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Jio's Internet Revolution in India

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Jio's Internet Revolution in India JIO’S INTERNET REVOLUTION IN INDIA MOHAMMAD SHAAF NAJIB Reliance Jio Infocomm Limited, To comprehend the upswing of the group as per which Mukesh commonly referred to as Jio, a Jio Platforms it is important to Ambani got the ownership of the subsidiary of Jio platforms and understand the rise of Reliance core petrochemicals business, owned by Reliance Industries is Industries. Reliance Industries Ltd while an Indian telecommunications Anil Ambani took over Reliance company launched in December Reliance was founded in 1966 by Communications, the telecom 2015 and became publicly Dhirubhai Ambani as a trading arm of the group which had available in September 2016. business, which over the span of been established recently along India is now the second largest nearly four decades expanded with bunch of other entities and telecommunications market in the into the manufacturing sector, thus forming the Reliance-Anil world with the telecom subscriber petrochemicals and oil, gas, and Dhirubhai Ambani Group. base reaching 1.15 billion by the petroleum industries. As a result, end of year 2020, as per a report by Reliance from a small trading The brothers signed a non- Statista in February 2020. India has business became an industrial compete agreement for a decade, also become the world’s second powerhouse despite India’s but it fell apart mid-way. This paved largest internet consuming country restrictive policies during the the way for Mukesh Ambani’s with the average data consumption period of fantasizing socialism. Reliance Industries Limited to enter of 9.8 GB as the country’s internet Following Dhirubhai Ambani’s the telecom sector. This evolution subscriber base has now increased death in 2002, the Reliance industry of RIL following the non-compete from 250 million to 550 million was under major threat due to the agreement break up would go on in just three years. Reliance Jio’s power struggle between Mukesh to become the reason of India’s contribution to this surge in and Anil, Dhirubhai’s sons. In 2005, internet revolution a decade later. India’s telecommunication and Mukesh Ambani and Anil Ambani internet market has been pivotal. reached an agreement to split The Journey towards Jio Platforms In 2010, India decided to take the next Box 1: step forward in the development of What makes LTE so desirable? its telecommunications sector. The government started auctioning Long-Term Evolution, commonly referred to as LTE is the fourth the high-speed data access 3G and generation or 4G wireless standard aimed at increasing network 4G spectrums. Multiple telecom capacity and cellular devices speed. LTE is the technology used for companies were operating in wireless broadband communication between cellular devices and India at this time, focusing their data terminals, making use of GSM and UMTS technologies. efforts around upgrading their LTE offers a higher peak data transfer as compared to the 3G infrastructure and services only technology, with reduced latency, stable bandwidth capacity and to the 3G spectrum, and thus backward compatibility with existing technologies being used in did not buy the 4G spectrum. cellular devices. LTE also has an active role in the development of 5G Instead, the 4G, also referred to as technology. Summing, LTE can be referred to as the technology being the Broadband wireless-access employed in 4G telephone services. (BWA) auction was swept by a completely unknown company Voice over LTE (VoLTE) is an upgrade on the LTE technology, as named Infotel Broadband Services it uses a much more standardized system, especially for making Limited having just $32,000 in high-definition voice calls. As a result, users can make voice calls while using data services at high speed without changing the voice revenues and a single subscriber. quality in the call. On the contrary, the LTE technology carriers have The very next day, RIL announced introduced a circuit-switched fallback mechanism as per which having acquired Infotel, marking cellular devices using LTE technology fall back to 2G or 3G networks for the return of Mukesh Ambani into the duration of the call. the telecommunications sector 29 www.pide.org.pk following losing his dream project there being a smaller universe of calling and 100 free SMS per day by Reliance Infocomm to brother Anil manufacturers.” RIL. This proved to be quite a miracle Ambani in the 2005 demerger. RIL in India’s price sensitive telecom also put its energies in establishing Time has shown, RIL’s investment in industry. Jio at the time of its launch a base for high-speed optical fiber the 4G infrastructure was as fruitful was already covering 18,000 cities 4G network across the country. as it could be. In September 2016, and towns along with over 200,000 RIL’s new telecom service called Jio villages in India, aiming to make The Wall Street Journal penned was formally launched, with special Jio’s services accessible to 90% down RIL having established itself focus on high-speed data instead of of Indian population in not more as the sole owner of 4G spectrum just voice and messaging services. than six months. Mukesh Ambani in India as: “By the time Mukesh Jio offered customers 4G internet was vocal about his objective to Ambani builds a 4G wireless with data plans amounting to 1GB gain 100 million customers as soon business, rivals will have had the per day at a time when all other as possible, and Jio, whose entry chance to sign up millions of telecom operators were offering into India’s telecom sector has customers for 3G services, leaving a 1GB data per month. Moreover, been nothing but revolutionary, by smaller pool of potential broadband they set the price during the initial mid-2020 had gained about 388 subscribers. Also, 4G technologies days at just INR 05 per GB while million customers while also are still being fine-tuned, whereas other companies offered in the carrying 70% of 4G traffic in India 3G networks have been up and range of INR 250-300 per GB. Jio during the year 2019. Consequently, running for years in other parts also became the first network in India’s average data consumption of the world. And 4G devices will India to provide 4G LTE services rose to 12GB per month in 2019, up likely be more expensive than 3G and VoLTE services. All the prime from 90MB in 2014. ones in the initial stages due to members were offered free voice Box 2: Why Swim Against the Tide? When the Indian government started auctioning spectrum for 3G and 4G, all telecom companies at the time put their money on 3G, while 4G was bought by a small sized firm called Infotel Broadband Services Limited. RIL bought that company and started its journey in the field of telecommunications. The real question is: At a time when all established Indian telecommunication companies were focusing on 3G, why did RIL become so interested in investing the 4G segment? In 2011, when Isha Ambani – daughter of Mukesh Ambani – was a student at Yale and had come back to her home in India for vacations. She was, however, unable to properly submit her coursework due to poor internet connectivity. This was when Mukesh Ambani, the head of RIL realized that the problem being faced by her daughter was not an isolated experience, but a shared problem in all of India. Alongside poor internet connectivity, Indian population was faced by overpriced data charges, making internet unaffordable for a significantly large number of people. Instead of just trying to install a better internet connection at his residence, Mukesh Ambani initiated his plans of working on the Jio Platforms to provide high speed internet facility to all of India at affordable rates. A simple realization from a father that the problem faced by my daughter is a problem faced by every Indian national became the basis of India’s telecom and internet revolution. More than just a Telecommunication Service Provider Jio was launched as a telecom- In 2016, Jio launched its first Next, co-developed with Google munication service provider, smartphone device through RIL’s is expected to be launched in focusing primarily on Broadband electronic retail outlets, Reliance September 2021. Wireless Access (BWA) - commonly Retail. Till now, Jio has launched referred to as the 4G LTE and VoLTE three different mobile series JioNet Wi-Fi is the free Wi-Fi services. Over the following few targeting different segments of the hotspot service that the company years, Jio widened its artillery by society. These mobile phone series provides in cities throughout the offering multiple products and have been named as LYF, JioPhone country. JioNet was started even services. and JioPhone 2. Another series before the Jio cellular services were of phone called as the JioPhone available to all of India. This way, INTERNET FOR ALL 30 Jio managed to make a mark in Jio has also launched multiple JioFiber is the initiative by Jio the market for itself even before it mobile phone applications. These Platforms to connect all of India had fully operationalized its cellular include a web browsing app for with high-speed broadband services. As part of JioNet Wi-Fi, Jio android phones, instant messaging internet through fiber optic cables. was able to provide free wi-fi facility and video calling applications, Since 2015, the company has been to spectators in six cricket stadiums entertainment apps, online expanding its fiber optic cable across India hosting the 2016 World payments app and a few others network and began testing the T20 cricket championship. focusing on various services for the service in 2018. It has been given users.
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