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Opéra Mefistofele » PARCOURS PÉDAGOGIQUE 2017-2018 : « Opéra Mefistofele » PRÉSENTATION DU PROJET : Chaque année, les Chorégies d’Orange proposent un projet de sensibilisation autour d’une œuvre lyrique (opéra). Ce parcours pédagogique permet à des collégiens et lycéens de la Région de s’approprier l’art lyrique en assistant à une répétition générale au théâtre antique d’Orange. Et cette année, c’est à la première représentation publique, le jeudi 05 juillet 2018, que les jeunes sont invités ! AU PROGRAMME : L’œuvre proposée cette année est l’opéra « Mefistofele » (créé à la Scala de Milan le 05 mars 1868) du compositeur italien Arrigo BOITO (1842-1918), opéra en 4 actes (7 tableaux), d’après le mythe de Faust. « Fugace instant sacré, Fige-toi, tu es beau ! A moi l’éternité ! » Résumé : « Mefistofele parie avec Dieu qu’il parviendra à corrompre le vieux savant Faust, donné comme un exemple de vertu et de sagesse, en lui proposant un pacte. Faust lui donnera son âme en échange d’un instant de bonheur d’une intensité unique. Le diable favorise la rencontre du vieux philosophe miraculeusement rajeuni avec la jeune et innocente Marguerite, puis il le fait participer à une nuit de sabbat. Marguerite, abandonnée par son amant, est jetée en prison pour avoir empoisonné sa mère et noyé son enfant. Son âme est sauvée quand elle implore Dieu en reniant son amour pour Faust qui est entraîné par Mefistofele en Grèce où il déclare sa flamme à la belle Hélène. Redevenu vieux, Faust médite avec amertume sur son expérience. Mefistofele, sentant qu’il lui échappe, essaie à nouveau de le tenter ; mais Faust meurt réconcilié avec Dieu, tandis que le démon disparaît en reconnaissant sa défaite. » Page 1 sur 7 Document réalisé par les élèves de seconde du lycée St Louis d’Orange et de la Cité scolaire de Vaison-la-Romaine. © DAAC Aix-Marseille – Thibaut PLANTEVIN SE Chargé de mission auprès des Chorégies d’Orange – 2017-2018. Prologue céleste : • Des fanfares de trompettes annoncent les phalanges célestes saluant le Seigneur en un chœur de louanges. Paraît alors Méphistophélès. Faisant écho aux anges, l’esprit du mal s’adresse sardoniquement à Dieu. Le défiant, il parie qu’il va faire tomber en son pouvoir le vieux savant Faust, ce sage en quête de Vérité. Le pari est scellé. L’arrivée d’une nuée de chérubins met le Diable en fuite. De la Terre montent les voix des pénitentes qui se joignent à celles des anges pour un nouvel hymne au Seigneur. Première partie : • Acte I : « Le dimanche de Pâques » Dimanche de Pâques à Francfort-sur-le-Main. Une foule joyeuse de bourgeois et d’étudiants anime les remparts et la place. Au milieu d’elle, on voit un moine gris suscitant l’intérêt des passants. Faust, accompagné de son élève Wagner, se réjouit, à l’écart de la cohue, de voir revenir le printemps. Comme le jour décline et que le vieux sage et son compagnon se proposent de rentrer, le frère gris reparaît, décrivant autour d’eux d’étranges cercles où Faust croit voir naître des langues de feu. Intrigués, les deux hommes regagnent leur demeure. Apaisé par le calme du soir et l’âme emplie de l’amour de Dieu, Faust s’apprête à lire l’Evangile. Un cri terrifiant accompagne l’apparition soudaine du moine gris, qui s’est glissé dans son laboratoire. Faust, le menaçant du signe occulte de Salomon, le frère disparaît pour laisser place à Méphistophélès en habit de seigneur, un manteau sur l’épaule. Faust comprend vite qu’il est en présence du Diable. Moqueur, ce dernier proclame d’ailleurs dans un monologue grandiloquent, ponctué de sifflements perçants, son essence démoniaque d’esprit négateur, avant d’offrir ses services. Il satisfera tous les désirs terrestres de Faust si ce dernier lui vend son âme et accepte de le suivre dans l’au-delà. Le pacte est conclu sur la promesse d’un instant de joie suprême, si intense qu’il inspirera, à celui qui le vivra, le désir de le retenir par ces mots : « Arrête-toi, tu es beau ! ». Méphisto enlève alors sa proie dans les plis de son manteau. • Acte II : « Le jardin », « La nuit de dimanche » Un jardin. Méphistophélès a favorisé la rencontre de Faust, miraculeusement rajeuni, et de la jeune villageoise Marguerite. Tandis que lui-même feint de courtiser Marthe, une veuve d’âge mûr, voisine de la jeune fille, Faust invite celle-ci à une nuit d’amour. Marguerite, craignant que sa mère ne les surprenne, reçoit de son galant un flacon de somnifère propre à faciliter leurs dessins. Au pied du Brocken, la montagne des sorcières. Le temps a passé, Faust a abandonné Marguerite. Il accompagne à présent Méphisto à la nuit du Sabbat pour assister à la danse des sorcières. Le Diable entonne une ballade satanique en tenant en ses mains un globe de verre symbolisant le monde qu’il couvre de mépris et qui va se briser à terre en mille éclats. Sur les débris se déchaîne une danse infernale. Faust est alors frappé d’une vision : Marguerite lui apparaît, le cou cerclé d’un collier de sang. • Acte III : « La mort de Marguerite » Une prison. Marguerite, condamnée pour avoir empoisonné sa mère et noyé l’enfant né de son union avec Faust, est prostrée sur son grabat. L’esprit en proie à égarement, elle revit son drame. Faust, accompagné de Méphisto, vient pour la délivrer. Elle refuse d’abord de le suivre avant de s’abandonner à lui à l’évocation d’un avenir que les injonctions pressantes du Diable suffisent à rendre chimérique. S’arrachant à son amant qu’elle renie, Marguerite implore le pardon du Ciel et meurt bercée par le chœur céleste célébrant son salut. Seconde partie : • Acte IV : « La nuit du classique dimanche » Cherchant encore à éblouir Faust, Méphisto l’entraîne dans la Grèce antique pour lui faire assister à un sabbat classique. A la clarté de la lune, on y voit Hélène de Troie évoquer l’incendie de sa cité. Cet univers est hors de portée de Méphisto, sans pouvoir sur les divinités antiques. Il s’éclipse. En revanche, Hélène incarne à présent aux yeux de Faust l’idéal de Beauté dont il voudrait faire le but suprême de sa vie. Les deux êtres s’unissent dans un duo sublimé. • Épilogue : Dans son laboratoire, Faust, redevenu vieux, médite sur son existence, en homme désabusé. Il a connu le réel et l’idéal, l’amour d’une vierge et celui d’une déesse. Le premier s’est mué en douleur. Le second ne fut que songe. Alors qu’il rêve de faire le bien de l’humanité en l’éclairant de la sagesse divine, le Diable l’incite de nouveau à le suivre. Aux phalanges célestes répondent les sirènes tentatrices. Saisissant l’Evangile, Faust éloigne ces dernières et, tombant en extase à genoux, prononce les paroles que le diable n’a pas su finalement lui arracher : Page 2 sur 7 Document réalisé par les élèves de seconde du lycée St Louis d’Orange et de la Cité scolaire de Vaison-la-Romaine. © DAAC Aix-Marseille – Thibaut PLANTEVIN SE Chargé de mission auprès des Chorégies d’Orange – 2017-2018. « Reste, tu es si beau ». Il expire en bienheureux sous une pluie de roses tandis que Méphistophélès se tord de rage impuissante avant de disparaître sous terre. Présentation de la version jouée aux Chorégies d’Orange les 05 et 09 juillet 2018 : Distribution : • Direction musicale : Nathalie STUTZMANN* (52 ans, française, chef d’orchestre) • Mise en scène : Jean-Louis GRINDA* (57 ans, monégasque) • Décors : Rudy SABOUNGHI* (62 ans, égyptien) • Costumes : Buki SHIFF * (allemande) • Éclairages : Laurent CASTAINGT* (33 ans, français) • Vidéos : Julien SOULIER* (français) Personnages : • Mefistofele : Erwin SCHROTT (44 ans, uruguayen a déjà joué dans Mefistofele) • Faust : Jean-François BORRAS* (français, première représentation dans Mefistofele) • Margherita : Carmen GIANNATTASIO* (42 ans, italienne, première représentation dans Mefistofele) • Marta : Marie-Ange TODOROVITCH (française, première représentation dans Mefistofele) • Wagner / Nereo : Reinaldo MACIAS* (cubain, première représentation pour Mefistofele) • Elena : Béatrice URIA-MONZON (53 ans, française a déjà jouée aux Chorégies d’Orange) • Pantalis : Valentine LEMERCIER (26 ans, française première interprétation dans Mefistofele). *Première participation aux Chorégies d’Orange + Chœurs : Phalanges Célestes, Chœur mystique, Chérubins, Pénitents, Promeneurs, Arbalétriers, Chasseurs, Etudiants, Villageois, Femmes du peuple, Bourgeois, Sorcières, Sorciers, Chorétides grecs, Faunes, Sirènes, Néréides, Dorides, Sylphides, Coryphées grecs, Guerriers. (BOITO précise 128 chanteurs et 24 enfants) Musique interprétée par l’Orchestre philharmonique de Radio France, les chœurs des Opéras d’Avignon, Monte- Carlo et Nice et le chœur d’enfants de l’Académie Rainier III de Monaco. L’opéra dure environ 2h50 avec un entracte de 20 minutes inclus. * personnages qui ne chantent pas Page 3 sur 7 Document réalisé par les élèves de seconde du lycée St Louis d’Orange et de la Cité scolaire de Vaison-la-Romaine. © DAAC Aix-Marseille – Thibaut PLANTEVIN SE Chargé de mission auprès des Chorégies d’Orange – 2017-2018. Page 4 sur 7 Document réalisé par les élèves de seconde du lycée St Louis d’Orange et de la Cité scolaire de Vaison-la-Romaine. © DAAC Aix-Marseille – Thibaut PLANTEVIN SE Chargé de mission auprès des Chorégies d’Orange – 2017-2018. LA MUSIQUE : Mefistofele n’appartient pas au mouvement du bel canto (qui désigne une musique technique de chant fondé sur la recherche du timbre, mêlant une diversité vocale nuancée et homogène). Ici au contraire, l’expérience française se concentre sur la profondeur et le drame du livret présentant la symphonie de l’orchestre. C’est pourquoi, cette création fut un fiasco en raison de son incompréhension ne collant pas aux habitudes musicales de l’époque.
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