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Open Final Thesis.Pdf The Pennsylvania State University The Graduate School College of Arts and Architecture A CASE STUDY OF OVERALL HISTORIC CHARACTER AND PRESERVATION INITIATIVES: OLEY TOWNSHIP HISTORIC DISTRICT, BERKS COUNTY, PA A Thesis in Landscape Architecture by Zachary L. Pyle 2012 Zachary L. Pyle Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Master of Science August 2012 The thesis of Zachary L. Pyle was reviewed and approved* by the following: Cecilia Rusnak Associate Professor of Landscape Architecture Thesis Adviser Caru Bowns Assistant Professor of Landscape Architecture Thomas Yahner Associate Professor of Landscape Architecture Charles Andrew Cole Associate Professor of Landscape Architecture Graduate Coordinator *Signatures are on file in the Graduate School ii ABSTRACT As one of the first historic districts to cover an entire township, Oley Township Historic District in Berks County, Pennsylvania was nominated for inclusion in the National Register in 1982. Through the years since its nomination, local residents and organizations have established a variety of measures to ensure the preservation of Oley’s historic character. While other historic areas in Pennsylvania suffer from uncontrolled suburban sprawl and industrial development, Oley has engaged zoning regulations, farmland preservation programs, and its local residents. In effect, the township exhibits an intact and discernible historic landscape. The goal of this research is to broadly examine Oley’s historic resources in terms of their existence at the present date and connect this continued existence to specific preservation initiatives at the township and county level. This research identifies what factors have contributed to Oley’s intact historic state and suggests how other areas can borrow or learn from this case study. Specific areas covered include local zoning ordinances, farmland preservation initiatives, comprehensive planning, and community involvement. The study of rural historic districts holds special significance to historic preservation because there is a need for a deeper understanding of landscape and cultural dynamics, management techniques, and most of all, the extent to which current preservation strategies have proven effective (Melnick 2008). Oley township residents, as well as several outside agencies and concerned individuals, have implemented many different conservation and preservation strategies within the township, but how have these impacted the historic landscape in Oley? While it’s apparent Oley has retained its historic character, how did this happen when neighboring townships seem to have favored development over protecting historic character? iii TABLE OF CONTENTS LIST OF FIGURES ............................................................................................................... vii LIST OF TABLES ................................................................................................................. viii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS .................................................................................................. ix Chapter 1 Introduction......................................................................................................... 1 Introduction ...................................................................................................................... 1 Research Intent ................................................................................................................. 3 Significance of Research .................................................................................................. 3 Key Definitions ................................................................................................................ 4 Document Structure ......................................................................................................... 6 Chapter 2 Historic Preservation Background and Literature Review ............................ 7 Introduction ...................................................................................................................... 7 Early Roots of Historic Preservation ................................................................................ 7 Historic Preservation in the National Spotlight ............................................................... 9 The National Historic Preservation Act of 1966 .............................................................. 10 The National Register Nomination Process and Structure ............................................... 12 The National Register and Historic Landscapes .............................................................. 13 Rural Historic Districts in the National Register ............................................................. 14 Historic Landscapes Research and Literature .................................................................. 16 Preservation Values .......................................................................................................... 19 Research Gaps .................................................................................................................. 20 iv Chapter 3 Research Methods ............................................................................................... 21 Introduction ...................................................................................................................... 21 Selection of the Research Area ........................................................................................ 21 Ebey’s Landing National Historical Reserve Case Study ................................................ 23 Structure ........................................................................................................................... 26 Phase I: Project Development ......................................................................................... 27 Significant Historic Characteristics found in Oley Township ......................................... 28 Oley Township Land Use ......................................................................................... 28 Oley Township Vegetation Related to Land Use ..................................................... 29 Oley Township Buildings, Structures, and Objects ................................................. 29 Oley Township Circulation ...................................................................................... 30 Oley Township Boundaries ...................................................................................... 30 Phase II: Preservation Strategies ...................................................................................... 31 Limitations ....................................................................................................................... 31 Chapter 4 Part I: Project Background ............................................................................... 33 Introduction ...................................................................................................................... 33 Pennsylvania Rural Historic Districts .............................................................................. 33 Oley’s National Register Nomination .............................................................................. 36 Significance ...................................................................................................................... 38 Oley’s Historic Characteristics Identified in the National Register Nomination ............. 40 Settlement and Religion ........................................................................................... 40 Agriculture ............................................................................................................... 43 v Industry .................................................................................................................... 47 Oley’s National Register Nomination and its Cultural Landscape Content ..................... 52 Oley Township Today ...................................................................................................... 53 Summary .......................................................................................................................... 59 Chapter 5 Part II: Preservation Strategies ......................................................................... 60 Introduction ...................................................................................................................... 60 Oley Township 1984 Planning Study and Comprehensive Plan ...................................... 60 2009 Joint Comprehensive Plan ....................................................................................... 62 Zoning Ordinances ........................................................................................................... 64 Overview of Oley Ordinances .................................................................................. 64 Farmland Preservation ..................................................................................................... 76 County Level ............................................................................................................ 76 Agricultural Preservation in Oley Township ............................................................ 77 Summary .......................................................................................................................... 77 Other Factors in Preserving Oley’s Historic Landscape .................................................
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