Architecture & Organization Tutorial - 01

Computer Vision & Biometrics Lab, Indian Institute of Information Technology, Allahabad 1 Computer Architecture

• Architecture define how computer runs. • Two Architectures – • Von Neumann • Harvard

Computer Vision & Biometrics Lab, Indian Institute of Information Technology, Allahabad 2 Von Neumann Architecture

• Designed by John Von Neumann, 1945 • Basic function of this architecture is execution of program. • Program is a set of machine instructions. • Instruction – form of control code. • Von Neumann machine consists of – 1. Unit 2. Output Unit 3. and 4. Control Unit.

Computer Vision & Biometrics Lab, Indian Institute of Information Technology, Allahabad 3 Block Diagram

Central Processing Unit (CPU)

Control ALU Unit Input Unit Output Unit

Memory Unit

Computer Vision & Biometrics Lab, Indian Institute of Information Technology, Allahabad 4 Working of Von Neumann Architecture

Process

Control ALU Unit

fetch stores

Input Unit Memory Unit Output Unit

Computer Vision & Biometrics Lab, Indian Institute of Information Technology, Allahabad 5 Input Unit

• Computer accepts coded information from input devices.

Input Devices: 1. Keyboard 2. Mouse 3. 4. 5. Disk Drive

Computer Vision & Biometrics Lab, Indian Institute of Information Technology, Allahabad 6 Output Unit

• Outputs the processed result to the outside world.

Output Devices – 1. Monitor 2. Speaker 3. Disk Drive 4.

Computer Vision & Biometrics Lab, Indian Institute of Information Technology, Allahabad 7 Arithmetic & Logic Unit

• Performs Arithmetic or Logical Operations 1. Add 2. Subtract 3. Divide 4. AND 5. OR

Computer Vision & Biometrics Lab, Indian Institute of Information Technology, Allahabad 8 Control Unit

• Operations of ALU, memory and input/output units are coordinated and controlled by the control unit. • Sends signals to other units.

Computer Vision & Biometrics Lab, Indian Institute of Information Technology, Allahabad 9 Memory Unit

• stores instructions and data • used by the program during execution. • speed of transmission of data depends on the BUS.

Computer Vision & Biometrics Lab, Indian Institute of Information Technology, Allahabad 10 Bus

Address bus - Address bits are sent to memory or any external devices on the address bus. Data bus - Data bits are sent to memory or any external devices on the data bus. Control bus - Control signals for the other buses & units are transmitted on the control bus.

Data/Signal is transmitted from one unit to the other with the help of bus

Computer Vision & Biometrics Lab, Indian Institute of Information Technology, Allahabad 11 Summary

• Von Neumann machines uses stored program concept. • The program and data are store in the same memory unit. • Each location of the memory can be addressed independently. • Instructions work in sequential fashion.

Computer Vision & Biometrics Lab, Indian Institute of Information Technology, Allahabad 12