DOCSLIB.ORG

Medicinal Values of Trichosanthus Cucumerina L. (Snake Gourd) - a Review

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Medicinal Values of Trichosanthus Cucumerina L. (Snake Gourd) - a Review British Journal of Pharmaceutical Research 16(5): 1-10, 2017; Article no.BJPR.33575 ISSN: 2231-2919, NLM ID: 101631759 Medicinal Values of Trichosanthus cucumerina L. (Snake Gourd) - A Review N. Deepa Devi 1* 1#Department of Vegetable Crops, Horticultural College and Research Institute, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore-641003, India. Author’s contribution The sole author designed, analyzed and interpreted and prepared the manuscript. Article Information DOI: 10.9734/BJPR/2017/33575 Editor(s): (1) Shanfa Lu, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, China. (2) Rafik Karaman, Bioorganic Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Al-Quds University, USA. Reviewers: (1) João Carlos da Silva Dias, University of Lisbon, Portugal. (2) Viduranga Waisundara, Rajarata University of Sri Lanka, Sri Lanka. Complete Peer review History: http://www.sciencedomain.org/review-history/19159 Received 21 st April 2017 th Review Article Accepted 15 May 2017 Published 22 nd May 2017 ABSTRACT Snake gourd is an annual climber and it’s commonly called as snake gourd, viper gourd, snake tomato or long tomato. The fruit is usually consumed as a vegetable due to it is good nutritional value. The fruit is a good source of Vitamin A, Vitamin B and Vitamin C. It improves the appetite and acts as a tonic and stomachic and cures biliousness. This is one of the most genetically diverse groups of food plant in the plant kingdom and every part of this plant is used to treat various diseases. It is used in the treatment of head ache, alopecia, fever, abdominal tumors, bilious, boils, acute colic, diarrohea, haematuria and skin allergy. T. curcumineria is used as an abortifacient, vermifuge, stomachic, refrigerant, purgative, malaria, laxative, hydragogue, hemagglutinant, emetic, cathartic, bronchitis and anthelmintic. This review paper completed focus on the biosystematics, nutritional, chemical constituents and scientific medicinal uses of the plant. Keywords: Snake gourd; Trichosanthes cucumerina L; Phytochemicals; chemical substance; medicinal uses. _____________________________________________________________________________________________________ *Corresponding author: E-mail: [email protected]; #Post Doctoral Fellow (UGC - India) Devi; BJPR, 16(5): 1-10, 2017; Article no.BJPR.33575 1. INTRODUCTION (syn. Trichosanthes multiloba Clarke ), Trichosanthes nervifolia L., Trichosanthes Snake gourd is scientifically called as cordata Roxb., Trichosanthes japonica and Tricosanthes cucumerina is a well known plant, Trichosanthes shikokiana . The botanical name of the fruit of which is mainly consumed as a snake gourd is sometimes known as vegetable. It is an annual climber belonging to Trichosanthes cucumerina L. but the most the family Cucurbitaceae. It is commonly called common is Trichosanthes anguina L. the species as snake gourd, viper gourd, snake tomato or Trichosanthes celebica , Trichosanthes ovigera long tomato [1,2]. The fruit is usually consumed and Trichosanthes villosa are minor vegetables. as a vegetable due to it is good nutritional value. Trichosanthes cucumeroides , commonly known The fruit is a good source of Vitamin A, Vitamin B as the Japanese snake gourd is grown in Japan and Vitamin C. It improves the appetite and acts and China. The species Trichosanthes bracteata as a tonic and stomachic and cures biliousness. (Lam.) Voigt. var. tomentosa (Heyne ex Clarke) The wild bitter forms are used in many ayurvedic Chak. occurs in India in the peninsular region preparations. The fruits of cultivated forms also and north eastern zone. Trichosanthes bracteata have medicinal uses and are useful for people var. bracteata is distributed all over the country suffering from blood pressure, heart diseases, but largely in eastern India, the Himalayas up to rheumatism and psoriasis. The plant is richly an elevation of 1500 m and extending constituted with a series of chemical constituents southwards to the Andaman Islands. like flavonoids, carotenoids, phenolic acids which Trichosanthes cucumerina (L), perhaps a wild makes the plant pharmacologically and form of Trichosanthes anguina occurs almost therapeutically active. It has a prominent place in throughout India and Trichosanthes cordata alternative systems of medicine like Ayurveda (Roxb.) grows wild in peninsular India and North- and Siddha due to it is various pharmacological Eastern plains and hills [6]. activities like antidiabetic, hepatoprotective, cytotoxic, anti-inflammatory, larvicidal effects 4. CYTOLOGY [3,4]. All species of Trichosanthes have chromosomes, 2. TAXONOMY n=11 and 2n=22 except Trichosanthes bracteata and Trichosanthes cucumeroides in which n=22 Cucurbitaceae is a plant family commonly known and 2n=44. Tetraploids (2n=44) and hexaploids as melons, gourds or cucurbits and includes (2n=66) have been reported in Trichosanthes crops like cucumbers, squashes (including palmate . Induced polyploids in Trichosanthes pumpkins), luffas, melons (including anguina showed quadrivalents, trivalents, watermelons). The family is predominantly bivalents and univalents. Only two species, distributed around the tropics, where those with Trichosanthes anguina and Trichosanthes edible fruits were amongst the earliest cultivated cucumerina are monoecious while all others are plants in both the old and new world. Major dioecious. The species with 2n-=22 genera under this family are Trichosanthes (100 chromosomes had metacentric to submetacentric species), Cayaponia (60 species), Momordica medium – sized (5.74 mm to 1.48 mm) (47 species), Gurania (40 species), Sicyos (40 chromosomes. There were only three pairs of species) and Cucumis (34species). This is one of chromosomes with secondary constriction in the most genetically diverse groups of food plant Trichosanthes anguina and Trichosanthes in the plant kingdom [5,6]. cucumerina. The presence of XY sex chromosomes were recorded in Trichosanthes 3. BIOSYSTEMATICS cucumeriodes and Trichosanthes japonica at meiosis and in Trichosanthes multiloba at metaphase. The species, Trichosanthes anguina, The genus Trichosanthes has two cultivated Trichosanthes cucumerina and Trichosanthes species Trichosanthes anguina L. and lobata are crossable among themselves with Trichosanthes dioica Roxb. And several fertile hybrids indicating their close relationship wild species. The important wild species [6]. are Trichosanthes bracteata (Lam.) Voigt. (Syn. Trichosanthes palmata Roxb. ), which is most 5. REGIONAL NAME widely distributed in India, Trichosanthes cucumerina L. having a large variability, The genus Trichosanthes has two cultivated Trichosanthes lobata, Trichosanthes wallichiana species Trichosanthes cucumerina L. 2 Devi; BJPR, 16(5): 1-10, 2017; Article no.BJPR.33575 (synonyms: Trichosanthes anguina L.) and 7. MORPHOLOGY Trichosanthes dioica Roxb. The regional names of snake gourd or snake tomato is The plant of Tricosanthes cucumerina is a Chichinga/Chichinge (Bengali), Potlakaaya monoecious annual herb climbing by 2–3- (Telugu), Pudalankaai (Tamil), Aduvalakaayi branched tendrils upto 5 to 6 meters high or less. (Kannada), Padavalanga (Malayalam), Galartori The stems are slender, green, 4-angled, (Punjabi), Padavali (Gujarathi), Schlangen – somewhat hairy, and faintly disagreeable in odor. Haargurke and Chichinda (Hindi), Wang Gua The roots are somewhat tuberous and whitish. (China), Trikosantes, Lang Tomat (Dan), The leaves are alternate, simple with no stipules. Haarbloem (Dut), Courge Serpent, Serpent Leaves are scabrid hairy on both surfaces, Vegetal, Serpent Japonais (France), rounded in outline, 7 to 14 centimeters long and Schlangengurke, Uri (Germany), Petola Ular broad, and 3 or 5-lobed, the lobes being broad, (Mal), Karasu-uri-zoku, Hebi-Uri (Japan), Patola rounded or obtuse, and the sinuses broad or (Srilanka), Serpentona, Zucchetta cinese (Italy), narrow and rounded. The base is broadly heart- Abóbora-Serpente, Patola (Portugal), shaped. The staminate inflorescences are long- Käärmekurkku (Finland), Buap Nguu Ma Noi peduncled and axillary, with six to fifteen flowers. (Thailand), Yilan Kabagi (Turkey), Anguina, Flowers are unisexual, regular, and white in Calabaza De Culebra, Culebrina, Serpiente colour with green and hairy calyx. Corolla is Vegetal, Calabaza, Anguina (Spain) and tubular in with lobes fringed and hair like Pakupis, Tabubok (Tal) [7]. outgrowths. The male flowers are many-flowered with axillary racemes on 10–30 cm long 6. ORIGIN AND DISTRIBUTION peduncles. They are with 3 stamens but the female flowers are solitary and sessile with Snake gourd is originated in India or in the Indian inferior, single celled ovary, long and with hairy Archipelago. The genus Trichosanthes is native stigmas [9]. Fruits are very slender, long and to Southern and Eastern Asia, Australia and cylindrical berry, often twisted, greenish-white Islands of the western Pacific. Trichosanthes when immature, dark red when mature. The cucumerina is found wild throughout these areas. seeds are half-ellipsoid, somewhat compressed, It was probably domesticated in ancient times in undulate, hard, rugose, nearly one centimeter India. It is grown as a minor vegetable in many long, greyish-brown, sculptured, margin undulate countries of tropical Asia. It is locally grown as a and imbedded in a soft foetid with red pulp [10]. vegetable in home gardens in Africa. Commercial growers around big cities in East Africa 8. PHYTOCHEMICALS occasionally grow cultivars of snake gourd imported from India
Load more

Recommended publications
  • (Cucurbitaceae), Hodgsonia Is the Hodgsoniinae C. Jeffrey, Subfamily
    BLUMEA 46 (2001) 169-179 Taxonomy of Hodgsonia (Cucurbitaceae), with a note on the ovules and seeds W.J.J.O. de Wilde & B.E.E. Duyfjes Nationaal Herbarium Nederland, Universiteit Leiden branch, P.O. Box 9514, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands Summary for Hodgsonia, ranging from NE India through S China to Java and Borneo, was a long time con- sidered as monotypic, but there are two (and possibly three) species, demarcated at the Isthmus of Kra in S Thailand. The ‘seeds’ should be condition known few, woody regarded as pyrenes, a not elsewhere in the family Cucurbitaceae. words Flora of SE Key . Asia, Cucurbitaceae, Hodgsonia,placentation, pyrenes. Introduction Hodgsonia is the only genus in the subtribe Hodgsoniinae C. Jeffrey, tribe Trichosan- theae C. Jeffrey, subfamily Cucurbitoideae(Jeffrey, 1962). The subtribe is definedby having 12 ovules, in 6 collateralpairs, the seeds connate in pairs, one of a pair usually smallerand with an abortive embryo. The connate seeds form large seed-like pyrenes. Within the tribe, Hodgsonia is also palynologically distinct (Khunwasi, 1998). Hodgsonia contains two species as presented here, both with edible oil in their seeds There has been confusion the (Burkill, 1935; Hu, 1964). on delimitation, name, and range of the two species, to such an extent that in practically all literaturethe con- cept ofthe used species names is contaminated.The history of the genusand the des- ignation of its various species names has been related by Hu (1964). The two currently accepted species appear to occupy different, adjacent areas in SE Asia. Theirdistribu- tions are distinct and meet somewhere in the area of S Tenasserim in S Myanmar or line the Isthmus of Kra in S Thailand, but the precise demarcation is as yet unknown because of insufficient collectionsfrom that area.
    [Show full text]
  • The Genus Trichosanthes L. (Cucurbitaceae) in Thailand
    THAI FOR. BULL. (BOT.) 32: 76–109. 2004. The genus Trichosanthes L. (Cucurbitaceae) in Thailand BRIGITTA E.E. DUYFJES*& KANCHANA PRUESAPAN** ABSTRACT. Trichosanthes (Cucurbitaceae) in Thailand comprises 17 species, seven of which have been described as new here: T. dolichosperma Duyfjes & Pruesapan, T. erosa Duyfjes & Pruesapan, T. inthanonensis Duyfjes & Pruesapan, T. kostermansii Duyfjes & Pruesapan, T. pallida Duyfjes & Pruesapan, T. phonsenae Duyfjes & Pruesapan, and T. siamensis Duyfjes & Pruesapan. Two new subspecific entities have been described: T. pubera Blume subsp. rubriflos (Cayla) Duyfjes & Pruesapan var. fissisepala Duyfjes & Pruesapan, and T. tricuspidata Lour. subsp. javanica Duyfjes & Pruesapan. A key to taxa, descriptions with distributional and ecological data and illustrations are presented. INTRODUCTION The results of the present revision of Trichosanthes will form part of the forthcoming treatment of the family Cucurbitaceae for the Flora of Thailand. Trichosanthes is an Asian genus, extending eastward to Australia. Within the Cucurbitaceae of Thailand, as well as for the whole of Southeast Asia, it is the largest genus, with 17 species in Thailand, and more than 100 species in all. It is a difficult genus, not because the species are unclear, but the herbaria materials are generally insufficient because the species are dioecious, the fragile corollas which bloom at night are difficult to collect, to preserve and to study, and the fruiting collections (fruits are quite often collected) at first sight show little relation to the flowering specimens. Trichosanthes is known as medicinal, and has recently received comparatively much taxonomic attention in China (Yueh & Cheng, 1974, 1980). The genus has been revised for India by Chakravarty (1959), for Cambodia, Laos and Vietnam by Keraudren (1975), and for the Malesian area by Rugayah & De Wilde (1997, 1999) and Rugayah (1999).
    [Show full text]
  • Trichosanthes Dioica Roxb.: an Overview
    PHCOG REV. REVIEW ARTICLE Trichosanthes dioica Roxb.: An overview Nitin Kumar, Satyendra Singh, Manvi, Rajiv Gupta Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Babu Banarasi Das National Institute of Technology and Management, Dr. Akhilesh Das Nagar, Faizabad Road, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India Submitted: 01-08-2010 Revised: 05-08-2011 Published: 08-05-2012 ABSTRACT Trichosanthes, a genus of family Cucurbitaceae, is an annual or perennial herb distributed in tropical Asia and Australia. Pointed gourd (Trichosanthes dioica Roxb.) is known by a common name of parwal and is cultivated mainly as a vegetable. Juice of leaves of T. dioica is used as tonic, febrifuge, in edema, alopecia, and in subacute cases of enlargement of liver. In Charaka Samhita, leaves and fruits find mention for treating alcoholism and jaundice. A lot of pharmacological work has been scientifically carried out on various parts of T. dioica, but some other traditionally important therapeutical uses are also remaining to proof till now scientifically. According to Ayurveda, leaves of the plant are used as antipyretic, diuretic, cardiotonic, laxative, antiulcer, etc. The various chemical constituents present in T. dioica are vitamin A, vitamin C, tannins, saponins, alkaloids, mixture of noval peptides, proteins tetra and pentacyclic triterpenes, etc. Key words: Cucurbitacin, diabetes, hepatoprotective, Trichosanthes dioica INRODUCTION parmal, patol, and potala in different parts of India and Bangladesh and is one of the important vegetables of this region.[3] The fruits The plants in Cucurbitaceae family is composed of about 110 and leaves are the edible parts of the plant which are cooked in genera and 640 species. The most important genera are Cucurbita, various ways either alone or in combination with other vegetables Cucumis, Ecballium, Citrullus, Luffa, Bryonia, Momordica, Trichosanthes, or meats.[4] etc (more than 30 species).[1] Juice of leaves of T.
    [Show full text]
  • Snake Gourd and Pointed Gourd: Botany and Horticulture
    9 Snake Gourd and Pointed Gourd: Botany and Horticulture L. K. Bharathi Central Horticultural Experiment Station Bhubaneswar 751019, Odisha, India T. K. Behera and A. K. Sureja Division of Vegetable Science Indian Agricultural Research Institute New Delhi 110012, India K. Joseph John National Bureau of Plant Genetic Resources KAU (P.O.), Thrissur 680656, Kerala, India Todd C. Wehner Department of Horticultural Science North Carolina State University Raleigh, North Carolina 27695-7609, USA ABSTRACT Trichosanthes is the largest genus of the family Cucurbitaceae. Its center of diversity exists in southern and eastern Asia from India to Taiwan, The Philippines, Japan, and Australia, Fiji, and Pacific Islands. Two species, T. cucumerina (snake gourd) and T. dioica (pointed gourd), are widely cultivated in tropical regions, mainly for the culinary use of their immature fruit. The fruit of these two species are good sources of minerals and dietary fiber. Despite their economic importance and nutritive values, not much effort has been invested toward genetic improvement of these crops. Only recently efforts have been directed toward systematic improvement strategies of these crops in India. Horticultural Reviews, Volume 41, First Edition. Edited by Jules Janick. Ó 2013 Wiley-Blackwell. Published 2013 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc. 457 458 L. K. BHARATHI ET AL. KEYWORDS: cucurbits; Trichosanthes; Trichosanthes cucumerina; Tricho- santhes dioica I. INTRODUCTION II. THE GENUS TRICHOSANTES A. Origin and Distribution B. Taxonomy C. Cytogenetics D. Medicinal Use III. SNAKE GOURD A. Quality Attributes and Human Nutrition B. Reproductive Biology C. Ecology D. Culture 1. Propagation 2. Nutrient Management 3. Water Management 4. Training 5. Weed Management 6.
    [Show full text]
  • Hypoglycemic Effects of Trichosanthes Kirilowii and Its Protein Constituent
    Lo et al. BMC Complementary and Alternative Medicine (2017) 17:53 DOI 10.1186/s12906-017-1578-6 RESEARCHARTICLE Open Access Hypoglycemic effects of Trichosanthes kirilowii and its protein constituent in diabetic mice: the involvement of insulin receptor pathway Hsin-Yi Lo1, Tsai-Chung Li2, Tse-Yen Yang3, Chia-Cheng Li1, Jen-Huai Chiang4, Chien-Yun Hsiang5* and Tin-Yun Ho1,6* Abstract Background: Diabetes is a serious chronic metabolic disorder. Trichosanthes kirilowii Maxim. (TK) is traditionally used for the treatment of diabetes in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM). However, the clinical application of TK on diabetic patients and the hypoglycemic efficacies of TK are still unclear. Methods: A retrospective cohort study was conducted to analyze the usage of Chinese herbs in patients with type 2 diabetes in Taiwan. Glucose tolerance test was performed to analyze the hypoglycemic effect of TK. Proteomic approach was performed to identify the protein constituents of TK. Insulin receptor (IR) kinase activity assay and glucose tolerance tests in diabetic mice were further used to elucidate the hypoglycemic mechanisms and efficacies of TK. Results: By a retrospective cohort study, we found that TK was the most frequently used Chinese medicinal herb in type 2 diabetic patients in Taiwan. Oral administration of aqueous extract of TK displayed hypoglycemic effects in a dose-dependent manner in mice. An abundant novel TK protein (TKP) was further identified by proteomic approach. TKP interacted with IR by docking analysis and activated the kinase activity of IR. In addition, TKP enhanced the clearance of glucose in diabetic mice in a dose-dependent manner.
    [Show full text]
  • Trichosanthes Cucumerina ) – a Basketful of Bioactive Compounds and Health Benefits
    Available online at ISSN: 2582 – 7022 www.agrospheresmagazine.com Agrospheres:e-Newsletter, (2021) 2(8), 1-3 Article ID: 273 Snake gourd (Trichosanthes cucumerina ) – A Basketful of Bioactive Compounds and Health Benefits Poornima Singh* INTRODUCTION Trichosanthes cucumerina is a plant whose fruit is mainly Department of Bioengineering, Integral University, consumed as vegetable and is commonly known as Snake Lucknow-226026, Gourd, viper gourd, snake tomato or long tomatoes in many Uttar Pradesh, countries. It belongs to Cucurbitaceac family and is India commonly grown in Sri Lanka, India, Bangladesh, Nepal, Malaysia and Philippines. The name snake gourd is given due to its long, slender, twisted and elongated snake-like fruits. It is an annual vine climbing by means of tendrils (Mohammad Pessarakli, 2016). The soft-skinned immature fruit can reach up to 150 cm (59 in) in length. It’s soft, bland, somewhat mucilaginous flesh is similar to that of the luffa and the calabash. It is popular in the cuisines of South and Southeast Asia and is now grown in some home gardens in Africa. With some cultivars, the immature fruit has an unpleasant odor and a slightly bitter maturity, but it does contain a reddish pulp that is used in Africa as a substitute for tomatoes. The shoots, tendrils and leaves are also eaten as greens (Wayback Machine, 2013). *Corresponding Author Trichosanthes cucumerina falls under scientific classification Poornima Singh* of: E-mail: [email protected] Kingdom Plantea Division Magnoliophyta Class Mangoliopsida Order Curcubitales Family Cucurbitaceac Genus Trichosanthes Article History Species Cucumerina Received: 15. 07.2021 Revised: 24. 07.2021 Snake gourd is substituted for solanaceous tomato because of Accepted: 10.
    [Show full text]
  • A Journal on Taxonomic Botany, Plant Sociology and Ecology
    A JOURNAL ON TAXONOMIC BOTANY, LIPI PLANT SOCIOLOGY AND ECOLOGY 12(4) REINWARDTIA A JOURNAL ON TAXONOMIC BOTANY, PLANT SOCIOLOGY AND ECOLOGY Vol. 12(4): 261 - 337, 31 March 2008 Editors ELIZABETH A. WIDJAJA, MIEN A. RIFAI, SOEDARSONO RISWAN, JOHANIS P. MOGEA Correspondece on The Reinwardtia journal and subscriptions should be addressed to HERBARIUM BOGORIENSE, BIDANG BOTANI, PUSAT PENELITIAN BIOLOGI - LIPI, BOGOR, INDONESIA REINWARDTIA Vol 12, Part 4, pp: 267 - 274 MISCELLANEOUS SOUTH EAST ASIAN CUCURBIT NEWS Received September 7, 2007; accepted October 25, 2007. W.J.J.O. DE WILDE & B.E.E. DUYFJES Nationaal Herbarium Nederland, Universiteit Leiden Branch, P.O. Box 9514, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands. E-mail: [email protected] ABSTRACT DE WILDE, W.J.J.O. & DUYFES, B.E.E. 2008. Miscellaneous South East Asian cucurbit news. Reinwardtia 12(4): 267 – 274. –– This paper contains corrections, additions, and name changes in several genera, which became apparent since previous publications by the authors in these genera. (1) Baijiania A.M. Lu & J.Q. Li: a range-extension (2) Benincasa Savi: a name change (3) Diplocyclos (Endl.) T. Post & Kuntze: lectotypification of the synonym Ilocania pedata Merr. (4) Gymnopetalum Arn.: a name change, designation of two neotypes, a new record (5) Hodgsonia Hook. f. & Thomson: a new subspecies (6) Indomelothria W.J. de Wilde & Duyfjes: the largest fruits (7) Trichosanthes L.: three new varieties, a name change, amendments of fruit descriptionss, and a range-extension (8) Zehneria Endl.: a new species from Mindanao. Keywords: Cucurbitaceae, South East Asia. ABSTRAK DE WILDE, W.J.J.O.
    [Show full text]
  • Genetic Resources of the Genus Cucumis and Their Morphological Description (English-Czech Version)
    Genetic resources of the genus Cucumis and their morphological description (English-Czech version) E. KŘÍSTKOVÁ1, A. LEBEDA2, V. VINTER2, O. BLAHOUŠEK3 1Research Institute of Crop Production, Praha-Ruzyně, Division of Genetics and Plant Breeding, Department of Gene Bank, Workplace Olomouc, Olomouc-Holice, Czech Republic 2Palacký University, Faculty of Science, Department of Botany, Olomouc-Holice, Czech Republic 3Laboratory of Growth Regulators, Palacký University and Institute of Experimental Botany Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Olomouc-Holice, Czech Republic ABSTRACT: Czech collections of Cucumis spp. genetic resources includes 895 accessions of cultivated C. sativus and C. melo species and 89 accessions of wild species. Knowledge of their morphological and biological features and a correct taxonomical ranging serve a base for successful use of germplasm in modern breeding. List of morphological descriptors consists of 65 descriptors and 20 of them are elucidated by figures. It provides a tool for Cucumis species determination and characterization and for a discrimination of an infraspecific variation. Obtained data can be used for description of genetic resources and also for research purposes. Keywords: Cucurbitaceae; cucumber; melon; germplasm; data; descriptors; infraspecific variation; Cucumis spp.; wild Cucumis species Collections of Cucumis genetic resources include pollen grains and ovules, there are clear relation of this not only cultivated species C. sativus (cucumbers) taxon with the order Passiflorales (NOVÁK 1961). Based and C. melo (melons) but also wild Cucumis species. on latest knowledge of cytology, cytogenetics, phyto- Knowledge of their morphological and biological fea- chemistry and molecular genetics (PERL-TREVES et al. tures and a correct taxonomical ranging serve a base for 1985; RAAMSDONK et al.
    [Show full text]
  • A New Genus for Trichosanthes Amara, the Caribbean Sister Species of All Sicyeae
    Systematic Botany (2008), 33(2): pp. 349–355 © Copyright 2008 by the American Society of Plant Taxonomists Linnaeosicyos (Cucurbitaceae): a New Genus for Trichosanthes amara, the Caribbean Sister Species of all Sicyeae Hanno Schaefer, Alexander Kocyan, and Susanne S. Renner1 Systematic Botany, Department of Biology, University of Munich (LMU), Menzinger Strasse 67, D-80638 Munich, Germany 1Author for correspondence ([email protected]) Communicating Editor: Thomas A. Ranker Abstract—The Old World genus Trichosanthes has flowers with strikingly fringed petals, and Linnaeus therefore placed a species from Hispaniola that he only knew from an illustration (showing such fringed petals) in that genus. The species remained hidden from the attention of subsequent workers until acquiring new relevance in the context of molecular-biogeographic work on Cucurbitaceae. Based on molecular data, it is the sister to all Sicyeae, a New World clade of about 125 species in 16 genera. We here place this species in a new genus, Linnaeosicyos, describe and illustrate it, and discuss its phylogenetic context using molecular and morphological data. Judging from Dominican amber, elements of the flora of Hispaniola date back 15–20 my, and the occurrence on the island of at least five endemic species of Cucurbitaceae (Linnaeosicyos amara, Melothria domingensis, Sicana fragrans, and the sister species Anacaona sphaerica and Penelopeia suburceolata) points to its long occupation by Cucurbitaceae. Keywords—Flora of Hispaniola, fringed petals, lectotypification, Linnaeus, Plumier. With about 100 accepted species, Trichosanthes L. is the newly available collections, and discuss the implications of a largest genus of the family Cucurbitaceae (Rugayah and De Hispaniola taxon being sister to the Sicyeae.
    [Show full text]
  • Antioxidant and Nutritional Analysis of Edible Cucurbitaceae Vegetables Of
    International Journal of Bioassays ISSN: 2278-778X www.ijbio.com Research Article ANTOXIDANT AND NUTRITIONAL ANALYSIS OF EDIBLE CUCURBITACEAE VEGETABLES OF INDIA Chunduri JR Department of Biotechnology, Mithibai College of Arts, Chauhan Institute of Science & Amrutben Jivanlal College of commerce and Economics, Bhakti Vedanta Marg, Vile Parle (W), Mumbai-400063, India Received for publication: June 23, 2013; Accepted : July 17, 2013 Abstract: Nutrition related problems are on rise in the under developed and developing countries and require immediate attention. The physical and mental health of a person solely lies on the consumption of nutritious food. Vegetables are rich source of carbohydrates, proteins, vitamins, fats, and minerals and also good antioxidants. Momardica charantia (Descourt), Momardica dioica (Roxb) , Trichosanthes dioica (Roxb) and Coccinia indica (Wight & Arn) are considered for studying their nutritional composition by using standard analytical procedures due to their availability all over India. The proximate and ultimate analyses such as moisture, ash content, fats, proteins, reduced sugars, dietary fibres, minerals (Calcium, Magnesium, Iron and Phosphorus), vitamins ( folic acid and vitamin C) and total phenols have been assessed. Considerable variations have been noticed in their nutritive values, minerals (Calcium, Magnesium, Iron, Phosphorus) and vitamin C, Folic acid compositions. Good concentrations of Pectin (5.04g/100g), Magnesium (48.6mg/100g), and Vitamin C (16.6mg/100g) were observed in M. charantia and of fats (2.28g/100g) and Total phenols (2,15x10GAE/l) in M. dioica . T. dioica had high concentration of minerals such as Iron (218mg/100g), and Calcium (115.7x10mg/100g) and good concentrations of protein (1.17g/100g). High concentrations of Phosphorous (24.11mg/100g) were observed in C.
    [Show full text]
  • Chemical Constituents of the Genus Trichosanthes (Cucurbitaceae) and Their Biological Activities: a Review
    R EVIEW ARTICLE doi: 10.2306/scienceasia1513-1874.2021.S012 Chemical constituents of the genus Trichosanthes (Cucurbitaceae) and their biological activities: A review Wachirachai Pabuprapap, Apichart Suksamrarn∗ Department of Chemistry and Center of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Ramkhamhaeng University, Bangkok 10240 Thailand ∗Corresponding author, e-mail: [email protected], [email protected] Received 11 May 2021 Accepted 31 May 2021 ABSTRACT: Trichosanthes is one of the largest genera in the Cucurbitaceae family. It is constantly used in traditional medications to cure diverse human diseases and is also utilized as ingredients in some food recipes. It is enriched with a diversity of phytochemicals and a wide range of biological activities. The major chemical constituents in this plant genus are steroids, triterpenoids and flavonoids. This review covers the different types of chemical constituents and their biological activities from the Trichosanthes plants. KEYWORDS: Trichosanthes, Cucurbitaceae, phytochemistry, chemical constituent, biological activity INTRODUCTION Cucurbitaceae plants are widely used in traditional medicines for a variety of ailments, especially in Natural products have long been and will continue the ayurvedic and Chinese medicines, including to be extremely important as the most promising treatments against gonorrhoea, ulcers, respiratory source of biologically active compounds for the diseases, jaundice, syphilis, scabies, constipation, treatment of human and animal illness and
    [Show full text]
  • Section 3441. Guava Fruit Fly State Interior Quarantine
    Section 3441. Bactrocera correcta (Guava Fruit Fly) State Interior Quarantine A quarantine is established against the following pest, its hosts, and possible carriers: A. Pest. Guava Fruit Fly (Bactrocera correcta). B. Area Under Quarantine. 1. An area shall be designated as under quarantine when survey results indicate an infestation is present, the Department has defined the infested area and the local California County Agricultural Commissioner(s) is notified and requests the quarantine area be established. The Department shall also provide electronic and/or written notification of the area designation(s) to other California County Agricultural Commissioners and other interested or affected parties and post the area description to its website at: www.cdfa.ca.gov/plant/gff/regulation.html. An interested party may also go to the above website and elect to receive automatic notifications of any changes in quarantine areas through the list serve option. 2. An infestation is present when: a. In urban areas, either eggs, a larva, a pupa, a mated female or eight or more adult guava fruit flies of either sex are detected within three miles of each other and within one life cycle, and all detections shall be more than 4.5 miles from any commercial host production area; or b. In rural or commercial host production areas, either eggs, a larva, a pupa, a mated female or six or more adult guava fruit flies of either sex are detected within three miles of each other and within one life cycle; ore c. Satellite infestations: a detection of a single life stage of guava fruit fly within any established quarantine area may be considered a satellite infestation and may be used as the epicenter using an additional 4.5 mile radius surrounding the detection to expand the quarantine area.
    [Show full text]