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The Army's M-4 Carbine: Background and Issues for Congress
The Army’s M-4 Carbine: Background and Issues for Congress Andrew Feickert Specialist in Military Ground Forces June 8, 2010 Congressional Research Service 7-5700 www.crs.gov RS22888 CRS Report for Congress Prepared for Members and Committees of Congress The Army’s M-4 Carbine: Background and Issues for Congress Summary The M-4 carbine is the Army’s primary individual combat weapon for infantry units. While there have been concerns raised by some about the M-4’s reliability and lethality, some studies suggest that the M-4 is performing well and is viewed favorably by users. The Army is undertaking both the M4 Carbine Improvement Program and the Individual Carbine Competition, the former to identify ways to improve the current weapon, and the latter to conduct an open competition among small arms manufacturers for a follow-on weapon. An integrated product team comprising representatives from the Infantry Center; the Armament, Research, Development, and Engineering Center; the Program Executive Office Soldier; and each of the armed services will assess proposed improvements to the M4. The proposal for the industry-wide competition is currently before the Joint Requirements Oversight Council, and with the anticipated approval, solicitation for industry submissions could begin this fall. It is expected, however, that a selection for a follow-on weapon will not occur before FY2013, and that fielding of a new weapon would take an additional three to four years. This report will be updated as events warrant. Congressional Research Service The -
Thompson Brochure 9Th Edition.Indd
9th Edition Own A Piece Of American History Thompson Submachine Gun General John T. Thompson, a graduate of West Point, began his research in 1915 for an automatic weapon to supply the American military. World War I was dragging on and casualties were mounting. Having served in the U.S. Army’s ordnance supplies and logistics, General Thompson understood that greater fi repower was needed to end the war. Thompson was driven to create a lightweight, fully automatic fi rearm that would be effective against the contemporary machine gun. His idea was “a one-man, hand held machine gun. A trench broom!” The fi rst shipment of Thompson prototypes arrived on the dock in New York for shipment to Europe on November 11, 1918 the day that the War ended. In 1919, Thompson directed Auto-Ordnance to modify the gun for nonmilitary use. The gun, classifi ed a “submachine gun” to denote a small, hand-held, fully automatic fi rearm chambered for pistol ammunition, was offi cially named the “Thompson submachine gun” to honor the man most responsible for its creation. With military and police sales low, Auto-Ordnance sold its submachine guns through every legal outlet it could. A Thompson submachine gun could be purchased either by mail order, or from the local hardware or sporting goods store. Trusted Companion for Troops It was, also, in the mid ‘20s that the Thompson submachine gun was adopted for service by an Dillinger’s Choice offi cial military branch of the government. The U.S. Coast Guard issued Thompsons to patrol While Auto-Ordnance was selling the Thompson submachine gun in the open market in the ‘20s, boats along the eastern seaboard. -
Dumdum Slugs Used by Some Area Police
Expand Violently on Impact Dumdum Slugs Used By Some Area Police ByPhiwnshirm L,ptstR: A. N: oZstas IV Police in Prince George's, endangering innocent by- Montgomery and Fairfax slanders. counties, joining a growing The U.S. armed services national trend, are carrying do not use expanding bullets flat-nosed bullets that many because a 1907 Hague con- authorities call "dumdums" vention, to which the U.S. is because they expand vio- a party, outlawed bullets lently inside human or ani- "calculated to cause unnec- mal targets they hit. essary suffering," according These flat or hollow- to the U.S. State Depart- tipped bullets differ from ment Office of Treaty Af- the round-tipped .38-caliber fairs. slugs that have been the Rachel Hurley, a foreign standard police cartridge In affairs officer there, said the U.S: since the beginning the unnecessary suffering of the century. The "dum- clause "has been interpreted dums" rip wider wound to include . .. dumdum bul- channels through flesh, lets." sometimes shattering into Instead the tips of U.S. many pieces and tending to military bullets are pointed stop inside bodies rather rounded and the softlead is than going through cleanly, covered by a hard metal according to weapons ex- perts. jacket that tends to keep the bullets intact when it The suburban Washington hits a target. police who use them say Lt. Charles Federline they like their increased of the Montgomery County po- stopping power, greater lice department said, "There penetration of car doors and was an alarming increase of other shields used by crimi- people who were shot with nals and their tendency not to riccochet off pavement, See BULLETS, A10, Col. -
PRODUCT CATALOG 2020 English
PRODUCT CATALOG 2020 English NEW! > 6.5 Creedmoor Large Rifle Primer Cases > Hermetically Sealed Hunting Ammunition Karl Olsson, 300 m World LAPUA® PRODUCT CATALOG Record holder. See page 21 Lapua, or more officially Nammo Lapua Oy and Nammo Schönebeck, is part of the large Nammo Group. Our main products are small caliber CONTENTS cartridges and components for sport, hunting, and professional use. NEW IN 2020 4-5 LAPUA TEAM / HIGHLIGHTS OF THE YEAR 6-7 SPORT SHOOTING 8-29 TACTICAL 30-35 .338 Lapua Magnum 30-31 World famous quality Rimfire Ammunition 8-13 .308 Winchester 32-33 Our reputation didn’t happen accidentally – rather, The History of Lapua .22 LR Rimfire 9 Tactical Bullets 34-35 it’s the result of decades of experience, combining the Rimfire Cartridges 10-11 best materials and processes that yield super precise, Lapua Club, Lapua Shooters 12-13 HUNTING 36-43 ultra-consistent components and ammunition. Add Lapua .22 LR Test Centers 14-15 Naturalis Cartridges and Bullets 36-41 our demanding quality assurance and inspection Hunter Story 42 PASSION FOR PRECISION processes, and our world famous quality and Centerfire Ammunition 16-43 Mega 43 reputation become apparent. Ask any avid shooter Centerfire Cartridges 17-19 “Passion for Precision” speaks to the core about Lapua components and ammunition and they’ll Top Lapua Shooters 20-21 CARTRIDGE DATA 44-47 of who we are and our company culture. tell you there’s no equal. Centerfire Components 22-28 COMPONENT DATA 48 We align ourselves with competitors and DISTRIBUTORS 50-51 Lapua Ballistics App 29 outdoorsmen who share the same ideals Certified of accuracy, consistency, and camaraderie. -
I\~TICY W'eapons in SA~ 1652-1881 F~Apta
Scientia Militaria, South African Journal of Military Studies, Vol 10, Nr 2, 1980. http://scientiamilitaria.journals.ac.za 1~1~"i\~TICY W'EAPONS IN SA~ 1652-1881 f~aptA. L. S. Hudson Introduction matchlock muskets.2 It was so heavy that the musketeer rested the weapon's barrel on a forked Lt Genl c. L. Viljoen, present Chief of the South stick when firing.3 The weapon was between 1,3 African Army, describes the South African and 1,5 metres long, weighed 6,5 Kg and its soldier in his forword to the book 'Our South range was up to 300 metres.4 African Army Today' as follows: 'Throughout history, soldiering has always come naturallY to Accessories to this weapon were the bandoleer, South Africans. In many wars and battles [he the fuse, a powder measure and a bag of bullets. South African soldier has proved himself .to be A bandoleer holding 12 powder charges was brave, determined and willing to sacrifice all for hung around the body. The fuse was used to the cause. '1 It is a well establ ished fact that the ignite the powder or charge. The small powder infantry was and still is the nucleus of any army container contained gunpowder with which the and was aptly described by SirWilliam Napier as pan of the musket was primed.5 the 'Queen of the Battlefield.' It was quickly established that this weapon was Due to the stormy and uncertain nature of South unsuited to SouthAfrican conditions as the fuses Africa's history from 1652 - 1881 the soldier, were difficult to keep alight in the wind and they especially the infantryman played a significant were ineffective in wet weather. -
Reloading for Handgunners
RELOADING FOR HANDGUNNERS PATRICK SWEENEY RELOADING FOR HANDGUNNERS PATRICK SWEENEY Copyright ©2011 Patrick Sweeney All rights reserved. No portion of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechani- cal, including photocopy, recording, or any information storage and retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publisher, except by a reviewer who may quote brief passages in a critical article or review to be printed in a magazine or newspaper, or elec- tronically transmitted on radio, television, or the Internet. Published by Gun Digest® Books, an imprint of F+W Media, Inc. Krause Publications • 700 East State Street • Iola, WI 54990-0001 715-445-2214 • 888-457-2873 www.krausebooks.com To order books or other products call toll-free 1-800-258-0929 or visit us online at www.krausebooks.com, www.gundigeststore.com or www.Shop.Collect.com Cover photography by Kris Kandler Hornaday Cover ISBN-13: 978-1-4402-1770-8 ISBN-10: 1-4402-1770-X Cover Design by Tom Nelsen Designed by Kara Grundman Edited by Corrina Peterson Printed in the United States of America DEDICATION or years, and books now, you have seen dedications to Felicia. Th is book is no excep- tion. Without her life would be diff erent – less fun, less traveled, less productive, and Ffor you the readers, less, period. However, there is an addition. Dan Shideler came on board as my editor for Gun Digest Book of the AR-15, Vol- ume 2. With all due respect to those who labored with me before, Dan was easy to work with, fun to work with, and a veritable fountain of ideas and enthusiasm. -
19Th Century Carbine Manual.Indd
National Park Service Manual of Instruction for the Safe Use of Reproduction Breech-Loading Carbine and Rifl e in Interpretive Demonstrations TABLE OF CONTENTS Page Part I: Introduction 1 Part II: Nomenclature 5 Part III: Inspection and Maintenance 7 Part IV: Drill 10 Part V: Misfi re Procedures 27 Part VI: Laboratory 29 Part VII: Demonstration Critique 31 4 PART I - INTRODUCTION This manual sets forth the procedures that must be followed by persons demonstrating single-shot breechloading carbines and rifl es to the public in areas administered by the National Park Service (NPS). It also provides instruction on proper maintenance, inspection, and repair procedures. This manual must be used in conjunction with the service wide standards for Historic Weapons Firing Demonstrations (NPS-6 Guidelines for Interpretation). The information below largely comes from primary sources of the period during which the weapons described were used. Several generations of NPS historic weapons personnel have modifi ed these original texts in order to improve demonstrator and visitor safety, make the original texts more comprehensible and to incorporate knowledge gained from years of actually using these weapons in the fi eld. The Park’s Certifi ed Historic Weapons Program Supervisor is responsible for the training and safety of the demonstrators, as well as the safety of the visitors. The following criteria will help determine when a demonstrator has been adequately trained. 1 THE SHARPS CARBINE This manual mainly deals with the use and care of reproduction Model 1859 and Model 1863 Sharps carbines, which were the predominant carbine used during the American Civil War and are by far the most popular reprodction cavalry arm used today. -
Center Fire Ammunition
PAGE 1 Introduction ___________________ PAGE 2 Center Fire Ammunition AMMO STOCKPILING ___________________ PAGE 2 SECRETS REVEALED Rim Fire Ammunition ___________________ PAGE 3 SURVIVAL STRONGHOLD SURVIVAL Commercial Ammunition ___________________ PAGE 4 Military surplus Ammunition ___________________ How To Create An Unlimited Supply Of Ammo… PAGE 5 Alternative calibers and And Still Stay Off The Government Watch List multiple calibers ___________________ As has been witnessed in the first half of the year 2013 firearms can become useless without PAGE 6 a steady supply of ammunition. It does not take an act of war or Congressional writ to halt the Reloaded Ammunition ammunition supply; the market can easily suffer as a result of speculation and panic buying. ___________________ When big box discount stores have to limit customer’s purchases to 2 boxes a day it has PAGE 11 gone beyond the warning stage. Magma Engineering ___________________ Most shooters and those with a preparedness mindset could see events like these coming PAGE 12 months if not years in advance and built their supply steadily. However, it was noticed Powder that as the supply situation did not resolve within a reasonable amount of time, these ___________________ prepared shooters had to resort to using ammunition that was saved for a rainy day with PAGE 13 no signs for replenishment in sight. Primers Even dedicated reloaders of ammunition faced the same pitfalls as the companies who ___________________ make ammunition also make reloading components. The major manufacturers saw their PAGE 13 components going right back to their own production lines to feed the consumer demand Reloading Equipment for more ammunition. -
Ballistics.Pdf
1 Central Focus • Students can explain ballistics including types of evidence collected. Students can describe and interpret ballistics evidence including bullet marking and trajectory paths . 2 Standards • SFS1. Students will recognize and classify various types of evidence in relation to the definition and scope of Forensic Science. • SFS4. Students will evaluate the role of ballistics, tools marks and evidence of arson in forensic investigation. • a. Identify firearm lab tests used to distinguish the characteristics of ballistics and cartridge cases. • b. Analyze the physics of ballistic trajectory to predict range of firing. 3 Day 1 - Essential Questions • What is ballistics? • How are guns classified? • How are bullets classified? 4 Learning Targets. I can… • SFS4a – LK7: Explain ballistics and its role in forensic science • SFS4a – LK8: Explain basic working of a firearm • SFS4a – LR5: Compare/contrast types of firearms • SFS4a – LR6: Compare/contrast bullets, slugs, and shot 5 Ballistics • Ballistics -scientific analysis of firearms, bullets, and the travel of projectiles in flight • Firearm: weapon (ex. gun) capable of firing a projectile using a confined explosive. 6 Ballistics – finding the facts • Ballistic experts establish facts during shooting- related crimes including… o type of firearm o caliber of bullet o how many bullets fired o where the shooter was positioned during the crime o whether the weapon has been used in previous criminal cases. 7 History of Firearms • The Chinese invented gunpowder >1000 years ago to make fireworks and weapons. oGunpowder: mix of potassium nitrate, charcoal, and sulfur. o gunpowder expands upon ignition and causes a violent explosion. 8 matchlock weapons: first firms; used wicks to ignite the gunpowder. -
* Wicked Wadcutters
Wonderful Wicked Wadcutters... A defensive load you may not have (but probably should have) considered. Jacketed hollowpoints consistently fail to expand at snubnose velocities when fired through gel or gel and plywood–acting almost like an FMJ (right). Additionally, there are few things in life more uncomfortable, or disconcerting to a new shooter, than the unbelievably abusive recoil generated by an Ultra-Light snubbie loaded with hot, heavy, and/or very fast, self defense ammunition. SNUB-NOSED REVOLVERS HAVE BEEN popular as carry guns for a long time. Also, those who favor big main guns can be found packing a snubbie as a backup, but the short barrels that users favor for carry bring a price: lack of velocity. That velocity loss means expanding bullets often don’t expand. If your high-tech hollow-point fails to expand, it works no better than a traditional lead round-nose. Also, the rounded nose of a jacketed hollowpoint can glance off of hard things like bone. But if you increased velocity (and chamber pressure) until you get enough to cause expansion, recoil becomes ferocious in a lightweight snubbie. So let’s go about this in a different direction. We all know shot placement matters more than expansion anyway. If a thug is about to punch your ticket, a lead round-nose through his sternum is much more favorable to your cause than an expanding bullet that only creases his stomach. Even if that bullet expands to the size of a five- gallon bucket, the poor shot placement means it is of little, or no use. -
PRODUCT CATALOG 2021 English
PRODUCT CATALOG 2021 English NEW! > New cases: 6.5 PRC, .284 Winchester, .300 Winchester Magnum, and .300 PRC > New ammunition: 8x57 IS and 9.3x62 with OT bullets ® Karl Olsson, LAPUA PRODUCT CATALOG 300 m World Record holder. Lapua, or more officially Nammo Lapua Oy and Nammo Schönebeck, is part of the large Nammo Group. Our main products are small CONTENTS caliber cartridges and components for sport, hunting and professional use. World famous quality Our reputation didn’t happen accidentally – rather, it’s the result of decades of experience, combining the best materials and processes that yield super precise, NEW IN 2021 4-5 TACTICAL 26-33 PASSION FOR PRECISION ultra-consistent components and ammunition. Add our LAPUA TEAM / HIGHLIGHTS OF THE YEAR 6-7 .338 Lapua Magnum 26-27 demanding quality assurance and inspection processes, .308 Winchester, 6.5 Creedmoor, .260 Rem. 30-31 and our world famous quality and reputation become SPORT SHOOTING 8-25 Tactical Bullets 32-33 “Passion for Precision” speaks to the core apparent. Ask any avid shooter about Lapua components of who we are and our company culture. and ammunition and they’ll tell you there’s no equal. Rimfire Ammunition 8-13 HUNTING 34-39 We align ourselves with competitors and The History of Lapua .22 LR Rimfire 9 Naturalis Cartridges and Bullets 34-37 outdoorsmen who share the same ideals of Certified Rimfire Cartridges 10-11 Mega 38 accuracy, consistency and camaraderie. Team Lapua .22 LR Test Centers 12-13 FMJ Cartridges and Bullets 39 Nammo Lapua Oy’s quality system conforms Lapua’s accomplishments exemplify the fact with both ISO 9001 and AQAP 2110. -
Shot My Homemade .50 BMG for the 1St Time Today!!
.From: Gunfreak ([email protected]) Subject: Shot my homemade .50 BMG for the 1st time today!! BOOOOOMM!!! Newsgroups: rec.guns Date: 1996/07/30 Today I fired my homemade .50 BMG single shot rifle for the first time. WOW! I've never been around a gun this big before and what a noise it makes!! The gun isn't completely finished, but it was done enough to fire so I couldn't wait any longer. Here's how the firing went: I put the gun on the ground and laid a spare car wheel (with tire) on top of it. I put a small log under the barrel, aiming it a large tree (aimed the barrel, not the log. By the way, sorry you tree-huggers out there-the patient died!). After putting on ears and eyes, I turned away from the monster and reached behind me to hit the temporary trigger with my hand. BOOOOOOOMMMMMM!!!! WHAT A HUGE NOISE!!! A lot of sawdust was left at the base of the tree. (Didn't check the other side, it was in water.) The blast echoed through the Florida swamp and, poetically, the sound of police sirens could be heard in the distance just afterward. (A coincidence). The gun survived fine, and so did I. In case you're wondering why I took all the precautions on firing this gun for the first time, I'll tell you; I designed it myself. While I am a Mechanical Engineer, I don't have any "formal training" in gun design (which, it seems, can only come from working for a BIG gun company because there's NO real data out there for the little guy!) Anyway, this cartridge produces a lot of pressure, and puts that pressure over a large area (the cartridge base).