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Sustainable Energy from Agriculture Sustainable Energy from Agriculture The Greenbook is dedicated to the farming families of Minnesota. Their innovation, cooperation, and persistence are creating a more sustainable agriculture. Sustainable Energy from Agriculture Program Vision Statement Agriculture in Minnesota will be based on dynamic, flexible farming systems that are profitable, efficient, productive, and founded on ethics of land stewardship and responsibility for the continuing vitality of local rural communities. Minnesotans will strive to understand and respect the complex interconnectivity of living systems, from soil to people, so as to protect and enhance all natural resources for future generations. Minnesota agriculture will sustain an abundance of food and other products as well as meaningful, self directed employment that supports the quality of life desired by farmers and rural communities. Agriculture will foster diversity in all its forms of production, products, markets and cultures. Program Mission Statement To work toward the goal of sustainability for Minnesota agriculture by designing and implementing programs that meet the identified needs and support the creativity of Minnesota farmers. 2 3 July 2004 Minnesota Department of Agriculture 90 West Plato Blvd. St. Paul, MN 55107 651-296-7673 In accordance with the Americans with Disablities Act, an alternative form of communication is available upon request. TTY; 1-800-627-3529. The Minnesota Deparment of Agriculture is an equal opportunity employer. GREENBOOK 2004 • SUSTAINABLE AGRICULTURE AND IPM PROGRAM • MINNESOTA DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE GREENBOOK 2004 • SUSTAINABLE AGRICULTURE AND IPM PROGRAM • MINNESOTA DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE 2 3 Introduction to the Greenbook 2004 I am pleased to introduce the 15th edition of the Greenbook, a publication of the Minnesota Department of Agriculture’s Agricultural Resources Management and Development Division (ARMD). It highlights the project results of creative and innovative farmers and researchers involved with the Sustainable Agriculture On-farm Demonstration Grant Program. Sustainable agriculture focuses on farming practices that reduce inputs and protect the environ- ment. It also includes diversification of crops and alternative livestock systems, and it gives farmers increased access to alternative markets. Greenbook 2004 contains articles that highlight the results of the grantees’ projects and provides practical and technical information. Each article includes personal observations and management tips from the participants. Additionally, these grantees are willing to share their knowledge and experiences with you. They are all dedicated to making Minnesota agriculture profitable and environmentally friendly. Feel free to give them a call about their projects. Our essays this year include: “Bioenergy: An Overview,” reprinted with permission from a U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy Reference brief. It discusses the different types of renewable energy sources available around the country. Our second essay is, “Empowering the Countryside with Renewable Energy” by Greg Cuomo at the University of Minnesota Renewable Energy Research and Demonstration Center in Morris. Greg discusses the role the University plays in fostering renewable energy. And finally, Charles and Karen Knierim’s, “Homegrown Energy: A Tour of Wildrose Farm” looks at energy use from a Minnesota farmer’s viewpoint. I think you will find them informative and interesting. The Greenbook also includes updates on other ARMD projects such as activities at Big Woods Dairy at Nerstrand – Big Woods State Park, organics in Minnesota, integrated pest management, and a special section titled “Diversification Compass: A Guide to Choosing New Directions for Your Farm.” I hope you find Greenbook 2004 interesting and full of new and useful ideas. Gene Hugoson, Commissioner Minnesota Department of Agriculture GREENBOOK 2004 • SUSTAINABLE AGRICULTURE AND IPM PROGRAM • MINNESOTA DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE GREENBOOK 2004 • SUSTAINABLE AGRICULTURE AND IPM PROGRAM • MINNESOTA DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE 4 5 Table of Contents Page# Essays Bioenergy: An Overview Excerpt reprinted with permission from a U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy Reference Brief. 7 Empowering the Countryside with Renewable Energy Cuomo, Greg University of Minnesota Renewable Energy Research and Demonstration Center at Morris . 11 Homegrown Energy, a Tour of Wildrose Farm Knierim, Charles and Karen . 14 Sustainable Agriculture Grant Program Grant Program Description. 16 Alternative Markets and Specialty Crops Fernholz, Kathleen Pride of the Prairie: Charting the Course from Sustainable Farms to Local Dinner Plates . 17 French, Dan Creating Public Recognition of and Demand for “Grass-fed” Dairy Products Through the Development of Brand Standards and Promotion of These Standards to the Public . 20 Nadeau, Isaac, Cooperative Development Services Collaborative Character Wood Production and Marketing Project . 24 Pahl, Gary Creating Consumer Demand for Sustainable Squash with Labels and Education . 28 Reese, Michael Integrated Demonstration of Native Forb Seed Production Systems and Prairie Land Restoration. 31 Fruits and Vegetables Fisher-Merritt, John Root Cellaring and Computer-controlled Ventilation for Efficient Storage of Organic Vegetables in a Northern Market . 34 Kangas, Laura and Brian Wilson Organic Strawberry Production in Minnesota . 38 Cropping Systems and Soil Fertility Converse, Nathan Development of Eastern Gamagrass Production . 42 GREENBOOK 2004 • SUSTAINABLE AGRICULTURE AND IPM PROGRAM • MINNESOTA DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE GREENBOOK 2004 • SUSTAINABLE AGRICULTURE AND IPM PROGRAM • MINNESOTA DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE 4 5 Page# Endres, Marcia Yield and Feeding Value of Annual Crops Planted for Emergency Forage . 45 Gieseke, Tim Treating Field Runoff through Storage and Gravity-fed Drip Irrigation System for Grape and Hardwood Production . 51 Jensen, Marvin In-field Winter Drying and Storage of Corn: An Economic Analysis of Costs and Returns . 55 Juneau, Dan Chickling Vetch – A New Green Manure Crop and Organic Control of Canada Thistle in Northwest Minnesota . 60 Miller, Dan and Cara Potassium Rate Trial on an Established Grass/Legume Pasture: Determining Economic Rates for Grazing/Haying Systems . 64 Porter, Paul Use of Rye as a Cover Crop Prior to Soybean . 67 Schelhaas, Robert Mechanical Tillage to Promote Aeration, Improve Water Infiltration, and Rejuvenate Pasture and Hay Land . 74 Severson, Russ Northwest Minnesota Compost Demonstration. 78 Seykora, Leo Woolly Cupgrass Research . 82 Sheaffer, Craig Native Perennial Grass – Illinois Bundleflower Mixtures for Forage and Biofuel. 85 Livestock Connolly, Kevin Comparing Performance of Hoop Buildings to an Older Conventional Building for Finishing Hogs . 88 Demchik, Michael Raising Cattle and Timber for Profit: Making Informed Decisions about Woodland Grazing . 91 Dornink, Kent Performance Comparison of Hoop Barns vs. Slatted Barns. 94 Lentz, Ralph Low Cost Fall Grazing and Wintering Systems for Cattle . 97 Nelson, Trent and Jennifer Using a 24’ x 48’ Deep Bedded Hoop Barn for Nursery Age Pigs. 101 Serfling, David and Diane High Value Pork Production for Niman Ranch Using a Modified Swedish System . 104 GREENBOOK 2004 • SUSTAINABLE AGRICULTURE AND IPM PROGRAM • MINNESOTA DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE GREENBOOK 2004 • SUSTAINABLE AGRICULTURE AND IPM PROGRAM • MINNESOTA DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE 6 7 Page# Program Information Completed Grant Projects. 109 Big Woods Dairy at Nerstrand – Big Woods State Park . 116 Integrated Pest Management (IPM) Program . 118 2004 Organic Demonstration Grant Program . 122 Sustainable Agriculture Loan Program. 124 About the Staff . 125 Staff Resource Directory . 125 Appendix A: Agriculture Diversification Compass: A Guide to Choosing New Directions for Your Farm . 126 GREENBOOK 2004 • SUSTAINABLE AGRICULTURE AND IPM PROGRAM • MINNESOTA DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE GREENBOOK 2004 • SUSTAINABLE AGRICULTURE AND IPM PROGRAM • MINNESOTA DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE 6 Essay • U.S. Department of Energy — 7 Excerpt from a Bioenergy: An Overview U.S. Department of The energy stored in biomass (organic matter) Of all the forms of renewable energy, only Energy Reference is called bioenergy. Bioenergy can be used hydropower produces more electricity than Brief, reprinted with to provide heat, make fuels, and generate bioenergy does. Like hydropower, biopower permission of the electricity. Wood, which people have used to U.S. Department of is available 24 hours a day, seven days a week. cook and keep warm for thousands of years, Energy, Office of Other forms of renewable energy, such as Energy Efficiency continues to be the largest biomass resource. solar or wind power, have lower availability and Renewable Today there are also many other types of since they are produced only when the sun Energy. This and biomass we can use to produce energy. These shines or the wind blows. other articles about biomass resources include residues from the bioenergy can be agriculture and forest industries, landfill gas, Several types of biopower systems are found at aquatic plants, and wastes produced by cities currently in use or under development. These www.eere.energy.gov . and factories. systems include direct combustion, cofiring, gasification, and small modular systems. Because they come from organic matter, biomass resources are renewable. For Direct Combustion. Direct combustion example,
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