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Análisis Y Prospectiva De Las Tecnologías Para La Televisión Digital En Movilidad

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Análisis Y Prospectiva De Las Tecnologías Para La Televisión Digital En Movilidad UNIVERSIDAD COMPLUTENSE DE MADRID FACULTAD DE CIENCIAS DE LA INFORMACIÓN Departamento de Comunicación Audiovisual y Publicidad I TESIS DOCTORAL Análisis y prospectiva de las tecnologías para la televisión digital en movilidad MEMORIA PARA OPTAR AL GRADO DE DOCTOR PRESENTADA POR Javier Martín López DIRECTOR Hipólito Vivar Zurita Madrid, 2016 © Javier Martín López, 2015 UNIVERSIDAD COMPLUTENSE DE MADRID FACULTAD DE CIENCIAS DE LA INFORMACIÓN Departamento de Comunicación Audiovisual y Publicidad I ANÁLISIS Y PROSPECTIVA DE LAS TECNOLOGÍAS PARA LA TELEVISIÓN DIGITAL EN MOVILIDAD MEMORIA PARA OPTAR AL GRADO DE DOCTOR PRESENTADA POR Javier Martín López Bajo la dirección del doctor Hipólito Vivar Zurita Madrid, 2015 TESIS DOCTORAL ANÁLISIS Y PROSPECTIVA DE LAS TECNOLOGÍAS PARA LA TELEVISIÓN DIGITAL EN MOVILIDAD Análisis y Prospectiva de las Tecnologías para la Televisión Digital en Movilidad 2 Javier Martín López Análisis y Prospectiva de las Tecnologías para la Televisión Digital en Movilidad Realizada por: Javier Martín López Dirigida por: Dr. Hipólito Vivar Zurita Departamento: CAVP I, Universidad Complutense de Madrid 2 de junio de 2015 Javier Martín López 3 Análisis y Prospectiva de las Tecnologías para la Televisión Digital en Movilidad 4 Javier Martín López Análisis y Prospectiva de las Tecnologías para la Televisión Digital en Movilidad Esta tesis está dedicada a mi familia y en especial a mi padre por su apoyo, insistencia y ánimos para que la realizara. Javier Martín López 5 Análisis y Prospectiva de las Tecnologías para la Televisión Digital en Movilidad 6 Javier Martín López Análisis y Prospectiva de las Tecnologías para la Televisión Digital en Movilidad Agradecimientos Esta tesis ha sido posible gracias al apoyo del Departamento de Comunicación Audiovisual y Publicidad I de la Universidad Complutense de Madrid. Y especialmente: Al Dr. Hipólito Vivar Zurita por su paciencia a lo largo de estos años, su apoyo personal y profesional, su experiencia, su orientación y ánimo. Al Dr. Alberto García García por su apoyo, amabilidad, comprensión y cercanía. A Beatriz Tovar Ramírez por su disponibilidad y ayuda. Gracias también a mis compañeros de la Delegación del CSIC en la Comunidad Valenciana y en especial al Dr. José Pío Beltrán Porter por su apoyo. Gracias a mis compañeros y amigos de televisión y docencia Manuel Caballero Bono y Dr. Esteban M. Stepanian Taracido por sus ánimos y por todo lo que he aprendido de ellos a lo largo de los años. A Ricardo Sanz y Tur por sus incisivas y precisas sugerencias de última hora. A Alina Vélez Nadolu por sus ánimos, apoyo y sus consejos sobre diseño y maquetación. A los amigos que abrieron camino: Dr. Pedro Plasencia Lozano y Dra. Ariadna Cánovas Rivas. Y a los que comparten el camino: Javier Naya Monteoliva. A todos mis amigos y en especial a Antonio Serrano Rubio, Juan José Basco Blázquez, Ignacio Amutio Narro y Sergio Cánovas Rivas. A todos aquellos que me han ayudado y apoyado en este trabajo. Javier Martín López 7 Análisis y Prospectiva de las Tecnologías para la Televisión Digital en Movilidad 8 Javier Martín López Análisis y Prospectiva de las Tecnologías para la Televisión Digital en Movilidad ÍNDICE ÍNDICE .................................................................................................................. 9 PALABRAS CLAVE ............................................................................................................................... 19 RESUMEN ................................................................................................................................................ 21 ABSTRACT .............................................................................................................................................. 23 INTRODUCCIÓN .............................................................................................. 25 OBJETO DE LA INVESTIGACIÓN ..................................................................................................... 25 OBJETIVOS DEL TRABAJO ................................................................................................................ 25 JUSTIFICACIÓN DEL ESTUDIO ........................................................................................................ 27 ESTRUCTURA DEL TRABAJO ........................................................................................................... 31 METODOLOGÍA .................................................................................................................................... 34 CAPÍTULO 1. ESTADO DE LA CUESTIÓN Y MARCO CONCEPTUAL .............................................................................................................................. 37 1.1. INTRODUCCIÓN A LA TECNOLOGÍA DE LA TELEVISIÓN ............................................... 37 1.1.1. La televisión analógica .......................................................................................................... 38 1.1.1.1. Los primeros sistemas electrónicos ...................................................................................... 38 1.1.1.2. La televisión en color ........................................................................................................... 39 1.1.2. La televisión digital .................................................................................................................... 40 1.1.3. La televisión de alta definición.................................................................................................. 42 1.2. VÍAS DE DIFUSIÓN DE LA TELEVISIÓN .................................................................................. 44 1.2.1. La televisión analógica herciana y la televisión analógica por satélite .................................. 44 1.2.2. La televisión analógica por cable .............................................................................................. 46 1.2.3. La televisión digital por cable ................................................................................................... 46 1.2.4. La televisión digital por satélite ................................................................................................ 47 1.2.5. La televisión digital por tecnologías IP .................................................................................... 48 1.2.6. La televisión digital terrestre .................................................................................................... 49 1.3. LA TELEVISIÓN DIGITAL EN MOVILIDAD ............................................................................ 50 1.3.1. Introducción a la televisión digital en movilidad .................................................................... 50 1.3.1.1. Un nuevo medio ................................................................................................................... 53 1.3.1.1.1. Nuevas características ................................................................................................. 54 1.3.1.1.2. Nuevas posibilidades .................................................................................................... 56 1.3.1.1.3. Nuevos estándares ........................................................................................................ 57 1.3.1.1.4. Nuevos recursos ........................................................................................................... 58 1.3.1.2. Nuevos contenidos ............................................................................................................... 60 1.3.1.2.1. Contenido creado por los usuarios .............................................................................. 62 1.3.1.2.2. Vídeo bajo demanda ..................................................................................................... 63 1.3.1.2.3. Servicios para adultos .................................................................................................. 63 1.3.1.2.4. Piezas de vídeo o clips ................................................................................................. 63 1.3.1.3. Servicios interactivos ........................................................................................................... 64 1.3.1.3.1. Flash Cast .................................................................................................................... 65 1.3.1.3.2. Descargas de música y vídeo ....................................................................................... 67 Javier Martín López 9 Análisis y Prospectiva de las Tecnologías para la Televisión Digital en Movilidad 1.3.1.3.3. Podcasting .................................................................................................................... 67 1.3.1.4. Plataformas .......................................................................................................................... 68 1.3.1.4.1. Unicast y broadcast ...................................................................................................... 68 1.3.1.4.2. Televisión en directo vs contenido interactivo ............................................................. 68 1.3.1.5. Plataformas de desarrollo y de difusión ............................................................................... 69 1.3.1.6. Adaptación de contenidos para su difusión .......................................................................... 70 1.3.1.7. Software para crear contenidos ............................................................................................ 71
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