Trichosanthes Dioica Roxb.: an Overview
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(Cucurbitaceae), Hodgsonia Is the Hodgsoniinae C. Jeffrey, Subfamily
BLUMEA 46 (2001) 169-179 Taxonomy of Hodgsonia (Cucurbitaceae), with a note on the ovules and seeds W.J.J.O. de Wilde & B.E.E. Duyfjes Nationaal Herbarium Nederland, Universiteit Leiden branch, P.O. Box 9514, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands Summary for Hodgsonia, ranging from NE India through S China to Java and Borneo, was a long time con- sidered as monotypic, but there are two (and possibly three) species, demarcated at the Isthmus of Kra in S Thailand. The ‘seeds’ should be condition known few, woody regarded as pyrenes, a not elsewhere in the family Cucurbitaceae. words Flora of SE Key . Asia, Cucurbitaceae, Hodgsonia,placentation, pyrenes. Introduction Hodgsonia is the only genus in the subtribe Hodgsoniinae C. Jeffrey, tribe Trichosan- theae C. Jeffrey, subfamily Cucurbitoideae(Jeffrey, 1962). The subtribe is definedby having 12 ovules, in 6 collateralpairs, the seeds connate in pairs, one of a pair usually smallerand with an abortive embryo. The connate seeds form large seed-like pyrenes. Within the tribe, Hodgsonia is also palynologically distinct (Khunwasi, 1998). Hodgsonia contains two species as presented here, both with edible oil in their seeds There has been confusion the (Burkill, 1935; Hu, 1964). on delimitation, name, and range of the two species, to such an extent that in practically all literaturethe con- cept ofthe used species names is contaminated.The history of the genusand the des- ignation of its various species names has been related by Hu (1964). The two currently accepted species appear to occupy different, adjacent areas in SE Asia. Theirdistribu- tions are distinct and meet somewhere in the area of S Tenasserim in S Myanmar or line the Isthmus of Kra in S Thailand, but the precise demarcation is as yet unknown because of insufficient collectionsfrom that area. -
The Genus Trichosanthes L. (Cucurbitaceae) in Thailand
THAI FOR. BULL. (BOT.) 32: 76–109. 2004. The genus Trichosanthes L. (Cucurbitaceae) in Thailand BRIGITTA E.E. DUYFJES*& KANCHANA PRUESAPAN** ABSTRACT. Trichosanthes (Cucurbitaceae) in Thailand comprises 17 species, seven of which have been described as new here: T. dolichosperma Duyfjes & Pruesapan, T. erosa Duyfjes & Pruesapan, T. inthanonensis Duyfjes & Pruesapan, T. kostermansii Duyfjes & Pruesapan, T. pallida Duyfjes & Pruesapan, T. phonsenae Duyfjes & Pruesapan, and T. siamensis Duyfjes & Pruesapan. Two new subspecific entities have been described: T. pubera Blume subsp. rubriflos (Cayla) Duyfjes & Pruesapan var. fissisepala Duyfjes & Pruesapan, and T. tricuspidata Lour. subsp. javanica Duyfjes & Pruesapan. A key to taxa, descriptions with distributional and ecological data and illustrations are presented. INTRODUCTION The results of the present revision of Trichosanthes will form part of the forthcoming treatment of the family Cucurbitaceae for the Flora of Thailand. Trichosanthes is an Asian genus, extending eastward to Australia. Within the Cucurbitaceae of Thailand, as well as for the whole of Southeast Asia, it is the largest genus, with 17 species in Thailand, and more than 100 species in all. It is a difficult genus, not because the species are unclear, but the herbaria materials are generally insufficient because the species are dioecious, the fragile corollas which bloom at night are difficult to collect, to preserve and to study, and the fruiting collections (fruits are quite often collected) at first sight show little relation to the flowering specimens. Trichosanthes is known as medicinal, and has recently received comparatively much taxonomic attention in China (Yueh & Cheng, 1974, 1980). The genus has been revised for India by Chakravarty (1959), for Cambodia, Laos and Vietnam by Keraudren (1975), and for the Malesian area by Rugayah & De Wilde (1997, 1999) and Rugayah (1999). -
Snake Gourd and Pointed Gourd: Botany and Horticulture
9 Snake Gourd and Pointed Gourd: Botany and Horticulture L. K. Bharathi Central Horticultural Experiment Station Bhubaneswar 751019, Odisha, India T. K. Behera and A. K. Sureja Division of Vegetable Science Indian Agricultural Research Institute New Delhi 110012, India K. Joseph John National Bureau of Plant Genetic Resources KAU (P.O.), Thrissur 680656, Kerala, India Todd C. Wehner Department of Horticultural Science North Carolina State University Raleigh, North Carolina 27695-7609, USA ABSTRACT Trichosanthes is the largest genus of the family Cucurbitaceae. Its center of diversity exists in southern and eastern Asia from India to Taiwan, The Philippines, Japan, and Australia, Fiji, and Pacific Islands. Two species, T. cucumerina (snake gourd) and T. dioica (pointed gourd), are widely cultivated in tropical regions, mainly for the culinary use of their immature fruit. The fruit of these two species are good sources of minerals and dietary fiber. Despite their economic importance and nutritive values, not much effort has been invested toward genetic improvement of these crops. Only recently efforts have been directed toward systematic improvement strategies of these crops in India. Horticultural Reviews, Volume 41, First Edition. Edited by Jules Janick. Ó 2013 Wiley-Blackwell. Published 2013 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc. 457 458 L. K. BHARATHI ET AL. KEYWORDS: cucurbits; Trichosanthes; Trichosanthes cucumerina; Tricho- santhes dioica I. INTRODUCTION II. THE GENUS TRICHOSANTES A. Origin and Distribution B. Taxonomy C. Cytogenetics D. Medicinal Use III. SNAKE GOURD A. Quality Attributes and Human Nutrition B. Reproductive Biology C. Ecology D. Culture 1. Propagation 2. Nutrient Management 3. Water Management 4. Training 5. Weed Management 6. -
Hypoglycemic Effects of Trichosanthes Kirilowii and Its Protein Constituent
Lo et al. BMC Complementary and Alternative Medicine (2017) 17:53 DOI 10.1186/s12906-017-1578-6 RESEARCHARTICLE Open Access Hypoglycemic effects of Trichosanthes kirilowii and its protein constituent in diabetic mice: the involvement of insulin receptor pathway Hsin-Yi Lo1, Tsai-Chung Li2, Tse-Yen Yang3, Chia-Cheng Li1, Jen-Huai Chiang4, Chien-Yun Hsiang5* and Tin-Yun Ho1,6* Abstract Background: Diabetes is a serious chronic metabolic disorder. Trichosanthes kirilowii Maxim. (TK) is traditionally used for the treatment of diabetes in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM). However, the clinical application of TK on diabetic patients and the hypoglycemic efficacies of TK are still unclear. Methods: A retrospective cohort study was conducted to analyze the usage of Chinese herbs in patients with type 2 diabetes in Taiwan. Glucose tolerance test was performed to analyze the hypoglycemic effect of TK. Proteomic approach was performed to identify the protein constituents of TK. Insulin receptor (IR) kinase activity assay and glucose tolerance tests in diabetic mice were further used to elucidate the hypoglycemic mechanisms and efficacies of TK. Results: By a retrospective cohort study, we found that TK was the most frequently used Chinese medicinal herb in type 2 diabetic patients in Taiwan. Oral administration of aqueous extract of TK displayed hypoglycemic effects in a dose-dependent manner in mice. An abundant novel TK protein (TKP) was further identified by proteomic approach. TKP interacted with IR by docking analysis and activated the kinase activity of IR. In addition, TKP enhanced the clearance of glucose in diabetic mice in a dose-dependent manner. -
Are Supplements Supplemented? Evaluating the Composition of Complementary and Alternative Medicines Using Mass Spectrometry and Metabolomics
Are supplements supplemented? Evaluating the composition of complementary and alternative medicines using mass spectrometry and metabolomics By Elly Gwyn Crighton BForensics in Forensic Biology & Toxicology (First Class Honours) BSc in Molecular Biology & Biomedical Science This thesis is presented for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy Perth, Western Australia at Murdoch University 2020 Declaration I declare that: i. The thesis is my own account of my research, except where other sources are acknowledged. ii. The extent to which the work of others has been used is clearly stated in each chapter and certified by my supervisors. iii. The thesis contains as its main content, work that has not been previously submitted for a degree at any other university. i Abstract The complementary and alternative medicines (CAM) industry is worth over US$110 billion globally. Products are available to consumers with little medical advice; with many assuming that such products are ‘natural’ and therefore safe. However, with adulterated, contaminated and fraudulent products reported on overseas markets, consumers may be placing their health at risk. Previous studies into product content have reported undeclared plant materials, ingredient substitution, adulteration and contamination. However, no large-scale, independent audit of CAM has been undertaken to demonstrate these problems in Australia. This study aimed to investigate the content and quality of CAM products on the Australian market. 135 products were analysed using a combination of next-generation DNA sequencing and liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. Nearly 50% of products tested had contamination issues, in terms of DNA, chemical composition or both. 5% of the samples contained undeclared pharmaceuticals. -
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Available online: www.notulaebotanicae.ro Print ISSN 0255-965X; Electronic 1842-4309 Not Bot Horti Agrobo, 2019, 47(3):722-728. DOI:10.15835/nbha47311450 Original Article Optimization of a Rapid Propagation System for Mass Production of High-Quality Plantlets of Trichosanthes kirilowii cv. ‘Yuelou-2’ via Organogenesis Jin-Jin CHEN, Yuan-Shan ZHANG, Xiao-Dong CAI* Yangtze University, College of Horticulture and Gardening, Jingzhou, Hubei 434025, China; [email protected]; [email protected]; [email protected] (*corresponding author) Abstract Trichosanthes kirilowii Maxim is a perennial plant possessing great medicinal and edible value. In this study, an efficient rapid propagation system was developed for in vitro production of high-quality plantlets of T. kirilowii cv. ‘Yuelou-2’ via organogenesis. Shoots were established from the nodal stems of this plant by cultured on Murashige and Skoog (MS) basal medium containing different concentrations of naphthalene acetic acid (NAA), indole-3-butyric acid (IBA) and 6- 4 -1 benzyladenine (6-BA) according to a L9 (3 ) orthogonal array design. MS medium supplemented with 0.5 mg l 6-BA alone conferred significant enhancement of shoot induction and development by variance and statistical analysis of shoot induction frequency, shoot length, as well as lateral shoot number and total node number per explant. Rooting percentage, root morphological characteristics, plantlet survival rate, as well as plantlet growth performance in vitro and ex vitro were comprehensively assessed, and results showed that the addition of 1.0 mg l-1 NAA to 1/2 MS medium was the most responsive for root induction and production of high-quality plantlets from the regenerated shoots. -
Trichosanthes Cucumerina ) – a Basketful of Bioactive Compounds and Health Benefits
Available online at ISSN: 2582 – 7022 www.agrospheresmagazine.com Agrospheres:e-Newsletter, (2021) 2(8), 1-3 Article ID: 273 Snake gourd (Trichosanthes cucumerina ) – A Basketful of Bioactive Compounds and Health Benefits Poornima Singh* INTRODUCTION Trichosanthes cucumerina is a plant whose fruit is mainly Department of Bioengineering, Integral University, consumed as vegetable and is commonly known as Snake Lucknow-226026, Gourd, viper gourd, snake tomato or long tomatoes in many Uttar Pradesh, countries. It belongs to Cucurbitaceac family and is India commonly grown in Sri Lanka, India, Bangladesh, Nepal, Malaysia and Philippines. The name snake gourd is given due to its long, slender, twisted and elongated snake-like fruits. It is an annual vine climbing by means of tendrils (Mohammad Pessarakli, 2016). The soft-skinned immature fruit can reach up to 150 cm (59 in) in length. It’s soft, bland, somewhat mucilaginous flesh is similar to that of the luffa and the calabash. It is popular in the cuisines of South and Southeast Asia and is now grown in some home gardens in Africa. With some cultivars, the immature fruit has an unpleasant odor and a slightly bitter maturity, but it does contain a reddish pulp that is used in Africa as a substitute for tomatoes. The shoots, tendrils and leaves are also eaten as greens (Wayback Machine, 2013). *Corresponding Author Trichosanthes cucumerina falls under scientific classification Poornima Singh* of: E-mail: [email protected] Kingdom Plantea Division Magnoliophyta Class Mangoliopsida Order Curcubitales Family Cucurbitaceac Genus Trichosanthes Article History Species Cucumerina Received: 15. 07.2021 Revised: 24. 07.2021 Snake gourd is substituted for solanaceous tomato because of Accepted: 10. -
Revising the Taxonomic Distribution, Origin and Evolution of Ribosome Inactivating Protein Genes
Revising the Taxonomic Distribution, Origin and Evolution of Ribosome Inactivating Protein Genes Walter J. Lapadula1,Marı´a Virginia Sa´nchez Puerta2, Maximiliano Juri Ayub1* 1 A´ rea de Biologı´a Molecular, Departamento de Bioquı´mica y Ciencias Biolo´gicas, UNSL and Instituto Multidisciplinario de Investigaciones Biolo´gicas de San Luis (IMIBIO- SL-CONICET), San Luis, Argentina, 2 Instituto de Ciencias Ba´sicas, IBAM-CONICET and Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias, Universidad Nacional de Cuyo, Mendoza, Argentina Abstract Ribosome inactivating proteins are enzymes that depurinate a specific adenine residue in the alpha-sarcin-ricin loop of the large ribosomal RNA, being ricin and Shiga toxins the most renowned examples. They are widely distributed in plants and their presence has also been confirmed in a few bacterial species. According to this taxonomic distribution, the current model about the origin and evolution of RIP genes postulates that an ancestral RIP domain was originated in flowering plants, and later acquired by some bacteria via horizontal gene transfer. Here, we unequivocally detected the presence of RIP genes in fungi and metazoa. These findings, along with sequence and phylogenetic analyses, led us to propose an alternative, more parsimonious, hypothesis about the origin and evolutionary history of the RIP domain, where several paralogous RIP genes were already present before the three domains of life evolved. This model is in agreement with the current idea of the Last Universal Common Ancestor (LUCA) as a complex, genetically redundant organism. Differential loss of paralogous genes in descendants of LUCA, rather than multiple horizontal gene transfer events, could account for the complex pattern of RIP genes across extant species, as it has been observed for other genes. -
A Journal on Taxonomic Botany, Plant Sociology and Ecology
A JOURNAL ON TAXONOMIC BOTANY, LIPI PLANT SOCIOLOGY AND ECOLOGY 12(4) REINWARDTIA A JOURNAL ON TAXONOMIC BOTANY, PLANT SOCIOLOGY AND ECOLOGY Vol. 12(4): 261 - 337, 31 March 2008 Editors ELIZABETH A. WIDJAJA, MIEN A. RIFAI, SOEDARSONO RISWAN, JOHANIS P. MOGEA Correspondece on The Reinwardtia journal and subscriptions should be addressed to HERBARIUM BOGORIENSE, BIDANG BOTANI, PUSAT PENELITIAN BIOLOGI - LIPI, BOGOR, INDONESIA REINWARDTIA Vol 12, Part 4, pp: 267 - 274 MISCELLANEOUS SOUTH EAST ASIAN CUCURBIT NEWS Received September 7, 2007; accepted October 25, 2007. W.J.J.O. DE WILDE & B.E.E. DUYFJES Nationaal Herbarium Nederland, Universiteit Leiden Branch, P.O. Box 9514, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands. E-mail: [email protected] ABSTRACT DE WILDE, W.J.J.O. & DUYFES, B.E.E. 2008. Miscellaneous South East Asian cucurbit news. Reinwardtia 12(4): 267 – 274. –– This paper contains corrections, additions, and name changes in several genera, which became apparent since previous publications by the authors in these genera. (1) Baijiania A.M. Lu & J.Q. Li: a range-extension (2) Benincasa Savi: a name change (3) Diplocyclos (Endl.) T. Post & Kuntze: lectotypification of the synonym Ilocania pedata Merr. (4) Gymnopetalum Arn.: a name change, designation of two neotypes, a new record (5) Hodgsonia Hook. f. & Thomson: a new subspecies (6) Indomelothria W.J. de Wilde & Duyfjes: the largest fruits (7) Trichosanthes L.: three new varieties, a name change, amendments of fruit descriptionss, and a range-extension (8) Zehneria Endl.: a new species from Mindanao. Keywords: Cucurbitaceae, South East Asia. ABSTRAK DE WILDE, W.J.J.O. -
Genetic Resources of the Genus Cucumis and Their Morphological Description (English-Czech Version)
Genetic resources of the genus Cucumis and their morphological description (English-Czech version) E. KŘÍSTKOVÁ1, A. LEBEDA2, V. VINTER2, O. BLAHOUŠEK3 1Research Institute of Crop Production, Praha-Ruzyně, Division of Genetics and Plant Breeding, Department of Gene Bank, Workplace Olomouc, Olomouc-Holice, Czech Republic 2Palacký University, Faculty of Science, Department of Botany, Olomouc-Holice, Czech Republic 3Laboratory of Growth Regulators, Palacký University and Institute of Experimental Botany Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Olomouc-Holice, Czech Republic ABSTRACT: Czech collections of Cucumis spp. genetic resources includes 895 accessions of cultivated C. sativus and C. melo species and 89 accessions of wild species. Knowledge of their morphological and biological features and a correct taxonomical ranging serve a base for successful use of germplasm in modern breeding. List of morphological descriptors consists of 65 descriptors and 20 of them are elucidated by figures. It provides a tool for Cucumis species determination and characterization and for a discrimination of an infraspecific variation. Obtained data can be used for description of genetic resources and also for research purposes. Keywords: Cucurbitaceae; cucumber; melon; germplasm; data; descriptors; infraspecific variation; Cucumis spp.; wild Cucumis species Collections of Cucumis genetic resources include pollen grains and ovules, there are clear relation of this not only cultivated species C. sativus (cucumbers) taxon with the order Passiflorales (NOVÁK 1961). Based and C. melo (melons) but also wild Cucumis species. on latest knowledge of cytology, cytogenetics, phyto- Knowledge of their morphological and biological fea- chemistry and molecular genetics (PERL-TREVES et al. tures and a correct taxonomical ranging serve a base for 1985; RAAMSDONK et al. -
A New Genus for Trichosanthes Amara, the Caribbean Sister Species of All Sicyeae
Systematic Botany (2008), 33(2): pp. 349–355 © Copyright 2008 by the American Society of Plant Taxonomists Linnaeosicyos (Cucurbitaceae): a New Genus for Trichosanthes amara, the Caribbean Sister Species of all Sicyeae Hanno Schaefer, Alexander Kocyan, and Susanne S. Renner1 Systematic Botany, Department of Biology, University of Munich (LMU), Menzinger Strasse 67, D-80638 Munich, Germany 1Author for correspondence ([email protected]) Communicating Editor: Thomas A. Ranker Abstract—The Old World genus Trichosanthes has flowers with strikingly fringed petals, and Linnaeus therefore placed a species from Hispaniola that he only knew from an illustration (showing such fringed petals) in that genus. The species remained hidden from the attention of subsequent workers until acquiring new relevance in the context of molecular-biogeographic work on Cucurbitaceae. Based on molecular data, it is the sister to all Sicyeae, a New World clade of about 125 species in 16 genera. We here place this species in a new genus, Linnaeosicyos, describe and illustrate it, and discuss its phylogenetic context using molecular and morphological data. Judging from Dominican amber, elements of the flora of Hispaniola date back 15–20 my, and the occurrence on the island of at least five endemic species of Cucurbitaceae (Linnaeosicyos amara, Melothria domingensis, Sicana fragrans, and the sister species Anacaona sphaerica and Penelopeia suburceolata) points to its long occupation by Cucurbitaceae. Keywords—Flora of Hispaniola, fringed petals, lectotypification, Linnaeus, Plumier. With about 100 accepted species, Trichosanthes L. is the newly available collections, and discuss the implications of a largest genus of the family Cucurbitaceae (Rugayah and De Hispaniola taxon being sister to the Sicyeae. -
Antioxidant and Nutritional Analysis of Edible Cucurbitaceae Vegetables Of
International Journal of Bioassays ISSN: 2278-778X www.ijbio.com Research Article ANTOXIDANT AND NUTRITIONAL ANALYSIS OF EDIBLE CUCURBITACEAE VEGETABLES OF INDIA Chunduri JR Department of Biotechnology, Mithibai College of Arts, Chauhan Institute of Science & Amrutben Jivanlal College of commerce and Economics, Bhakti Vedanta Marg, Vile Parle (W), Mumbai-400063, India Received for publication: June 23, 2013; Accepted : July 17, 2013 Abstract: Nutrition related problems are on rise in the under developed and developing countries and require immediate attention. The physical and mental health of a person solely lies on the consumption of nutritious food. Vegetables are rich source of carbohydrates, proteins, vitamins, fats, and minerals and also good antioxidants. Momardica charantia (Descourt), Momardica dioica (Roxb) , Trichosanthes dioica (Roxb) and Coccinia indica (Wight & Arn) are considered for studying their nutritional composition by using standard analytical procedures due to their availability all over India. The proximate and ultimate analyses such as moisture, ash content, fats, proteins, reduced sugars, dietary fibres, minerals (Calcium, Magnesium, Iron and Phosphorus), vitamins ( folic acid and vitamin C) and total phenols have been assessed. Considerable variations have been noticed in their nutritive values, minerals (Calcium, Magnesium, Iron, Phosphorus) and vitamin C, Folic acid compositions. Good concentrations of Pectin (5.04g/100g), Magnesium (48.6mg/100g), and Vitamin C (16.6mg/100g) were observed in M. charantia and of fats (2.28g/100g) and Total phenols (2,15x10GAE/l) in M. dioica . T. dioica had high concentration of minerals such as Iron (218mg/100g), and Calcium (115.7x10mg/100g) and good concentrations of protein (1.17g/100g). High concentrations of Phosphorous (24.11mg/100g) were observed in C.