GNU Classpath Exception – GPL Font Exception
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Free Software Foundation, Inc
Comment Regarding a Proposed Exemption Under 17 U.S.C. 1201 Item 1. Commenter Information Donald Robertson, III Free Software Foundation, Inc. 51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor Boston, MA 02110-1335 [email protected] This comment is filed by the Free Software Foundation, a charitable corporation founded in 1985. The Foundation is the largest single contributor to the GNU operating system (used widely today in its GNU/Linux variant). The Foundation's GNU General Public License is the most widely used free software license, covering major components of the GNU operating system and tens of thousands of other computer programs used on hundreds of millions of computers around the world. Item 2. Proposed Class Addressed Class 7: 7(a) Motion Pictures—Text and Data Mining 7(b) Literary Works—Text and Data Mining Item 3. Statement Regarding Proposed Exemption The GNU/Linux operating system has become one of the most widely used operating systems on the planet. The GNU System and the kernel Linux are called free software because users are free to study, share, and improve the software. Those who promote free software believe that controlling one’s own computing should be a universal right. Digital restrictions interfere with the ability to enjoy these freedoms. Circumventing such restrictions for any use should not come with the threat of legal sanction. The process of continually applying for exemptions under 17 U.S.C. 1201 is onerous and instead any circumvention for a non-infringing purpose should be permitted. However, where exemptions are used to safeguard the public from these laws, it must be the case that exemptions should cover the sharing and distribution of software and instructions for circumventing access control technologies. -
Openjdk – the Future of Open Source Java on GNU/Linux
OpenJDK – The Future of Open Source Java on GNU/Linux Dalibor Topić Java F/OSS Ambassador Blog aggregated on http://planetjdk.org Java Implementations Become Open Source Java ME, Java SE, and Java EE 2 Why now? Maturity Java is everywhere Adoption F/OSS growing globally Innovation Faster progress through participation 3 Why GNU/Linux? Values Freedom as a core value Stack Free Software above and below the JVM Demand Increasing demand for Java integration 4 Who profits? Developers New markets, new possibilities Customers More innovations, reduced risk Sun Mindshare, anchoring Java in GNU/Linux 5 License + Classpath GPL v2 Exception • No proprietary forks (for SE, EE) • Popular & trusted • Programs can have license any license • Compatible with • Improvements GNU/Linux remain in the community • Fostering adoption • FSFs license for GNU Classpath 6 A Little Bit Of History Jun 1996: Work on gcj starts Nov 1996: Work on Kaffe starts Feb 1998: First GNU Classpath Release Mar 2000: GNU Classpath and libgcj merge Dec 2002: Eclipse runs on gcj/Classpath Oct 2003: Kaffe switches to GNU Classpath Feb 2004: First FOSDEM Java Libre track Apr 2004: Richard Stallman on the 'Java Trap' Jan 2005: OpenOffice.org runs on gcj Mai 2005: Work on Harmony starts 7 Sun & Open Source Java RIs Juni 2005: Java EE RI Glassfish goes Open Source Mai 2006: First Glassfish release Mai 2006: Java announced to go Open Source November 2006: Java ME RI PhoneME goes Open Source November 2006: Java SE RI Hotspot und Javac go Open Source Mai 2007: The rest of Java SE follows suit 8 Status: JavaOne, Mai 2007 OpenJDK can be fully built from source, 'mostly' Open Source 25,169 Source code files 894 (4%) Binary files (“plugs”) 1,885 (8%) Open Source, though not GPLv2 The rest is GPLv2 (+ CP exception) Sun couldn't release the 4% back then as free software. -
Annex I Definitions
Annex I Definitions Free and Open Source Software (FOSS): Software whose source code is published and made available to the public, enabling anyone to copy, modify and redistribute the source code without paying royalties or fees. Open source code evolves through community cooperation. These communities are composed of individual programmers and users as well as very large companies. Some examples of open source initiatives are GNU/Linux, Eclipse, Apache, Mozilla, and various projects hosted on SourceForge1 and Savannah2 Web sites. Proprietary software -- Software that is distributed under commercial licence agreements, usually for a fee. The main difference between the proprietary software licence and the open source licence is that the recipient does not normally receive the right to copy, modify, redistribute the software without fees or royalty obligations. Something proprietary is something exclusively owned by someone, often with connotations that it is exclusive and cannot be used by other parties without negotiations. It may specifically mean that the item is covered by one or more patents, as in proprietary technology. Proprietary software means that some individual or company holds the exclusive copyrights on a piece of software, at the same time denying others access to the software’s source code and the right to copy, modify and study the software. Open standards -- Software interfaces, protocols, or electronic formats that are openly documented and have been accepted in the industry through either formal or de facto processes, which are freely available for adoption by the industry. The open source community has been a leader in promoting and adopting open standards. Some of the success of open source software is due to the availability of worldwide standards for exchanging information, standards that have been implemented in browsers, email systems, file sharing applications and many other tools. -
Eclipse (Software) 1 Eclipse (Software)
Eclipse (software) 1 Eclipse (software) Eclipse Screenshot of Eclipse 3.6 Developer(s) Free and open source software community Stable release 3.6.2 Helios / 25 February 2011 Preview release 3.7M6 / 10 March 2011 Development status Active Written in Java Operating system Cross-platform: Linux, Mac OS X, Solaris, Windows Platform Java SE, Standard Widget Toolkit Available in Multilingual Type Software development License Eclipse Public License Website [1] Eclipse is a multi-language software development environment comprising an integrated development environment (IDE) and an extensible plug-in system. It is written mostly in Java and can be used to develop applications in Java and, by means of various plug-ins, other programming languages including Ada, C, C++, COBOL, Perl, PHP, Python, Ruby (including Ruby on Rails framework), Scala, Clojure, and Scheme. The IDE is often called Eclipse ADT for Ada, Eclipse CDT for C/C++, Eclipse JDT for Java, and Eclipse PDT for PHP. The initial codebase originated from VisualAge.[2] In its default form it is meant for Java developers, consisting of the Java Development Tools (JDT). Users can extend its abilities by installing plug-ins written for the Eclipse software framework, such as development toolkits for other programming languages, and can write and contribute their own plug-in modules. Released under the terms of the Eclipse Public License, Eclipse is free and open source software. It was one of the first IDEs to run under GNU Classpath and it runs without issues under IcedTea. Eclipse (software) 2 Architecture Eclipse employs plug-ins in order to provide all of its functionality on top of (and including) the runtime system, in contrast to some other applications where functionality is typically hard coded. -
Bulletin Issue 25
Issue 25 Bulletin November 2014 Contents Free software needs your vote Free software needs your 1 by John Sullivan vote Executive Director What would a free 3 t the Free Software Foundation, software world look like? Awe want to empower all computer GNU Guix and GNU’s 4 users everywhere to do everything they 31st Birthday might need or want to do on any com- Appropriate legal 5 puter, using only free software, with- notices out having to ask permission. Free tools for the FSF 6 By definition, proprietary software Common misconceptions 7 does not empower users in this way. in licensing It places limits on what they can do, Volunteer opportunities 9 such as preventing sharing of the soft- at the FSF ware, or looking at its code to see how See you at LibrePlanet 10 it works. 2015! Proprietary software enables users Around the world in (a 11 to pursue everything they might need hundred and) eighty or want to do, only as long as the soft- days ware distributor approves. The four freedoms that define free software — to run the program (0), to study and modify it (1), to share it (2), and to share modifications (3) — are meant for everyone, in their inter- actions with any program. Free soft- ware is a means to protect the individ- ual freedom of computer users. But why would someone who has Register for LibrePlanet at u.fsf.org/14w. no intention of ever reading the source code of programs running on their computer, much less in modifying it, care about Freedom 1, or Freedom 3? Why do they need or want the freedom to do things they might never need or want to do? 1 One reason is that any computer general, the right to vote can be a pow- user can ask someone else to do those erful check on government behavior. -
Fedora Core, Java™ and You
Fedora Core, Java™ and You Gary Benson Software Engineer What is Java? The word ªJavaº is used to describe three things: The Java programming language The Java virtual machine The Java platform To support Java applications Fedora needs all three. What Fedora uses: GCJ and ECJ GCJ is the core of Fedora©s Java support: GCJ includes gcj, a compiler for the Java programming language. GCJ also has a runtime and class library, collectively called libgcj. The class library is separately known as GNU Classpath. ECJ is the Eclipse Compiler for Java: GCJ©s compiler gcj is not used for ªtraditionalº Java compilation. More on that later... Why libgcj? There are many free Java Virtual machines: Cacao, IKVM, JamVM, Jikes RVM, Kaffe, libgcj, Sable VM, ... There are two main reasons Fedora uses libgcj: Availability on many platforms. Ability to use precompiled native code. GNU Classpath Free core class library for Java virtual machines and compilers. The JPackage Project A collection of some 1,600 Java software packages for Linux: Distribution-agnostic RPM packages. Both runtimes/development kits and applications. Segregation between free and non-free packages. All free packages built entirely from source. Multiple runtimes/development kits may be installed. Fedora includes: JPackage-compatible runtime and development kit packages. A whole bunch of applications. JPackage JOnAS Fedora©s Java Compilers gcj can operate in several modes: Java source (.java) to Java bytecode (.class) Java source (.java) to native machine code (.o) Java bytecode (.class, .jar) to native machine code (.o) In Fedora: ECJ compiles Java source to bytecode. gcj compiles that bytecode to native machine code. -
Artisynth Installation Guide for Macos
ArtiSynth Installation Guide for MacOS John Lloyd, Sebastian Kazenbroot-Guppy, and Antonio Sánchez Last updated: March, 2018 ArtiSynth Installation Guide for MacOS 2 Contents 1 Introduction 4 2 Prerequisites 4 3 Downloading a Prepacked Release 5 3.1 Downloadingandunpackingthezipfile . ................... 5 4 Cloning from Github 5 4.0.1 Cloningusingthecommandline . ............... 5 4.0.2 CloningusingEclipse . ............. 5 4.1 Downloadingthelibraries. .................. 5 5 Building ArtiSynth 6 5.1 BuildingwithEclipse. .... .... .... ... .... .... .... ................ 6 5.2 Buildingfromthecommandline . ................. 6 6 Running ArtiSynth 6 6.1 Runningfromthecommandline . ................ 6 6.2 Runningfromthefilebrowser . ................ 6 6.3 Commandlinearguments. ............... 7 6.4 RunningusingEclipse .... .... .... ... .... .... .... .. ............... 7 6.5 LoadingandRunningModels . ............... 7 7 Installing External Models and Packages 7 7.1 Downloading ..................................... ............ 8 7.2 Building........................................ ............ 8 7.2.1 BuildingwithEclipse. .............. 8 7.2.2 Buildingfromthecommandline. ............... 8 7.3 Running......................................... ........... 8 7.3.1 Adding external classes using the Eclipse Classpath . ........................ 8 7.3.2 AddingexternalclassesusingEXTCLASSPATH . .................. 8 7.3.3 AddingexternalclassesusingCLASSPATH . .................. 8 8 Updating ArtiSynth 9 8.1 Libraryupdates ................................. -
Chapter 9: Java
,ch09.6595 Page 159 Friday, March 25, 2005 2:47 PM Chapter 9 CHAPTER 9 Java Many Java developers like Integrated Development Environments (IDEs) such as Eclipse. Given such well-known alternatives as Java IDEs and Ant, readers could well ask why they should even think of using make on Java projects. This chapter explores the value of make in these situations; in particular, it presents a generalized makefile that can be dropped into just about any Java project with minimal modification and carry out all the standard rebuilding tasks. Using make with Java raises several issues and introduces some opportunities. This is primarily due to three factors: the Java compiler, javac, is extremely fast; the stan- dard Java compiler supports the @filename syntax for reading “command-line param- eters” from a file; and if a Java package is specified, the Java language specifies a path to the .class file. Standard Java compilers are very fast. This is primarily due to the way the import directive works. Similar to a #include in C, this directive is used to allow access to externally defined symbols. However, rather than rereading source code, which then needs to be reparsed and analyzed, Java reads the class files directly. Because the symbols in a class file cannot change during the compilation process, the class files are cached by the compiler. In even medium-sized projects, this means the Java com- piler can avoid rereading, parsing, and analyzing literally millions of lines of code compared with C. A more modest performance improvement is due to the bare mini- mum of optimization performed by most Java compilers. -
Migration-Guide.Pdf
Java Platform, Standard Edition Oracle JDK Migration Guide Release 15 F30923-01 September 2020 Getting Started The purpose of this guide is to help you identify potential issues and give you suggestions on how to proceed as you migrate your existing Java application to JDK 15. The guide also highlights the significant changes and enhancements done in JDK 15. This guide contains the following sections: • Significant Changes in the JDK • Preparing For Migration • Migrating From JDK 8 to Later JDK Releases • Next Steps Note: • Check the Oracle JDK Certified System Configurations for the latest supported platforms and operating system versions. • See Removed APIs, Tools, and Components before you start the migration process. Significant Changes in the JDK Before migrating your application to the latest JDK release, you must understand what the updates and changes are between it and the previous JDK release. If you are migrating from JDK 8, you should also be familiar with the differences between JDK 8 and later releases that are described in Migrating From JDK 8 to Later JDK Releases. See the following sections to learn about some of the significant changes in latest JDK releases. 1 Significant Changes in JDK 15 Release See JDK 15 Release Notes for the complete list of new features and enhancements in JDK 15. The following are some of the updates in Java SE 15 and JDK 15: • Text Blocks, first previewed in Java SE 13, is a permanent feature in this release and can be used without enabling preview features. Text blocks are multiline string literals that avoid the need for most escape sequences, automatically format the string in a predictable way, and give the developer control over the format when desired. -
Docucreate User Guide Version 11.5
Start Oracle® Documaker Docucreate User Guide version 11.5 Part number: E16256-01 April 2010 Notice Copyright © 2009, 2010, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. The Programs (which include both the software and documentation) contain proprietary information; they are provided under a license agreement containing restrictions on use and disclosure and are also protected by copyright, patent, and other intellectual and industrial property laws. Reverse engineering, disassembly, or decompilation of the Programs, except to the extent required to obtain interoperability with other independently created software or as specified by law, is prohibited. The information contained in this document is subject to change without notice. If you find any problems in the documentation, please report them to us in writing. This document is not warranted to be error-free. Except as may be expressly permitted in your license agreement for these Programs, no part of these Programs may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, for any purpose. If the Programs are delivered to the United States Government or anyone licensing or using the Programs on behalf of the United States Government, the following notice is applicable: U.S. GOVERNMENT RIGHTS Programs, software, databases, and related documentation and technical data delivered to U.S. Government customers are "commercial computer software" or "commercial technical data" pursuant to the applicable Federal Acquisition Regulation and agency-specific supplemental regulations. As such, use, duplication, disclosure, modification, and adaptation of the Programs, including documentation and technical data, shall be subject to the licensing restrictions set forth in the applicable Oracle license agreement, and, to the extent applicable, the additional rights set forth in FAR 52.227-19, Commercial Computer Software--Restricted Rights (June 1987). -
Java Programming Course Name: Mca – 5Th Semester Course Code: Mca18501cr
University of Kashmir Department of Computer Science JAVA PROGRAMMING COURSE NAME: MCA – 5TH SEMESTER COURSE CODE: MCA18501CR Teacher Incharge: Dr. Shifaa Basharat Contact: [email protected] 1 University of Kashmir Department of Computer Science PACKAGES: Package in Java is a mechanism to encapsulate a group of classes, sub packages and interfaces. Packages are used for: Re-usability: The classes contained in the packages of another program can be easily reused Name Conflicts: Packages help us to uniquely identify a class, for example, we can have two classes with the name Employee in two different packages, company.sales.Employee and company.marketing.Employee. Controlled Access: Offers access protection such as protected classes, default classes and private class. Protected and default have package level access control. A protected member is accessible by classes in the same package and its subclasses. A default member (without any access specifier) is accessible by classes in the same package only. Data Encapsulation: They provide a way to hide classes, preventing other programs from accessing classes that are meant for internal use only Maintenance: With packages, you can organize your project better and easily locate related classes Thus, package is a container of a group of related classes where some of the classes are accessible and are exposed and others are kept for internal purpose. We can reuse existing classes from the packages as many time as we need it in our program. Package names and directory structure are closely related. For example if a package name is college.staff.csc, then there are three directories, college, staff and csc such that csc is present in staff and staff is present college. -
FOSDEM 2006 – Saturday 25Th February (Part 1) 1/6
FOSDEM 2006 – Saturday 25th February (part 1) 1/6 10:00 OpenGroupware ▼ Opening Talks Tutorials KDE openSUSE Embedded Mozilla Tcl/Tk 13:00 (Janson) (H2215/Ferrer) (H.1301) (H.1302) (H.1308) (H.1309) +GNUstep (H.2111) (AW1.105) 13:00 lunch break 13:00 Movitation, 13:00 Opening and GNUstep devtools: Goals and 13:15 13:15 introduction GORM, StepTalk Opportunities Axel Hecht Nicolas Roard Systems VoIP 13:30 DTrace S. Krause-Harder, SETR LiveCD 13:30 M. Loeffler (Janson) (Lameere) 13:45 Jon Haslam Hector Oron 13:45 Mozilla 14:00 14:00 Kubuntu openSUSE Build 14:00 Foundation CoreData Intro to Plan9 SER Service Intro 14:15 14:15 Jonathan 14:15 G. Markham Sašo Kiselkov Tcl/Tk Uriel M. Jan Janak A. Schroeter, 14:30 Pereira 14:30 Ridell C. Schumacher, Optimizing 14:30 Mozilla Clif Flynt A. Bauer 14:45 14:45 Linux kernel 14:45 Europe 15:00 15:00 Open SUSE Linux and apps 15:00 Tristan Nitot Web applicationsGUI for DTrace Asterisk M.Opdenacker 15:15 Jon Haslam Mark 15:15 Key Devroom Power Mngmt 15:15 SeaMonkey with SOPE ASIC 15:30 Spencer 15:30 Signing Timo Hoenig, Lock-free data 15:30 Project Marcus Mueller verification 15:45 15:45 Holger Macht exchange for 15:45 Robert Kaiser Karel Nijs Real-Time apps 16:00 16:00 SUSE Linux 16:00 Xen Speex Asterisk Marketing Peter Soetens Flock GNUstep on the Hecl: 10.2: 16:15 Ian Pratt J.-M. Valin 16:15 Mark KDE 16:15 Z. Braniecki Zaurus PDA scripting Quo vadis ? 16:30 16:30 Spencer Sebastian Alsa SoC layer16:30 Nicolaus Schaller for mobiles Kügler M.Loeffler,C.Thiel D.N.Welton 16:45 16:45 Liam Girdwood 16:45 Mozilla 17:00 Closing Talks (Janson) 17:00 17:00 Project BOF 17:15 17:15 17:15 FOSDEM Donators Return 17:30 17:30 17:45 17:45 17:30 FSF Europe Opening Talks (Janson) Hacker Rooms LPI Exam Sessions 10:00 FOSDEM Core Staff Welcome Speech Building H: H2213 Saturday 13:00-14:30 10:30 Keynote Building AW: AW1.117 (H2214) 15:00-16:30 Richard M.