Using augmented reality for architecture artifacts visualizations Zarema S. Seidametova1, Zinnur S. Abduramanov1 and Girey S. Seydametov1 1Crimean Engineering and Pedagogical University, 8 Uchebnyi per., Simferopol, 95015, Crimea Abstract Nowadays one of the most popular trends in software development is Augmented Reality (AR). AR applications offer an interactive user experience and engagement through a real-world environment. AR application areas include archaeology, architecture, business, entertainment, medicine, education and etc. In the paper we compared the main SDKs for the development of a marker-based AR apps and 3D modeling freeware computer programs used for developing 3D-objects. We presented a concept, design and development of AR application “Art-Heritage’’ with historical monuments and buildings of Crimean Tatars architecture (XIII-XX centuries). It uses a smartphone or tablet to alter the existing picture, via an app. Using “Art-Heritage’’ users stand in front of an area where the monuments used to be and hold up mobile device in order to see an altered version of reality. Keywords Augmented Reality, smartphones, mobile-AR, architecture artifact, ARToolkit, Vuforia 1. Introduction In recent years, Augmented Reality (AR) has been named as one of the top 10 new technology trends. AR technology has primarily been used for gaming but nowadays it has also found widespread use in education, training, medicine, architecture, archeology, entertainment, mar- keting and etc. According to the International Data Corporation (IDC) [1] worldwide spending on AR and virtual reality (VR) is growing from just over $12.0 billion this year to $72.8 billion in 2024. AR as technology allows researchers, educators and visual artists to investigate a variety of AR apps possibilities using mobile AR in many areas – from education [2, 3, 4, 5, 6] to cultural heritage [7, 8, 9, 10, 11]. In the paper [12] authors provided an overview of Augmented Paper Systems use in education. Studies related to the effect of augmented reality on learning efficiency presented inpapers [13, 14], in which also discussed questions on how to combine the capabilities of augmented AREdu 2021: 4th International Workshop on Augmented Reality in Education, May 11, 2021, Kryvyi Rih, Ukraine Envelope-Open [email protected] (Z. S. Seidametova); [email protected] (Z. S. Abduramanov); [email protected] (G. S. Seydametov) GLOBE http://cepulib.ru/index.php/ru/resursy/personalii/47-s-personalii/169-sejdametova-zarema-sejdalievna (Z. S. Seidametova); https://kipu-rc.ru/sotrudniki/103-abduramanov-zinnur-shevketovich.html (Z. S. Abduramanov); https://kipu-rc.ru/fakultet-ekonomiki/kafedra-prikladnoj-informatiki.html?id=107 (G. S. Seydametov) Orcid 0000-0001-7643-6386 (Z. S. Seidametova); 0000-0002-2818-4759 (Z. S. Abduramanov); 0000-0002-1004-4141 (G. S. Seydametov) © 2021 Copyright for this paper by its authors. Use permitted under Creative Commons License Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0). CEUR http://ceur-ws.org Workshop ISSN 1613-!!" Proceedings CEUR Workshop Proceedings (CEUR-WS.org) 131 reality and learning activities. The educational potential of augmented reality technology and benefits which AR can bring to teaching and learning discussed in the papers[15, 16, 17, 18, 19]. An experience of the successful use of AR mobile applications in learning and teaching process described in [20, 21]. There is large number of studies, which identified the future trends, affordances and challenges of AR systems in education. The papers[22, 23, 24, 25, 26] provided research on the problems that can help to improve the experience of using AR systems in education and authors of papers suggested the new AR educational tools [27, 28, 29]. Garzón et al. [30] highlighted five directions for future research: (1) design of AR systems that consider special needs of particular users; (2) integration of AR systems into unexplored fields of education; (3) inclusion of AR systems into learning processes of unexplored target groups; (4) integration of AR systems into business and industry; (5) design of pedagogically efficient AR systems. Radu [31] provided a comprehensive understanding of how the medium of augmented reality differs from other educational mediums. Research of Garzón etal. [32] identifies positive and negative effects that AR experiences can bring to learners. The authors of the papers [33, 34, 35, 36, 37, 38] proposed functional mobile augmented reality applications for different domains not only for education. In papers [39, 40] researchers discussed the effects of marketing, usability, design on augmented reality technologies and ways of the development of AR apps. Comparative analysis of augmented reality frameworks that are used to develop educational and industrial applications presented in [41, 42, 43, 44]. Mekni and Lemieux [45] introduced in the technologies that enable an augmented reality experience, clarifies the boundaries that exist between AR and Virtual Reality (VR); classified the AR-applications into distinct categories: medical, military, manufacturing, entertainment, visualization, robotics, education, marketing, geospatial, navigation and path planning, tourism, urban planning and civil engineering. The paper [46] provided an overview of 3D interaction techniques in mobile AR, authors described three main interaction technique categories that applicable in mobile AR: touch-based interaction, mid-air gestures-based interaction, and device-based interaction techniques. The paper [47] investigated the AR technology with a approach based on patent research. Authors searched the United States Patent and Trademark Office (USPTO) for AR-related granted patents in the period 1993–2018. The study found that AR technological development has especially increased in the last decade. The rest of the paper is organized and structured as follows. Section two, presents an explanation of concepts and technologies of the different new trends such as Virtual, Augmented Reality and Mixed Reality. Section three, explores 3D modeling of the “Art-Heritage” application objects. Section four, presents the “Art-Heritage” application server configuration. Conclusion and future work is presented in section five. 2. Concepts and technologies of the Extended Reality Virtual Reality (VR), Augmented Reality (AR) and Mixed Reality (MR) technologies can be described with an umbrella term Extended Reality (XR). XR covers all of the various technologies that giving additional information about the real world or creating virtual worlds: 132 • AR adds digital objects to a live view by using the camera on a smartphone (for example, Snapchat lenses, Google’s “Just a line”, Pokemon Go, etc.). AR contains following basic features: a combination of real and virtual worlds, real-time interaction, and accurate 3D registration of virtual and real objects. • VR devices such as HTC Vive Headset, Oculus Rift, Oculus Quest 2, Sony PlayStation VR, HP Reverb G2 or Google Cardboard move users into a number of real-world and imagined environments. VR is digital, computer-generated and 3D environment that allows the user to step inside the virtual world. There are main types of VR simulations used today: non-immersive, semi-immersive, and fully-immersive simulations. • MR combines elements of both AR and VR, real-world and digital objects interact. MR- technology is starting to take off with Microsoft’s HoloLens. Physical and digital elements exist and interact in real time in mixed reality (MR) applications. MR merges real and virtual worlds, and allow to produce new environments. There are a lot of MR-applications for design, entertainment, training, learning, architecture, healthcare and etc. MR is the area between the real and the virtual worlds and can be represent as augmented reality (the virtual augments the real) and as augmented virtuality (the real augments the virtual). AR software development kit (SDK) allows developers to build objects that appear toblend into the real world. The AR SDKs offer functions such as 3D object tracking, image recognition, visual search, multi-tracking, and more, which allow developers to produce digital images. There many different SDKs for creating custom AR experiences. The comparison of themost popular AR SDKs based on license type, marker, 3D object tracking, visual search and content API is presented in the table 1. For development of the “Art-Heritage” application we chose the Unity platform and Vuforia SDK because of the accessibility, availability of the necessary functionality, the possibility of connecting additional sets of development tools and the availability of peripheral (additional) services. The main benefits are that Vuforia enables to maintain tracking even when thetarget is out of view and Vuforis has cloud database for storing image targets. The “Art-Heritage” application research objective created in order to promote Crimean tatars historical monuments in the Crimea [48, 49] that are currently destroyed. The “Art-Heritage” is AR application. We recreated four models: Khan Baths (Hammam), Devlet Palace (Sarai), Mengli Geray Mosque, Yesil-Jami Mosque in the “Art-Heritage” app. The interface of the “Art-Heritage” application is presented in the figure 1. 3. 3D modeling of the “Art-Heritage” application objects 3D modeling is used in various industries like movie, animation and gaming, interior design and architecture. They are also used in the medical industry to create interactive representations of anatomy objects or