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Previous LandsCape AsSEsSMents and STudy Methods 2 PREVIOUS LANDSCAPE ASSESSMENTS AND STUDY METHODS PREVIOUS LANDSCAPE ASSESSMENTS AND STUDY METHODS PREVIOUS LANDSCAPE ASSESSMENTS - PREVIOUS LANDSCAPE ASSESSMENTS AND STUDY METHODS 2.0 STUDY METHODS in the later NCA. The principle character areas 2.1 from the 96/97 work were noted as being broadly 2.1.1 The 1996 AONB and 1997 Landscape Assessment compatible with the regional character areas. Eight of Mendip District studies were undertaken following of these areas overlap with the MDC area. the relevant guidance of the time provided by the Countryside Commission (predecessor to Natural 2.1.5 Other landscape assessments undertaken within England) dating from 1993. The work included the district include the Fringes of Mendip’s Towns a literature review, site visits mapping of physical 1996 and the districts internal Assessment of Special features and designations followed by more extensive Landscape Features (November 2012). [2.4] field work. 2.1.6 The fuller National Landscape Character Profiles for 2.1.2 The analysis work included identification of landscape each of the eight areas that overlap the district were types at 1:25,000 scale based on physical attributes then published in 2014 [2.1] These include; such as landform, geology, vegetation and settlement • The Mendip Hills and overall visual qualities. From this work some areas such as the Mendip plateau were seen as • Bristol Avon Valleys and Ridges distinct homogenous units but others were deemed to complex with overlapping mosaics of land use and • The Cotswolds settlement pattern. Although a map was prepared It was concluded it was not helpful in describing and • Avon Valleys analysing the landscape any further. • Blackmoor Vale and the Vale of Wardour 2.1.3 The work then concentrated on the identification of • The Yeovil Scarplands the landscape character areas. These were defined as a series of broad-scale principle character areas • The Mid Somerset Hills and the with subdivisions at a smaller scale. The areas were mapped at 1:50,000 scale but not GIS digitised. • Somerset Levels and Moors 2.1.4 At around the same time the Countryside Commission produced the Character Programme classification of the English landscape into regional character areas. This was the early forerunner to the 2014 National Landscape Character Areas project. The broad character areas identified in this region are essentially the same, but with more detail provided | | 10 PREVIOUS LANDSCAPE ASSESSMENTS AND STUDY METHODS 2.1.7 These still generally correlate with the 1996 principle character areas. Two subtle differences are noted in relation to the coverage. Around Frome the NCA has a split between the Avon Vales that extend into Wiltshire and the Blackmoor Vale that extends into South Somerset. In the 1996 assessment (and this study) the area is treated as one following the River Frome catchment to the north east corner of the district (LCA areas B1 – B3 Section 6.3). West of Wells a line of small hills at the foot of the Mendip scarp is on the boundary between the NCA Mendip and Levels Areas. As the area is distinct from both these wider landscapes it is identified within the 1996 study (and again here) as a separate principle character area, the Wookey Islands (LCA areas G1 – G3 Section 6.8). | | 11 PREVIOUS LANDSCAPE ASSESSMENTS AND STUDY METHODS STUDY APPROACH “Our landscapes vary because of, amongst other variables, 2.2.4 Landscape character assessments are useful for 2.2 their underlying geology, soils, topography, land cover, providing a baseline of existing conditions against 2.2.1 The approach taken for this work follows the well- hydrology, historic and cultural development, and climatic which the impact of potential development may be established best practice guidance. This is in the considerations. The combination of characteristics arising measured against. However, character alone does form of two main publications; from these physical and socio economic influences, and not fully cover how areas may be used, seen or their often complex interrelationships, makes one landscape otherwise valued. • Landscape Character Assessment guidance for different from another. Landscape character may be defined England and Scotland. Published jointly by as a distinct and recognisable pattern of elements, or 2.2.5 While the complexities of geology or history may the Countryside Agency (now NE) and Scottish characteristics, in the landscape that make one landscape be directly connected to appreciable aspects of Natural Heritage in 2002 [2.5] different from another, rather than better or worse. Landscape modern landscapes there may be circumstance where such added interest may not be that apparent • An Approach to Landscape Character Assessment. Character Assessment (LCA) is the process of identifying but once understood add greatly to the interest Published by Natural England in 2014 [2.6] and describing variation in the character of the landscape. It seeks to identify and explain the unique combination of or perceived value of a place. The demand for access to recreational green space means that some 2.2.2 The later guidance cross refers to the earlier document elements and features (characteristics) that make landscapes and both remain current. distinctive (Fig. 1*. What is Landscape?). This process results in the production of a Landscape Character Assessment. 2.2.3 The basic premise of these recommendations is for assessments to gain an understanding of the character The Landscape Character Assessment process is used of the landscape across broad areas rather than increasingly to inform urban, or townscape, assessments, simply focus on issues of quality and designations. and Seascape Character Assessments. The scope of the The 2014 guide includes a helpful explanation of ELC applies to natural, rural, urban and peri-urban areas landscape character and the assessment process. and includes land, inland water and marine areas. As the European Landscape Convention acknowledges, “the landscape is an important part of the quality of life for people everywhere: in urban areas and in the countryside, in degraded areas as well as in areas of high quality, in areas recognised as being of outstanding beauty as well as everyday areas.” All landscapes matter to someone. By setting down a robust, auditable and transparent, baseline Landscape Character Assessment can not only help us to understand our landscapes, it can also assist in informing judgements and decisions concerning the management of change. The involvement of people in the process of LCA is key. Both communities of place and communities of interest must be engaged in LCA.” [2.6] What is Landscape - Graphic Extracted from Natural England’s Approach to Landscape Character Assessment Oct 2014 [* Refers to the NE Wheel of Landscape / Ecosystem Services approach – reproduced here] | | 12 PREVIOUS LANDSCAPE ASSESSMENTS AND STUDY METHODS areas of quite nondescript character may be highly 2.3 PROJECT STAGES consider ways in which the assessment could be made valued simply by virtue of the access to the outdoors. accessible and engaging for the public. Mapping of individual character areas can include 2.3.1 Following the guidance the project adopted four some reference to the availability of views and main work stages. 2.3.5 The agreed brief and detailed methodology was set distant landmarks; but this can add another layer out and agreed with the Commissioning Officers Stage 1 Brief, Purpose and scope of complexity over whether the view is from a public (Appendix 1). place and if it encompasses the landscape of other In the preparation for this study the project brief Stage 2 Desk study 2.3.2 character areas. was reviewed, and discussion held over the benefits of either an update or an entirely new landscape 2.3.6 This stage involved the review of existing assessments 2.2.6 The availability and sensitivity of views is generally assessment. The individual character areas were including the National Character Areas work and considered as a separate exercise from landscape scanned and imported into GIS and overlaid on those of the neighbouring authority areas. An and landscape character impact assessments (note larger scale maps. The previous work was reviewed in understanding of the wider context of the district was the Mendip AONB Management Plan lists views as relation to the latest guidance from Natural England drawn together along with mapping of the different one of the special qualities of the AONB although this [2.6]. From this it was agreed that the previous layers of available GIS data sets. These included was not a specific topic coved in the 1996 LCA study. character area boundaries were an appropriate the Local Plan designations. A background review Also, the process of characterisation of landscape starting point and the work would concentrate on of reference material on the history and ecological down into distinct areas may lead to a degree of adding more detail rather than a full review of interest was undertaken; along with research into compartmentalisation and reduce the appreciation precise areas. Where obvious discrepancies were cultural influences and other forms of landscape of the value of an area as a collection or as a whole. found these would be adjusted and the order and related events and activities. 2.2.7 In order to provide a full response to the ‘Valued area names would be updated as appropriate. The 2.3.7 During this stage the extent of renewable energy Landscape’ issues raised within the MDC brief, this consistency of the overall boundaries of the principle schemes undertaken in recent years was mapped assessment includes reference to these wider points character areas with the National Character NCA and locations / extents tabulated. The location, alongside the main character assessment.
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