Severity of Amblyopia and Its Correlation with the Amount of Refractive Error
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Fact Sheet: Refractive Errors
Fact Sheet: Refractive Errors More than 11 million Americans have common vision problems that can be corrected with the use of prescriptive eyewear such as glasses or contact lenses.1 These conditions are known as refractive errors and they occur when the eye doesn’t correctly bend, or ―refract,‖ light as it enters the eye. Common refractive errors include the following: o Nearsightedness (also called myopia)—A condition where objects up close appear clearly, while objects far away appear blurry. With nearsightedness, light comes to focus in front of the retina instead of on the retina. o Farsightedness (also called hyperopia)—A common type of refractive error where distant objects may be seen more clearly than objects that are near. However, people experience farsightedness differently. Some people may not notice any problems with their vision, especially when they are young. For people with significant farsightedness, vision can be blurry for objects at any distance, near or far. o Astigmatism—A condition in which the eye does not focus light evenly onto the retina, the light-sensitive tissue at the back of the eye. This can cause images to appear blurry and stretched out. o Presbyopia—An age-related condition in which the ability to focus up close becomes more difficult. As the eye ages, the lens can no longer change shape enough to allow the eye to focus close objects clearly. Refractive errors are one of the most common—and correctable—causes of visual impairment in the United States. According to a recent study led by the National Eye Institute (NEI), approximately half of all American adults don’t have the 20/20 vision physicians consider optimal due to refractive errors.2 Women experience refractive error more frequently than men: Twenty-six percent more women aged 12 and older have uncorrected visual impairment due to refractive error compared with men aged 12 and older. -
Managing a Patient with Post-Radial Keratotomy and Sjogren's Syndrome with Scleral Contact Lenses
Managing a patient with Post-Radial Keratotomy and Sjogren's Syndrome with Scleral Contact Lenses Case Report 1 Candidate #123 Abstract: Surgeons used radial keratotomy (RK) in the past as an attempt to flatten the corneal shape and reduce refractive myopia in a patient. In the present day, many post-RK patients suffer from poor, fluctuating vision due to an irregular corneal shape induced from this procedure. Rigid gas permeable lenses, such as scleral lenses, are an excellent solution to improve and stabilize vision. Scleral lenses help recreate an optimal refractive surface to enhance vision for the patient. Patients with specific dry eye symptoms can receive a therapeutic benefit from scleral lens use as the lens acts as a protective barrier for corneal hydration. This is a case report on a patient suffering from both ocular and systemic conditions resulting in decreased vision and discomfort from severe dry eye. She has been successfully fit with scleral lenses to improve signs and symptoms. Key Words: Radial keratotomy (RK), dry eye, Sjogren's syndrome, scleral lens 2300 East Campbell Avenue, Unit 316 Phoenix, AZ 85016 [email protected] (480) 815-4135 1 Introduction: Patients may present to their eye care provider with multiple conditions impacting 2 both their ocular and systemic health. Ocular comorbidities frequently lead to visual impairment 3 and decreased quality of life. To suitably manage these coinciding ailments, it is essential to 4 obtain an early and proper diagnosis. [1] In some instances, similar approaches can help alleviate 5 patient symptoms in managing these comorbidities. 6 7 The goal of refractive surgery is to eliminate the dependency on glasses and contact lenses. -
Scleral Lenses to Manage Dry Eye Symptoms
Contact us today Scleral Lens for Management of to learn how scleral lenses Dry Eye Symptoms can make a difference in your life. Affix your practice address label here. Scleral lens vaulting the cornea, maintaining a cushion of tears. Blanchard Contact Lenses supplies the specialty GP lens industry with leading lens designs of the highest quality. Our mission is to consistently design and develop innovative specialty GP lenses utilizing cutting edge manufacturing methods, while maintaining unique partnerships with eye care professionals to improve all aspects of the contact lens wearer experience. Scleral Lenses for the Management of Dry Eye Symptoms Chronic Dry Eye Disorders Dry eye can occur or be caused by How msd™ and Onefit™ Scleral Lenses Work According to a consumer survey1, many conditions. Some are: 48% of adults report dry eye msd™ and Onefit™ scleral lenses are • Age related symptoms. Of those, 42% have made of materials that let oXygen pass • Gender (occurs more with women) trouble reading print as a result of dry through the lens promoting long term eye. Nineteen percent report using • Medications and/or medical conditions cornel health and comfort. The lens over the counter drops to help with • Environmental conditions design provides a thin cushion of fluid the condition, but two thirds of those • Post Refractive Surgery (LASIK and that stays between the lens and eye who use drops find that they are not msd™ Mini-Scleral Lens RK), post-surgery, or post-injury providing immediate relief of dry eye comfortably fit to eye. effective. symptoms and long term wearing Patients with dry eye symptoms may comfort. -
Refractive Status and Optical Components of Premature Babies with Or Without Retinopathy of Prematurity at 7 Years Old
116 Original Article Refractive status and optical components of premature babies with or without retinopathy of prematurity at 7 years old Yang Wang, Lian-Hong Pi, Ru-Lian Zhao, Xiao-Hui Zhu, Ning Ke Department of Ophthalmology, Children’s Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders (Chongqing), China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Child Development and Critical Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Chongqing 400014, China Contributions: (I) Conception and design: Y Wang, LH Pi, N Ke; (II) Administrative support: LH Pi; (III) Provision of study materials or patients: LH Pi, N Ke; (IV) Collection and assembly of data: Y Wang, RL Zhao, XH Zhu; (V) Data analysis and interpretation: Y Wang; (VI) Manuscript writing: All authors; (VII) Final approval of manuscript: All authors. Correspondence to: Ning Ke. Department of Ophthalmology, Children’s Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders (Chongqing), China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Child Development and Critical Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Chongqing 400014, China. Email: [email protected]. Background: This study aimed to investigate the refractive status and optical components of premature babies with or without retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) at 7 years old and to explore the influence of prematurity and ROP on the refractive status and optical components. Methods: From January 2009 to February 2011, premature babies receiving fundus photographic screening (FPS) were recruited and divided into non-ROP group and ROP group. -
Refractive Errors a Closer Look
2011-2012 refractive errors a closer look WHAT ARE REFRACTIVE ERRORS? WHAT ARE THE DIFFERENT TYPES OF REFRACTIVE ERRORS? In order for our eyes to be able to see, light rays must be bent or refracted by the cornea and the lens MYOPIA (NEARSIGHTEDNESS) so they can focus on the retina, the layer of light- sensitive cells lining the back of the eye. A myopic eye is longer than normal or has a cornea that is too steep. As a result, light rays focus in front of The retina receives the picture formed by these light the retina instead of on it. Close objects look clear but rays and sends the image to the brain through the distant objects appear blurred. optic nerve. Myopia is inherited and is often discovered in children A refractive error means that due to its shape, your when they are between ages eight and 12 years old. eye doesn’t refract the light properly, so the image you During the teenage years, when the body grows see is blurred. Although refractive errors are called rapidly, myopia may become worse. Between the eye disorders, they are not diseases. ages of 20 and 40, there is usually little change. If the myopia is mild, it is called low myopia. Severe myopia is known as high myopia. Lens Retina Cornea Lens Retina Cornea Light rays Light is focused onto the retina Light rays Light is focused In a normal eye, the cornea and lens focus light rays on in front of the retina the retina. In myopia, the eye is too long or the cornea is too steep. -
Distribution of Anterior and Posterior Corneal Astigmatism in Eyes with Keratoconus
Distribution of Anterior and Posterior Corneal Astigmatism in Eyes With Keratoconus MOHAMMAD NADERAN, MOHAMMAD TAHER RAJABI, AND PARVIZ ZARRINBAKHSH PURPOSE: To investigate the magnitude, with-the-rule ERATOCONUS (KC) IS A PROGRESSIVE, USUALLY (WTR) or against-the-rule (ATR) orientation, and vec- bilateral ectatic corneal disorder, characterized by 1,2 tor components (Jackson astigmatic vectors [J0 and J45] K corneal thinning and protrusion. KC starts at and blurring strength) of the anterior and posterior puberty and progresses to the third or fourth decade of corneal astigmatism (ACA and PCA) in patients with life, causing myopia and astigmatism, which results in keratoconus (KC) in a retrospective study, and to try to severe vision distortion and sometimes even blindness.1 find suitable cutoff points for ACA and PCA in an Astigmatism is a refractive error that is mostly caused by attempt to discriminate KC from normal corneas. toricity of the anterior corneal surface leading to visually DESIGN: Retrospective age- and sex-matched case- significant optical aberration. Both the anterior and poste- control study. rior corneal surfaces contribute to the total corneal METHODS: Using the Pentacam images, the aforemen- astigmatism. Recently, the direct and quantitative mea- tioned parameters were compared between 1273 patients surement of the posterior corneal measurements in a with KC and 1035 normal participants. clinical setting has been possible with new imaging tech- RESULTS: The mean magnitude of the ACA and PCA nologies such as slit-scanning, Scheimpflug, or optical was 4.49 ± 2.16 diopter (D) and 0.90 ± 0.43 D, respec- coherence devices.3,4 tively. The dominant astigmatism orientation of the Assessment of the corneal astigmatism plays an impor- ACA was ATR in KC patients and WTR in normal par- tant role in vision correction procedures such as rigid gas- ticipants (P < .001), while for the PCA it was WTR in permeable lens prescription or intraocular lens (IOL) im- KC patients and ATR in normal participants (P < .001). -
Advanced Anatomy & Physiology of The
By Diane F. Drake, LDO, ABOM, NCLEM, FNAO Introduction Terminology Presbyopia Anatomy Muscle Imbalances Refractive Errors Unequal refractive errors Spherical Correction Visualizing the Rx Cylindrical Correction Visual Angle and Minimum Visual Angle Minimum Visual Angle Visual Angle Subtend To extend under or to be opposite to The angle which is opposite the object being observed Minimum Detail The detail that must be detected on an object to positively identify or distinguish the object Minimum Detail E Minimum Detail Resolution The ability to detect minimum detail The resolving power of the normal eye is a minimum visual angle of 1 minute E The minimum visual angle of the letter is 1 minute The visual angle of the letter is 5 minutes Visual Acuity The measure of the angle subtended by the outer limits of rays of light coming from the minimum detail of an object as they enter the eye 20/20 or 6/6 Snell’s Law of Refraction n1 sin i = n2 sin r The Snellen Fraction The distance at which the test is made divided by the distance at which the smallest letter read subtends an angle of 5 minutes Snellen Letters Snellen Letters Minimum Angle of Resolution Landolt Ring (C) and the Illiterate E Contrast Sensitivity Terminology Emmetropia Ametropia Myopia Hyperopia Terminology Astigmatism Simple myopic Corneal astigmatism astigmatism Lenticular astigmatism Compound myopic Regular astigmatism astigmatism Irregular astigmatism Simple hyperopic astigmatism Compound hyperopic astigmatism Terminology Presbyopia Greek Presby -
Guidelines for Universal Eye Screening in Newborns Including RETINOPATHY of Prematurity
GUIDELINES FOR UNIVERSAL EYE SCREENING IN NEWBORNS INCLUDING RETINOPATHY OF PREMATURITY RASHTRIYA BAL SWASthYA KARYAKRAM Ministry of Health & Family Welfare Government of India June 2017 MESSAGE The Ministry of Health & Family Welfare, Government of India, under the National Health Mission launched the Rashtriya Bal Swasthya Karyakram (RBSK), an innovative and ambitious initiative, which envisages Child Health Screening and Early Intervention Services. The main focus of the RBSK program is to improve the quality of life of our children from the time of birth till 18 years through timely screening and early management of 4 ‘D’s namely Defects at birth, Development delays including disability, childhood Deficiencies and Diseases. To provide a healthy start to our newborns, RBSK screening begins at birth at delivery points through comprehensive screening of all newborns for various defects including eye and vision related problems. Some of these problems are present at birth like congenital cataract and some may present later like Retinopathy of prematurity which is found especially in preterm children and if missed, can lead to complete blindness. Early Newborn Eye examination is an integral part of RBSK comprehensive screening which would prevent childhood blindness and reduce visual and scholastic disabilities among children. Universal newborn eye screening at delivery points and at SNCUs provides a unique opportunity to identify and manage significant eye diseases in babies who would otherwise appear healthy to their parents. I wish that State and UTs would benefit from the ‘Guidelines for Universal Eye Screening in Newborns including Retinopathy of Prematurity’ and in supporting our future generation by providing them with disease free eyes and good quality vision to help them in their overall growth including scholastic achievement. -
Managing Postoperative Astigmatism in Cataract Surgery: a Short Review
Acta Scientific Ophthalmology (ISSN: 2582-3191) Volume 3 Issue 8 August 2020 Review Article Managing Postoperative Astigmatism in Cataract Surgery: A Short Review Mohammed Abdulkarem* and Mustafa Ali Shata Received: July 20, 2020 Department of Ophthalmology, Jeddah Eye Hospital, Saudi Arabia Published: July 25, 2020 *Corresponding Author: Mohammed Abdulkarem, Department of © All rights are reserved by Mohammed Ophthalmology, Jeddah Eye Hospital, Saudi Arabia. Abdulkarem and Mustafa Ali Shata. DOI: 10.31080/ASOP.2020.03.0148 Abstract Cataract surgery is no more a visual rehabilitation surgery. Today along with cataract removal, astigmatism correction has become a routine procedure. Patients want a spectacle free life at any stage of life. 10 years before it was still impressive to have a residual of +2.0 D astigmatism following cataract surgery. But in last 10 years, a lot of technological advancement has happened. The residual astigmatism following cataract surgery has come down from 1.5D to 0.75D, even 0.5D when a premium IOL is implanted. Here we are going to discuss in short the journey of astigmatism correction from choosing the incision in steep axis to Toric IOL implantation and so on. Keywords: Astigmatism; Surgery; Limbal relaxing incisions (LRI) Introduction Again the closer the incision is from visual axis, the more it causes astigmatism. As the cornea is more of oval in shape, so any incision Cataract surgery has evolved a long way from being simple lens in superior cornea is nearer to visual axis than temporal cornea. So extraction to refractive procedure. Now a days patients wants a superior incisions tends to produce more astigmatism than tempo- spectacle free life following cataract surgery. -
Anatomy & Physiology of The
Anatomy & Physiology of The Eye 2017-2018 Done By: 433 Team Abdullah M. Khattab Important Doctor’s Notes Extra Abdullah AlOmair Resources: Team 433, Doctors Notes, Vaughan & Asbury’s General ophthalmology. Editing File Embryology of The Eye ............................................................................................. 2 ● Defects: ........................................................................................................................... 2 Development of The Eye After Birth .......................................................................... 3 ● Refractive power depends on two factors: ...................................................................... 3 The Orbit ................................................................................................................... 4 ● Seven bones contribute the bony orbit and surrounded by nasal sinuses. .................... 4 ● The orbital wall, pear-like shaped, formed by: ................................................................ 4 ● Structures Passing Through the Optic Openings: ........................................................... 4 Extraocular Muscles .................................................................................................. 1 ● Anatomy .......................................................................................................................... 1 ● Notes: .............................................................................................................................. 1 ● Field of action: -
Correcting Astigmatism During Cataract Surgery
Page 12 | Volusia Health Care News | Fall 2011 | East Volusia County Edition EYE SURGERY Correcting Astigmatism During Cataract Surgery Patients already undergoing cataract surgery to remove cataracts have the option to have toric lens implants placed into the eyes to treat astigmatism and improve vision. ot too long ago, Esperanza Quincy could barely see her surroundings. The 67-year-old Nretiree discovered she had cataracts dur- ing an appointment with her eye doctor. Once employed at a company that made business signs, Esperanza now found her- self unable to even see road signs. “My vision was getting worse,” shares Esperanza. “It was very difficult to see, especially at night. Even while wearing my glasses, it was never good.” Q. JOCELYN GE, MD, PHD implant can often be used as a treatment.” minutes, and there was no pain,” she says. That’s why our patients are happy.” Esperanza’s optometrist informed her The procedure to place the toric lens Esperanza noticed results immedi- Esperanza can’t agree more. that she would need surgery if the cata- implant is not significantly longer than ately after her surgery. “Dr. Ge is an excellent ophthalmolo- racts became severe. regular cataract surgery. Before surgery, the “It’s unbelievable!” she raves. “I can gist and shows concern for her patients,” “The last time I went to see him was in exact location of the patient’s astigmatism read and it’s wonderful! I love to spend she says. “I would recommend Premier January, and he told me my cataracts were is pinpointed, mapped, and measured. time on my computer, and I can now see Eye Clinic to everyone. -
Disclosure Ocular Anatomy and Motility Ocular Anatomy Overview the Human Vision System the Human Vision System Lids and Lacrimal
10/19/2012 Disclosure Ocular Anatomy and Motility Jenean Carlton BA, ABOC, NCLC 9President, Carlton & Associates, LLC – Carlton and Associates, 6 Course #214 Monterey Symposium LLC provides communications and educational materials for the optical industry 9Contributing Editor for Refractive Eyecare magazine. 6 Jenean Carlton BA, ABOC, NCLC 9Contributing Author Eyecare Business magazine. 9Communications Committee member OWA. 9Has been in the optical industry for 30 years with more than half of this time working in practices. 9Vision Monday’s Most Influential Women Award in Optical 2005 1 Ocular Anatomy Overview The Human Vision System 9 The eye is an amazing organ that works like a camera. 9 Think of the cornea and crystalline lens as the lenses of a camera, the iris as the shutter, and the retina as the photographic film. The Human Vision System Lids and Lacrimal System Vision takes place in the occipital lobe of The tear film has 3 layers: the brain Outer: the lipid layer (meibomian 9The brain can be glands in lids) is the oil layer. thought of as the development Middle: the aqueous layer center because it (lacrimal glands) is mainly water and provides oxygen converts and nutrients. electrical signals from the retina Inner: the mucin layer (goblet cells in conjunctiva) helps the tears into vision. adhere to the cornea. It is the mucus layer. 1 10/19/2012 Dry Eye Syndrome Lid Disorders What causes dry eyes? Ectropion= Out Treatments Entropion= In Ptosis- a drooping of the lid. Lids can have other problems too like turning out, in. Lids Disorders Lid Disorders Blepharitis is a chronic Hordeolum (stye) - inflammation- not an acute inflammation of a infection.