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(RPAS) for Geomatics Applications in Canada

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(RPAS) for Geomatics Applications in Canada Environmental Scan on the Operational Use of Remotely Piloted Aircraft Systems (RPAS) for Geomatics Applications in Canada Analyse du contexte de l’utilisation des systèmes d’aéronefs télépilotés (drones) en géomatique au Canada July 15, 2016 Canadian Council on Geomatics Financial support provided by Natural Resources Canada, GeoConnections Program (# GNS15-CASP08U) ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS Financial support was provided by GeoConnections, a national collaborative initiative led by Natural Resources Canada. GeoConnections supports the integration and use of the Canadian Geospatial Data Infrastructure (CGDI). The CGDI is an online resource that improves the sharing, access, and use of Canadian geospatial information. It helps decision makers from all levels of government, the private sector, non-government organizations and academia make better decisions on social, economic, and environmental priorities. Additional in-kind contributions and funding support were provided by the NWT Centre for Geomatics, GeoBC, Saskatchewan Ministry of Environment, Government of Alberta, GeoManitoba, and Service Nova Scotia. Melanie Desjardins, Brad Hlasny, Shane Patterson, Greg Carlson, and Colin MacDonald are thanked for the development of this proposal, and are gratefully acknowledged for valued consultations and reviews. We also thank Brent Bitter for the provision of RPAS program development advice and his operational experience. Robert Fraser (Canada Centre for Mapping and Earth Observation) and Costas Armenakis (York University) reviewed an earlier version of this report and are thanked for their helpful comments and perspectives. Robert Fraser also provided geospatial datasets that were used to create some of the figures in this report. ABOUT THIS DOCUMENT Author and Publisher: Canadian Council on Geomatics Lead Organization: NWT Centre for Geomatics Suggested Citation: Canadian Council on Geomatics. (2016). Environmental Scan on the Operational Use of Remotely Piloted Aircraft Systems (RPAS) for Geomatics Applications in Canada (1st Ed.). Ottawa, ON, Canada. 92 p. Contact Information: NWT Centre for Geomatics Tel: (867) 767-9186 Informatics Shared Service Centre for Lands, Fax: (867) 765-0144 Environment and Natural Resources, Email: [email protected] Industry, Tourism and Investment Government of the Northwest Territories 2nd Floor, Gallery Building 4923 – 52nd Street Yellowknife, NT X1A 3S8 DISCLAIMER The following information on the operational use of Remotely Piloted Aircraft Systems (RPAS) in Canada is provided by the NWT Centre for Geomatics for informational purposes only and does not constitute legal advice. It is provided on an "as is" basis and the NWT Centre for Geomatics makes no guarantees, representations or warranties whatsoever respecting the information, either express or implied, arising by law or otherwise, including but not limited to the information’s effectiveness, completeness, accuracy or fitness for a particular purpose. The NWT Centre for Geomatics shall not be liable for any direct or indirect loss, damage or injury to persons or property, howsoever arising or in any manner based upon, arising from or attributable to the use or possession of the information; and the user of the information waives all rights and recourse against the NWT Centre for Geomatics for any such loss, damage, or injury. The NWT Centre for Geomatics shall not be liable in any way for loss of revenue or contracts, or any other consequential loss of any kind resulting from the information or any defect in the information While every effort has been made to ensure the accuracy of this information, it must be recognized that it has not been reviewed by regulatory bodies, and as such may contain inaccuracies, including inaccuracies regarding the interpretation of aviation, privacy, and intellectual property regulations. It is recommended that readers familiarize themselves with the full content of the Canadian Aviation Regulations and obtain RPAS training before conducting missions. The responsibility for ensuring compliance with the appropriate regulations lies with the organizations conducting RPAS missions. Any use whatsoever of the information shall constitute acceptance of the terms and conditions set out above. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY Among a wide range of Canadian industries there is a need for increased situational awareness and site-specific information that is available in a timely fashion and interpretable by local decision makers. Remotely-piloted Aircraft Systems (RPAS) play an increasingly important role to meet these information needs especially in cases where the cost, level of detail, and operational inflexibility of conventional sensor platforms (e.g., ground, manned aircraft, satellite) are limiting factors. Capable of controlled level flight even though no pilot is onboard, RPAS increase situational awareness while reducing human workloads, and accomplish many monitoring tasks at a lower cost and personnel risk, higher level of detail, and a shorter turn-around time. To close the knowledge gaps between organizations that have already begun to use RPAS with those that are intending to do so, the goal of this report was to reduce the chance for duplication of work between organizations in their developments of RPAS-specific geomatics programs and services. The scientific literature, operational experience, and policy recommendations were synthesized to provide an overview of the technological and regulatory aspects of RPAS operations, as well as best practices and risk management strategies. RPAS are a mature technology to derive geo-information products in Canada, and a large variety of operational platforms and sensors can serve a wide range of mapping and situational awareness applications. Autopilot technology and software for flight planning, flight guidance, and data processing is commercially available and production capable, and is highly automated. RPAS can therefore serve markets whose workforce may have little aviation or photogrammetric experience. The majority of operational RPAS applications are conducted with small RPAS and with consumer- grade cameras, over project areas not larger than 10 km2. The majority of operational RPAS applications are comprised of oblique still photography, video footage, and photogrammetric applications (e.g., ortho-mosaic, Digital Terrain Model) whereby RPAS provide a competitive price- performance level, flexibility, and high-grade accuracies in case of mapping projects. Updated regulations in 2017 are expected to greatly reduce the need for Special Flight Operation Certificates, which will reduce organizational risks and improve the ability to quickly respond to information needs. From a privacy stand-point the collection of personal information from RPAS are subject to the same privacy law requirements as any other data collection practice. Nevertheless, the geomatics industry has much to gain with a transparent approach through public notifications of RPAS missions, purpose specification, designating a point-of-contact, and appropriate data handling procedures. Furthermore, clear end-user license agreements should be in place to specify data rights and restrictions, particularly in the case of sensitive information. The RPAS and associated data processing industry is rapidly growing and evolving both in Canada and globally. This advancing medium will continue to serve both existing and new geospatial information users. Improvements in platform and sensor technology, beyond visual-line-of-sight regulations, availability of Canadian RPAS test sites, earth observation research, data processing and management techniques, and data standards are required to further promote its use. RPAS also provide opportunities for improved geomatics outreach through STEM (Science, Technology, Engineering, Mathematics) opportunities and enabling community-based monitoring. SOMMAIRE Une grande variété d’industries canadiennes souhaite accroître leur connaissance des situations et obtenir en temps opportun des renseignements propres à un site et faciles à interpréter par les décideurs locaux. On utilise de plus en plus les systèmes d’aéronefs télépilotés, ou drones, pour satisfaire à ces besoins d’information, notamment lorsque l’on est limité par des considérations de coût, de degré de détail et de la rigidité de l’emploi des plates-formes de capteurs classiques (p. ex., au sol, en vol avec équipage, depuis un satellite). Par leur capacité de vol en palier sans pilote, les drones améliorent la connaissance des situations tout en réduisant la charge de travail humaine, et en réalisant plusieurs tâches de surveillance à moindre coût, avec un risque réduit pour le personnel, un degré plus élevé de détail et dans des délais plus courts. Nous avons produit ce rapport afin de combler les lacunes de connaissances entre les organisations qui utilisent déjà les drones et celles qui envisagent de le faire, et ainsi réduire les risques de répétition du travail d’une à l’autre lorsqu’elles créent des programmes et des services spécifiques de géomatique utilisant des drones. Nous avons synthétisé la documentation scientifique, l’expérience d’utilisation et les recommandations en matière de politique pour donner un aperçu des éléments technologiques et réglementaires de l’utilisation de drones, et des pratiques exemplaires et des meilleures stratégies de gestion des risques. Les drones constituent une technologie mature permettant d’obtenir des produits d’information géographiques au Canada. La grande variété
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