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ABSTRACT Collections of New Mexican Amphipod Crustaceans

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ABSTRACT Collections of New Mexican Amphipod Crustaceans ; Citation: Cole, G. A. 1988b. A report on the status of Amphipoda, including Gammarus desperatus in New Mexico. Report submitted to the Endangered Species Program, New Mexico Department of Game and Fish under Professional Services Contract 519-77-02, Santa Fe, New Mexico. ABSTRACT Collections of New Mexican amphipod crustaceans were made during the first week of May, 1988. In the Rio Honda, Lincoln Co., an adult female Gammarus and some immature specimens were found to be referable to G. lacustris Sars. Also, there were examples of Hyalella that differed morphologically from those taken at the other collecting sites. North Spring at the Roswell Country Club, Chaves Co., was found to have been roofed-over and walled-up. There were amplexing Hyalella beneath debris in a shallow spring outflow, but no examples of Gammarus desperatus Cole could be found. It was impossible to collect in the depression where _§. desperatus once occurred. In the Bitter Lake National Wildlife Refuge specimens of Hyalella were taken from a sinkhole and from a small section of lost River. These were much like the Hyalella from Roswell. Also from lost River an oviger­ our female Gammarus and a larger male were taken. The latter had lost most of its antennular flagella , but it could be compared to _!h desperatus. and other members of the Gammarus-pecos complex. Careful comparisons of these two specimens with data derived from study of _!h desperatus and closely related forms imply that the lost River animals are related very closely to..§..:_ desperatus and may be conspecific with it, despite some vari­ ation. A REPORT SUBMITTED TO THE NEW MEXICO DEPARTMENT OF GAME AND FISH ENDANGERED SPECIES PROGRAM Gerald A. Cole July 1988 On May 3, 1988, Gerald A. and Jean H. Cole began a collecting trip to New Mexico. The trip was planned to last three days leaving from Flagstaff, AZ., and travelling to the Bitter Lake National Wildlife Refuge With collecting stops along the way. On May 4 the search for amphipod crustaceans began at the Rio Hondo near Hondo, Lincoln County, NM. This site was just east of the junction of U. S. Route 70 and 380, off the main route where a silver-pa,inted iron bridge crosses the river below a small crudely built dam (Photos 1 and 2). In the grass and aquatic vegetation at the stream margins there occurred: snails, probably referable to Physa; amphipods referable to Hyalella and Gammarus. This collecting site will be referred to as Station A. At another place on the Rio Hondo, also in Lincoln Co., NM, more collections were made. This was about 4.9 miles east of Station A, on Route 70-380 east of Tinnie, NM, and the junction of State Route 368. Here a rusty metal bridge crosses the river. There was no nearby dam. Collecting done along the stream banks yielded some small specimens of Gammarus. This collecting site is designated Station B. In the afternoon of 4 May 1988 we reached the Roswell Country Club to look for Gammarus desperatus in North Spring. This site, in Chaves County, NM, is shown in Photos 3, 4, and 5; it is designated Station C. 2 We found that the spring had been roofed-over and sodded. A curved concrete wall, composed of four tiers of cinder blocks and topped in part by a layer of common building bricks, closed the downstream entrance to the spring except for a narrow space about 38 mm high between the lowest of the cinder blocks and a concrete apron that leads to a nearby golf-course pond. Water, 3-4 mm deep, flowed through the space from the walled-off and roofed-over spring. On the concrete apron were some cinder blocks, loose slabs of concrete, sticks and stones. Beneath there were many repre­ sentatives of Hyalella and some terrestrial isopods belonging to the genus Porcellio. Many of the Hyalella were paired in amplexus and some were gravid. However, no specimens of Gammarus were found at Station C. On May 5 we arrived at the Bitter Lake National Wildlife Refuge and were escorted by Lee Marlatt to two collecting sites in the Research Natural Area. The first of these, Station D, was a sinkhole (see Photos 6 and 7). David Galat, of Arizona State University's Department of Zoology, has studied several sinkholes in the Refuge and supplied me with some chemical data he determined on waters collected 30 March 1985. These are extremely saline waters. The mean total dissolved solids for water collected at about one meter's depth in six sinkholes was 39.06 grams per liter. The range was from 10.63 to 75.49 g/liter. Sodium and chloride are the princi­ pal ions, with sulfate being relatively more abundant in the lower salinities. AT the edge of the sinkhole five specimens of Hyalella and some small sinis­ trally coiled snails, probably members of Physa, were taken. The other collecting site in the Refuge was at a sharp bend in a small stream called Lost River. The edges of the stream were grassy and here were collected four specimens of Hyalella and seven individuals referable to Gammarus. This is Station E, and is portrayed in Photo 8. 3 Hyalella at Four Stations The seven specimens of Hyalella collected at Station A along the edges of the Rio Hondo have mouth parts that are considered typical of Hyalella azteca (Saussure). This may be an inaccurate statement because: Saussure did not figure the mouth parts in his original description; the species may be extremely variable; and there are probably many undescribed species masquerading as!!.:. azteca. The endopod (or inner plate) of each first maxilla bears two terminal, strong plumose setae. On the inner margin of the endopod of each maxilla 2 there are two stout plumose setae, proximal to the apex. The inner plate of each maxilliped bears three triangular apical teeth. Mouth parts such as those described above are not unique to H. azteca. The smooth-backed Hyalella that occurs. in Montezuma Well, AZ, with H. montezuma has maxillae and maxillipeds similar to the Rio Hondo form. Also, some unpublished plates sent to me by Dr. E. L. 8ousfield show that two new species, Hyalella longicornis from a spring in St. George, UT, and.!!- caribbeana from Grand Terre, Guadeloupe, West Indies, show nearly identical mouth appendages. The dorsal mucronation of H. azteca (that Saussure described from specimens collected in Vera Cruz, Mexico) consists of a mid-dorsal, daudally projecting spine on each of pleonites l and 2 (Saussure 1858, Plate V, Fig. 33). In the Rio Hondo specimens I found no freely projecting tergite spines. There was strong chitinization in the posterior midline of several segments, but they were what I shall call pseudospines; the outer, thin transparent cuticle covers them so they do not project freely. (A sketch is included to illustrate spines and pseudospines). In most specimens the last three pereonites bore short p,eudospines held closely to the dorsal surface. The first three pleonites bore longer,raised structures that looked like spines 4 unless examined under higher magnification. In addition, a very short depressed pseudospine was present on the first segment of the urosome. Superficial examination of the seven Rio Hondo specimens might result in one terming the pleonite segments spined. It may be that at other seasons the tergite spines would be free and the pleon dorsal sur­ face mucronate. There were, however, ovigerous females and mature males in the collection. At the Roswell Country Club (Station C) the thriving Hyalella popu­ lations living beneath debris on the concrete apron outside North Spring differ from the Rio Hondo forms. The inner plate of the first maxilla bears two terminal plumose setae with a similar sub-apical seta close to them; essentially there are three terminal setae on this structure. Features of maxilla 2 and the maxilliped, however, are comparable to the Station A forms. The dorsal mucronation of the North Spring animals involves the presence of well-defined caudally directed spines on pleonites 1 and 2. A pseudospine is present on the third pleonite, and a smaller one is present on the first uronite. In most specimens small pseudospines occur on the posterior pereonites, and in some specimens all seven pereonites appear to bear small depressed pseudospines. The Hyalella individuals from the sinkhole (Station D) in the Bitter Lake National Wildlife Refuge resembled those from Station C. They also showed the unusual feature of three plumose setae on the endopod of maxilla 1, one being slightly smaller and a bit sub-apical on the inner margin. Their mucronation was like that·of the North Spring amphipods although the pleonite spines of pleonite l and 2 seemed to be a little longer, and the pseudospine on pleonite 3 was almost "real". 5 Only four specimens of Hyalella were taken from Lost River (Station E). The descriptions of the sinkhole population apply to the Lost River animals with two exceptions: the tergite spines on pleonites 1 and 2 may have been shorter in the Lost River crustaceans; one of the individuals from Station E had three stout plumose setae (rather than two) on the inner margin near the apex of the endopod of maxilla 2. The significance of this variation is not known. Conclusions re Hyalella There seem to be at least two discrete types of Hyalella described above. The Rio Hondo population differs from animals in Roswell and those in the Bitter Lake Refuge. Throughout southwestern North America such phenomena are collil1on; aquatic habitats are often island-like when compared with waters in mesic regions.
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