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Donovan Christina Taking the ‘Leap of Faith’? The Narrative Construction of Trust and Distrust in Further Education A THESIS SUBMITTED IN PARTIAL FULFILMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY CHRISTINA DONOVAN July 2019 In dedication to the incredible students I have had the pleasure to know and work with #LoveOurColleges #ReimagineFE Acknowledgements Firstly, my thanks go to the participants in this study for their willingness to share their experiences. This PhD would not have been possible without their openness and honesty. I thank them for trusting me with their stories. Completing this PhD would also not have been possible without the support of some incredibly important people; most of all my supervisory team. I think it is fair to say that I was not the easiest student at the beginning. Your patience has been not only invaluable; it has also helped to heal wounds from which I was still recovering. I have a huge amount of respect for you all as accomplished academics, but most of all, as human beings. I have been very lucky. To Dr. Keith Williams, thank you for being the friendly face who always made time for me, no matter how silly the question, and always noticed when I might not be okay. Your kind words have often lifted me out of self-doubt. To the aptly named Professor John Diamond, I will miss our conversations. Thank you for listening so carefully and responding so thoughtfully, and never failing to illuminate and challenge my thinking. And finally, Dr. Clare Woolhouse, I am eternally grateful that I have not once had to worry about anything because ‘Clare knows’. I landed on my feet when you became my Director of Studies; I have felt safe in your hands. Thank you for all your guidance along the way. And of course, thank you to all friends and colleagues at Edge Hill and beyond who have been a part of this process. I would also like to give a special mention to Louise Mycroft. We met right at the beginning, when I was presenting my Masters research, which has been a great fortune on my part. Your unwavering faith in my work, when at times I have questioned the point of all of this, has sustained me in so many ways. Thank you for getting it and thank you for being you. To my fellow friends and comrades, (Drs!) Anna Mariguddi and Umit Yildiz. We started this PhD journey together, and we made it together. I am so proud of us! To my official writing partners and my unofficial therapists, Ellie Whittaker and Mita Lad. We will always have Llangollen! I hope my friendships with all of you will continue for a long while to come. And how could I forget Dr. Marianne Erskine-Shaw (it gives me great pleasure to write your full title). You are an incredible woman, and the best friend anyone could ask for. We have been through so much together. I quite simply would not be at this point without you. I am so pleased that we continue our journey together as Lecturers in the same institution (it’s almost like we planned it…!). To my family. Mum (Julia) and Dad (John), you have always been proud of me, even in my lowest moments, and have been a constant source of love. I am who I am because of you. Thank you for your patience when I have (repeatedly) gone off radar. And to my (little) big sister, Gemma. I know your love and friendship are never far away, even if our busy lives can keep us apart! And finally, I could never have known that I started my PhD I would also be about to meet my favourite person in the world. (Dr.) Andrea Cattaneo, without you I probably would have given up on this PhD three months in. You have believed in me from the moment we met, and I could not be prouder of the journey we have been on together over the last 3 and a half years. You are my partner in the truest sense of the word and my best friend. Thank you for drying my tears, for bringing so much joy to my life, and for helping me to keep it all together over these last few months! - 1 - Abstract Christina Donovan, PhD Educational Research Taking the ‘Leap of Faith’? The Narrative Construction of Trust and Distrust in Further Education Without healthy levels of trust, there is a greater risk of relationship breakdown within institutions. High stakes accountability practices, fuelled by a neoliberal policy environment, have had a lasting impact upon organisational culture; and as such practice has become fuelled by risk aversion and self-interest. This thesis considers the impact that this climate has had upon how dispositions towards trust and distrust are constructed within institutions. In doing so, it posits that institutional values and culture play a significant part in shaping interpersonal affiliations, and therefore participation and dialogue are of central importance for building institutional trust. These concepts have been explored through a case study of staff and students on a Level 2 programme within a Further Education College in the North of England. Data were collected over a period of six months, and involved semi-structured narrative interviews with 15 participants, including 10 students and 5 members of staff. Using the Dialogical Narrative Analysis (DNA) approach, a total of 10 narrative typologies have been identified relating to broader narrative tropes of ‘Trust’ and ‘Distrust’. Engagement with these tropes informed the way participants constructed their narratives; influencing levels of engagement with the institution through the positionality of self in affiliation with, or against various others. The findings of this study suggest that disposition towards trust or distrust in relation to the institution can significantly impact upon the way interpersonal relationships are constructed from both a staff and student perspective. This appears to be further linked to the individual’s perceived ideological alignment or misalignment with the institution; which has important implications for a culture which valorises competitive individualism. This suggests that greater attention must be paid to the cultivation of trust cultures through values-led leadership which respects and promotes greater collaboration and participation within the institution. Key Words: Further Education; Trust; Distrust; Neoliberalism; Risk; Narrative Research Table of Contents Introduction .................................................................................................... - 1 - General Overview ................................................................................................... - 2 - Structure of the Thesis ............................................................................................ - 5 - Chapter 1: Literature Review The Problem of Trust in Further Education........... - 8 - 1.1 Introduction ...................................................................................................... - 8 - 1.2 From Collectivism to Individualism: A Potted History of Adult Education .......... - 12 - 1.2.1 Movements Towards Regulation ...................................................................... - 14 - 1.2.2 The Quasi-Market ............................................................................................. - 17 - 1.2.3 The Standards Agenda ...................................................................................... - 18 - 1.3 The ‘Neoliberalisation’ of Learning .................................................................. - 22 - 1.3.1 Austerity, Employment Anxiety and Trust ........................................................ - 24 - 1.4 New Public Management, Self-interest and Survival ........................................ - 27 - 1.4.1 A Preoccupation with Risk and Uncertainty ..................................................... - 29 - 1.4.2 Operating in The Cracks .................................................................................... - 32 - 1.5 Chapter Summary ........................................................................................... - 34 - Chapter 2: Theoretical Framework Negotiating Trust and Distrust in The Risk Society........................................................................................................... - 35 - 2.1 Introduction .................................................................................................... - 35 - 2.2 Trust in The Risk Society .................................................................................. - 38 - 2.2.1 Individualisation ................................................................................................ - 40 - 2.3 Trust and Social Capital ................................................................................... - 42 - 2.4 Movements Towards Certainty ........................................................................ - 46 - 2.4.1 The Leap of Faith ............................................................................................... - 49 - 2.5 Trust and Collective Memory ........................................................................... - 49 - 2.5.1 The Social Trap .................................................................................................. - 50 - 2.6 The Will to Trust ............................................................................................. - 51 - 2.6.1 Trust and Agency............................................................................................... - 51 - 2.6.2 Trust as Process ................................................................................................. - 53 - 2.6.3 Trust and Crises ................................................................................................
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