DOCSLIB.ORG

Norway, Denmark (In Respect of Greenland) and Iceland

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Norway, Denmark (In Respect of Greenland) and Iceland CHAPTER 8 Norway, Denmark (in respect of Greenland) and Iceland Tore Henriksen 1 Introduction The challenges to Arctic shipping extend beyond the Central Arctic Ocean. The Polar Code1 is applicable to Arctic waters,2 which extend to the northern parts of the Barents Sea, the Greenland Sea and the North Atlantic. The geographi- cal proximity of the three Nordic coastal States to these waters—Denmark (in respect of Greenland), Norway and Iceland—obviously makes them rel- evant actors in the governance of Arctic shipping. The statistics provided by the Arctic Marine Shipping Assessment (AMSA) report commissioned by the Arctic Council suggest that the major volume in present Arctic maritime traf- fic is in the periphery of the Arctic, along the Norwegian coast, in the Barents Sea northwest of Russia, around Iceland, near the Faroe Islands, southwest Greenland and in the Bering Strait.3 The three States have different roles in 1 International Code for Ships Operating in Polar Waters (Polar Code), consolidated text of the Polar Code as set out in the annexes to resolutions MSC.385(94) and MEPC.264(68), accessed 17 March 2017 at http://www.imo.org/en/MediaCentre/HotTopics/polar/Pages/default.aspx. 2 Arctic waters are defined in SOLAS 74 (Regulation XIV-1.3) and MARPOL 73/78 (Annex I Regulation 46.2, Annex II Regulation 21.2, Annex IV Regulation 17.3 and Annex V Regulation 13.2.), which makes the Polar Code mandatory in “those waters which are located north of a line from the latitude 58º00΄.0 N and longitude 042º00΄.0 W to latitude 64º37΄.0 N, longitude 035º27΄.0 W and thence by a rhumb line to latitude 67º03΄.9 N, longitude 026º33΄.4 W and thence by a rhumb line to the latitude 70º49΄.56 N and longitude 008º59΄.61 W (Sørkapp, Jan Mayen) and by the southern shore of Jan Mayen to 73º31’.6 N and 019º01’.0 E by the Island of Bjørnøya, and thence by a great circle line to the latitude 68º38΄.29 N and longitude 043º23΄.08 E (Cap Kanin Nos) and hence by the northern shore of the Asian Continent east- ward to the Bering Strait and thence from the Bering Strait westward to latitude 60º N as far as Il’pyrskiy and following the 60th North parallel eastward as far as and including Etolin Strait and thence by the northern shore of the North American continent as far south as latitude 60º N and thence eastward along parallel of latitude 60º N, to longitude 056º37΄.1 W and thence to the latitude 58º00΄.0 N, longitude 042º00΄.0 W”. 3 Arctic Marine Shipping Assessment 2009 Report. Arctic Council, April 2009, second printing (AMSA Report), at 73. © koninklijke brill nv, leiden, ���7 | doi ��.��63/9789004339385_009 246 henriksen the governance as coastal States, flag States and Arctic States. Their interests span from ensuring the protection of the fragile Arctic marine environment to promoting economic development of their northern regions through tourism, shipping and fishing. The objective of this Chapter is to investigate their interests and policies in Arctic shipping governance and how these interests and policies are re- flected in their national legislation. Two main questions are addressed: the first is whether the three States have a common interest in the governance of Arctic shipping. Specifically, are they arguing for having international regula- tions apply to all navigation in Arctic waters or are they satisfied if the national regulations of the Arctic coastal States are applied in a non-discriminatory manner? The investigation will be based on their positions on the Polar Code, the legislation of Canada and the Russian Federation, as well as on the initia- tives taken through the Arctic Council. The legislation of Canada and Russia is based on the extended environmental jurisdiction provided under Article 234 of the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS)4 to coastal States. Is it relevant for any of the three States to adopt national legislation under the authority of Article 234 of UNCLOS? The second main question is whether their national legislation is consistent with international law as set out in UNCLOS and the International Maritime Organization (IMO) conven- tions. Have any of the States adopted legislation enabling them to apply Article 234 of UNCLOS? Will their legislation be consistent with the Polar Code? Before these questions are addressed in sections 2 and 3, some background information and data about the three States is set out below. Norway is located in Northern Europe. It has an area of approximately 385,000 square kilometres (km²) and a population of 5.2 million.5 This includes Jan Mayen and the archipelago of Svalbard. Its coastline faces the Arctic waters. Jan Mayen is an island of 377 km² in the North Atlantic, 550 kilometres (km) northeast of Iceland and 500 km east of Greenland. The island has no perma- nent population. It formally became a part of the Kingdom of Norway in 1930.6 The archipelago of Svalbard consists of Bjørnøya, Spitsbergen, Nordaustlandet, Barentsøya, Edgeøya, Kong Karls Land, Hopen, Prins Karls Forland, Kvitøya and other islands, islets and rocks. The islands cover a total area of 61,020 km². The 4 United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea, adopted 10 December 1982, entered into force 16 November 1994, 1833 UNTS 3. 5 Minifacts about Norway, accessed 17 March 2017 at https://www.ssb.no/en/befolkning/ artikler-og-publikasjoner/minifacts-about-norway. 6 Lov av 27.2.1930 nr.2 om Jan Mayen (the Jan Mayen Act), accessed 17 March 2017 at www .lovdata.no [in Norwegian]..
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Handbok07.Pdf
    - . - - - . -. � ..;/, AGE MILL.YEAR$ ;YE basalt �- OUATERNARY votcanoes CENOZOIC \....t TERTIARY ·· basalt/// 65 CRETACEOUS -� 145 MESOZOIC JURASSIC " 210 � TRIAS SIC 245 " PERMIAN 290 CARBONIFEROUS /I/ Å 360 \....t DEVONIAN � PALEOZOIC � 410 SILURIAN 440 /I/ ranite � ORDOVICIAN T 510 z CAM BRIAN � w :::;: 570 w UPPER (J) PROTEROZOIC � c( " 1000 Ill /// PRECAMBRIAN MIDDLE AND LOWER PROTEROZOIC I /// 2500 ARCHEAN /(/folding \....tfaulting x metamorphism '- subduction POLARHÅNDBOK NO. 7 AUDUN HJELLE GEOLOGY.OF SVALBARD OSLO 1993 Photographs contributed by the following: Dallmann, Winfried: Figs. 12, 21, 24, 25, 31, 33, 35, 48 Heintz, Natascha: Figs. 15, 59 Hisdal, Vidar: Figs. 40, 42, 47, 49 Hjelle, Audun: Figs. 3, 10, 11, 18 , 23, 28, 29, 30, 32, 36, 43, 45, 46, 50, 51, 52, 53, 54, 60, 61, 62, 63, 64, 65, 66, 67, 68, 69, 71, 72, 75 Larsen, Geir B.: Fig. 70 Lytskjold, Bjørn: Fig. 38 Nøttvedt, Arvid: Fig. 34 Paleontologisk Museum, Oslo: Figs. 5, 9 Salvigsen, Otto: Figs. 13, 59 Skogen, Erik: Fig. 39 Store Norske Spitsbergen Kulkompani (SNSK): Fig. 26 © Norsk Polarinstitutt, Middelthuns gate 29, 0301 Oslo English translation: Richard Binns Editor of text and illustrations: Annemor Brekke Graphic design: Vidar Grimshei Omslagsfoto: Erik Skogen Graphic production: Grimshei Grafiske, Lørenskog ISBN 82-7666-057-6 Printed September 1993 CONTENTS PREFACE ............................................6 The Kongsfjorden area ....... ..........97 Smeerenburgfjorden - Magdalene- INTRODUCTION ..... .. .... ....... ........ ....6 fjorden - Liefdefjorden................ 109 Woodfjorden - Bockfjorden........ 116 THE GEOLOGICAL EXPLORATION OF SVALBARD .... ........... ....... .......... ..9 NORTHEASTERN SPITSBERGEN AND NORDAUSTLANDET ........... 123 SVALBARD, PART OF THE Ny Friesland and Olav V Land .. .123 NORTHERN POLAR REGION ...... ... 11 Nordaustlandet and the neigh- bouring islands........................... 126 WHA T TOOK PLACE IN SVALBARD - WHEN? ....
    [Show full text]
  • Arctic Environments
    Characteristics of an arctic environment and the physical geography of Svalbard - ‘geography explained’ fact sheet The Arctic environment is little studied at Key Stage Three yet it is an excellent basis for an all-encompassing study of place or as a case study to illustrate key concepts within a specific theme. Svalbard, an archipelago lying in the Arctic Ocean north of mainland Europe, about midway between Norway and the North Pole, is a place with an awesome landscape and unique geography that includes issues and themes of global, regional and local importance. A study of Svalbard could allow pupils to broaden and deepen their knowledge and understanding of different aspects of the seven geographical concepts that underpin the revised Geography Key Stage Three Programme of Study. Many pupils will have a mental image of an Arctic landscape, some may have heard of Svalbard. A useful starting point for study is to explore these perceptions using visual prompts and big questions – where is the Arctic/Svalbard? What is it like? What is happening there? Why is it like this? How will it change? Svalbard exemplifies the distinctive physical and human characteristics of the Arctic and yet is also unique amongst Arctic environments. Perceptions and characteristics of the Arctic may be represented in many ways, including art and literature and the pupil’s own geographical imagination of the place. Maps and photographs are vital in helping pupils develop spatial understanding of locations, places and processes and the scale at which they occur. Source: commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Image:W_W_Svalbard... 1 Longyearbyen, Svalbard’s capital Source:http://www.photos- The landscape of Western Svalbard voyages.com/spitzberg/images/spitzberg06_large.jpg Source: www.hi.is/~oi/svalbard_photos.htm Where is Svalbard? Orthographic map projection centred on Svalbard and showing location relative to UK and EuropeSource: www.answers.com/topic/orthographic- projection..
    [Show full text]
  • Foraminifera1 Stratigraphy of Raised Marine Deposits, Representing Isotope Stage 5, Prins Karls Forland, Western Sval Bard
    Foraminifera1 stratigraphy of raised marine deposits, representing isotope stage 5, Prins Karls Forland, western SVal bard HELENE BERGSTEN. TORBJORN ANDERSON and OLAFUR INGOLFSSON Bergsten, H., Andersson. T. & Ingolfsson, 0. 1998: Foraminiferd stratigraphy of raised marine deposits, representing isotope stage 5. Prins Karls Forland, western Svalbard. Polar Research 17(1). 81-91. Two raised marine sequences from Prim Karls Forland, western Svalbard, interpreted to have been deposited during part of isotope substage Se (Eemian) and substage 5a, were studied for foraminifera content. Time constraints are given by I4C ages, infrared stimulated luminescence age estimates and amino acid ratios in suhfossil marine molluscs. A diamicton (unit B) separates the two marine sequences and reflects an advancement of local glaciers sometime late in isotope stage 5. The two marine sequences contain diverse benthic foraminifera1 faunas, indicating periods of a relatively warm and seasonally ice-free marine shelf environment. Compared to the lowermost sequence (unit A), the upper marine sequence (unit C) seems to reflect a more shallow environment that could have resulted from the global lowering of the sea level towards the end of isotope stage 5. Our results further emphasise the problem of biostratigraphic distinction between interglacial and interstadial deposits at high latitudes, with temperature conditions for substage Sa close to those of substage 5e and present conditions. Helene Bergsten, Torbjorn Andersson and Olufur Ingdlfsson, Earth Sciences Centre, Goteborg University, Box 460, S-405 30 Goteborg, Sweden. Introduction Chronology and glacial history The Poolepynten site is situated on Prins Karls Sediments in the Poolepynten sections are ex- Forland, western Svalbard at N78'27'El l"40' posed in up to 10 metre high coastal cliffs over a (Fig.
    [Show full text]
  • ESG Perspectives June 2019 Svalbard Sojourn an Arctic
    June 2019 ESG Perspectives ™ SVALBARD SOJOURN: AN ARCTIC EXPERIENCE by Bob Smith, President & CIO islands are 60% glaciated with some of the world’s fastest-moving glaciers. The balance of the region is 30% barren ground, and 10% is covered with very low ground vegetation. In contrast to other Arctic regions, the Svalbard has no indigenous population and there is no historical evidence that the Vikings settled in the area during their time. In fact, it was the 1596 Dutch expedition of Willem Barents who discovered and drew maps of the region before his ship was crushed by freezing sea ice leading to his untimely death. However, the work of this expedition survived, and it led to the exploration of the region by other European countries over the Photo of Bob Smith in Kungsfjord, Svalbard centuries. This eventually gave rise to the exploitation It is said that what happens in the Arctic doesn’t stay of the natural resources of the region as a destination in the Arctic. That is because this region provides for whalers, fur trappers, and seal hunters, as well as essential global climate regulation and substantial other animal-based products. With the industrialization ecosystem benefits to humanity outside and beyond of Europe and the arrival of steel-hulled ships in the its boundaries. Indeed, the Arctic environment, and early 1900s, this region also eventually became a source human society and its economic activities are deeply for industrial minerals and, in particular, coal. connected to each other, representing a pivotal link in a complex adaptive global ecosystem.
    [Show full text]
  • Oceanography and Biology; of Arctic Seas
    Rapp. P.-v. Réun. Cons. int. Explor. Mer, 188: 23-35. 1989 Climatic fluctuations in the Barents Sea Lars Midttun Midttun, Lars. 1989. Climatic fluctuations in the Barents Sea. Rapp. P.-v. Réun. Cons. int. Explor. Mer, 188: 23—35. The circulation system of the Barents Sea is described. Warm water flows into the sea from the west and is gradually transformed into Arctic water, which then flows out of the sea, partly as surface currents, partly as dense bottom water. The climatic conditions of the Barents Sea are determined both by the variations in the inflow and by processes taking place in the sea itself. The great variations in temperature and salinity observed along standard sections crossing the inflowing water masses are examined, and possible explanations are discussed. Lars Midttun: Institute of Marine Research, P.O. Box 1870 - Nordnes, N-5024 Bergen, Norway. Introduction The main purpose of this paper is to present and discuss been the most intensively studied area, and several stan­ the rather marked climatic variations observed in the dard sections have been established in order to investi­ Barents Sea. However it may be worth while first to gate variations in the inflowing water masses. Measure­ give a short description of the circulation system as ments in the Kola section were started as early as 1900 known from the literature. by Dr N. Knipowich and have been regularly continued Based on early observations, Knipowich (1905) gave since 1920. Bochkov (1976) studied temperature var­ a description of the water masses of the Barents Sea, iations in relation to solar activity.
    [Show full text]
  • Chapter 1 Svalbard, 3 Chapter 2 Outline History of Geological Research, 16 Chapter 3 Svalbard's Geological Frame, 23
    Downloaded from http://mem.lyellcollection.org/ by guest on September 25, 2021 PART 1 Introduction Chapter 1 Svalbard, 3 Chapter 2 Outline history of geological research, 16 Chapter 3 Svalbard's geological frame, 23 Mid-season view of the glaciers Comfortlessbreen (on the left) and Aavartsmarkbreen (beyond). The rocks are Early Vendian with Varanger tillites. Stratigraphic sections are generally worked along the glacier margins either by porterage from the shore (in this case Egelskbukta) or by sledge from the interior. Photo M. J. Hambrey (SP. 455). Late season view from the east over the terminal crevassed glacier Monacobreen. In this case access up the glacier is almost impossible because the lower reaches are deeply crevassed and the glacier terminates in ice-cliffs in inner Liefdefjorden. The glacier beyond offers an easy route westward. Photo P. W. Webb, CSE 1989. Downloaded from http://mem.lyellcollection.org/ by guest on September 25, 2021 View from Ossian Sarsfjellet at the eastern end of Kongsfjorden towards the mountains of Broggerhalvoya which are reflected in the fjord. The intervening fjord carries a scatter of small bergs which have calved from the glacier cliffs of Kronebreen and Kongsbreen respectively to north and south of the photographer. The concentration of ice depends on wind and tide and is navigable with care in a slow moving boat. The small bergs melt rapidly in the summer. Photo M. J. Hambrey (SP96.122) 1996. The CSE motorboat Salterella in mid-Kongsfjorden seen when looking out to sea with the landmark Kapp Mitra to the right where the rocks are Caledonian metamorphosed basement of pre-Vendian rocks.
    [Show full text]
  • Protected Areas in Svalbard – Securing Internationally Valuable Cultural and Natural Heritage Contents Preface
    Protected areas in Svalbard – securing internationally valuable cultural and natural heritage Contents Preface ........................................................................ 1 – Moffen Nature Reserve ......................................... 13 From no-man’s-land to a treaty and the Svalbard – Nordaust-Svalbard Nature Reserve ...................... 14 Environmental Protection Act .................................. 4 – Søraust-Svalbard Nature Reserve ......................... 16 The history of nature and cultural heritage – Forlandet National Park .........................................18 protection in Svalbard ................................................ 5 – Indre Wijdefjorden National Park ......................... 20 The purpose of the protected areas .......................... 6 – Nordenskiöld Land National Park ........................ 22 Protection values ........................................................ 7 – Nordre Isfjorden National Park ............................ 24 Nature protection areas in Svalbard ........................10 – Nordvest-Spitsbergen National Park ................... 26 – Bird sanctuaries ..................................................... 11 – Sassen-Bünsow Land National Park .................... 28 – Bjørnøya Nature Reserve ...................................... 12 – Sør-Spitsbergen National Park ..............................30 – Ossian Sars Nature Reserve ................................. 12 Svalbard in a global context ..................................... 32 – Hopen Nature Reserve
    [Show full text]
  • Svalbard 2015–2016 Meld
    Norwegian Ministry of Justice and Public Security Published by: Norwegian Ministry of Justice and Public Security Public institutions may order additional copies from: Norwegian Government Security and Service Organisation E-mail: [email protected] Internet: www.publikasjoner.dep.no KET T Meld. St. 32 (2015–2016) Report to the Storting (white paper) Telephone: + 47 222 40 000 ER RY M K Ø K J E L R I I Photo: Longyearbyen, Tommy Dahl Markussen M 0 Print: 07 PrintMedia AS 7 9 7 P 3 R 0 I 1 08/2017 – Impression 1000 N 4 TM 0 EDIA – 2 Svalbard 2015–2016 Meld. St. 32 (2015–2016) Report to the Storting (white paper) 1 Svalbard Meld. St. 32 (2015–2016) Report to the Storting (white paper) Svalbard Translation from Norwegian. For information only. Table of Contents 1 Summary ........................................ 5 6Longyearbyen .............................. 39 1.1 A predictable Svalbard policy ........ 5 6.1 Introduction .................................... 39 1.2 Contents of each chapter ............... 6 6.2 Areas for further development ..... 40 1.3 Full overview of measures ............. 8 6.2.1 Tourism: Longyearbyen and surrounding areas .......................... 41 2Background .................................. 11 6.2.2 Relocation of public-sector jobs .... 43 2.1 Introduction .................................... 11 6.2.3 Port development ........................... 44 2.2 Main policy objectives for Svalbard 11 6.2.4 Svalbard Science Centre ............... 45 2.3 Svalbard in general ........................ 12 6.2.5 Land development in Longyearbyen ................................ 46 3 Framework under international 6.2.6 Energy supply ................................ 46 law .................................................... 17 6.2.7 Water supply .................................. 47 3.1 Norwegian sovereignty .................. 17 6.3 Provision of services .....................
    [Show full text]
  • Prioriterte Kulturminner Og Kulturmiljøer Pa Svalbard
    KATALOG PRIORITERTE KULTURMINNER OG KULTURMILJØER PA SVALBARD Versjon 1.1 (2013) Irene Skauen Sandodden Sysselmannen på Svalbard Katalog prioriterte kulturminner og kulturmiljøer på Svalbard, versjon 1.1 Side 1 Telefon 79 02 43 00 Internett Adresse Telefaks 79 02 11 66 www.sysselmannen.no Sysselmannen på Svalbard, E-post [email protected] Pb. 633, 9171 Longyearbyen ISBN: Tilgjengelighet Internett: www.sysselmannen.no Opplag: Trykkes ikke, kun digitalt Utgiver Årstall: 2013 Sysselmannen på Svalbard, miljøvernavdelingen Sider: 220 Forfattere Irene Skauen Sandodden. Tekt er hentet fra ulike kilder. Per Kyrre Reymert, Tora Hultgreen, Marit Anne Hauan og Thor Bjørn Arlov har skrevet artikler om de ulike fasene i Svalbard historie (kapittel 2). Deltakende institusjoner Sysselmannen på Svalbard Tittel Title Katalog prioriterte kulturminner og kulturmiljøer på Svalbard. Versjon Catalogue of the cultural heritage sites with high priority in Svalbard. 1.1 (2013). Version 1.1 (2013). Referanse Katalog prioriterte kulturminner og kulturmiljøer på Svalbard. Versjon 1.1 (2013). Tilgjengelig på Internett: www.sysselmannen.no. Sammendrag Katalogen gir et kort innblikk i historien til Svalbard og representative kulturminner. Videre beskrives de om lag 100 prioriterte kulturminnene og kulturmiljøene som er valgt ut i Kulturminneplan for Svalbard 2013 – 2023. Katalogen er utarbeidet som et vedlegg til kulturminneplanen, men kan revideres ved behov. Emneord norsk Keywords English - Kulturminner og kulturmiljø - Cultural heritage (monuments and cultural
    [Show full text]
  • Late Quaternary Environmental History of Central Prins Karls Forland, Western Svalbard
    Late Quaternary environmental history of central Prins Karls Forland, western Svalbard TORBJO¨ RN ANDERSSON, STEVEN L. FORMAN, O´ LAFUR INGO´ LFSSON AND WILLIAM F. MANLEY Andersson, T., Forman, S. L., Ingo´lfsson, O´ . & Manley, W. F. 1999 (June): Late Quaternary environmental history of central Prins Karls Forland, western Svalbard. Boreas, Vol. 28, pp. 292–307. Oslo. ISSN 0300-9483. This paper presents the results from stratigraphic and geomorphologic investigations in the Poolepynten area, Prins Karls Forland, western Svalbard. Field mapping, soil profile development and 14C dating reveal the exis- tence of at least two generations of raised beach deposits. Well-developed raised beaches rise to the Late Weichselian marine limit at 36 m a.s.l. Discontinuous pre-Late Weichselian beach deposits rise from the Late Weichselian marine limit to approximately 65 m a.s.l. Expansion of local glaciers in the area during the Late Weichselian is indicated by a till that locally overlies pre-Late Weichselian raised beach deposits. Strati- graphic data from coastal sections reveal two shallow marine units deposited during part of oxygen isotope stage 5. The two shallow marine units are separated by a subglacially deposited till that indicates an ice ad- vance from Prins Karls Forland into the Forlandsundet basin some time during the latter part of stage 5. Dis- continuous glaciofluvial deposits and a cobble-boulder lag could relate to a Late Weichselian local glacial ad- vance across the coastal site. Late Weichselian/early Holocene beach deposits cap the sedimentary succession. Palaeotemperature estimates derived from amino acid ratios in subfossil marine molluscs indicate that the area has not been submerged or covered by warm based glacier ice for significant periods of time during the time interval ca.70kato10ka.
    [Show full text]
  • Svalbardstatistikk 2005 Svalbard Statistics 2005
    D 330 Norges offisielle statistikk Official Statistics of Norway Svalbardstatistikk 2005 Svalbard Statistics 2005 Statistisk sentralbyrå • Statistics Norway Oslo-Kongsvinger Internasjonale oversikter Oslo Telefon / Telephone +47 21 09 00 00 Telefaks / Telefax +47 21 09 49 73 Besøksadresse / Visiting address Kongens gt. 6 Postadresse / Postal address Pb. 8131 Dep N-0033 Oslo Kongsvinger Telefon / Telephone +47 62 88 50 00 Telefaks / Telefax +47 62 88 50 30 Besøksadresse / Visiting address Otervn. 23 Postadresse / Postal address N-2225 Kongsvinger Internett / Internet http://www.ssb.no/ E-post / E-mail [email protected] © Statistisk sentralbyrå, august 2005 © Statistics Norway, August 2005 Ved bruk av materiale fra denne publikasjonen, vennligst oppgi Statistisk sentralbyrå som kilde. When using material from this publication, please give Statistics Norway as your source. Standardtegn i tabeller / Symbol Explanation of Symbols Tall kan ikke forekomme / . Category not applicable Oppgave mangler / . Data not available ISBN 82-537- 6809-5 Trykt versjon / Printed version Oppgave mangler foreløpig / . ISBN 82-537- 6810-9 Elektronisk versjon / Electronic version Data not yet available Tall kan ikke offentliggjøres / Not for publication : Omslagsdesign / Null / Nil - Cover design: Enzo Finger Design Omslagsillustrasjon / Mindre enn 0,5 av den brukte enheten / 0 Less than 0.5 of unit employed Cover illustration: Siri Boquist Omslagsfoto / Mindre enn 0,05 av den brukte enheten / 0.0 Less than 0.05 of unit employed Cover photo: Torfinn Kjærnet Piktogrammer / Foreløpig tall / Provisional or preliminary figure * Pictograms: Trond Bredesen Brudd i den loddrette serien / _ Break in the homogeneity of a vertical series Trykk / Print: PDC Tangen Brudd i den vannrette serien / Break in the homogeneity of a horizontal series 2 Forord Svalbardstatistikk 2005 inneholder en sammenstilling av tilgjengelig statistikk om Svalbard som Statistisk sentralbyrå har samlet inn.
    [Show full text]
  • Landvik Etal 2014 QSR.Pdf
    This article appeared in a journal published by Elsevier. The attached copy is furnished to the author for internal non-commercial research and education use, including for instruction at the authors institution and sharing with colleagues. Other uses, including reproduction and distribution, or selling or licensing copies, or posting to personal, institutional or third party websites are prohibited. In most cases authors are permitted to post their version of the article (e.g. in Word or Tex form) to their personal website or institutional repository. Authors requiring further information regarding Elsevier’s archiving and manuscript policies are encouraged to visit: http://www.elsevier.com/authorsrights Author's personal copy Quaternary Science Reviews 92 (2014) 258e268 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Quaternary Science Reviews journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/quascirev Landscape imprints of changing glacial regimes during ice-sheet build-up and decay: a conceptual model from Svalbard Jon Y. Landvik a,*, Helena Alexanderson b, Mona Henriksen a, Ólafur Ingólfsson c,d a Department of Environmental Sciences, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, P.O. Box 5003, NO-1432 Ås, Norway b Department of Geology, Lund University, Sölvegatan 12, SE-223 62 Lund, Sweden c Faculty of Earth Sciences, University of Iceland, Sturlugata 7, IS-101 Reykjavik, Iceland d University Centre in Svalbard, UNIS, P.O. Box 156, NO-9171 Longyearbyen, Norway article info abstract Article history: The behaviour of ice sheets and their geologic imprints in fjord regions are often multifaceted. Fjords, Received 13 February 2013 which were temporarily occupied by fast flowing ice-streams during major glaciations, and inter-fjord Received in revised form areas, which were covered by less active ice, show different signatures of past glaciations.
    [Show full text]