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UWS Academic Portal Highly-Scalable Software Firewall View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by Research Repository and Portal - University of the West of Scotland UWS Academic Portal Highly-scalable software firewall supporting one million rules for 5G NB-IoT networks Matencio Escolar, Antonio; Alcaraz Calero, Jose M.; Wang, Qi Published in: ICC 2020 - 2020 IEEE International Conference on Communications (ICC) DOI: 10.1109/ICC40277.2020.9149152 Published: 27/07/2020 Document Version Peer reviewed version Link to publication on the UWS Academic Portal Citation for published version (APA): Matencio Escolar, A., Alcaraz Calero, J. M., & Wang, Q. (2020). Highly-scalable software firewall supporting one million rules for 5G NB-IoT networks. In ICC 2020 - 2020 IEEE International Conference on Communications (ICC) (IEEE Conference Proceedings). IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/ICC40277.2020.9149152 General rights Copyright and moral rights for the publications made accessible in the UWS Academic Portal are retained by the authors and/or other copyright owners and it is a condition of accessing publications that users recognise and abide by the legal requirements associated with these rights. Take down policy If you believe that this document breaches copyright please contact [email protected] providing details, and we will remove access to the work immediately and investigate your claim. Download date: 30 Nov 2020 Matencio Escolar, A., Alcaraz Calero, J. M., & Wang, Q. (2020). Highly-scalable software firewall supporting one million rules for 5G NB-IoT networks. In ICC 2020 - 2020 IEEE International Conference on Communications (ICC) (IEEE Conference Proceedings). IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/ICC40277.2020.9149152 “© © 2020 IEEE. Personal use of this material is permitted. Permission from IEEE must be obtained for all other uses, in any current or future media, including reprinting/republishing this material for advertising or promotional purposes, creating new collective works, for resale or redistribution to servers or lists, or reuse of any copyrighted component of this work in other works.” Highly-Scalable Software Firewall Supporting One Million Rules for 5G NB-IoT Networks Antonio Matencio Escolar Jose M. Alcaraz Calero Qi Wang University of the West of Scotland University of the West of Scotland University of the West of Scotland Paisley, Scotland Paisley, Scotland Paisley, Scotland [email protected] [email protected] [email protected] 1 Abstract—There is a significant lack of software fire- Currently, software firewalls are primarily designed 38 2 walls for 5G networks especially when the support to protect traditional IP networks. The support to pro- 39 3 for the Internet of Things (IoT) technologies such as tect overlay IP networks used by 5G NB-IoT archi- 40 4 NB-IoT are considered. The main contribution of this tectures has not been sufficiently provided. Moreover, 41 5 research work is an advanced software firewall based on 6 the Open Virtual Switch (OVS), which is able to provide to the best of the authors’ knowledge, there is no 42 7 firewall capabilities over these 5G IoT devices. The published software-based firewall solution that is able 43 8 proposed software firewall is able to significantly scale to deal with the level of scalability envisioned for the 44 9 up the number of rules to fulfill the 5G Key Performance massive number of IoT devices. These gaps pose sig- 45 10 Indicator of controlling 1 million IoT devices per square nificant security challenges that need to be addressed. 46 11 kilometer. Intensive experimental results are achieved 12 in this work, validating the suitability of the proposed This paper attempts to address these problems by 47 13 architecture for this remarkable level of scalability. In providing a novel software firewall capability with sup- 48 14 the most demanding conditions, where more than 1 port for 5G NB-IoT overlay networks. The software 49 15 million of firewall rules are installed and 1 million NB- firewall exposes a significant increase in the scala- 50 16 IoT devices are sending traffic, yielding a total of 4 bility with respect to the number of rules, up to 5G 51 17 Gbps, the system shows only 8% of packet loss and 4 18 ms delay. expectations. The following list enumerates the main 52 19 Index Terms—5G, NB-IoT, OpenVSwicth, Software contributions of this work: 53 20 Datapath, firewall • Novel 5G software firewall architecture with ad- 54 vanced capabilities for 5G-enabled IoT networks. 55 21 I. Introduction • Significant enhancement of the scalability in terms 56 22 The maximum 5G speed in the New Radio (NR) of handling a large number of firewall rules for 57 23 interface reported by Huawei in October 2019 [1] is security proposes, being able to handle up to 1 58 24 3.67 Gbps, beating their previous world-wide mark of million firewall rules per software firewall. 59 25 2 Gbps. A more typical scenario using the same tech- • Empirical validation of the scalability and perfor- 60 26 nology indicates 1 Gbps for the coverage of 1 square mance of the proposed solution based on a proto- 61 27 kilometer. In that coverage, a 5G NB-IoT (NarrowBand- typical implementation in a realistic testbed. 62 28 Internet of Things) network is expected to provide The rest of this paper is structured as follows. Sec- 63 29 access to 1,000,000 devices according to the 5G Key tion II outlines a state of the art on software firewall 64 30 Performance Indicator (KPI) defined by 5G Public- capabilities and firewall filtering in overlay networks. 65 31 Private Partnership (PPP). When combined with soft- Section III describes the design and prototyping of the 66 32 warization and virtualization, which are the corner- proposed scalable 5G IoT firewall architecture. Section 67 33 stone technologies in 5G architectures to reduce cap- IV presents the implementation of the proposed archi- 68 34 ital expenditure (CAPEX) and operational expenditure tecture. Section V validates the solution and provides 69 35 (OPEX) , it imposes a significant scalability challenge a scalability analysis of the prototype. Finally, Section 70 36 and performance overhead that need to be addressed VI provides conclusions and future work. 71 37 to fulfill the ambitious 5G KPI. II. Related Work 72 This work was funded in part by the European Commission Horizon 2020 5G-PPP Programme under Grant Agreement Number H2020- The vast majority of open source and commercial 73 ICT-2016-2/761913 (SliceNet: End-to-End Cognitive Network Slic- software switches that could be extended to act as 74 ing and Slice Management Framework in Virtualised Multi-Domain, Multi-Tenant 5G Networks). This work has been also supported by firewalls simply have not been designed to support 75 the UWS VP Fund - 5G Video Lab. overlay networks, and they merely work in traditional 76 to provide a carrier-grade firewall support for LTE, 108 DATAPATH COMMAND LINE OPEN FLOW COMMAND LINE CONTROL APP INTERFACE PLANE CONTROL APP INTERFACE LTE-A, 5G and IoT. However, these capabilities are 109 CONTROL SOFTWARE FIREWALL not reflected yet in their data sheets, no performance 110 USER MODULE OpenFlow has been published and for their highest-end product 111 ACE Table (VM08), they claimed to provide support for up to 4 112 A PLANE T NB-IoT 5G USER SP DA FIELDS Gbps with a maximum of 40k firewall rules. Even that 113 KERNEL SPACE USER SPACE 114 COMMUCATION PROTOCOL level of scalability in software appliances will not be SOFTWARE FIREWALL KERNEL MODULE 115 NETLINK NB-IoT suitable for 5G requirements. Another way to address DATAPATH INTERFACE NETLINK API (DPIF) EXTENSION this scalability is to perform the deployment of several 116 ACE virtual appliances in the same physical machine in 117 FLOW NB-IoT 5G MATCH - ACTION PIPELINE NO A PLANE Rule Table T order to use a distributed load-balancing approach to 118 DA LOOK UP KERNEL SP NB-IoT 5G PARSER FLOW MATCH? ACTION PARSER NB-IoT 5G TABLE YES deal with scalability. 119 FIELDS The lack of support for such advanced firewall capa- 120 bilities in software solutions and the need to push the 121 NIC scalability boundaries to truly support for 5G networks 122 has been the main motivation of this work. 123 OPENFLOW MANAGEMENT FLOW NETLINKF FLOW PACKET PROCESSING NETWORK TRAFFIC EXTENSION EXTENSION PERFORMED III. The Proposed Architecture 124 Fig. 1 provides an overview of the proposed highly- 125 Fig. 1. Architectural of the proposed software firewall scalable 5G NB-IoT software firewall architecture. It 126 has been logically divided in three different planes. The 127 kernel space module works at the maximum speed with 128 77 IP networks. For example, Linux iptables, ebtables, hardware administrative privileges (execution ring 1). 129 78 ipcop, pfSense, ipFire, ufw, smoothwall and VyOS fire- When a packet is received by the network inter- 130 79 walls do not support any overlay network, including face card (NIC) driver, it is inserted into the match- 131 80 the GPRS Tunneling Protocol (GTP) used to implement action pipeline implemented in this kernel module. The 132 81 5G NB-IoT networks. Windows Firewall, Avast, AVS, match-action pipeline applies the firewall rules to the 133 82 TinyWall, GlassFire and many others also lack the same packets being received in the data path. To do so, 134 83 capability for the Windows operating system. the packets are parsed using the extracted metadata. 135 84 There is significant absence of solutions to address An extension to the traditional IP packet parsing has 136 85 the lack of support of firewall policies over the GTP pro- been designed and prototyped to be able to extract 137 86 tocol, used in LTE, LTE-Advanced (LTE-A) and 5G and information about the GTP protocol and also about the 138 87 on their respective adaptions for cellular IoT networks, inner IP headers that are inside the tunneling protocol 139 88 LTE-M and NB-IoT.
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