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32. Palynological Study of Upper Jurassic and Lower Cretaceous Sediments, Site 511, Deep Sea Drilling Project Leg 71 (Falkland Plateau)1

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32. Palynological Study of Upper Jurassic and Lower Cretaceous Sediments, Site 511, Deep Sea Drilling Project Leg 71 (Falkland Plateau)1 32. PALYNOLOGICAL STUDY OF UPPER JURASSIC AND LOWER CRETACEOUS SEDIMENTS, SITE 511, DEEP SEA DRILLING PROJECT LEG 71 (FALKLAND PLATEAU)1 Ida Z. Kotova, Geological Institute of the U.S.S.R. Academy of Sciences, Moscow, U.S.S.R. ABSTRACT Samples from Upper Jurassic and Lower Cretaceous sediments at Site 511 were analyzed for palynomorphs. Three palynological assemblages were identified: Upper Jurassic (presumably Tithonian), Neocomian-Aptian, and lower Al- bian. These were correlated to synchronous assemblages in Argentina, South Africa, and Australia and were compared with Jurassic palynoassemblages from Hole 330, Leg 36. INTRODUCTION this interval (Cores 63, 61, 59), amorphous detritus is coagulated into rounded yellow brown aggregates with At Site 511, on the Falkland Plateau (western part of an admixture of pyrite. Traces of pyrite are seen on the the Maurice Ewing Bank), Upper Jurassic and Lower surfaces of spores and pollen. Cretaceous sediments were penetrated by Hole 511, The available sapropelic material enables us to assume drilled to a depth of 632 meters some 10 km from Site that black shales in this interval were formed under an- 330 (Leg 36). Within the Jurassic-Lower Cretaceous in- aerobic conditions. The uneven distribution of pollen terval, two lithological units (Units 5 and Unit 6) were and spores suggests an alternation of anaerobic condi- identified. The upper unit (Unit 5) is composed of cal- tions with slightly oxidizing environments. However, careous claystones. Their oxidation state did not favor low abundances of spores can be due to unfavorable cli- the preservation of organic matter: the sediments con- matic conditions for ferns on the nearby land. Amor- tain no spores, pollen, dinoflagellate cysts, or plant de- phous sapropelic material disappears at the beginning of tritus. Core 58. The lower unit (Unit 6) is composed of black shales In Sample 511-58-3, 53-55 cm, the plant detritus con- containing 1.7-4.1% organic carbon. In this unit, only sists of large, bright orange, cuticular remains. The con- 47 of all samples taken contained spores, pollen, dino- tent and diversity of fern spores sharply increase. From flagellate cysts, and great amounts of plant detritus. Sample 511-58-2, 142-144 cm to Sample 511-56-4, 142- The samples were treated with hydrochloric acid, po- 144 cm the plant detritus contains fragments of middle- tassium sodium hydroxide, hydrofluoric acid, and cad- sized cuticles and tracheids, brown to black in color, mium liquid. with an admixture of crushed micrinitic material. Disap- The results of the palynological analysis are summar- pearance of sapropelic material may denote the begin- ized in Table 1, which shows the percentage of spores ning of oxidizing processes, and the admixture of micri- and pollen. Figure 1 shows the stratigraphic distribution nitic material may suggest a certain remoteness from a of the most characteristic species and genera. Photo- source area. Diverse and numerous fern spores lead us graphs in Plates 1-15 were made with a Biolam micro- to assume that climatic conditions for the existence of scope and a MNF-12 microphotographic device. ferns were favorable on the nearby land. The palynological analysis allowed us to distinguish DISTRIBUTION OF SPORES AND POLLEN IN three assemblages within the interval from 495 to 632 UPPER JURASSIC AND LOWER CRETACEOUS meters. SEDIMENTS AT SITE 511; AGE OF PALYNOASSEMBLAGES Assemblage I Organic remains of plant origin in the interval between Assemblage I was identified in the interval from 632 498 and 632 meters (Unit 6, Cores 70-56) consisted of to 555 meters (Cores 70-63). Of 31 samples analyzed, 18 plant detritus, spores, pollen, and dinoflagellate cysts. contained spores and pollen. The last were not examined in this study. Plant detritus The assemblage abounds in gymnosperm pollen in in Cores 70-59 is in the form of amorphous sapropelic which Classopollis predominates (45.5-78%) and Vit- material and fragments of cuticles and tracheids belong- reisporites pallidus (7.5-38%) is abundant. Bisaccate ing to terrestrial plants. The distribution of pollen and and trisaccate conifer pollen and pollen of the genus spores in this interval is variable. They are abundant in Callialasporites (C. dampieri, C. trilobatus, C. turba- Cores 70-68 and 63-60 but not numerous in Cores 67- tus, C. segmentatus) are always present. Less frequent is 64 and 59. In some samples from the uppermost parts of monosaccate conifer pollen (Monosaccites sp. 1), Sulco- saccispora sp., and Araucariacites australis. Spores are Ludwig, W. J., Krasheninnikov, V. A., et al., Init. Repts. DSDP, 71: Washington not numerous (2.0-8%) and are represented mostly by (U.S. Govt. Printing Office). Antulsporites saevus, A. varigranulatus, Converrucosi- 879 I. Z. KOTOVA Table 1. Percentage chart of spores and pollen in Upper Jurassic and Lower Cretaceous sediments, Site 511. 4 1 Gore/Section i 1 (interval in cm) m 120- 130- rr w — u 40-4 <N — — Tt m — u m <N <N Species \D \D 3 VD "° Total Specimens 650 293 427 311 453 282 362 237 430 257 259 236 450 179 240 362 290 347 401 557 Spores 4.5 7.5 6.0 6.0 5.0 5.0 5.0 5.5 5.0 3.5 4.0 7.5 2.0 6.0 4.5 4.0 5.0 8.0 5.0 3.0 Gymnosperms 95.5 92.5 94.0 94.0 95.0 95.0 95.0 94.5 95.0 96.5 96.0 93.0 98.0 94.0 95.5 96 0 95.0 92.0 95.0 97.0 Angiosperms Spores 1. Anapiculatisporites dawsonensis 0.5 2. Antulsporites saevus 1.5 0.5 3. A. varigranulatus 4. Appendicisporites sp. 5. Baculatisporites comaumensis 6. Biretrisporites sp. 7. Ceratosporites distalgranulatus 8. Cibotiumspora sp. 9. Cicatricosisporites australiensis 10. C. hallei 11. C hughesi 12. C. ludbrooki 13. C proxiradiatus 14. Cicatricosisporites sp. 1 15. C. sp. 2 16. C. sp. 3 17. C. sp. 4 18. C. sp. 5 19. Cingutriletes clavus 20. Concavissimisporites variverrucatus 21. C. sp. 0.5 22. Contignisporites cooksonii 23. C fornicatus 24. Converrucosisporites utriculosus 25. Coronatispora valdensis 26. C. perforata 27. Crybelosporites aff. striatus 28. C. sp. 1 29. C. berberioides 30. Cyatheacidites tec t if era 31. C. sp. 1 32. C. sp. 2 33. Cyathidites australis 0.5 + + 0.5 34. C minor 0.5 1.0 1.0 1.0 0.5 1.0 0.5 1.0 0.5 1.5 1.0 + 35. Cyclocrystella sp. 36. Densoisporites velatus 37. Dictyophyllidites sp. 38. Dictyotosporites complex 39. Distaltriangulisporites pelliculus 40. Foveosporites moretonensis 41. /\ subtriangularis 42. Gleicheniidites senonicus 1.0 0.5 1.5 1.0 2.0 1.0 1.0 0.5 0.5 43. G. spp. 44. Granulatisporites sp. 45. Interulobites algoensis 0.5 0.5 46. /. sinuosus 0.5 1.0 47. /. triangularis 0.5 + 0.5 48. /. sp. 49. Ischyosporites crater is 50. /. marburgensis 51. /. volkheimeri 0.5 0.5 0.5 52. /. sp. 1 53. /. sp. 2 54. Klukisporites lacunus 55. Kuylisporites lunaris 56. Laevigatosporites ovatus Note: + indicates content <0.5%. sporites utriculosus, Cyathidites australis, C. minor, Dic- sonii, Dictyotosporites complex, Foveosporites subtri- tyophyllidites sp., Gleicheniidites senonicus, Interulo- angularis, Ischyosporites crateris, Marattisporites scab- bites algoensis, I. triangularis, I. sinuosus, Ischyospo- ratus, and others (Plate 1). rites volkheimeri, I. marburgensis, Leptolepidites ver- The age of Assemblage I is Upper Jurassic. No forms rucatus, Matonisporites crassiangulatus, Nevesisporites that were observed are peculiar to Lower Cretaceous sp., and Staplinisporites caminus. Less frequently rec- sediments. The assemblage contains species and genera ognized were Anapiculatisporites dawsonensis, Conca- that are always found in Jurassic sediments of Austra- vissimisporites variverrucatus, Contignisporites cook- lia, Argentina, and South Africa: trisaccate conifer pol- 880 PALYNOLOGY OF CRETACEOUS AND JURASSIC SEDIMENTS, HOLE 511 Table 1. (Continued). 2 4 5 sε-ε εε-ε εε-ε 5 5 0 8 2 0 5 4 5 8 8 8 9 6 m 5 i i <s ε ε ε 142-14 54-5 133-13 ' 38-4 36-4 33-3 50-5 53-5 61-6 62-6 65-6 26-2 26-2 140-14 26-2 33-3 33-3 ,58-6 , U u U I , , , <s u <N <s" <s vo t <s 3 u u t 00 oó 00 r~ r- 62-3 3 3 3 K •o ú 3 3 3 i σ\ oo' 00 9! 3E 3 s 249 315 323 320 260 257 329 291 222 330 336 349 526 190 222 136 318 596 646 722 454 531 560 374 496 379 455 7.5 5.0 8.0 5.0 6.0 5.0 5.5 5.0 6.0 7.5 6.5 8.0 7.5 9.0 25.0 30.0 18.5 23.0 39.5 27.5 32.0 33.0 28.5 41.0 46.0 54.0 43.0 92.5 95.0 92.0 95.0 94.0 95.0 94.5 95.0 94.0 92.5 93.5 92.0 92.5 91.0 75.0 70.0 81.5 77.0 60.5 72.5 68.0 67.0 71.0 59.0 54.0 46.0 57.0 0.5 + * * ; * 1.0 0.5 2.0 3.0 0.5 1.0 2.0 0.5 0.5 1.5 * + 0.5 + + + 1.0 + + + + * + + + + * * * * 1.0 0.5 1.0 1.0 1.0 : : + + * : + + + + 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 3.0 1.5 3.0 1.0 + + + 0.5 0.5 + + 1.0 + 0.5 + + + 0.5 1.0 1.0 0.5 0.5 1.0 1.0 1.0 3.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 0.5 1.0 0.5 2.0 2.0 5.0 4.0 2.5 7.5 10.0 8.0 2.5 4.0 1.5 6.0 2.5 4.0 5.0 + * * * + ÷ ÷ + + + + + + + 0.5 + 1.5 1.0 0.5 0.5 1.0 1.5 1.0 1.5 0.5 14.0 16.0 7.0 6.0 18.0 11.0 20.0 18.0 18.0 21.0 36.0 39.0 29.5 + + 0.5 0.5 0.5 + * * * * 0.5 • + ; ; ; I 0.5 len, Callialasporites spp., Contignisporites cooksonii, (Neuquén Province, Argentina), the lower-middle Ti- Antulsporites saevus, Ischyosporites spp., Matonispo- thonian age of which has been established by means of rites crassiangulatus, Dictyotosporites complex.
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