Computer Architecture & Organization Tutorial - 01
Computer Vision & Biometrics Lab, Indian Institute of Information Technology, Allahabad 1 Computer Architecture
• Architecture define how computer runs. • Two Architectures – • Von Neumann • Harvard
Computer Vision & Biometrics Lab, Indian Institute of Information Technology, Allahabad 2 Von Neumann Architecture
• Designed by John Von Neumann, 1945 • Basic function of this architecture is execution of program. • Program is a set of machine instructions. • Instruction – form of control code. • Von Neumann machine consists of – 1. Input Unit 2. Output Unit 3. Arithmetic Logic Unit and 4. Control Unit.
Computer Vision & Biometrics Lab, Indian Institute of Information Technology, Allahabad 3 Block Diagram
Central Processing Unit (CPU)
Control ALU Unit Input Unit Output Unit
Memory Unit
Computer Vision & Biometrics Lab, Indian Institute of Information Technology, Allahabad 4 Working of Von Neumann Architecture
Process
Control ALU Unit
fetch stores
Input Unit Memory Unit Output Unit
Computer Vision & Biometrics Lab, Indian Institute of Information Technology, Allahabad 5 Input Unit
• Computer accepts coded information from input devices.
Input Devices: 1. Keyboard 2. Mouse 3. Joystick 4. Touchpad 5. Disk Drive
Computer Vision & Biometrics Lab, Indian Institute of Information Technology, Allahabad 6 Output Unit
• Outputs the processed result to the outside world.
Output Devices – 1. Monitor 2. Speaker 3. Disk Drive 4. Printer
Computer Vision & Biometrics Lab, Indian Institute of Information Technology, Allahabad 7 Arithmetic & Logic Unit
• Performs Arithmetic or Logical Operations 1. Add 2. Subtract 3. Divide 4. AND 5. OR
Computer Vision & Biometrics Lab, Indian Institute of Information Technology, Allahabad 8 Control Unit
• Operations of ALU, memory and input/output units are coordinated and controlled by the control unit. • Sends signals to other units.
Computer Vision & Biometrics Lab, Indian Institute of Information Technology, Allahabad 9 Memory Unit
• stores instructions and data • used by the program during execution. • speed of transmission of data depends on the BUS.
Computer Vision & Biometrics Lab, Indian Institute of Information Technology, Allahabad 10 Bus
Address bus - Address bits are sent to memory or any external devices on the address bus. Data bus - Data bits are sent to memory or any external devices on the data bus. Control bus - Control signals for the other buses & units are transmitted on the control bus.
Data/Signal is transmitted from one unit to the other with the help of bus
Computer Vision & Biometrics Lab, Indian Institute of Information Technology, Allahabad 11 Summary
• Von Neumann machines uses stored program concept. • The program and data are store in the same memory unit. • Each location of the memory can be addressed independently. • Instructions work in sequential fashion.
Computer Vision & Biometrics Lab, Indian Institute of Information Technology, Allahabad 12