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Women in STEM SCIENCE “Science is competitive, aggressive, demanding. COOL It is also imaginative, inspiring, uplifting.” JOBS — Vera Cooper Rubin, astronomer Deep-Sea Research Projected Job Technician Top 5: Growth in Science According to the U.S. Bureau of Solve some of the mysteries of the sea by collecting deep-sea animals from oceans across 1. Environmental scientists, 25% Labor Statistics, the world, extracting and sequencing their DNA, 2. Hydrologists, 24% and using statistics to understand the ecological 3. Geoscientists, 22% the number and evolutionary processes. 4. Medical scientists, 20% of science- 5. Biochemists & biophysicists, 16% related jobs will increase “It is the tension between HISTORIC Lisa Meitner at a rate faster creativity and WOMEN 1878-1968 than the skepticism national average that has produced the With a PhD in physics, Meitner helped between now stunning and unexpected discover and name the radiochemical findings of science.” process of nuclear fission, which led to and 2016. the development of the atomic bomb. Her collaborator Otto Hahn won the Nobel Prize — Carl Sagan in 1944, but Meitner was overlooked. Women make up 47% of the total U.S. workforce but are less represented Minority women HISTORIC in some science occupations: Mae Jemison comprise fewer than WOMEN 1956- About 28% of environmental scientists and geoscientists 1 in 10 Mae C. Jemison is the first African are women employed scientists American female astronaut. In 1992, and engineers. she flew into space aboard the 39% of chemists and materials Endeavour, becoming the first scientists are women African American woman in space. "Science is not a boy's COOL game; it's not a girl's game. HISTORIC Rosalind Franklin JOBS WOMEN 1920-1958 It's everyone's Clean Energy: game. Franklin was a chemist and X-ray Wind Power It's about where we are crystallographer, and her X-rays of diffraction and where we're going.” images of DNA led to Watson and Crick’s discovery of the DNA double helix. The two men — Nichelle Nichols, Harness the power of the wind by discovering how were awarded the Nobel Prize in 1962; Franklin had to use technology to convert its kinetic energy into former NASA ambassador died of ovarian cancer four years earlier. electricity to build wind farms and provide the world and actress with a clean source of renewable energy. Sources: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics; National Science Foundation, Science & Engineering Indicators, 2014; U.S. Department of Labor and U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, Women in the Labor Force: A Databook, 2014 Published by INSIGHT Into Diversity ©2015 Potomac Publishing, Inc. Technology “It is impossible to work in information technology HISTORIC Ada Lovelace 1815-1852 without also engaging in social engineering.” WOMEN — Jaron Lanier Lovelace, a writer and mathematician, is best known for writing the first algorithm meant to be carried out by a general-purpose computer. Because It is predicted of this work, she is considered the COOL first computer programmer. JOBS that there will be 1 million Social more computing Roboticist Fastest-Growing jobs than there Top 5: Tech Jobs are students Design robots that are able to interact, to fill them by 1. DevOps engineer communicate, and connect with humans and 2. iOS developer can conduct a variety of tasks. Develop new 3. Data scientist approaches for how these social robots can 2020. impact our lives in unique and useful ways. 4. UX designer 5. UI developer HISTORIC Grace Hopper U.S. millennials COOL WOMEN 1906-1992 ranked dead last out of 19 JOBS countries tested Hopper helped program the Harvard in problem Game Mark I computer in 1944 and invented Programming a compiler to translate computer code solving with into an executable file, which laid the technology. groundwork for the first computer Bring unique video game concepts to programming language. She also served life by writing code that will become a as rear admiral in the U.S. Navy. playable video game. Set the scene by programming the audio, graphics, special effects, and artificial intelligence to create the ultimate player experience. “Technology made large populations Less than 2.4% of possible; HISTORIC Hedy Lamarr college students 1914-2000 large populations now WOMEN graduate with make technology a degree in indispensable.” Widely known as a popular film computer science. actress, Lamarr also helped invent — Joseph Wood Krutch spread-spectrum and frequency- hopping technology to defend against Axis-power radio jamming during World War II. The system became the basis of today’s Wi-Fi, Bluetooth, and In 2013, help-wanted wireless and cordless communication. For her work, Lamarr was inducted into the ads for software developers National Inventors Hall of Fame in 2014. were up from 2012. 120% Sources: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics; Code.org; Change the Equation, Does Not Compute, 2015; TheLadders engineering Engineering Bachelor’s Degrees “Engineering is a form of art and has filled the Top 5: (by salary potential) world with things of obvious visual beauty, 1. Petroleum engineering but also with subtle forms.” 2. Nuclear engineering — Louis Brown 3. Chemical engineering 4. Electronics & communications engineering 5. Electrical & computer engineering Engineers enjoy Although women make up nearly half greater job security, of the U.S. workforce, they are less with only a 3.8% represented in engineering occupations: Elizabeth “Elsie” Muriel unemployment HISTORIC Gregory MacGill 17.2% of industrial engineers are women WOMEN 1905-1980 rate. 15.6% of chemical engineers are women MacGill was the first female aircraft designer, 12.1% of civil engineers are women and during World War II, she streamlined mass production of fighter planes as an 8.3% of electrical and electronics aeronautical engineer. In addition to being engineers are women the first Canadian woman to earn a degree in electrical engineering, MacGill was an active 7.2% of mechanical engineers are women supporter of women’s rights. COOL In 2013, “Scientists JOBS engineering discover the world that exists; was the engineers Space Suit create the world that never was.” Engineer most popular — Theodore Von Karman Conceptualize and create space suits designed college for ultimate protection and functionality. Consider factors such as oxygen intake and pressure, thermal extremes, space debris, and movement and major flexibility to serve the needs of astronauts. choice for high school seniors. HISTORIC Lillian Moller Gilbreth WOMEN 1878-1972 COOL JOBS As an industrial engineer, Gilbreth designed products to make home life easier, such as 18% of the foot-pedal trash can and an improved Industrial Robotics electric can opener. She was one of the first bachelor’s working female engineers with a PhD, the Engineer first female engineering professor at Purdue degrees in University, and the first woman elected to the National Academy of Engineering. engineering are earned Design and build industrial robotic machinery from the ground up, as well as repair machines, Engineering majors enjoy the highest by women. having a hand in everything from designing and welding to wiring and programming to assembly median earnings: $92,000. and setup. Sources: Payscale.com; U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics; U.S. Department of Labor and Bureau of Labor Statistics, Women in the Labor Force: A Databook, 2014; CareerBuilder; Change the Equation analysis of U.S. Department of Education data, 2013; CTEq analysis of U.S. Census Bureau report on STEM graduates, 2014 Mathematics HISTORIC Emmy Noether WOMEN 1882-1935 “Pure mathematics is, in its way, the poetry of logical ideas.” Despite being barred from enrolling in college, going unpaid for her teaching, and being ousted from Nazi Germany for being — Albert Einstein Jewish, Noether’s work in abstract algebra and theoretical physics led to Albert Einstein calling her “the most significant creative mathematical genius thus far produced since Only 44% of the higher education of women began.” high school COOL seniors are proficient JOBS Highest-Paying Jobs in math. Of for Math Majors those, only Cryptographer Top 5: (bachelor’s degree) 17% said they are 1. Data scientist, $109,700 interested 2. Actuary, $97,900 Delve into the world of cyber security by 3. Senior actuarial analyst, $86,600 in pursuing considering factors that make software vulnerable 4. Statistical analyst, $74,700 careers in to hacking and developing solutions, such as inscription and encryption, to protect confidential 5. Actuarial analyst, $73,800 STEM fields. information and communications. COOL Since the HISTORIC Maryam Mirzakhani recession WOMEN 1977- JOBS began in 2007, Roller Coaster computer and In 2014, Mirzakhani became the first woman to win the Fields Medal, Designer math jobs considered the Nobel Prize of have grown mathematics. A native of Tehran, Iran, by 21%, which Mirzakhani is currently a professor of mathematics at Stanford University. Have fun designing and constructing these thrill is faster than rides with a knowledge of mathematical properties any other and physics. Keeping safety and structure in mind, make rides exciting with loops, embankments, and occupational “Without mathematics, there's nothing you natural scenery. category. can do. Everything around you is mathematics. Everything around you is numbers.” Sources: PayScale.com; Business Higher Education Forum, Meeting the STEM Workforce Demand: Accelerating Math Learning Among Students Interested in STEM, 2011; Brookings Institution, Still Searching: Job Vacancies and STEM Skills, 2014 — Shakuntala Devi, Indian writer and mental calculator, known as the “human computer”.
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