Meyer, Birgit, and Terje Stordalen. "Figures." Figurations and Sensations of the Unseen in Judaism, and Islam: Contested Desires. London: Bloomsbury Academic, 2019. vii–x. Bloomsbury Studies in Material Religion. Bloomsbury Collections. Web. 1 Oct. 2021. <>.

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Copyright © Birgit Meyer, Terje Stordalen and Contributors. This Work is licensed under the Creative Commons License. 2019. You may share this work for non-commercial purposes only, provided you give attribution to the copyright holder and the publisher, and provide a link to the Creative Commons licence. Figures

1.1a, b Reconstructions of (a) the front (opening to the east) and (b) the fl oor plan of the Solomonic Temple as imagined in 1 Kings 6–8 29 1.2 Relief on the Sarcophagus of Ahiram, King of Byblos (Phoenicia), around 1000 bce 30 2.1 Madhu Khazanad, ‘Plato puts the animals to sleep with the music of the spheres’, from a 1593–5 manuscript of the Iskandarnameh (1194) from the Khamsa by Nizami of Ganj 38 3.1a Th e Adoration of the , Nicholas Poussin, 1633–4 60 3.1b Dance around the Golden Calf , Emil Nolde, 1910 60 3.2 Agnus dei , Francisco de Zurbará n, 1635–40 67 3.3 Der Gö tze Moloch mit 7 Rä umen oder Capellen, 1738 68 3.4 Th e Worship of the Golden Calf by a follower of Filippino Lippi (1457–1504) 73 4.1a, b Screenshots from ‘Black Magic Woman’, performed by Azizaa 94 4.2 By All Means Will Die , Kwame Akoto ‘Almighty’ 96 5.1a Enthroned on the bifacial seal of Elishama’ ben Gedalyahu, c. seventh century bce 107 5.1b Bronze fi gurine of a sitting god from Hazor Str. XI, eleventh/ tenth century bce 107 5.1c Pair of male and female hybrid fi gures on an ink drawing on Pithos A from Kuntillet Ajrud, c. 800 bce 107 5.1d Terracotta group showing a bearded god enthroned, a stone erected in front of him, and an unbearded (female?) fi gure standing at his right, fl anked by two quadrupeds. Judah, late eighth century bce 107 5.1e Two divine (?) fi gures, situated in a mountainous area, eighth-century-bce incised pottery sherd from 107 5.2a Anthropomorphic deities standing on bulls, as represented on stamp seals from eight-century-bce Samaria 109 5.2b Engraved bronze plaque showing a worshipper facing a long- robed, winged deity standing on a bull; Tel Dan, eighth century bce 109 viii Figures

5.2c Bronze statue of a bull from a rural sanctuary in the Samarian hill country, c. eleventh century bce 109 5.3a Enthroned god (labelled ‘Zeus’, possibly referring to Samarian Yahweh) on the obverse of a bronze obole from the /Shechem area, fourth century bce 116 5.3b Male god sitting on a winged wheel on the reverse of a Yehud silver drachm of unknown provenance, fourth century bce 116 6.1a Sarajevo Haggadah, ca. 1350 ce. and eating the and being expelled from the garden (Genesis 3) 126 6.1b Sarajevo Haggadah, two pictures concluding the story of the fl ood and (Genesis 6–8) 126 6.1c Sarajevo Haggadah, opening the story of and his brothers; Joseph having a dream and telling it to his father (Genesis 37) 126 7.1 as a young boy is recognized as a prophet by the Christian monk Bahira, Rashid al-Din, Jami‘ al-Tawarikh (Compendium of Chronicles), Tabriz, Iran, 1307–8 ce 136 7.2 Th e Prophet Muhammad, accompanied by soldiers and mercenary , embarks on his campaign against the ‘, Rashid al-Din, Jami‘ al-Tawarikh (Compendium of Chronicles), Tabriz, Iran, 1314 ce 139 7.3 Th e Prophet Muhammad ascends through the heavens on the back of his human-headed fl ying horse, named al-Buraq, and accompanied by angelic troops as he approaches an opening in the sky, Nizami, Makhzan al-Asrar (Th e Treasury of Secrets), Tabriz, Iran, 1505 ce 142 7.4 Th e Prophet Muhammad ascends through the heavens on the back of al-Buraq, as he approaches an opening in the sky pulled apart by an in the upper left corner, Jami,Yusuf va Zulaykha (Joseph and ’s Wife), Qazvin, Iran, ca. 1550–1600 ce 144 7.5 Th e Prophet Muhammad kneels as he speaks to God, represented as a large fl aming bundle, Jami, Yusuf va Zulaykha (Joseph and Potiphar’s Wife), Qazvin or Shiraz, Iran, 1570–1 ce 146 7.6 Th e Prophet Muhammad genufl ects in the highest heaven while in the gold-and-red presence of God, anonymous, Mi‘rajnama (Book of Ascension), probably Herat, modern-day Afghanistan, ca. 1436–7 ce 150 8.1 Map of Hatay 156 Figures ix

8.2 Wish Tree at the Meryem Ana Makamı in İ skenderun, 2015 159 8.3 Meryem Ana Evi in Antakya, 2012 160 8.4 Miraculous Icon of Meryem Ana in Antakya, 2012 161 8.5 Miraculous Icon of Meryem Ana with the Hand of Fatima in Antakya, 2015 162 8.6 Orthodox Christian woman venerating the Miraculous Icon in Antakya, 2015 164 9.1 Th e Prophet Muhammad’s Mi’raj, Seyed Davar Kiya Shrine, Lahijan, Iran, 1997 178 9.2 Imam Hoseyn holding his infant son Ali-Asghar in his arm while preparing for the fi nal battle, Aqa Seyed Ibrahim Shrine, Babajan Dareh, Lahijan, Iran, 1997 179 9.3 Passing the Sirat Bridge, Aqa Seyed Ali Shrine, Mot‘alegh Mahaleh, Lahijan, Iran, 1997 179 9.4 Front-door mural painting Seyed Ali Kiya Shrine, Rankouh, Lahijan, Iran, 1997 180 9.5 Lion guarding decapitated bodies, one of the episodes of the Battle of , Aqa Seyed Muhammad Shrine, Pincha, Astaneh Ashrafi yeh, Iran, 1997 181 10.1a Women carrying shiraa , around 1900 189 10.1b Woman with face mask, Zanzibar, 1905 189 10.2 Sultan Sayyid Said, Fort , Mombasa 191 10.3a, b Bakor Studio, Lamu, c. 1970 195 10.4 Bakor Studio, Lamu, c. 1970 196 11.1 Icon of the Hieromartyr Nikolai Riurikov. Tsarevokokshaisk workshop, 2007 207 11.2a, b Father Riurikov, early (a) and late (b) photo 208 12.1 Ponte Sant’Angelo and Hadrian’s mausoleum, Rome 217 12.2 Th e angel with the superscription I.N.R.I., Ponte Sant’Angelo, Rome 218 12.3 Overview from St. ’s basilica towards Ponte Sant’Angelo and Hadrian’s mausoleum, Rome 221 12.4 Th e baldachin and the papal altar, St. Peter’s basilica, Rome 224 12.5 Th e Cathedra, St. Peter’s basilica, Rome 226 13.1 Th e Deluge. Visions of the End of the World , Leonardo da Vinci, 1514–15 232 x Figures

13.2 Th e 14 pictures from Th e Stations of the Cross , Barnett Newman, 1958–66 238 13.3 Th e First Station of the Cross , Barnett Newman, 1958 239 13.4 Altarpiece, Fyllingsdalen , Norway, Hein Heinsen, 1980 242 13.5 Altarpiece, Old Holte Church, Denmark, Hein Heinsen, 2012 243 14.1a, b Interpretation of Richard Strauss’s opera ‘Salome’, Deutsche Oper, Berlin, 2016 257 14.2 Interpretation of Richard Strauss’s opera ‘Salome’, Deutsche Oper, Berlin, 2016 258 15.1 Adoration of the Magi , Giotto, 1304–6 262 15.2 Saint Luke painting the Madonna and Child, (workshop) 264 15.3 Rest on the Flight to , Fran çois Boucher, 1737 268 15.4 Th e Birth of Venus , Alexandre Cabanel, 1863 271 15.5 Olympia , Edouard Manet, 1863 271 16.1 Th e Resurrection of Christ from Th e Passion of Our Lord Jesus, Albrecht D ü rer 1511 279 16.2 Th e Mocking of Christfrom Th e Passion of Our Lord Jesus, Albrecht D ü rer 1511 281