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Socio-Economic Research on Management Systems of Living Resources

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Socio-Economic Research on Management Systems of Living Resources Namminersornerullutik Oqartussat Greenland Home Rule INUSSUK • ARCTIC RESEARCH JOURNAL 1 • 2005 Socio-Economic Research on Management Systems of Living Resources Strategies, Recommendations and Examples Proceedings of the Workshop on ‘Social and economic research related to the management of marine resources in West Greenland’ organised by and held at the Greenland Institute of Natural Resources, Nuuk (Greenland), 18–20 November 2003 Ludger Müller-Wille Michael C.S. Kingsley Søren Stach Nielsen (Eds.) Socio-Economic Research on Management Systems of Living Resources INUSSUK - Arctic Research Journal 1 - 2005 Copyright © The authors and Ministry of Culture, Education, Research and Church, Nuuk 2005 Adaptation: Anne Lise Sørensen Typeface: Ariel Print: AKA Print A/S, Århus Ed. and issue 1 Circulation: 500 copies ISBN 87-90948-10-6 ISSN 1397-7431 Excerpts including figures, tables and quotes are allowed with distinct refence to the source. Copies of publica- tions referring to, reviewing or quoting from this publication will be most appreciated. INUSSUK - Arctic Research Journal is published by the Ministry of Culture, Education, Research and Church. It is the purpose of this journal to disseminate results of research in Arctic regions to the population of Green- land as well as research communities in Greenland and Denmark. The journal wishes to contribute to strengthening the cooperation of Arctic research in particular within humanities, social sciences and public health. The editorial board welcome proposals for publications. Editors Research Coordinator Tom Greiffenberg Professor Peter Bjerregaard Greenland Home Rule, Ministry of Culture, National Institute of Public Health Education, Research and Church Øster Farimagsgade 5 P.O. Box 1029, DK-3900 Nuuk, Greenland DK-1399 Copenhagen K Telephone: +299 34 50 00 Telephone: +45 3920 7777 Telefax: +299 32 20 73 Telefax: +45 3920 8010 Email: [email protected] Email: [email protected] Publications in the series to be ordered from Atuagkat P.O. Box 1009 DK-3900 Nuuk, Greenland Email: [email protected] Homepage: www.atuagkat.gl Contents Preface Ludger Müller-Wille, Michael C.S. Kingsley and Søren Stach Nielsen . .7 Opening address Klaus Nygaard . .9 I. Strategies and recommendations for socio-economic research on management of living marine resources in West Greenland . .10 1. Goals . .10 2. Contexts and Concepts . .12 3. Themes. .16 4. Geographical, Social and Political Scales . .17 5. Problems and questions—towards concrete projects . .18 6. Priorities and decision-making process . .21 7. References . .21 II. Human dimensions of the utilisation of living marine resources: some examples . .22 Integration of socio-economic and ecological research in Ecogreen Mark Nuttall . .22 Greenland: a general introduction to a hunting society Søren Stach Nielsen . .35 Beluga management in Greenland: policies, strategies and interests Frank Sejersen . .44 Small, medium and large scale strategies: cases of social response and change in Greenland Rasmus Ole Rasmussen . .56 Fisheries management and small localities: notes on recent Norwegian experiences Nils Aarsæther . .73 Challenges to socio-economic research in a changing society: with a special focus on Greenland Birger Poppel, Rasmus Ole Rasmussen and Gorm Winther . .87 The value and management of living marine resources Ragnar Arnason . .101 Comparative economic systems and management of fishing and hunting resources in Greenland Gorm Winther . .121 III. Social and economic research related to the management of marine resources in West Greenland: synopses of workshop presentations . .132 Ecogreen: setting the scene Michael C.S. Kingsley . .132 Social sciences within Ecogreen Clotilde Bodiguel and Jesper Raakjaer Nielsen . .134 Integration: the concept and its interpretation Mark Nuttall . .139 The hunting and fishing society in Greenland: a general overview Birger Poppel . .139 Social systems and behavior . .144 The social and cultural dynamics of living marine resource use in West Greenland Mark Nuttall . .144 Comparative economic systems and management of fishing and hunting resources Gorm Winther . .146 Canadian Inuk subsistence and economy George Wenzel. .146 Institutional interactions and management options . .152 Greenlandic experience in fisheries and hunting management Andrew Aparico . .152 The on-board processing shrimp fleet of Greenland Peder Munk Pedersen . .155 Small, medium and large scale strategies: cases of social response and changes in Greenland Rasmus Ole Rasmussen . .155 Management of living marine resources: the interface between knowledge and policy Poul Degnbol . .156 Beluga management in Greenland: policies, strategies and interests Frank Sejersen . .158 Experiences from fisheries management in the Faroes Jógvan Mørkøre . .158 Fisheries management and locality development Nils Aarsæther . .159 Social and economic valuation of natural resources . .160 The value and management of living marine resources Ragnar Arnason . .160 Taxation of the resource rent Lars Lund . .160 IV. Appendices . .163 Preface Ludger Müller-Wille, Michael C.S. Kingsley and Søren Stach Nielsen Montréal (Québec) Canada and Nuuk, Greenland ‘Ecogreen’ was originally conceived as a medium-term integrated program of re- search into the structure and function of the West Greenland marine ecosystem. The initiative came from senior levels within Grønlands Naturinstitut, and the overall vision was to establish a scientific basis for an ecosystem-based management of natural resources, sustainable over the long term, in West Greenland waters. This implied also an improved knowledge of physical and biogeochemical interactions as well as ecosystem structure and functioning. A workshop was held at the end of November 2001 to discuss research priorities and attracted nearly 40 marine scientists. Social, institutional and economic scientists were not present at that first workshop. However, it was observed towards its close that if such a research program was to be directed toward enabling sustainable exploitation of resources, it was inevitable that the social and economic aspects of resource use and its management should be an integral part of it. Therefore, social and economic studies were incorporated into the research program that was subsequently written, and it was agreed that re- search topics should necessarily include the structural and institutional drivers of hu- man behaviour as well as the economics of interactions of human activities and the ecosystem. In order to review the suggested outline for a socio-economic research program, a workshop was planned to priorise research areas and topics. The pres- ent document reports on that event. This second workshop was designed to allow for presentations and discussions as well as for group and plenary sessions on the formulation of research strategies and recommendations. The moderator, Ludger Müller-Wille, invited by the Institute for this purpose, guided the participants through this social process by dividing them into three different groups for two sessions, each time with a changed membership of six to eight people. The groups had the same tasks for each session and each group reported back to the plenary following it. For the last plenary session each group presented in writing key words and phrases covering the following points: (1) general concepts and their explanations, (2) research areas—the large ques- tions, (3) geographical and socio-political scale of research, and (4) research ques- tions. Time permitting, these brief texts were discussed in general terms and agreed upon for further action. The report comprises four sections. Section I presents strategies and recommenda- tions formulated by the participants during and after the Workshop; it is followed by 7 Section II with papers on the human dimensions of the utilisation of living marine resources and Section III with contributions based on social and economic research on the management of marine resources. Section IV contains the actual workshop programme and the list of all participants who engaged in the workshop’s activities during and after the event. Views expressed in the articles included here are those of the authors, not necessar- ily shared by the editors, the Greenland Institute of Natural Resources or the Nordic Council of Ministers. It was difficult to reach, as a final product from the Workshop, a clear blueprint for a planned and priorised research programme. First of all, the very reason for the Workshop was to bring together a group of people working in a broad spectrum of social and economic domains. In this we were successful, as this resulting report verifies; but this diversity of viewpoints and experience was difficult to blend into a coherent view of research priorities. Furthermore, this Workshop was a first attempt at setting priorities for social and economic research related to the management of living resources in Greenland over this wide spectrum of possible fields, and we re- gard it, and its report, as a first step in a continuing development of such research— and plans for it—in Greenland. The workshop was funded by a grant obtained from the Nordic Council of Ministers. In the preparation of this publication editorial and linguistic assistance by Linna We- ber Müller-Wille (St-Lambert, Québec, Canada) is gratefully acknowledged. The editors express their gratitude to the participants and organisers of this workshop and to the Greenland Institute of Natural Resources, in particular, for the hospitality that all of us received
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