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Redalyc.NUEVAS ESPECIES DE SAPOTACEAE PARA COSTA RICA Darwiniana ISSN: 0011-6793 [email protected] Instituto de Botánica Darwinion Argentina Morales, Francisco NUEVAS ESPECIES DE SAPOTACEAE PARA COSTA RICA Darwiniana, vol. 50, núm. 1, julio, 2012, pp. 107-113 Instituto de Botánica Darwinion Buenos Aires, Argentina Disponible en: http://www.redalyc.org/articulo.oa?id=66923967006 Cómo citar el artículo Número completo Sistema de Información Científica Más información del artículo Red de Revistas Científicas de América Latina, el Caribe, España y Portugal Página de la revista en redalyc.org Proyecto académico sin fines de lucro, desarrollado bajo la iniciativa de acceso abierto DARWINIANA 50(1): 107-113. 2012 ISSN 1850-1702 (electrónica) Versión final, efectivamente publicada ISSN 0011-6793 (impresa) el 31 de julio de 2012 NUEVAS ESPECIES DE SAPOTACEAE PARA COSTA RICA Francisco Morales Instituto Nacional de Biodiversidad, Apto 22-3100 Santo Domingo de Heredia, Costa Rica; [email protected] Abstract. Morales, J. F. 2012. New species of Sapotaceae from Costa Rica. Darwiniana 50(1): 107-113. Two new species of Sapotaceae from Costa Rica are described: Chromolucuma cespedesiiformis and Pouteria spicata, and their relationships with allied species are discussed. A key for the Neotropi- cal species of Chromolucuma and a key for the species of Pouteria reported in Nicaragua, Costa Rica and Panama are included. Keywords. Chromolucuma; Chrysophylloideae; Mesoamerica; Pouteria; Sapotaceae. Resumen. Morales, J. F. 2012. Nuevas especies de Sapotaceae para Costa Rica. Darwiniana 50(1): 107-113. Se describen dos nuevas especies de Sapotaceae para Costa Rica: Chromolucuma cespedesiiformis y Pouteria spicata, y se discuten las relaciones con las especies afines. Se incluye una clave para las especies de Chromolucuma del Neotrópico y una clave para las especies de Pouteria presentes en Nicaragua, Costa Rica y Panamá. Palabras clave. Chromolucuma; Chrysophylloideae; Mesoamérica; Pouteria; Sapotaceae. INTRODUCCIÓN datos moleculares y morfológicos, ubican a los géneros afines Chromolucuma y Pouteria en la La familia Sapotaceae comprende cerca de 58 subfamilia Chrysophylloideae (Swenson & Ander- géneros y más de 1200 especies (Govaerts et al., berg, 2005; Smedmark et al., 2006; Swenson et al., 2001) con distribución pantropical. Para Costa 2007; Swenson et al., 2008). Swenson et al. (2008) Rica, el último tratamiento de esta familia fue no corroboran la monofilia de Pouteria, en el sen- publicado por Standley (1938) donde se tratan tido tradicional de Pennington (1990), por lo que ocho géneros: Achras L., Bumelia Sw., Calocar- algunos de los géneros bajo su sinonimia deben pum Pierre, Chrysophyllum L., Dipholis A. DC., rehabilitarse. Lucuma Molina, Manilkara Adans., Sideroxylon Durante la preparación del tratamiento de la L. y 19 especies. Sin embargo, la mayoría de estos familia Sapotaceae para el proyecto del Manual de géneros fueron posteriormente considerados como Plantas de Costa Rica se han registrado nueve sinónimos de otros géneros: por ejemplo, Achras géneros y 70 especies, siendo el género más nume- bajo Manilkara, Bumelia, Calocarpum y Lucuma roso Pouteria con ca. 40 taxones, seguido por bajo Pouteria y Dipholis bajo Sideroxylon (Pen- Chrysophyllum con nueve especies y Sideroxylon nington, 1990). Las filogenias recientes basadas en con siete especies. Entre las novedades encontra- Original recibido el 13 junio de 2011, aceptado el 15 de febrero de 2012. 107 DARWINIANA 50(1): 107-113. 2012 das, se encuentran dos especies, endémicas de los xial de la vena media, venación broquidódroma a bosques húmedos del Pacífico Sur de Costa Rica eucamptodódroma, 16-19 pares de nervios, nervios (incluyendo las fajas costeñas de Acosta y Que- terciarios conspicua y finamente reticulados; pecío- pos). lo de 2,2-3,8 cm, estípulas presentes enteras. Inflo- Una de ellas pertenece a Chromolucuma, géne- rescencias axilares, flores fasciculadas, blanco-ver- ro con cinco especies restringido principalmente a dosas a verde-cremosas, perfectas o pistiladas; pedi- América del Sur (Colombia, Venezuela, Brasil) celos de 1,1-1,5 cm, tomentosos; cáliz de 5-sépalo, (Pennington, 1990; Alves-Araújo & Alves, 2012) 2,5-3 mm, sépalos elípticos, de ápice obtuso a y distinguible por la presencia de estípulas foliáce- redondeado, densamente tomentosos, a veces lige- as evidentes. La segunda especie nueva pertenece ramente ciliados, usualmente glabrescentes en al género Pouteria caracterizado por sus inflores- ambas caras; corola de 5-6 mm, tubo casi glabro, cencias espiciformes. indumento escaso e irregular en la base, tubo más La versión electrónica en PDF (“Portable largo que los lóbulos, de 3-3,4 mm, lóbulos de 1,8- Document Format”) de este trabajo representa un 2,1 mm, escamosos externamente; estambres 5, artículo publicado de acuerdo al “International incluidos (ausentes en flores pistiladas), insertos en Code of Nomenclature for algae, fungi, and la base del tubo, filamentos libres, glabros, anteras plants” y, por lo tanto, las novedades nomenclatu- ca. 1 mm, estaminodios de 5, 0,8-1,2 mm, enteros; rales presentes en la versión electrónica son efec- disco ausente; ovario 2-5-locular, densamente tivamente publicadas bajo ese Código. La versión adpreso-hirsuto, estilo incluido. Frutos no vistos. electrónica de este trabajo está archivada y dispo- nible en el Instituto de Botánica Darwinion y en Etimología. El epíteto de esta especie hace refe- los repositorios digitales indicados en rencia a la forma del arbusto, el cual es similar a la http://www.ojs.darwin.edu.ar/index.php/darwinia- planta joven del género Cespedesia (Ochnaceae). na/about/editorialPolicies#custom-0. Distribución y hábitat. Endémica de Costa Rica, crece en los bosques muy húmedos del Pací- TRATAMIENTO TAXONÓMICO fico Sur entre 150-400 m s.m. Florece en julio y diciembre. Fig. 2. Chromolucuma cespedisiiformis J. F. Mora- les, sp. nov. TIPO: Costa Rica, Puntarenas, Observaciones. Chromolucuma cespedisiiformis Cantón de Osa, reserva forestal Golfo Dulce, es similar a C. rubriflora Ducke pero se distingue Mogos Bahía Chal, entrada a Chocuaco a 35 de ésta por sus hojas con los pecíolos más cortos km de Chacarita, 200-300 m s.m., 24-XII-1999, (2,2-3,8 vs. 4-8 cm), las flores con los pedicelos R. Aguilar 5731 (holotipo INB!; isotipos CR!, más pequeños (1,1-1,5 vs. 1,5-3,7 cm), los sépalos MO!). Fig. 1. más pequeños (2,5-3 vs. 4,5-5 mm), las corolas con el tubo más largo (3-3,4 vs. 2 mm) y las ante- A Chromolucuma rubriflora Ducke cui similis, ras más pequeñas (1 vs. 1,8-2 mm). Chromolucu- petiolis 2,2-3,8 cm longis (vs. 4-8 cm), pedicellis ma rubriflora está restringida a la cuenca baja del minoribus (1,1-1,5 cm vs. 1,5-3,7 cm longis), sepa- Amazonas (Pennington, 1990). lis 2,5-3 mm (vs. 4,5-5 mm longis), corollis longio- ribus (3-3,4 vs. 2 mm) et antheris minoribus (1 mm vs. 1,8-2 mm longis) differt. Material examinado Arbustos de 2-3 m, ramas jóvenes densa a mode- COSTA RICA. Puntarenas. Cantón de Golfito, radamente escamosas, glabrescentes, con indumen- PN Corcovado, Jiménez, estación Los Patos, 2- to pardo claro o glabras, estípulas de (1,8-)2,2-4,2 VII-1998 (fl), Rodríguez 3551 (INB, MO). Cantón cm. Hojas agrupadas al final de las ramas, alternas, de Osa, Rincón, Aguabuena Oeste, sendero de espiraladas, láminas de 29-51 x 5,5-9,4 cm, elípti- Don Beto, 7-XII-1992 (fl), Aguilar 1516 (INB, cas a obovadas, ápice acuminado, base angosta- MO). San José. Cantón de Puriscal, Parque mente cuneada, glabras excepto sobre la cara aba- Nacional La Cangreja, Mastatal de Puriscal, río 108 J. F. MORALES. Nuevas Sapotaceae de Costa Rica Fig. 1. Chromolucuma cespedisiiformis. A, rama con flores. B, pedicelo, cáliz y corola. C, parte de la corola abierta, mostrando tres estambres y dos estaminodios (flechas). D, ovario. A, de Aguilar 5731 (CR); B-D, de Aguilar 5731 (INB). Negro, del puente aguas arriba, 21-III-1997 (st), . .C. baehniana Morales 6109 (INB). 1. Lámina foliar de superficie abaxial glabra, indumen- to cuando presente restringido a la nervadura central y hialino . .2 Clave para las especies de Chromolucuma 2(1). Estípulas de 3-8 mm . .3 2. Estípulas de (18-)22-42 mm . .4 1. Lámina foliar de superficie abaxial conspicuamente 3(2). Pecíolos de 26-46 mm; lámina foliar con el ápice serícea, indumento dorado (Venezuela, Guyana y Brasil) obtuso a redondeado o subemarginado; frutos 45-65 mm 109 DARWINIANA 50(1): 107-113. 2012 Fig. 2. Mapa de distribución de Chromolucuma cespedisiiflora (círculo) y Pouteria spicata (cuadrado). (Costa Rica, Panamá, Guyana Francesa y Brasil) . Palma, camino a Puerto Jiménez, 50 m s.m., 18- . .C. congestifolia IV-1993 (fl), R. Aguilar 1701 (holotipo INB!; 3. Pecíolos de 10-15 mm; lámina foliar con el ápice isotipos CR!, MO!). Fig. 3. agudo; frutos de 25-30 mm (Brasil) . .C. apiculata 4(2). Pecíolos de 4-8 cm; pedicelos de 1,5-3,7 cm; sépa- A Pouteria triplarifolia Standl. & L. O.Williams los de 4,5-5 mm; tubo de la corola ca. 2 mm; (cuenca amazónica, Colombia, Venezuela y Brasil) . ex T. D. Penn. cui similis, nervis tertiariis impresis . .C. rubriflora (vs. obscuris), corollae tubo minoribus (1,6-2,2 4. Pecíolos de 2,2-3,8 cm; pedicelos de 1,1-1,5 cm; mm vs. 3,5-4 mm) et fructibus dense ferrugineo- sépalos de 2,5-3 mm; tubo de la corola de 3-3,4 mm tomentosis vel glabratis differt. (Costa Rica) . .C. cespedisiiformis Árbol de 20-30 m, corteza rojiza, ramas jóve- nes esparcidamente adpreso-pubescentes a gla- Pouteria spicata J. F. Morales, sp. nov. TIPO: brescentes, pubescencia pardo clara o más o Costa Rica, Puntarenas, Cantón de Golfito, menos ferruginosa; estípulas ausentes. Hojas Península de Osa, 1 km antes de llegar a la alternas, con venación eucamptodódroma; lámi- 110 J.
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