DOCSLIB.ORG

Innovation Pathways of the Chinese Wind Power Industry

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Innovation Pathways of the Chinese Wind Power Industry Innovation pathways of the Chinese wind power industry Yixin DAI, Yuan ZHOU, Mengyu DING, Di XIA, Lan XUE Presenter: Asst. Prof. ZHOU Yuan School of Public Policy and Management, Tsinghua University Chinese Institute of Engineering Development Strategies 26/06/2014 1 Outline: n Research questions and methodology n Background of China’s wind energy sector n A brief story of innovation process at HT n Impacts of China’s macro-level settings q Market q Technology q Policy: Central and Local n China’s innovation pathways n Two more cases q Goldwind – a lead wind manufacturer in China q Jiuquan wind farm base (Gansu Province) n Implications and discussions 2 Research Questions n “What” Question: What is the innovation path in Chinese wind sector (if it has a different innovation path comparing to other countries)? New Installed and Cumulative Capacity in China after Top 10 Countries by Cumulative Capacity 2000 70000 62364 70000 200% 60000 60000 157% 154% 157% 150% 124% 46919 50000 50000 100% 100% 86% 40000 59% 40000 44733 MW 48% 50% 37% MW 40180 30000 29075 30000 2011 0% 21673 20000 -7% 27215 15880 2010 -47% 20000 10000 -50% 20676 10000 67376640 6018 5365 0 -100% 13066 4083 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 57975660 5204 40083702 new capacity 41.7 66.3 98.3 196.9 506.9 1287.6 3311.3 6153.7 13803.2 18928 17630.9 0 cumelative capacity 381.2 447.5 545.8 742.7 1249.6 2537.2 5848.6 12002.225805.4 44733.4 62364.3 growth rate -47% 59% 48% 100% 157% 154% 157% 86% 124% 37% -7% Research Questions n “Why” Question: What are the determinants of China wind energy innovation path? China’s The specifics innovation of China’s capacity / market? strategy of firms? International China’s knowledge development transfer / strategy and innovation policy network? support? Methodology / Data n Snowball Interviews: q Two rounds of interviews, including: n Domestic wind manufacture firms n Wind farms n Local governments n Central government (NDRC) n Research institutes, experts (i.e. from Grid) n Foreign wind manufacture firm n Policy analysis: q Summarize wind policies with trend analysis, including n 41 policies with regarding to Chinese wind development n 11 policies to encourage the wind industry to development, while 29 with regarding to FIT and renewable energy subsidy. Goldwind Gansu Jiuquan Windfarm Outline: n Research questions and methodology n Background of China’s wind energy sector n A brief story of innovation process at HT n Impacts of China’s macro-level settings q Market q Technology q Policy: Central and Local n China’s innovation pathways n Two more cases q Goldwind – a lead wind manufacturer in China q Jiuquan wind farm base (Gansu Province) n Implications and discussions 10 Background n Wind energy industry grows rapidly in both China and world-wide. The Development of Power Industry 250 238 140.00% 127% 199.52 120.00% 200 112% 106% 106%159.2 100.00% 150 120.7 85% 80.00% 65% 94.1 60.00% 100 74.1 62.36 59.1 40.00% 23.9 39.3 47.6 35% 47.733 50 29% 31.1 25.8 31% 17.4 21% 10.2 13.6 19.60% 17% 12.153 20.00% 0.224 0.268 0.346 0.40216% 0.469 0.567 0.764 1.26 2.599 5.906 0 0.00% 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 Global China Growth of Global Growth of China 11 Background n Top 10 Countries by Cumulative Capacity 70000 62364 60000 50000 46919 44733 40000 40180 MW 2011 29075 30000 2010 27215 21673 20000 15880 20676 10000 13066 6737 6640 6018 5365 4083 5797 5660 5204 4008 3702 0 China US Germany Spain India Italy France UK Cnanada Portugal 12 Background n Rapid growth of China wind turbine market Boom of the market size Rise of market share of domestic firms CWEA(2011) Shi (2005, 2006, 2007, 2008, 2009), Li (2011) 13 Background n The growing number of patent applications in China 800 0.9 700 0.8 600 0.7 800 0.6 0.9 500 700 0.8 600 0.7 800 0.9 0.5 0.6 400 500 0.8 700 0.5 400 0.7 0.4 600 0.4 300 300 0.6 500 0.3 0.3 0.5 400 200 0.2 200 0.4 300 100 0.2 0.1 0.3 0 0 200 100 0.2 0.1 100 2002 2003 2004 2005 0.1 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 0 0 0 0 cumulative patent applications of main foreign companies 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 cumulative patent applications of main domestic companies2007 2008 2009 2010 cumulative patent applications of main foreign companies growth rate of patent application of main foreign companies cumulative patent applications of main domestic companies growth rate of patent application of main domestic companies growth rate of patent application of main cumulative patent applications of main foreign companies foreign companies growth rate of patent application of main domestic companies Growing patent grants(cumulative) Cumulativecumulative patent applications of main domestic companies patent applications of maingrowth rate of patent application of main companies in foreign companies China growth rate of patent application of main domestic companies 14 Outline: n Research questions and methodology n Background of China’s wind energy sector n A brief story of innovation process at HT n Impacts of China’s macro-level settings q Market q Technology q Policy: Central and Local n China’s innovation pathways n Two more cases q Goldwind – a lead wind manufacturer in China q Jiuquan wind farm base (Gansu Province) n Implications and discussions 15 A story on HT n Established in 2001 n The biggest wind turbine blade provider in China n 40% market share in China n Exportation to United States, Japan, South-Africa, etc. Main product 16 Blade is a key component of wind turbine system, accounting for 22.2% of the total cost Value chain of wind 电 网公 energy industry 司 Electronic R&D grid Wind Core Equipment farm materials manufacture Tower Blade Gear box Generator Bearing… System integration 26.3% 22.2% 12.9% 3.44% 2.57% 17 Blade: technology intensive and high quality requirements n large size: e.g. blade: 37.5m long, 5t weigh n high precision: weight tolerance within 5%, gravity centre tolerance within 120 mm n tough working condition (especially in China): q Low extreme temperature：-30℃ ( -50℃ in China) q Violent wind (sand storm in China) q Rain and snow ( Acid rain in China) 18 Growth steps of HT Step 4 International cooperation Step 3 Capabilities building Step 2 Reverse engineering Step 1 Incubation & Transformation 19 Step 1 Before 2000: Incubation & Transformation From a military firm (soviet-union style ) to a high-tech new venture n Parent company: an aviation propeller manufacturer n Technological foundations inherited from parent company n Technological experts transferred from parent company q E.g. Chief engineer of HT: former R&D team leader and associate chief engineer of the parent company 20 Step 2 Before 2005: Start from R&D and imitation n Joint-venture with U.S. established in 2001 n Acquired the know-how of 600 kW blade through reverse engineering and learn-by-doing. n Contribution for the industry: Low cost strategy q No more monopoly of foreign companies q Significant price decrease from 1.3 million CNY to 0.5~0.8 million CNY per pair. 21 Step 3: Technology transfer and localization n Foreign company started to transfer their technology to Chinese company q e.g. CTC transfer their blade design to HT n Technology transfer also enabled the boom of blade manufacturing companies, under the boomed market q e.g. 2 blade companies to 70 companies q China’s wind energy concession project since 2004 n Competition caused the quality differentiation q e.g. 50% basic material cost off by cultivating two major suppliers from Germany and China 22 Step 3: Technology transfer and localization Strategy shift from cost leadership to technology differentiation n Technology improvement according to Chinese specific working conditions q e.g. low extreme temperature decreased from -30℃ to -50℃ n Technology breakthrough addressing the common problems of turbines q e.g. patent of ”structural damper of wind turbine blade” n Vertical integration of the value chain q e.g. 50% basic material cost off by cultivating two major suppliers from Germany and China 23 Step 4: international cooperation From contractual research to acquisition n Contractual Research q Partnership with a German company on MW blade research q Close partnership with a Holland company on blade design n Acquisition for stronger R&D q Acquired the Holland company for blade design capability enhancement n M&A opportunities q A world famous wind turbine manufacturer CTC from Netherland is approaching to HT, exploring the possibility of acquisition. 24 Technology roadmap of HT 25 WHY？ n HT transforms from a military firm to the biggest wind blade provider in China in less than 10 years. q What are the key driven factors of the growth? q What are the roles of market, industrial technology and policy through the development process? 26 What are the key driven factors? Cooperaon with many universi-es, Baoding Huiyang aviaon like Beihang Ver-cal integraon The development propeller factory university、North of key materials of 750kw China electric power university industry- Internal Military Vercal International university Background integraon Acquisition factors collaboration Reverse engineering Capabilities building International cooperation External Market Industrial factors Gov.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Renewable Energy and Related Services: Recent Developments
    United States International Trade Commission Renewable Energy and Related Services: Recent Developments Investigation No. 332-534 USITC Publication 4421 August 2013 U.S. International Trade Commission COMMISSIONERS Irving A. Williamson, Chairman Daniel R. Pearson Shara L. Aranoff Dean A. Pinkert David S. Johanson Meredith M. Broadbent Robert B. Koopman Director, Office of Operations Karen Laney Director, Office of Industries Address all communications to Secretary to the Commission United States International Trade Commission Washington, DC 20436 U.S. International Trade Commission Washington, DC 20436 www.usitc.gov Renewable Energy and Related Services: Recent Developments Investigation No. 332-534 USITC Publication 4421 August 2013 This report was prepared principally by Project Leader Lisa Ferens Alejandro [email protected] Deputy Project Leader Samantha Pham [email protected] Office of Industries Laura Bloodgood, Andrew David, Erick Oh, Samira Salem, Alan Treat, and Isaac Wohl Office of Economics Aimee Larsen and Alan Fox Content Reviewers Aimee Larsen and Brian Allen Administrative Support Phyllis Boone, Trina Chambers, and Cindy Payne Office of Analysis and Research Services Peg Hausman and Jeremy Wise Help Desk and Customer Service Division Under the direction of Robert Carr, Chief, Natural Resources and Energy Division Abstract Renewable Energy and Related Services: Recent Developments offers estimates of the U.S. and global markets for trade and investment in services essential to energy production in the solar, wind, small hydropower, and geothermal sectors, as well as discusses trade barriers affecting these services. The services span a range of industries, including consulting, engineering, construction, and equipment maintenance and repair. Global demand for such services has grown rapidly in the past five years as more and more countries strive to meet rising energy needs, reduce carbon output, and strengthen energy security by developing renewable energy.
    [Show full text]
  • Suzlon China Appoints New CEO
    Press Release For Immediate Release 19th November 2010 Suzlon China appoints new CEO Pune/ Beijing: Suzlon Energy today announced the appointment of He Yaozu as CEO and Country Manager of its China operations, Suzlon Energy Tianjin Limited. Tulsi Tanti, the founder, Chairman and Managing Director of Suzlon Group, said: “Suzlon has been fully operational in China now for five years. As a Group, we have a 3.4 per cent market share and have been executing contracts of up to 1 GW. We now want to take our business to the next level. “Yaozu’s extensive experience in both China and the wider region makes him an excellent fit for us at Suzlon. China is now the largest market for wind in the world and we wanted someone of Yaozu’s stature to be our Suzlon China CEO. We are confident that, with Yaozu at the helm, and the encouraging public policy regime, our business can now really take off.” Yaozu’s appointment comes at a time when Suzlon is giving a strong push to expand its China operations through initiatives including establishing an R&D centre in Tianjin, co-investing in wind farm projects, and increasing its manufacturing investment. In addition, with the appointment of Yaozu, Suzlon will be the first major international wind turbine manufacturer in China with a Chinese CEO. Yaozu has been a senior adviser to China Machinery New Energy Co, and serves as a non-executive director of China Green Power Limited. He also served on the board of Hoi Sing Industrial Holding Company. He was previously managing director of Global Infrastructure Company (Asia) Limited and, prior to that, managing director of Ogden Energy in China.
    [Show full text]
  • Driving Our Renewable Future Driving Our Renewable Future Driving Our Renewable Future
    DRIVING OUR RENEWABLE FUTURE DRIVING OUR RENEWABLE FUTURE DRIVING OUR RENEWABLE FUTURE Each one of us is pursuing a more beautiful life, and the power to create it is with each of us. Our focus on transforming the world with renewable energy is the key to realizing this beautiful existence. —— Wu Gang, Chairman of Goldwind 4 DRIVING OUR RENEWABLE FUTURE DRIVING OUR RENEWABLE FUTURE 01 01 Overview 02 DRIVING OUR RENEWABLE FUTURE DRIVING OUR RENEWABLE FUTURE 03 For almost a quarter century, Goldwind has been a leader in sustainable development-committed to driving the renewable transformation of the energy system by providing affordable, reliable and clean energy. Goldwind is one of the first companies focused on wind power As a pioneer in China wind power industry, Goldwind has 21 years of development in China. experience Today, with operations in strategic global markets, we are dedicated As of year-end 2018, Goldwind has more than 50GW of installed capacity to leading clean energy development, energy conservation and of wind power, with more than 31,000 wind turbines operating worldwide, environmental protection. over 26,000 of which are Goldwind’s signature permanent magnet direct- drive machines Goldwind has been honored several times as one of the “Top 50 Most Innovative Companies in the World”, “Top 100 Global Goldwind operates on 6 continents, in 24 countries, with more than 8,000 Challengers”, “Best Investor Relations Company” and “China employees globally. Over 2,000 of them are R&D engineers and technicians Top100 Employers”. In 2018, Goldwind was awarded as one of Dual-listed in Shenzhen (A-share code: 002202) and Hong Kong (H-share the “Most Honored Company in Asia” and enlisted in the “Top 50 code: 2208), Goldwind has got investment grade credit ratings from both Companies with Public Responsibilities”.
    [Show full text]
  • Driving Our Renewable Future 2
    DRIVING OUR RENEWABLE FUTURE 2 Innovating for a Brighter Tomorrow 02 Innovating for a Brighter Tomorrow 03 Innovating for a Brighter Tomorrow Surging Forward Goldwind is driving the 7 R&D centers across the globe: Urumqi, China; Beijing,China; Yancheng, 7 China; Wuxi, China; Chicago, USA; Neunkirchen, Germany; and global renewable energy revolution by R&D Centers Copenhagen, Denmark. providing affordable, Across the Globe Goldwind has more than 2,000 international senior R&D engineers and service engineers. reliable and sustainable power. + 2,000 Goldwind brings together the wisdom of the world through cooperative relationships with seven of the world’s top institutions to explore future As one of the first companies to develop wind power in China, with more Engineers development trends of new energy; than 20 years of experience in research and development in the wind power 21 We work closely with our over 300 suppliers; industry, Goldwind now is a leading manufacturer of wind turbines in China Years of Experience + We hold more than 2,600 patents in China and over 300 patents overseas; and the globe. The company has been recognized by MIT as one of the “Top 2,900 More than 52 wind turbine models have industry recognized design and 50 Most Innovative Companies in the World,” a “2016 Global Challenger” by Patents type certifications; the Boston Consulting Group, and a “Chinese Intellectual Property Pioneer” Strong independent R&D capability has supported the undertaking of nearly + by Intellectual Asset Management. Goldwind is committed to becoming a 30 nationally sponsored major research projects. 50GW global leader of renewable energy and environmental protection industries.
    [Show full text]
  • China's Largest Gloabal Wind Energy Operator Builds NSW Wind Farm
    CHINA STUDIES CENTRE CASE: GOLDWIND AUSTRALIA PTY LTD China’s largest global wind energy operator builds NSW wind farm Summary of interview with John Titchen, Managing Director and Ning Chen, Vice President of Goldwind Australia Pty Ltd. Goldwind’s first wind farm in Australia Introduction Goldwind Australia Pty Ltd (Goldwind) set up their Goldwind Australia is a subsidiary of Goldwind International Holdings (HK) office in Sydney in 2009 and entered the Australian Ltd and ultimately owned by Xinjiang renewable energy market with the initial Mortons Lane Goldwind Science & Technology Co., Ltd., China’s largest wind turbine Wind Farm project in Victoria (VIC) and the much larger generator (WTG) manufacturer, with a Gullen Range project in New South Wales (NSW). From domestic market share of 20 percent. 2014, the Gullen Range Wind Farm near Goulburn, Listed as a public Chinese corporation on both the Shenzhen and the Hong Kong with its 73 state-of-the-art wind turbines, will supply Stock Exchange, Goldwind is the world’s electricity for 63,000 households and help achieve the second largest manufacturer of wind turbines with a global market share of NSW State Plan’s target that 20 percent of electricity nearly 10 percent1. Gullen Range Wind consumed in NSW will be from renewable sources Farm will host the first ‘next generation’ 2.5MW gearless Permanent Magnet by 2020. Government support for renewable energy Direct Drive (PMDD) wind turbines was key to Goldwind’s decision to enter the Australian in Australia. market as a long-term market participant. In addition to technical and market knowledge, Goldwind has been using its institutional expertise and working with local partners and governments to successfully obtain approvals and progress plans.
    [Show full text]
  • Wind Turbine Cluster in Inner Mongolia
    Microeconomics of Competitiveness May 8, 2009 Required Disclosures (1) Nationals of the Country: only Arthur Mak and Carol Yu of the team are Hong Kong Chinese citizens. Both Arthur and Carol have never been to Inner Mongolia. (2) No special access or nonpublic access to information. Our team utilized resources from Harvard’s H.C. Fung’s Library and MIT Databases that may not be accessible by HBS students. (3) No team members traveled to China during the project period. Table of Content I. Country Analysis: China ........................................................................................................................... 2 i. Introduction ........................................................................................................................................... 2 ii. National Diamond Analysis ................................................................................................................. 4 iii. Challenges and Recommendations.................................................................................................... 11 II. Province Analysis: Inner Mongolia ....................................................................................................... 12 i. Inner Factor Conditions ....................................................................................................................... 12 ii. Demand Conditions ............................................................................................................................ 12 iii. Context for Strategy and
    [Show full text]
  • Vestas Still Rules Turbine Market, but Challengers Are Closing In
    FOR IMMEDIATE RELEASE: TUESDAY 18 FEBRUARY 2020 08.00 ET, 13.00 GMT, 14.00 CET, 21.00 HKT VESTAS STILL RULES TURBINE MARKET, BUT CHALLENGERS ARE CLOSING IN Global commissioning of wind turbines was up 22% in 2019, thanks to a bumper year in China and the U.S., and an acceleration offshore. A further 24% jump, to 75GW, is expected in 2020. London and New York, February 18, 2020 – Developers commissioned almost 61GW of wind turbines globally in 2019, compared with 50GW in the previous year. Most of these were on land (88%) but the share of turbines installed offshore is growing, up four percentage points to 12%. Just four manufacturers accounted for more than half, or 55%, of the machines deployed: Denmark’s Vestas, Spain’s Siemens Gamesa, China’s Goldwind, and General Electric of the U.S. The latest data from BloombergNEF (BNEF) show that Vestas kept its crown as the world’s leading turbine maker. A busy year offshore propelled Siemens Gamesa to second place, up from fourth. The figures draw on BNEF's global database of wind projects and extensive information from the industry. Of the top 10 onshore turbine makers, Vestas suffered the biggest slippage in its market share, down four percentage points to 18%, as its competitors gained ground. The top five remains unchanged, but in the chasing group, a strong year for Chinese installations pushed up Ming Yang, Windey and Dongfang Electric to sixth, seventh and ninth, respectively. Nearly half of all new megawatts installed in the U.S. were from GE, enabling it to seize the top spot in its home market from Vestas.
    [Show full text]
  • China Wind Energy Outlook 2012
    CHINA WIND POWER OUTLOOK 2012 CHINA WIND ENERGY Chinese Renewable Energy Industry Association Tel : +86 10 6800 2617 / 18 OUTLOOK Fax : +86 10 6800 2674 Website : www.creia.net E-mail : [email protected] Author / LI Junfeng, et al GreenPeace Tel : +86 10 6554 6931 Fax : +86 10 6554 6932 Website : www.greenpeace.cn GLOBAL WIND ENERGY COUNCIL Tel : +32 2 213 1897 Fax : +32 2 213 1890 Website : www.gwec.net Chinese Wind Energy Association Tel : +86 10 5979 6665 Fax : +86 10 6422 8215 Website : www.cwea.org.cn Editorial board Editorial Board Member LI Junfeng CAI Fengbo QIAO Liming XIE Hongwen GAO Hu YANG Xiaosheng TANG Wenqian WANG Weiquan LI Xiuqin Coordinators LI Ang TANG Wenqian QIAO Liming LI Shuo Photography Daniel Beltrá John Novis Markel Redondo Francisco Rivotti Jonas Gratzer Steve Morgan Markel Redondo Paul Langrock Simon Lim ZHANG Kechun / GreenPeace Executive Summary China's offshore wind power construction Current Development Status and advanced successfully, with the offshore Outlook of the Chinese Wind Power wind power planning process of Shanghai, Industry Jiangsu, Shandong, Hebei, Zhejiang and In 2011, the annual newly installed wind Guangdong already completed. The offshore power capacity in China (excluding Hong wind power planning process of Dalian in Kong, Macao and Taiwan) was 17.63GW, with Liaoning Province, as well as Fujian, Guangxi the Chinese wind power market beginning and Hainan provinces were improved and to enter a steady development stage after further developed. The completed programs having undergone many years of rapid growth. have preliminarily identified an offshore wind The cumulative installed capacity nationwide energy resources development potential of was 62.36GW, allowing China to continue to 43GW.
    [Show full text]
  • Accelerating Innovation in China's Solar, Wind and Energy Storage
    Public Disclosure Authorized Accelerating Innovation in Public Disclosure Authorized China’s Solar, Wind and Energy Storage Sectors Public Disclosure Authorized Smita Kuriakose, Joanna Lewis, Jeremy Tamanini and Shahid Yusuf Trade and Competitiveness Global Practice Public Disclosure Authorized Contents Acknowledgements .................................................................................................................... 4 Executive Summary .................................................................................................................... 5 Role of Government and Policy Recommendations .................................................................................. 5 Increase support for early-stage innovation .......................................................................................... 6 Design the domestic venture capital market to avoid pitfalls experienced by foreign peers ............... 6 Further leverage strong record at commercializing cleantech innovations ......................................... 7 Continue to focus on dynamic cost innovation ....................................................................................... 7 Take a more comprehensive approach to measuring innovation ......................................................... 7 Strengthen the political, regulatory and business environment for innovators ................................... 8 Connect China with global innovation networks ...................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Printmgr File
    APPENDIX V TECHNICAL REPORT Contents Chapter Title Page 1. Executive Summary ...................................................... V-6 1.1 Introduction .............................................................. V-6 1.2 Project Participants ........................................................ V-8 1.3 Wind Turbine Generator (WTG) Technologies .................................. V-9 1.4 Wind Resource Assessment ................................................ V-9 1.5 Grid Connections Assessment ............................................... V-10 1.6 Performance of Wind Farms ................................................ V-12 1.7 Operation and Maintenance of Wind Farms .................................... V-12 1.8 Technical Review of Gas-fired Power Plants ................................... V-13 2. Introduction ............................................................. V-14 2.1 Overview ................................................................ V-14 2.2 Assets Overview .......................................................... V-15 2.2.1 General Overview ......................................................... V-15 2.2.2 Selection of Representative Wind Farms ...................................... V-16 2.3 Report Structure .......................................................... V-18 2.4 Status of this Document .................................................... V-19 3. Project Participants ...................................................... V-19 3.1 Introduction .............................................................
    [Show full text]
  • 2018 Wind Technologies Market Report This Report Is Being Disseminated by the U.S
    2018 Wind Technologies Market Report This report is being disseminated by the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE). As such, this document was prepared in compliance with Section 515 of the Treasury and General Government Appropriations Act for fiscal year 2001 (public law 106-554) and information quality guidelines issued by DOE. Though this report does not constitute “influential” information, as that term is defined in DOE’s information quality guidelines or the Office of Management and Budget’s Information Quality Bulletin for Peer Review, the study was reviewed both internally and externally prior to publication. For purposes of external review, the study benefited from the advice and comments of nine industry stakeholders, U.S. Government employees, and national laboratory staff. NOTICE This report was prepared as an account of work sponsored by an agency of the United States government. Neither the United States government nor any agency thereof, nor any of their employees, makes any warranty, express or implied, or assumes any legal liability or responsibility for the accuracy, completeness, or usefulness of any information, apparatus, product, or process disclosed, or represents that its use would not infringe privately owned rights. Reference herein to any specific commercial product, process, or service by trade name, trademark, manufacturer, or otherwise does not necessarily constitute or imply its endorsement, recommendation, or favoring by the United States government or any agency thereof. The views and opinions of authors expressed herein do not necessarily state or reflect those of the United States government or any agency thereof. Available electronically at SciTech Connect: http://www.osti.gov/scitech Available for a processing fee to U.S.
    [Show full text]
  • China's Wind Development: Experiences Gained and Lessons
    Beijing | Brussels | London China’s Wind Development: Experiences Gained and Lessons Learnt IRENA workshop, Copenhagen Liming Qiao, GWEC April. 2012 Beijing | Brussels | London Outline • Market overview; • History and evolution of China’s wind sector; • Challenges and outstanding issues; • Experiences gained and lessons learnt; Beijing | Brussels | London Market overview • China’s wind energy entered a exceptional growth after 2005, when the RE law was introduced; Wind market doubles for four years in a row since 2006; • China has been the largest annual market since 2009 and the largest cumulative market since 2010; • China has become leaders of the global wind market: In 2011, China’s annual market accounts for 36% of the global annual market; in 2012, 43% of the global market; • In 2011, four Chinese companies entered global top 10 manufacturer list, each with annual installation above 1GW; Chinese manufacturers start to set their foot in overseas market since 2009/2010 Beijing | Brussels | London Beijing | Brussels | London History and evolution of China’s wind sector Phase I: Demonstration phase (1986-early 2000’s) • Demonstration projects: non-commercial; most projects enjoys favorable tariff with government subsidies; • Industry players limited: Goldwind(domestic); Vestas; • Turbine size: mainly 650-750kw; • No tariff policy; Beijing | Brussels | London History and evolution of China’s wind sector Phase II: Early commercialization (2002-2005) • Concession tender: projects of over 100MW size; developer and tariff determined by tender;
    [Show full text]