Lampasas River Watershed Protection Plan
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LLaammppaassaass RRiivveerr WWaatteerrsshheedd PPrrootteeccttiioonn Plan DDeevveellooppeedd bbyy TThhee LLaammppaassaass RRiivveerr WWaatteerrsshheedd PPaarrttnneerrsshhiipp 78 MMaayy 22001133 Page ii THE LAMPASAS RIVER WATERSHED PROTECTION PLAN Prepared for the Lampasas River Watershed Partnership by Lisa Prcin and Raghavan Srinivasan Texas A&M AgriLife Research, Blackland Research and Extension Center and Pamela Casebolt Texas State Soil and Water Conservation Board Funding for the development of this Watershed Protection Plan was provided through a federal Clean Water Act §319(h) grant to Texas A&M AgriLife Research, administered by the Texas State Soil and Water Conservation Board from the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Page i Table of Contents TABLE OF CONTENTS ................................................................................................. II LIST OF FIGURES .......................................................................................................IV LIST OF TABLES ........................................................................................................ VII LIST OF ACRONYMS .................................................................................................. IX EXECUTIVE SUMMARY .............................................................................................. XI 1. WATERSHED MANAGEMENT .............................................................................. 1 WATERSHED DEFINITION ................................................................................................................................ 1 WATERSHEDS AND WATER QUALITY ................................................................................................................. 1 A WATERSHED APPROACH .............................................................................................................................. 5 WATERSHED PROTECTION PLANNING ................................................................................................................ 6 2. THE LAMPASAS RIVER WATERSHED .................................................................... 8 WATERSHED CHARACTERISTICS ........................................................................................................................ 9 LAND USE .................................................................................................................................................. 13 WATER QUALITY ......................................................................................................................................... 18 3. THE LAMPASAS RIVER WATERSHED PARTNERSHIP ........................................... 28 PARTNERSHIP GOALS ................................................................................................................................... 29 PARTNERSHIP ORGANIZATION ........................................................................................................................ 29 ADAPTIVE IMPLEMENTATION ......................................................................................................................... 33 4. ESTIMATES OF POLLUTANT LOADS AND LOAD REDUCTIONS ............................. 35 LOAD DURATION CURVES.............................................................................................................................. 35 DATA LIMITATIONS ...................................................................................................................................... 38 LAMPASAS RIVER AT US HWY 84 ................................................................................................................... 39 LAMPASAS RIVER AT LAMPASAS CR 2925........................................................................................................ 41 LAMPASAS RIVER FM 2313 .......................................................................................................................... 43 SULPHUR CREEK AT LAMPASAS CR 3050 ......................................................................................................... 45 LAMPASAS RIVER AT US HWY 190 ................................................................................................................ 47 ROCKY CREEK AT FM 963............................................................................................................................. 49 BACTERIA TRENDS AND PROCESSES ................................................................................................................. 51 RECOMMENDED PERCENT LOAD REDUCTIONS ................................................................................................... 52 ANNUAL LOADS AND REDUCTIONS .................................................................................................................. 53 5. POLLUTANT SOURCES IN THE LAMPASAS RIVER WATERSHED ........................... 54 SPATIALLY EXPLICIT LOAD ENRICHMENT CALCULATION TOOL ............................................................................... 54 AGRICULTURE ............................................................................................................................................. 57 WILDLIFE AND FERAL HOGS ........................................................................................................................... 67 URBAN SOURCES ......................................................................................................................................... 72 6. MANAGEMENT MEASURES .............................................................................. 79 Page ii AGRICULTURE NONPOINT SOURCE MEASURES .................................................................................................. 79 WILDLIFE AND FERAL HOG MANAGEMENT MEASURES ....................................................................................... 85 URBAN MANAGEMENT MEASURES ................................................................................................................. 90 7. OUTREACH AND EDUCATION STRATEGY ......................................................... 106 INITIAL OUTREACH AND EDUCATION EFFORTS ................................................................................................. 106 BROAD-BASED PROGRAMS AND TRAINING RESOURCES ..................................................................................... 109 TARGETED POLLUTANT SOURCE OUTREACH EFFORTS ....................................................................................... 114 8. MEASURES OF SUCCESS .................................................................................. 122 ADAPTIVE IMPLEMENTATION ....................................................................................................................... 122 MONITORING AND WATER QUALITY CRITERIA ................................................................................................ 123 BACTERIAL SOURCE TRACKING ..................................................................................................................... 127 SOIL AND WATER ASSESSMENT TOOL ............................................................................................................ 130 9. PROJECT IMPLEMENTATION ........................................................................... 131 TECHNICAL ASSISTANCE .............................................................................................................................. 131 SCHEDULE, MILESTONES AND ESTIMATED COSTS ............................................................................................. 133 PROJECT COORDINATION ............................................................................................................................ 133 SOURCES OF FUNDING ................................................................................................................................ 138 EXPECTED LOAD REDUCTIONS ...................................................................................................................... 144 REFERENCES .......................................................................................................... 146 A. PARTNERSHIP GROUND RULES ....................................................................... 148 B. LAND USE CLASSIFICATION ............................................................................. 160 C. LOAD DURATION CURVE ANALYSIS ................................................................. 164 D. SPATIALLY EXPLICIT LOAD ENRICHMENT CALCULATION TOOL RATIONALE ...... 173 E. MANAGEMENT PRACTICE EFFICIENCIES .......................................................... 184 F. PHASE II MS4 STORM WATER PROGRAM OVERVIEW ...................................... 206 Page iii LIST OF FIGURES Figure 1.1 A diagram depicting the interaction of surface water and groundwater and contributing pollutant sources for each. (Courtesy of United States Geological Survey.) ....................................................................................................................... 2 Figure 1.2 Water flows out of a pipe carrying pollutants to nearby waterways. (Photo courtesy of Natural Resources Conservation Service). .............................................. 4 Figure 1.3 Nonpoint source pollutants originate from many different places and are carried to waterbodies by runoff. (Diagram courtesy of Texas Watershed Stewards Handbook). ................................................................................................................