DOCSLIB.ORG

Mountaineering in the Rongdo Valley, East Karakoram⸺Past Ascents and Future Potential

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Mountaineering in the Rongdo Valley, East Karakoram⸺Past Ascents and Future Potential MOUNTAINEERING IN THE RONGDO VALLEY, EAST KARAKORAM⸺PAST ASCENTS AND FUTURE POTENTIAL Prepared as an online report for the American Alpine Journal July 2020 Keith Goffin Cover photograph: Unclimbed Yonchap Kangri, 6080m, Rongdo Valley [Photograph: Keith Goffin]. Report © Keith Goffin Kirchheim unter Teck, Germany July 2020, Version 2020 F1.3 [email protected] Contents INTRODUCTION ..................................................................................................................................... 1 DESCRIPTION OF RONGDO VALLEY .................................................................................................. 2 HISTORY OF RONGDO MOUNTAINEERING ..................................................................................... 11 DETAILS OF PREVIOUS ASCENTS ................................................................................................... 18 1) Balden Lhamo West Summit (Rongdo III) ................................................................................ 18 2) Chamba (Rongdo II) ................................................................................................................. 19 3) Ngapo Kangri (Rongdo I) ......................................................................................................... 20 4) Gazgazri ................................................................................................................................... 21 5) Sa’i Lhamo ............................................................................................................................... 23 6) Khyung Kangri .......................................................................................................................... 24 7) Chu Skeyes Kangri ................................................................................................................... 26 8) Langpoche ................................................................................................................................ 26 9) Odgsal I .................................................................................................................................... 27 10) Odgsal II ................................................................................................................................... 27 11) Charok Kangri .......................................................................................................................... 27 12) Mariushri ................................................................................................................................... 29 13) Tara .......................................................................................................................................... 30 14) Amitabha .................................................................................................................................. 31 15) Rangston Gyathok .................................................................................................................... 32 16) Phokto Scheyok ....................................................................................................................... 34 17) Tashispa Ri .............................................................................................................................. 35 SIGNIFICANT UNCLIMBED PEAKS .................................................................................................... 38 1) Rongdo IV 6190m ..................................................................................................................... 38 2) Satti Kangri 6520m .................................................................................................................... 39 3) Unnamed Peak above Rongdo Gompa 6110m ........................................................................ 40 4) Yonchap Kangri 6080m ............................................................................................................. 41 5) Peak X2 6160m ......................................................................................................................... 43 6) Balden Lhamo (Rongdo III) 6180m ........................................................................................... 44 7) Island Peak 6245m ................................................................................................................... 45 8) Odgsal III 6020m ....................................................................................................................... 46 9) Point 6064 ................................................................................................................................. 47 10) Unnamed Peak near Amitabha 6190m ..................................................................................... 48 REFERENCES ...................................................................................................................................... 49 APPENDIX ............................................................................................................................................ 52 MOUNTAINEERING IN THE RONGDO VALLEY, EAST KARAKORAM: PAST ASCENTS AND FUTURE POTENTIAL Keith Goffin INTRODUCTION The stunning Rongdo Valley is located in an area enclosed by the ‘Great Bend’ of the Shyok River in Nubra, northwest India. Administratively, it belongs to Ladakh (recently and controversially separated from the state of Jammu & Kashmir), whereas its mountains are designated as part of the East Karakoram. It was Chewang Motup of Rimo Expeditions who first recognized the mountaineering potential of the valley and his company has provided support to all of the 11 (approved) expeditions that have visited, starting from 2005. A total of 17 peaks have now been climbed, with some second ascents having been made, but there are still numerous peaks and new routes waiting to be climbed. The Survey of India’s (SOI) 1:50,000 maps of Rongdo are reputed to be excellent but their export is banned under Indian law due to the tense geo-political situation in this part of India, which borders both Pakistan and China. Consequently, the readily- available Swiss Olizane (2013) 1:150,000 map is the standard reference for mountaineers, although climbers should be aware that the map includes several mistakes in spot heights and the naming of peaks and glaciers. Google Earth is a useful planning tool, especially as photographs of some parts of the Rongdo Valley are not yet available, but mountaineers should be aware that heights on Google are also subject to error. The challenges awaiting mountaineers in Rongdo are inspiring⸺unclimbed 6000m peaks, new snow and ice routes, and big walls of solid golden granite. However, it is a challenge to obtain official permission to climb in this area of India. The approval process is coordinated by the Indian Mountaineering Foundation (IMF) in Delhi and it is mandatory to obtain explicit permission from both the Indian Army and the Ministry of Home Affairs (MHA). Only after the Army’s approval has been confirmed in writing by the MHA, will the IMF send an approval letter that can be used for obtaining the coveted ‘MX’ visas (specific visas for mountaineering) from an Indian embassy. This process typically takes five-eight months and can be unpredictable even up until the last minute. This is due to the geo-political situation, with recurrent incidents occurring along the borders with China and Pakistan. It should be remembered that the upper Rongdo Valley is only about 30 km from the border with Chinese-controlled territory and the Line of Actual Control (LAC) is disputed. This latter point was demonstrated by the deadly June 2020 clashes in the Galwan Valley, which is a side valley from the upper Shyok. However, for those with the patience to deal with the paperwork and the associated uncertainty, the reward is access to a valley with a stunning landscape, almost no visitors, inspiring views, and friendly locals. Acknowledgements Many thanks to the following people (in alphabetical order) who shared their expertise, photographs and reports: Jeff Dolinsky, Ralph Eberle, Tsewang Gyalson, Lindsay Griffin, Dan Jantzen, Eberhard Jurgalski, Chewang Motup, Divyesh Muni, Masato Oki, Tobias Pfefferkorn, Ed Poulter, Graham Rowbotham, V.K. Sashindran, Joie Seagram, Andy Selters, Kristjan-Erik Suurväli, and Todd Swain. 1 Mountaineers should be aware that if they attempt unapproved (‘pirate’) expeditions to Nubra and Rongdo, they risk being banned from further climbing in the Indian Himalaya. In 2018, an officer from a nearby army camp had been briefed to check the paperwork of the expeditions entering the Rongdo valley. Such spot checks are likely to continue in the future. Furthermore, in such a sensitive border area, unapproved expeditions bring the very real threat that the whole area could be closed to mountaineers⸺which would be a huge loss. The recent border clash in the Galwan Valley will mean that there will be even greater Indian military presence in the Nubra region in the future. There has been some confusion in the past about which peaks have been climbed in Rongdo. Therefore, this summary not only gives a general description of Rongdo but also provides a detailed summary of previous attempts and ascents, complemented by the identification of interesting possibilities for the future. The summary is based on extensive research: collating the information in expedition reports and sketch maps; assessing peak coordinates and heights; and comparing photographs
Load more

Recommended publications
  • US Female Mountaineers Travel Abroad, 1890-1915
    Jenny Ernie-Steighner Thinking Gender 2009 Conference Paper January 23, 3009 Delightful Escapes: U. S. Female Mountaineers Travel Abroad, 1890-1915 I would like to start this afternoon by sharing two primary documents with you. The first is an editorial note describing a “Mrs. Workman.” The second is a letter sent to a Miss Annie S. Peck. Though many of us today know little, if anything, about either of these women, the following two documents reveal an impressive contemporaneous familiarity with both Mrs. Workman (more commonly known as Fanny Bullock Workman) and Annie S. Peck. On June 2nd, 1910 the editor of the well-circulated British newspaper The Independent described Bullock Workman thus: Mrs. Workman, who is a native of Worcester, Mass., is an Officer l’Instruction Publique of France and a fellow of the Royal Geographical Society, London. Major Darwin, the president of the society, said after Mrs. Workman read her paper on the Hispar Journey before it last December: ‘I believe I am right in saying that the feats accomplished by Mrs. Workman are more remarkable in the way of mountaineering than those which have been accomplished ever before by any of her sex. Whether I ought to make that limitation or not I am rather doubtful, but, at all events, with that limitation it will not be denied.1 Approximately fourteen years prior a young fourteen-year-old boy from Grand Rapids, Michigan wrote to Peck (who had recently summited the Matterhorn) with the hopes of gaining her signature. His letter read: Dear Madam, … I collect autographs.
    [Show full text]
  • Eric Overmyer's on the Verge a Production Focusing on Feminine Values Beth Stadem-Carlson
    University of North Dakota UND Scholarly Commons Theses and Dissertations Theses, Dissertations, and Senior Projects 5-1-1992 Eric Overmyer's on the Verge a Production Focusing on Feminine Values Beth Stadem-Carlson Follow this and additional works at: https://commons.und.edu/theses Recommended Citation Stadem-Carlson, Beth, "Eric Overmyer's on the Verge a Production Focusing on Feminine Values" (1992). Theses and Dissertations. 647. https://commons.und.edu/theses/647 This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by the Theses, Dissertations, and Senior Projects at UND Scholarly Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in Theses and Dissertations by an authorized administrator of UND Scholarly Commons. For more information, please contact [email protected]. ERIC OVERMYER'S ON THE VERGE A PRODUCTION FOCUSING ON FEMININE VALUES by Beth Stadem-Carlson Bachelor of Science, Moorhead State College, 1974 A Thesis Submitted to the Graduate Faculty of the University of North Dakota in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts Grand Forks, North Dakota May 1992 ( This Thesis submitted by Beth Stadem-Carlson in par­ tial fulfillment of the requirements for the Degree of Master of Arts from the University of North Dakota has been read by the Faculty Advisory Committee under whom the work has been done, and is hereby approved. This Thesis meets the standards for appearance and conforms to the style and format requirements of the Graduate School of the University of North Dakota, and is hereby approved. «*=- Permission Title Eric Overmyer's On the Verge : A Production Focusing on Feminine Values________________ Department____Theatre Arts_________________________ Degree Master of Arts_______________________ In presenting this thesis in partial fulfillment of the requirements for a graduate degree from the University of North Dakota, I agree that the Library of this Univer­ sity shall make it freely available for inspection.
    [Show full text]
  • Rhetoric, Politics, and Feminism in the Texts and Life of Annie Smith Peck Hannah Scialdone-Kimberly Old Dominion University
    Old Dominion University ODU Digital Commons English Theses & Dissertations English Spring 2012 Woman at the Top: Rhetoric, Politics, and Feminism in the Texts and Life of Annie Smith Peck Hannah Scialdone-Kimberly Old Dominion University Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.odu.edu/english_etds Part of the American Literature Commons, Rhetoric Commons, and the Women's Studies Commons Recommended Citation Scialdone-Kimberly, Hannah. "Woman at the Top: Rhetoric, Politics, and Feminism in the Texts and Life of Annie Smith Peck" (2012). Doctor of Philosophy (PhD), dissertation, English, Old Dominion University, DOI: 10.25777/5jnc-x575 https://digitalcommons.odu.edu/english_etds/65 This Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by the English at ODU Digital Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in English Theses & Dissertations by an authorized administrator of ODU Digital Commons. For more information, please contact [email protected]. WOMAN AT THE TOP: RHETORIC, POLITICS, AND FEMINISM IN THE TEXTS AND LIFE OF ANNIE SMITH PECK by Hannah Scialdone-Kimberley B.A. May 1996, University of New Mexico M.A. August 1998, University of New Mexico A Dissertation Submitted to the Faculty of Old Dominion University in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY ENGLISH OLD DOMINION UNIVERSITY May 2012 Approved by: David Metzger Dana Heller [ember) UMI Number: 3510626 All rights reserved INFORMATION TO ALL USERS The quality of this reproduction is dependent on the quality of the copy submitted. In the unlikely event that the author did not send a complete manuscript and there are missing pages, these will be noted.
    [Show full text]
  • Scottish Geographical Magazine Amid the Snows of Baltistan
    This article was downloaded by: [Universitaetsbibliothek Giessen] On: 18 October 2014, At: 04:06 Publisher: Routledge Informa Ltd Registered in England and Wales Registered Number: 1072954 Registered office: Mortimer House, 37-41 Mortimer Street, London W1T 3JH, UK Scottish Geographical Magazine Publication details, including instructions for authors and subscription information: http://www.tandfonline.com/loi/rsgj19 Amid the snows of Baltistan Fanny Bullock Workman F.R.S.G.S., M.R.A.S. Published online: 27 Feb 2008. To cite this article: Fanny Bullock Workman F.R.S.G.S., M.R.A.S. (1901) Amid the snows of Baltistan, Scottish Geographical Magazine, 17:2, 74-86, DOI: 10.1080/00369220108733225 To link to this article: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00369220108733225 PLEASE SCROLL DOWN FOR ARTICLE Taylor & Francis makes every effort to ensure the accuracy of all the information (the “Content”) contained in the publications on our platform. However, Taylor & Francis, our agents, and our licensors make no representations or warranties whatsoever as to the accuracy, completeness, or suitability for any purpose of the Content. Any opinions and views expressed in this publication are the opinions and views of the authors, and are not the views of or endorsed by Taylor & Francis. The accuracy of the Content should not be relied upon and should be independently verified with primary sources of information. Taylor and Francis shall not be liable for any losses, actions, claims, proceedings, demands, costs, expenses, damages, and other liabilities whatsoever or howsoever caused arising directly or indirectly in connection with, in relation to or arising out of the use of the Content.
    [Show full text]
  • Fanny Bullock Workman Brief Life of a Feisty Mountaineer: 1859-1925 by Thomas H
    VITA Fanny Bullock Workman Brief life of a feisty mountaineer: 1859-1925 by thomas H. pauly t a 1907 meeting of the Royal Geographical Society, in Lon- tance to altitude sickness. Above 18,000 feet, climbers commonly don, William Hunter Workman, M.D. 1873, spoke of his re- experience intensifying dizziness, weakness, and the threat of fa- Acent expedition into the Nun Kun area of the Himalayas. In tal edemas. These effects can fell the strongest yet bypass those introducing Workman, the society’s president said that only three with far less stamina, thus diminishing the advantages men rou- climbers to date—Workman, his wife, and another RGS mem- tinely enjoy in other sports. Fanny’s naturally slow pace made ber—had pushed beyond 23,000 feet. Because the RGS allowed swift ascents impossible, so her assaults had to be carefully women into meetings as invited guests, the president explained planned with routes she could manage and multiple overnight Fanny Workman’s conspicuous absence by noting that she was do- camps, allowing her to acclimate to higher elevations and replen- ing “something more arduous than climbing 23,000 feet”: giving 30 ish her energy. Ironically, her own limitations revealed to her this lectures on her mountaineering successes in 37 days. Following her cornerstone principle of high-peak mountaineering. seventh and final trip into the Himalayas, the RGS included her in She then immersed herself in writing her conquests up in books the first group of women to be awarded membership. quite different from her previous works in their affectation of sci- The Himalayan expeditions affirmed Fanny Workman’s ambi- entific expertise.
    [Show full text]
  • Inventory Acc.9893 Workman
    Acc.9893 January 2012 Inventory Acc.9893 Workman National Library of Scotland Manuscripts Division George IV Bridge Edinburgh EH1 1EW Tel: 0131-466 2812 Fax: 0131-466 2811 E-mail: [email protected] © Trustees of the National Library of Scotland Correspondence, journals, accounts, photographs, maps and miscellaneous papers, 1885-1937, n.d., of Fanny Bullock Workman, the American explorer and her husband, Dr William Hunter Workman. Printed items and some photographs have been transferred to the Department of Printed Books. 1. Correspondence and miscellaneous papers, 1885-1911, n.d. 2. Letterbook, 1894-7, containing rough drafts of letters concerning publications. With some loose drafts and replies from publishers to W H Workman. Journals of Fanny Bullock Workman 3. Germany and Italy, 1892, n.d. 4. Italy, 1892. 5. Algeria, 1894. 6. France, 1894, Holland, 1896. 7. Italy, 1894. 8. Switzerland, 1895. 9. Algeria and Spain, 1895. 10. Egypt, 1896. 11. Ceylon, 1897-8. 12. India, 1898-9. 13. India, 1899. 14. Himalayas, 1899-1900. 15. Indian notebook, 1902-3. 16. India, 1902-3, Himalayas, 1906, 1908. 17. Himalayas, 1906, 1908. 18. Himalayas, 1911.1 19. Himalayas, 1912. Journals of William Hunter Workman 20. Spain, 1895. 21. Spain, 1895. 22. France, 1895. 23. Ceylon and India, 1897-8. 24. India and Java, 1898-9. 25. Himalayas, Cambodia, France and England, 1899-1900. 26. Himalayas, 1902-3. 27. Himalayas, 1903. 28. Himalayas, 1905-6. 29. Himalayas, 1907-8, 1911. 30. Himalayas, 1911. 31. Himalayas, 1912. Accounts 32. ‘Personal expenses’, 1905-11. 33. ‘Cash Account’, 1912-19. 34. ‘Cash Account’, 1919-24. 35.
    [Show full text]
  • First Exploration of the Hoh Lumba and Sosbon Glaciers: Two Pioneer Ascents in the Himalaya Author(S): Fanny Bullock Workman Source: the Geographical Journal, Vol
    First Exploration of the Hoh Lumba and Sosbon Glaciers: Two Pioneer Ascents in the Himalaya Author(s): Fanny Bullock Workman Source: The Geographical Journal, Vol. 27, No. 2 (Feb., 1906), pp. 129-141 Published by: The Royal Geographical Society (with the Institute of British Geographers) Stable URL: http://www.jstor.org/stable/1776665 . Accessed: 21/12/2014 20:23 Your use of the JSTOR archive indicates your acceptance of the Terms & Conditions of Use, available at . http://www.jstor.org/page/info/about/policies/terms.jsp . JSTOR is a not-for-profit service that helps scholars, researchers, and students discover, use, and build upon a wide range of content in a trusted digital archive. We use information technology and tools to increase productivity and facilitate new forms of scholarship. For more information about JSTOR, please contact [email protected]. The Royal Geographical Society (with the Institute of British Geographers) is collaborating with JSTOR to digitize, preserve and extend access to The Geographical Journal. http://www.jstor.org This content downloaded from 128.235.251.160 on Sun, 21 Dec 2014 20:23:03 PM All use subject to JSTOR Terms and Conditions The GeographicalJournal. No. 2. FEBRUARY, 1906. VOL. XXVII. FIRST EXPLORATION OF THE HOH LUMBA AND SOSBON GLACIERS.* TWO PIONEER ASCENTS IN THE HIMALAYA, By FANNY BULLOCK WORKMAN, F.R.S.G.S., Officier de l'Instruction Publique de France. A YEARago Dr. Hunter Workman read a paper before this Society relating to the Chogo Lungma glacier. The paper to-night describes our exploration of the Hoh Lumba and Sosbon glaciers, and moun- taineering experiences on the Chogo Lungma not touched upon by him.
    [Show full text]
  • Powder Steps
    THE VERMONT PHCBNIX, BRATTLEBORO, FRIDAY, DECEMBER 7, 1906. NEW COUNTY OFFICERS. Mr. Trask wrapped a rug about her and BODY IN THE RUINS IN OUR OWN STATE throw water over her. Nearly all her clothing was burned oil. Officials Elected In September Filed Bonds William 13. Adams. 40 years a well Dec. 1 Sheriff Thompson's List of known merchant In Montpeller, died Deputies, Tuesday from ulceration of tho stomach, George Waterhouse Perished in Three Killed, 30 Injured in Rail Ho was president of tho Montpeller board Tho Windham county officers chosen at of trndo, president of tho Wotmoro & This is the package that His Home in West Townshcnd tho September election wero sworn into road Wreck at Vergennes Mnrno nrnnttn pnmnanv. director In tho omco Saturday In tho county clerk's of- First Nntlonnl bank and trustco of tho fice. They wero: Assistant Judges of tho Wood art gallery. brings to your table the county court, Frank Wordcn of Halifax William J. Hlcks's farmhouso about two and Fred B. Pier of Rawsonvtllo; Fire Which Destroyed House stato's Gravel miles north of Bennington vlllngo was best and freshest of all How the attorney, Robert C. Bacon of Brattleboro ; Train Dashed Into Passenger burned Friday morning. Tho flro caught Started Is Unknown Victim Was a sheriff, Arthur II. Thompson of Bellows Coaches Air Drakes Failed to Work from a chlmnoy which wns burning out. Falls; bailiff, A. of Brattlo-bor- o; Biscuit and Crackers. Veteran of the Civil War. John Davis Some Qrewsome Reports. A largo part of tho houeohold effects wero judges of the probato court, Z.
    [Show full text]
  • Explorateurs Du Karakoram (Karakorum) : Route De La Soie, Yonghusband, Mummery, Bullocks Du Cachemire KASHMIR EXPLORATION - Page 1/2
    Explorateurs du Karakoram (Karakorum) : Route de la soie, Yonghusband, Mummery, Bullocks du Cachemire KASHMIR EXPLORATION - page 1/2 - The silk road 1821, William Moorcroft 1835, GT Vigne 1847, Vans Agrew and Yong 1848, A. Kunningham, H. Strachey, T. Thomson 1855, Herman, Adolf and Robert Schlagintweit 1856, Thomas Mongomerie 1861, Henry Haversham Godwin Austen 1862, Frederic Drew 1868, G. Hayward 1887, F. Yonghusband 1890, George Robertson 1892, George Cockeril 1895, A.F. Mummery 1898, Fanny Bullock Workman and William Hunter Workman 1899, Arthur Neve 1902, expédition internationale au K2 1908, Fanny Bullock Workman and William Hunter Workman 1909, Duc des Abruzzes 1912, Fanny Bullock Workman and William Hunter Workman 1913, Filippo de Filippi, Dainelli, Henry Wood 1914, Filippo de Filippi 1922, le dr Visser 1929, Duc Aimone Roberto di Savoïa-Aosta 1930, Giotto Fainelli 1934, G.O. Dyhrenfurth 1936, H. de Ségogne 1937, B. Tilman and Eric Shipton file:///D|/Program%20Files/EasyPHP/www/2_histoire/21_exploration/botm_exploration_himalaya.htm (1 sur 20) [24/02/2006 19:17:34] Explorateurs du Karakoram (Karakorum) : Route de la soie, Yonghusband, Mummery, Bullocks du Cachemire 1938, Charles Houston 1939, F.H. Wiesner, E. Shipton 1946, J.O. Roberts THE SILK ROAD : The Silk Road went through the Oriental Karakoram. As from Ladakh at Sin-Kiang, the caravans which were heavily loaded with precious goods had to go through the Karakoram mountain range and then through Kun Lun. The trip took one month and they left before the rivers got too high. The exhausting passes were waiting for them ; the most feared were the Saser La (means "Yellow Earth") at 5300m between the Nubra and Shylok valleys and the Karakoram pass at 5575m.
    [Show full text]
  • Women in Glaciology, a Historical Perspective. J. Glaciol., 56
    944 Journal of Glaciology, Vol. 56, No. 200, 2010 Women in glaciology, a historical perspective Christina L. HULBE,1 Weili WANG,2 Simon OMMANNEY3 1Department of Geology, Portland State University, PO Box 751, Portland, Oregon 97207-0751, USA E-mail: [email protected] 2NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Code 614.1, Greenbelt, Maryland 20771, USA 3Emeritus Associate, Scott Polar Research Institute ABSTRACT. Women’s history in glaciology extends as far back in time as the discipline itself, although their contributions to the scientific discourse have for all of that history been constrained by the socio- political contexts of the times. The first Journal of Glaciology paper authored by a woman appeared in 1948, within a year of the founding of the Journal, but it was not until the 1980s that women produced more than a few percent of Journal and Annals of Glaciology papers. Here international perspectives on women’s participation in the sciences are presented in order to establish an economic and socio- political context for stories of women ‘pioneers’ in glaciology and a frame in which to discuss women’s persistent under-representation relative to men. We find that the experiences of individual glaciologists mirror women’s experiences in higher education and the sciences as a whole. The existence of both positive and negative trends in women’s participation in the sciences suggests caution in the interpretation of recent positive trends for women’s participation in glaciology. 1. HISTORICAL CONTEXT women’s participation both waxes and wanes due to 1.1. Histories of women in science identifiable economic and social forcings.
    [Show full text]
  • Selected Highlights in Womens Alpinism
    A W o m an’s P lace is O n T op Selected highlights in womens alpinism. M o lly L o o m is 18 0 8 : 18-year-old Marie Paradis (France) becomes the first woman to summit Mont Blanc (15,771'). 18 6 7 : Frances Case and Mary Robinson make the first women’s ascent of Mt. Hood, Oregon. 18 7 1 : Lucy Walker (Britain) becomes the first woman to summit the Matterhorn. Walker, a woman who pursued climbing with passion and determination, is considered by many to have been the first real female mountaineer. 1 8 9 0 : Fay Fuller becomes the first woman to summit Mt. Rainier, Washington. 18 9 7 : Annie Smith Peck scales El Pico de Orizaba (18,700') and Popocatépetl (17,883') in Mexico. These were the highest points yet reached by a woman. 1 8 9 9 : Fanny Bullock Workman (Britain), Karakoram pioneer, makes the first ascents of Mt. Bullock Workman (19,450'), Mt. Koser (21,000'), and Mt. Lungma (22,500') 1901: Beatrice Tomasson climbs the South Face of Marmolada in the Dolomites, one o f the hardest climbs o f the day. 1906: Workman ascends Pinnacle Peack (22,810') in the Nun Kun, India, the highest point yet reached by a woman. 1 9 0 7 : The Ladies’ Alpine Club is formed in Britain. Elizabeth Le Blond is elected the club’s first president. 1 9 0 8 : Peck makes the first ascent of Huascaran Norte (21,812') in Peru. A debate ensues between Peck and Work­ man as to whose peak is higher, and thereby which woman holds the female altitude record.
    [Show full text]
  • 2021 Summer Learning Activities
    2021 SUMMER LEARNING ACTIVITIES June 2021 Dear Secondary Parents / 亲爱的中学部家长 / 친애하는 중고등학교 학부모님께 As we step into another summer after a wonderful school year, we wanted to provide your students with some resources to keep the learning going as they prepare for the coming 2021-2022 school year. 在一个美好的学年结束后，我们将迎来又一个暑假，我们希望为您的孩子提供一些资源让他们继续学习，为 即将到来的 2021-2022 学年做准备。 이번 학년도가 끝나고 여름 방학에 들어가기 전에 학생들이 방학 동안에도 계속해서 공부하면서 2021-2022 신학기를 준비할 수 있도록 몇 가지 학습 자료를 제공하고자 합니다. In this workbook, we have grade-appropriate English and Math resources, designed to help your student keep the learning fresh and going. We would also recommend students use the following websites as needed in areas where they need more support or would like to further investigate a subject-area: 在本练习册中，我们有适合各年级的英语和数学资料，旨在帮助您的孩子保持学习动力和持续性。我们也建 议学生在需要更多支持或希望在某一学科领域更精深探讨时，使用以下网站的帮助: 제공되는 워크북 안에는 학생들이 배운 내용을 계속 기억하고, 배울 수 있도록 학년 별로 적합하게 고안된 영어 및 수학 학습 자료들이 들어가 있습니다. 또한 학생들이 도움이 필요한 부분이 있거나, 과목 별 영역에서 더 공부하기를 원하는 경우, 아래의 웹 사이트를 활용하는 것을 권장합니다. - www.ixl.com - https://www.khanacademy.org/ The English resources enclosed to do not have an answer key provided. We would encourage students to use IXL as needed to measure their growth and confidence in those topic areas. The math resources do include answer keys. 附上的英文资料中没有提供参考答案。我们鼓励学生根据需要使用 IXL 来衡量他们在这些主题领域所取得的 进步和信心。数学资料有提供参考答案。 영어 자료에는 답안지가 들어가 있지 않습니다. 학생들이 필요에 따라 IXL 을 활용하여 해당 영역에서의 향상도와 자신감을 측정하기를 권장합니다. 수학 자료에는 답안지가 포함되어 있습니다. Students may turn in completed workbooks at the start of the 2021-2022 school year to give teachers an idea of their progress and understanding of skills, but no grades will be given.
    [Show full text]