Discrimination on Grounds of Race in the Russian Federation
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Xenophobia As a Challenge to Positive Peace in Russia: Inter-Group Relations Within the Academia
Xenophobia as a Challenge to Positive Peace in Russia: Inter-group Relations Within The Academia Master’s Thesis in Peace, Mediation and Conflict Research Developmental Psychology Nikita Kordashenko, 1902049 Supervisor: Karin Österman Faculty of Education and Welfare Studies Åbo Akademi University, Finland Spring 2021 Nikita Kordashenko Abstract Aim: The aim of the study was to investigate positive attitudes towards integrating immigrant minorities, intense group identification, and psychological concomitants among Russian university students. Method: A questionnaire was completed by 129 females, 48 males, and three respondents who reported “other” as sex. The mean age was 19.8 (SD 2.6) for females and 21.8 (SD 2.9) for males. The age difference was significant. Results: Of females, 55.8 % and of males 66.7% reported that they knew some foreign student in person. Female students had a significantly more positive attitude towards integration immigrant minorities compared to male students. Male students scored slightly higher than female students on intense group identification. Respondents with low scores on positive attitudes towards integrating immigrants scored significantly higher on intense group identification. No significant differences were found for level of positive attitudes and anxiety and depression. Conclusions: More than half of the students knew some foreign student in person. Positive attitudes towards integrating immigrant minorities were overall high. There was a negative association between positive attitudes towards -
Racism in Russia and Its Effects on the Caucasian TESAM Akademi Dergisi - Turkish Journalregion of TESAM and Academy Peoples Ocak - January 2019
Can KAKIŞIM / Racism in Russia and its Effects on the Caucasian TESAM Akademi Dergisi - Turkish JournalRegion of TESAM and Academy Peoples Ocak - January 2019. 6(1). 97 - 121 ISSN: 2148 – 2462 RACISM IN RUSSIA AND ITS EFFECTS ON THE CAUCASIAN REGION AND PEOPLES1 Can KAKIŞIM2 Abstract Nowadays, Russia is one of those countries which crucially suffer from the racist sentiments and movements. In this country, radical right has an extensive social base and both ruling party and some other political entities can put forward examples of extreme nationalism. Caucasian-origin people have been the most negatively Caucasian immigrants from Georgia, Armenia and Azerbaijan asinfluenced well as group the Northernfrom these Caucasians approaches already since the holding beginning. Russian The citizenship have been target of numerous violent attacks especially in the 2000s. At the same time, rising racism in Russia strengthens expectations from the government to follow more active imperialist policies as racist groups more intensely defend and voice the rights of the Russians living in the former Soviet republics. Furthermore, between Russia and post-Soviet countries and in this sense, they these groups provide an additional fighting power in the clashes geography. compose a significant dimension of the interstate relations in this Keywords: Russia, Racism, Caucasia, Immigration, United Russia 1 Makalenin Geliş Tarihi: 15.04.2018 [email protected] Kabul Tarihi: 22.01.2019 2 Dr. Öğr. Üyesi, Karabük Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Uluslararası Atıf:İlişkiler Bölümü Öğretim Üyesi. e-mail: peoples. Tesam Akademi Dergisi - Kakışım C. (2019). Racism in Russia and its effects on the caucasian region and , 6(1), 97-121. -
FÉDÉRATION DE RUSSIE KADYROV CONTRE ORLOV, LA DÉFENSE DES DROITS DE L’HOMME EN PROCÈS Note D’Analyse Stanislav Krasilnikov © ITAR-TASS / ITAR-TASS
FÉDÉRATION DE RUSSIE KADYROV CONTRE ORLOV, LA DÉFENSE DES DROITS DE L’HOMME EN PROCÈS Note d’analyse Stanislav Krasilnikov © ITAR-TASS / ITAR-TASS Février 2012 SOMMAIRE I. Introduction ...............................................................................................................................3 1. Présentation de la mission ................................................................................................. 3 2. Contexte du procès : la situation des défenseurs des droits de l’homme en Russie ...................................................................................... 3 3. L’impact du procès Ramzan Kadyrov contre Oleg Orlov sur l’ensemble de la société civile russe .......................................................................... 3 II. Le procès contre Oleg Orlov et Memorial : deux ans et demi de menace...................... 5 1. Le procès au civil ................................................................................................................ 5 2. Le procès au pénal ............................................................................................................ 6 3. Le procès pénal en appel ................................................................................................. 7 III. Un coup porté à la communauté des défenseurs des droits de l’homme ...................... 9 1. Une victoire en demi teinte pour Memorial .................................................................... 9 2. La mobilisation des défenseurs russes ........................................................................... -
Russia 2020 Human Rights Report
RUSSIA 2020 HUMAN RIGHTS REPORT EXECUTIVE SUMMARY The Russian Federation has a highly centralized, authoritarian political system dominated by President Vladimir Putin. The bicameral Federal Assembly consists of a directly elected lower house (State Duma) and an appointed upper house (Federation Council), both of which lack independence from the executive. The 2016 State Duma elections and the 2018 presidential election were marked by accusations of government interference and manipulation of the electoral process, including the exclusion of meaningful opposition candidates. On July 1, a national vote held on constitutional amendments did not meet internationally recognized electoral standards. The Ministry of Internal Affairs, the Federal Security Service, the Investigative Committee, the Office of the Prosecutor General, and the National Guard are responsible for law enforcement. The Federal Security Service is responsible for state security, counterintelligence, and counterterrorism, as well as for fighting organized crime and corruption. The national police force, under the Ministry of Internal Affairs, is responsible for combating all crime. The National Guard assists the Federal Security Service’s Border Guard Service in securing borders, administers gun control, combats terrorism and organized crime, protects public order, and guards important state facilities. The National Guard also participates in armed defense of the country’s territory in coordination with Ministry of Defense forces. Except in rare cases, security forces generally report to civilian authorities. National-level civilian authorities have, at best, limited control over security forces in the Republic of Chechnya, which are accountable only to the head of Chechnya, Ramzan Kadyrov. Members of the Russian security forces committed numerous human rights abuses. -
Norwegian Helsinki Committee Annual Report 2012 Annual Report 2012
Norwegian Helsinki Committee Annual Report 2012 Annual Report 2012 Norwegian Helsinki Committee Established in 1977 The Norwegian Helsinki Committee (NHC) is a non-governmental organisation that works to promote respect for human rights, nationally and internationally. Its work is based on the conviction that documentation and active promotion of human rights by civil society is needed for states to secure human rights, at home and in other countries. NHC bases its work on international human rights instruments adopted by the United Nations, the Council of Europe, the Organisation of Security and Cooperation in Europe (OSCE), including the 1975 Helsinki Final Act. The main areas of focus for the NHC are the countries of Europe, North America and Central Asia. The NHC works irrespective of ideology or political system in these countries and maintains political neutrality. How wE work Human rigHts monitoring and reporting Through monitoring and reporting on problematic human rights situations in specific countries, the NHC sheds light on violations of human rights. The NHC places particular emphasis on civil and political rights, including the fundamental freedoms of expression, belief, association and assembly. On-site research and close co-operation with key civil society actors are our main working methods. The NHC has expertise in election observation and has sent numerous observer missions to elections over the last two decades. support of democratic processes By sharing knowledge and with financial assistance, the NHC supports local initiatives for the promotion of an independent civil society and public institutions as well as a free media. A civil society that functions well is a precondition for the development of democracy education and information Through education and information about democracy and human rights, international law and multicultural understanding, we work to increase the focus on human rights violations. -
Hate Crimes.Pdf
110th CONGRESS Printed for the use of the 1st Session Commission on Security and Cooperation in Europe HATE CRIMES November 6, 2007 Briefing of the Commission on Security and Cooperation in Europe Washington: 2010 VerDate Nov 24 2008 11:15 Dec 30, 2010 Jkt 000000 PO 00000 Frm 00001 Fmt 3191 Sfmt 3191 E:\WORK\110607.TXT HAROLD PsN: HAROLD LOGO-BIG.EPS Commission on Security and Cooperation in Europe 234 Ford House Office Building Washington, DC 20515 202–225–1901 [email protected] http://www.csce.gov Legislative Branch Commissioners HOUSE SENATE ALCEE L. HASTINGS, FLORIDA, BENJAMIN L. CARDIN, MARYLAND, Chairman Co-Chairman LOUISE MCINTOSH SLAUGHTER, RUSSELL D. FEINGOLD, WISCONSIN NEW YORK CHRISTOPHER J. DODD, CONNECTICUT MIKE MCINTYRE, NORTH CAROLINA HILLARY RODHAM CLINTON, NEW YORK HILDA L. SOLIS, CALIFORNIA JOHN F. KERRY, MASSACHUSETTS G.K. BUTTERFIELD, NORTH CAROLINA SAM BROWNBACK, KANSAS CHRISTOPHER H. SMITH, NEW JERSEY GORDON SMITH, OREGON ROBERT B. ADERHOLT, ALABAMA SAXBY CHAMBLISS, GEORGIA JOSEPH R. PITTS, PENNSYLVANIA RICHARD BURR, NORTH CAROLINA MIKE PENCE, INDIANA Executive Branch Commissioners VACANT, DEPARTMENT OF STATE VACANT, DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE VACANT, DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE (II) VerDate Nov 24 2008 11:15 Dec 30, 2010 Jkt 000000 PO 00000 Frm 00002 Fmt 3193(2) Sfmt 3193 E:\WORK\110607.TXT HAROLD PsN: HAROLD ABOUT THE ORGANIZATION FOR SECURITY AND COOPERATION IN EUROPE The Helsinki process, formally titled the Conference on Security and Cooperation in Europe, traces its origin to the signing of the Helsinki Final Act in Finland on August 1, 1975, by the leaders of 33 European countries, the United States and Canada. -
1 Global Racisms and Racism in Russia: an Introduction 2 Race And
Notes 1 Global Racisms and Racism in Russia: An Introduction 1. All translations from Russian and German are by the author unless otherwise indicated. 2. Sik became a prisoner of war of the Russians during World War One. He chose to stay in Russia after being released, joined the Soviet Communist Party in 1920, and lived as an Hungarian émigré in the Soviet Union until 1945, when he returned to Hungary. He later served as the Minister of Foreign Affairs of Hungary from 1958 to 1961. 3. http://www.sova-center.ru/en/. 2 Race and Racism in the Russian Past 1. The film featured the following song by Pavel German: ‘Before all enemies are known / While at least one of them is still alive / Every honest and simple Soviet citizen / Has to be an NKVD officer (chekist). / Our fortresses are ever stronger / The chekists of today / Are all the 170 million / Of my Fatherland’s Patriots!’ 2. Stalin composed his Marksizm i natsional’nyi vopros [Marxism and the Nationalities Question] in opposition to Otto Bauer’s Die Nationalitätenfrage und die Sozialdemokratie. Bauer emphasized that ‘commonality of des- tiny’ defines national character (aus Schicksalsgemeinschaft erwachsende Charaktergemeinschaft), and he pointed to ‘commonality of origin’ and ‘natural heredity’ as the important factors in this regard. He nevertheless maintained that ‘cultural commonality’ is the factor which defines the repro- duction of national differences. Bauer’s position may be defined as cultural racism in the language used by some contemporary scholars of racism. 3 Race, Racialization and Racism: A New Theoretical Framework 1. Although only Kant’s Kritik der Urteilskraft is cited here, two different English translations are chosen to use, namely, Pluhar’s and the most recent Cambridge University Press edition. -
In Search of Happy Gypsies
Norway Artctic Ocean Sweden Finland Belarus Ukraine Pacifc Ocean RUSSIA In Search of Kazahstan China Japan Mongolia Happy Gypsies Persecution of Pariah Minorities in Russia COUNTRY REPORTS SERIES NO. 14 Moscow MAY 2005 A REPORT BY THE EUROPEAN ROMA RIGHTS CENTRE European Roma Rights Centre IN SEARCH OF HAPPY GYPSIES Persecution of Pariah Minorities in Russia Country Report Series, No. 14 May 2005 Table of Contents Copyright: © European Roma Rights Centre, May 2005 All rights reserved. ISBN 963 218 338 X ISSN 1416-7409 Graphic Design: Createch Ltd./Judit Kovács Printed in Budapest, Hungary. For information on reprint policy, please contact the ERRC 5 Table of Contents TABLE OF CONTENTS Acknowledgements....................................................................................................7 1. Executive Summary.............................................................................................9 2. Introduction: Anti-Romani Racism....................................................................19 3. A Short History of Roma in Russia ...................................................................43 4. Racially-Motivated Violence and Abuse of Roma by Law Enforcement Officials..............................................................................................................55 4.1 Racial Profiling ..........................................................................................57 4.2 Arbitrary Detention....................................................................................61 4.3 Torture -
On the Situation of Residents of Chechnya in the Russian Federation
MEMORIAL Human Rights Center Migration Rights Network Edited by Svetlana A. Gannushkina On the Situation of Residents of Chechnya in the Russian Federation August 2006 – October 2007 Moscow 2007 1 Этот материал выпущен МОО ПЦ "Мемориал", который внесен в реестр, предусмотренный ст. 13.1.10 ФЗ "Об НКО". Мы обжалуем это решение. The project is funded by the European Commission Based on the materials gathered by the Migration Rights Network, Memorial Human Rights Center, Civic Assistance Committee, Internet Publication Caucasian Knot, SOVA Information and Analysis Center, and others S.A. Gannushkina, Head of the Migration Rights Network, Chairwoman of the Civic Assistance Committee L.Sh. Simakova, compiler of the Report Other contributors to the Report included: E. Burtina, S. Magomedov, Sh. Tangiyev, N. Estemirova The Migration Rights Network of Memorial Human Rights Center has 56 offices providing free legal assistance to forced migrants, including five offices located in Chechnya and Ingushetia (www.refugee.memo.ru). In Moscow lawyers from the Migration Rights Network use the charitable Civic Assistance Committee for Refugee Aid as their base (www.refugee.ru). ISBN 978-5-93439-246-9 Distributed free of charge 2 Этот материал выпущен МОО ПЦ "Мемориал", который внесен в реестр, предусмотренный ст. 13.1.10 ФЗ "Об НКО". Мы обжалуем это решение. CONTENTS I. Introduction............................................................................................................5 II. Svetlana Gannushkina’s speech at the seminar for administrative law judges in Hohenheim, Germany (November 25, 2006): Chechen refugees and the EU qualification rules....................................................................................................6 III. Living conditions and security situation of internally displaced persons and residents of the Chechen Republic......................................................................18 IV. Situation of people from Chechnya in the Republic of Ingushetia......................42 V. -
The New Chechnya. What Happened After the Two Wars
Corso di Laurea magistrale (ordinamento ex D.M. 270/2004) in Relazioni Internazionali Comparate – International Relations Tesi di Laurea The new Chechnya. What happened after the two wars. Relatore Ch. Prof. Aldo Ferrari Correlatore Ch. Prof. Duccio Basosi Laureando Camilla Cairo Matricola 845532 Anno Accademico 2013/2014 Index Abstract p. 1 Introduction p. 4 Chapter I Historic background 1. Introduction to Chechnya: Religion, Society, Law p. 6 2. The Jihad and the Russian Conquest p. 10 3. Stalin’s Policy: the Deportation p. 14 4. The Early Nineties: the First Chechen War p. 16 5. From the Independence to the Second Chechen War p. 23 Chapter II What happened after the two wars? 1. The Chechenization Policy p. 29 a. Monetary Aid from the Federal Government to Chechnya p. 32 b. The Reconstruction of Grozny p. 36 c. The New, Traditional Islam p. 39 d. Cooptation and Terror p. 43 2. Limits of the Chechenization Process p. 47 Chapter III Terrorism Issue 1. Separatism and Fundamentalism p. 49 2. Terrorist Attacks p. 55 3. How to End Terrorism p. 65 Chapter IV Human Rights 1. Memorial and Human Rights Activists’ Situation of Hostility in Russia p. 71 2. The European Court of Human Rights and the UN Committee against Torture p. 76 3. Human Rights Violations Connected to Islam and Other Examples p. 82 4. “Chechnya With No Traces of war” p. 87 Chapter V Ramzan Kadyrov and the Future of Chechnya 1. Ramzan Kadyrov and the Cult of Personality p. 90 2. Chechnya’s Future Within the North Caucasus Region p. -
UNIVERSITY of CALIFORNIA Los Angeles the Red Star State
UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA Los Angeles The Red Star State: State-Capitalism, Socialism, and Black Internationalism in Ghana, 1957-1966 A dissertation submitted in partial satisfaction of the requirements for the degree Doctor of Philosophy in History by Kwadwo Osei-Opare © Copyright by Kwadwo Osei-Opare The Red Star State: State-Capitalism, Socialism, and Black Internationalism in Ghana, 1957-1966 by Kwadwo Osei-Opare Doctor of Philosophy in History University of California, Los Angeles, 2019 Professor Andrew Apter, Chair The Red Star State charts a new history of global capitalism and socialism in relation to Ghana and Ghana’s first postcolonial leader, Kwame Nkrumah. By tracing how Soviet connections shaped Ghana’s post-colonial economic ideologies, its Pan-African program, and its modalities of citizenship, this dissertation contradicts literature that portrays African leaders as misguided political-economic theorists, ideologically inconsistent, or ignorant Marxist-Leninists. Rather, I argue that Nkrumah and Ghana’s postcolonial government actively formed new political economic ideologies by drawing from Lenin’s state-capitalist framework and the Soviet Economic Policy (NEP) to reconcile capitalist policies under a decolonial socialist umbrella. Moreover, I investigate how ordinary Africans—the working poor, party members, local and cabinet-level government officials, economic planners, and the informal sector—grappled with ii and reshaped the state’s role and duty to its citizens, conceptions of race, Ghana’s place within the Cold War, state-capitalism, and the functions of state-corporations. Consequently, The Red Star State attends both to the intricacies of local politics while tracing how global ideas and conceptions of socialism, citizenship, governmentality, capitalism, and decolonization impacted the first independent sub-Saharan African state. -
Choking on Bureaucracy RIGHTS State Curbs on Independent Civil Society Activism WATCH February 2008 Volume 20, No
Russia HUMAN Choking on Bureaucracy RIGHTS State Curbs on Independent Civil Society Activism WATCH February 2008 Volume 20, No. 1(D) Choking on Bureaucracy State Curbs on Independent Civil Society Activism I. Summary............................................................................................................... 1 Methodology.......................................................................................................5 II. Recommendations ...............................................................................................7 To the Russian Government.................................................................................7 With regard to the 2006 NGO law...................................................................7 To safeguard the work and role of NGOs in general ........................................7 To Russia’s International Partners, particularly the European Union and the Council of Europe............................................................................................... 8 To Donors .......................................................................................................... 9 III. Background.......................................................................................................10 Dismantling Checks and Balances.....................................................................10 Crackdown on Dissent and Political Opposition................................................. 12 Adoption of the 2006 NGO Law ........................................................................