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Comparative Characterization of Hyperostosis in Two Different Species of Family Ephippidae Bleeker, 1859

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Comparative Characterization of Hyperostosis in Two Different Species of Family Ephippidae Bleeker, 1859 Sky Journal of Agricultural Research Vol. 4(6), pp. 107 - 109, September, 2015 Available online http://www.skyjournals.org/SJAR ISSN 2315-8751 ©2015 Sky Journals Full Length Research Paper Comparative characterization of hyperostosis in two different species of family Ephippidae bleeker, 1859 Fernando Augusto Pereira Tuna Fundação Instituto de Pesca do Estado do Rio de Janeiro (FIPERJ). Tel.: (+55) 21-988696919. E-mail: [email protected]. Accepted 19 August, 2015 In this study a case of hyperostosis was studied in teleost fish Chaetodipterus faber (Ephippidae) captured from Cabo Frio, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil and the pattern of process were compared with those observed in Platax teira. Hyperostosis occurred in five different regions and swollen bones were identified, quantified and measured. The patterns of hyperostosis identified for Atlantic spadefish were different in size and position when compared to long fin batfish, indicating a possible specie specific pattern for the occurrence of hyperostosis. Key words: Hyperostosis, Chaetodipterus faber, osteology. INTRODUCTION Hyperostosis is a productive change in bone tissue MATERIALS AND METHODS characterized by an increase of the periosteal ossification along with re-absorption of the bony tissue giving a The present study was conducted on one specimen of spongy aspect to the structure (Meunier et al., 2010). Chaetodipterus faber (4239 mm total length and 2472 These processes are commonly found in adult and senile mm body height) captured in region of Cabo Frio, Rio de fishes around the world (Smith-Vaniz et al., 1995; Smith- Janeiro, Brazil in March 2015. The X-ray radiography was Vaniz and Carpenter, 2007) in different periods of time made using Polydoros digital model lx-50, calibrate at 50 (Schlüter et al., 1992; Aguilera and Aguilera, 1999) and kV, 3.20 mAs and 9.9 ms (Figure 1). Photos were treated different families (Aguilera, 1988; Aguilera & Aguilera, with Photoshop CS6 program. 1999; Smith-Vaniz and Carpenter, 2007; Giarratana et al., 2012). The cause of hyperostosis is still unknown and different RESULTS bones and structures might develop hyperostosis process such as supraoccipital, cleithrum, pterygiophores, ribs and others (Aguilera, 1988; Meunier et al., 2010). There are five hyperostotic regions occurring in the Previous studies demonstrated hyperostosis occurring in specimen (Figure 2). Supraoccipital is a solid structure different genera of the family Ephippidae. Jawad (2013) with oval borders in the superior part (35mm; 42 mm). and Jawad and Bannai (2014) related the presence of Cleithrum demonstrated hyperostosis in both sides and hyperostosis in long fin batfish (Platax teira, Forsskal, the anterior part were more affected (78 mm; 19 mm). 1775) collected in Oman and Iraq. In the present study, Hyperostosis was found in all ribs in different proportions the position, size and shape of hyperostosis in an (85 mm; 4 mm in maximum size and 82 mm; 3 mm in exemplar of Chaetodipterus faber (Broussonet, 1782) minimum). Anal fin pterygiophore have a spherical form were studied and compared with the patterns described (101 mm; 28 mm). 1 - 6 haemal spines showed in different specie of the family. hyperostosis and the posterior portion were more affected (48mm; 7mm in maximum size and 48 mm;7 mm Rua Prefeito João Felipe, 425 – Santa Teresa, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil 1 108 Sky. J. Agric. Res. Figure 1. Atlantic spadefish (Chaetodipterus faber) with the presence of hyperostosis in different affected structures. e a b c d Figure 2. Regions with hyperostosis a-e.a, Supraoccipital; b, Cleithrum; c, Ribs; d, Pterygiophore; e, Haemal spines. in minimum). Hyperostosis in neural spines and dorsal caudal vertebra. Jawad and Bannai (2014) founded 6 pterygiophores were absent. hyperostosis regions, in neural spines (1 - 5 and 7th caudal vertebrae) and 5th and 7th haemal spines. The differences in affected structures are very clear and this DISCUSSION might be explained by a species’ specific pattern. Smith- Vaniz et al. (1995) listed 99 species in 22 families with Chaetodipterus faber showed more hyperostotic regions the occurrence of swollen-hyperostotic bones and compared with different species from the same taxonomy founded specie-specific patterns of hyperostosis for some family. The presence of hyperostosis in haemal spine of them. was the only region affected in both species, but they The real cause of hyperostosis is still unknown but showed differences. Atlantic spadefish presented six some cases need to be analyzed. Hyperostotic and non- haemal spines affected, contrasting in size, shape and hyperostotic species which occur sympatrically not amount of found hyperostosis in long bat fin. The patterns explained, exclusively, an environmental factor. Also, found in Platax teira differs for those founded in different habitats may contain species with or without the Chaetodipterus faber. Jawad (2013) founded six pathology. It is natural to think that species of the same hyperostotic regions: on the first dorsal-fin pterygiophore; family have similar patterns when the disease is present. on the neural and haemal spines of the first caudal However, this study showed that the patterns found for vertebra; on the neural spine of the third caudal the Atlantic spadefish was different from those reported vertebrae; on the neural and haemal spines of the fifth for the long fin batfish. A phylogenetic and ontological caudal vertebra; and on the haemal spine of the seventh explanation analyzing the hyperostosis formation process Rua Prefeito João Felipe, 425 – Santa Teresa, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil 2 Fernando 109 is needed to elucidate the question of a standard possible Smith-Vaniz WF, Kaufman LS, Glowacki J (1995). Species-specific for the disease in closely related species. patterns of hyperostosis in marine teleost fishes. Mar. Biol., 121: 573−580. Meunier FJ, Gaudant J, Bonelli E (2010). Morphological and histological study of the hyperostoses of Lepidopus albyi (Sauvage, 1870), a ACKNOWLEDGMENTS fossil Trichiurideae from the Tortonian(Upper Miocene) of Piedmont (Italy). Cybium., 34: 293-301. Schlüter T, Kohring R, Mehl J (1992). Hyperostotic fish bones (‘Tilly I would like to thank UFRJ Radiography team for support. bones’) from presumably Pliocene phosphorites of the Lake Manyara area, Northern Tanzania.Paläontolo. Zeitsch., 66: 129–136. REFERENCES Aguilera AO (1988). Anormalidades esqueléticas en Micropogonias furnieri, Cynoscion acoupa, Macrodon ancylodon y Pachypops fourcroi (Pisces: Sciaenidae) de Venezuela. Mem. Soc. Cien. Nat. La Salle, 129: 55-83. Aguilera AO, Aguilera DR (1999) Anormalidades esqueléticas em peces fosiles del Mioceno temprano (Formacion Cantaure) de Venezuela. Mem. Soc. Cien. Nat. La Salle Memoria Fundacion La Salle de Ciencias Naturales 59: 45–52 Giarratana F, Ruolo A, Muscolino D, Marino F, Gallo M, Panebianco A (2012). Occurrence of hyperostotic pterygiophores in the silver scabbardfish, Lepidopus caudatus(Actinopterygii: Perciformes, Trichiuridae).ActaIchthyol. Piscat.42: 233-237. Jawad LA (2013). Hyperostosis in three fish species collected from the Sea of Oman. The Ant. Rec., 296: 1145-1147. Jawad L, Bannai, M (2014). Characterization of hyperostosis in Platax teira (Forsskål, 1775) collected from marine water of Iraq, North West Arabian Gulf. Sky J. of Agric. Res., 3: 109 – 111. Smith-Vaniz W, Carpenter KE (2007). Review of the crevalle jacks, Caranx hippos complex (Teleostei:Carangidae), with a description of a new species from West Africa. Fish. Bull., 105: 207–233. Rua Prefeito João Felipe, 425 – Santa Teresa, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil 3 .
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