Computer Architecture & Organization Tutorial - 01 Computer Vision & Biometrics Lab, Indian Institute of Information Technology, Allahabad 1 Computer Architecture • Architecture define how computer runs. • Two Architectures – • Von Neumann • Harvard Computer Vision & Biometrics Lab, Indian Institute of Information Technology, Allahabad 2 Von Neumann Architecture • Designed by John Von Neumann, 1945 • Basic function of this architecture is execution of program. • Program is a set of machine instructions. • Instruction – form of control code. • Von Neumann machine consists of – 1. Input Unit 2. Output Unit 3. Arithmetic Logic Unit and 4. Control Unit. Computer Vision & Biometrics Lab, Indian Institute of Information Technology, Allahabad 3 Block Diagram Central Processing Unit (CPU) Control ALU Unit Input Unit Output Unit Memory Unit Computer Vision & Biometrics Lab, Indian Institute of Information Technology, Allahabad 4 Working of Von Neumann Architecture Process Control ALU Unit fetch stores Input Unit Memory Unit Output Unit Computer Vision & Biometrics Lab, Indian Institute of Information Technology, Allahabad 5 Input Unit • Computer accepts coded information from input devices. Input Devices: 1. Keyboard 2. Mouse 3. Joystick 4. Touchpad 5. Disk Drive Computer Vision & Biometrics Lab, Indian Institute of Information Technology, Allahabad 6 Output Unit • Outputs the processed result to the outside world. Output Devices – 1. Monitor 2. Speaker 3. Disk Drive 4. Printer Computer Vision & Biometrics Lab, Indian Institute of Information Technology, Allahabad 7 Arithmetic & Logic Unit • Performs Arithmetic or Logical Operations 1. Add 2. Subtract 3. Divide 4. AND 5. OR Computer Vision & Biometrics Lab, Indian Institute of Information Technology, Allahabad 8 Control Unit • Operations of ALU, memory and input/output units are coordinated and controlled by the control unit. • Sends signals to other units. Computer Vision & Biometrics Lab, Indian Institute of Information Technology, Allahabad 9 Memory Unit • stores instructions and data • used by the program during execution. • speed of transmission of data depends on the BUS. Computer Vision & Biometrics Lab, Indian Institute of Information Technology, Allahabad 10 Bus Address bus - Address bits are sent to memory or any external devices on the address bus. Data bus - Data bits are sent to memory or any external devices on the data bus. Control bus - Control signals for the other buses & units are transmitted on the control bus. Data/Signal is transmitted from one unit to the other with the help of bus Computer Vision & Biometrics Lab, Indian Institute of Information Technology, Allahabad 11 Summary • Von Neumann machines uses stored program concept. • The program and data are store in the same memory unit. • Each location of the memory can be addressed independently. • Instructions work in sequential fashion. Computer Vision & Biometrics Lab, Indian Institute of Information Technology, Allahabad 12.