HERITAGE BROCHURE X3 Contact detailstel. (021)4003912fax425 4448 email: [email protected] Heritage Advice Pamphlet No.10 Company’s Gardens Heritage Advice Pamphlet No. 9 Heritage Advice Pamphlet No. 8 Heritage Advice Pamphlet No. 7 Historic Buildings Heritage Advice Pamphlet No. 6 Heritage Advice Pamphlet No. 5 Heritage Advice Pamphlet No. 4 Heritage Advice Pamphlet No. 3 Heritage Advice Pamphlet No. 2 Heritage Advice Pamphlet No. 1 include: series this in pamphlets Advice Heritage Other buildings. historic and Areas Heritage for designs Theoffi appropriate on designers and architects advise also Section Resources Heritage the of cials advise youaboutanyregulationsorlawsthatmightimpactonyourproposed buildingwork. will who Section, Resources Heritage the with Offi particularly Environment and and ce Planning value,heritage have may itt sketchin proposals your Local discuss your to with advisable form is it believe you or years 60 than older is building Heritage your Area,a in situated is property your If REQUIREMENTS FORPROPERTY OWNERS

AVENUEA IN SUBURBAN NEWLANDS VEGETATION & TREES VENUE TREES AND PLANTSINORANJEZICHTFRONTGARDENS FRONT GARDENS AND LANDMARKPALM TREE REINFORCES VISTAS INMOWBRAY CULTURAL LOOKED AFTER FORFUTUREGENERATIONS CULTURAL LANDSCAPEOF THE CAPE AND SHOULDBEPRESERVED AND THESE TWO NATURALISED FOREIGN TREES CONTRIBUTEGREATLY TO THE IN

SUBURBAN LANDSCAPES AFTER FORFUTUREGENERA CREATING A PRIVACY LAYER BETWEENHOUSES&STREETS 3 & HISTORIC EUCALYPTUSEUCAL ‘GUM’ TREE NEWLANDS ARBOUR AT BERTRAM’S HOUSE, GARDENS YPTUS

Langa Heritage Security inHeritage Areas andforHistoricBuildings Roofs inHeritage Areas andofHistoricBuildings Garages andCarportsinHeritage Areas andfor Boundary EnclosuresinHeritage Areas andtoHistoricBuildings Design GuidelinesforaHeritageContext Cultural LandscapesandHistoric Vegetation Heritage Areas Heritage Resources VEGETATION VINES GROWINGOVER STOEP PERGOLA, FRAGRANT ‘FRANGIPANI’ SMALL TREES

‘GUM’ City of Heritage advice pamphlet 3 1 TIONS TREE CLIMBING ROSEENTRANCE TYPICAL ENTRANCEGATE ST ONE PINE

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June 2005 ISBN 1-874924-83-X three TREE ALOE IN THE COMPANY’SCOMPANY’S GARDEN INTRODUCTION

This Heritage Advice pamphlet introduces you to the concept of cultural landscapes and explains the value of historic vegetation. Cultural landscapes and historic vegetation add value to environments by enhancing the character of the historic landscape and providing a sense of place. In particular, this pamphlet focuses on the contribution made by mature plants and historic vegetation in the creation of the unique historic character of the and environs, by illustrating a sense of the passage of time and historic value, invested in the unique, diverse and dramatic landscape that we live in.

This pamphlet advises on the care that conservationists, homeowners and property developers need to take in order to protect and enhance the unique qualities created by historic patterns in the landscape.

CULTURAL LANDSCAPES

Cultural landscapes have been described as: “the combined works PALM TREE MOSQUE IN LONG STREET of nature and man”. It is a broad term encompassing “landscapes, historic places, sites and built environments” as well as recording the “long processes of historic development” which contribute to a sense of identify at a national, regional or local level. (ICOMOS Cultural GROOT CONSTANTIA WINEFARM Tourism Charter, 1999).

A cultural landscape expresses modifi cation to a landscape. It therefore includes both “built” townscape evolution, and historic modifi cations to landscapes, through land uses like agriculture. Historic vegetation is an intrinsic and highly visible part of the cultural landscape illustrating the vvaluealue and intentions of those who planted it. TThehe following are examples of types of cultural landscapes and historic vegetation, which have over time become valuable to various communities in different ways:

• Avenues, squares and parks surrounded and defi ned by historic trees often refl ect old settlement and planting patterns and have enduring cultural value to the local communities. • Designed and formal gardens. • Places and vegetation of symbolic value, i.e. slave tree. • Groups of trees planted for shade or as windbreaks and old water courses often refl ectect historichistoric agriculturagriculturalal activityactivity andand provideprovide historichistoric depth to environmentsenvironments.. • Historic domestic architecture and gardensgardens.. • Built environments that respond and draw aesthetic value from their landscape contexts. LANDMARK PALM TREES IN LANGA • “Buffer strips” which were planned to keep communities of different cultural groups separated, display strong characteristics of social and political power relationships.

THE GLEN: STONE PINES BETWEEN LIONS HEAD & LOCAL EXAMPLES OF CULTURAL LANDSCAPES

The Cape is blessed with a rich scenic, natural context, which together with the variety of patterns of historic settlement create a cultural landscape of scenic drama and historical interest. A cultural landscape contains a relationship between the built and the “natural“ modifi cations. The following are examples of environments that contribute to this landscape:

• Designed landscapes: Rhodes Estate, Devil’s Peak • Historic and designed domestic gardens: Welgelegen, Mowbray • Trees, historic amenity spaces: The Glen, • Wetlands used for amenity purposes: Wetlands • Historic water channels and watercourses: Government Avenue, the Company’s Garden, CBD • Signifi cantcant avenuesavenues ofof trees:trees: RosemeadRosemead AvenueAvenue,, KKenilworthenilworth • Historic settlementssettlements,, forms and agriculturalagricultural patterns: RuralRural Philippi • Scenic routes and areas of outstanding culturalcultural value:value: Boyes Drive, • Promenades: Gordon’s Bay AVENUE OF FICUS NATALENSIS AND SLATE RETAINING WALL ALONG BUITENGRACHT STREET THE IMPORTANCE OF TREES AND CEMETRY IN MAIN ROAD, KALK BAY VEGETATION

Deliberately planted vegetation is an integral part of the cultural landscape. Different cultures have had different cultural, aesthetics, use and amenity requirements and this is refl ected in the different trees, patterns and historic vegetation which were planted over time. Many trees planted in historic areas were exotic trees that prospered in a Mediterranean climate, like stone pines and oak trees. The hybrid or composite qualities of historic vegetation and indigenous vegetation enriches the unique Cape cultural landscape.

Existing mature trees and vegetation in Cape Town, particularly in Heritage Areas need care and proper management to ensure protection and conservation. Besides their cultural and historic value, mature trees have much to offer in that they:

• Provide shade. • Soften the urban landscape and provide a human scale. • Defi ne urban space, provide focal points and defi ne urban spaces. • Create memormemorableable places and spaces.spaces. • Provide a habitat and food for urban wildlifewildlife.. • Support outdoor recreational activity and promote health and well-being. ‘WATERSLOOT’ IN THE COMPANY’S • Create aesthetic pleasure and refl ect the changing seasons. GARDEN,ENTRANCE TO TUYNHUIS • Have symbolic and/or landmark signifi cance. • May form part of cultural and religious rituals. • Provide a fi lterlter forfor airair andand noisenoise pollution.pollution. GARDENS AT THE BACK OF HOUSES. A PRIVATE AND COMMUNAL GREEN ZONE • Promote tourism by beautifying scenic routes and thoroughfares to the City and inside the City. • Promote investment by upgrading and improving the urban environment. • Provide scientifi c interest, i.e. rarity.

Trees in particular increase in signifi cance when they: • Are very old and rare • Have large canopies and trunks • Are associated with important people or events • Defi ne historic settlement or movement patterns • Are non-invasive

REGULATIONS PROTECTING TREES

Mature trees and vegetation are a heritage resource which can be protected by law at local, provincial and national levels:

• At local level, the Zoning Schemes applicable to particular parts of the City defi ne property rights and areas of special character. In certain areas the Zoning Scheme provides for the management of new development work, alterations and additions to the built fabric RHODES ESTATE: DESIGNED as well as the protection of mature trees and hedges. LANDSCAPE ON SLOPES OF DEVIL’S PEAK • At local, provincial and national level, the National Heritage Resources Act (No. 25 of 1999) provides for the conservation SEATS AROUND TREE ON and management of heritage resources and empowers society to assist in this management. This Act is administered by the South African Heritage Resource Agency (SAHRA) at national level and Heritage Western Cape (HWC) at provincial level. Local heritage areas and related aspects of heritage resources are administered by the . Milkwood trees are protected by Section 15(1) of the National Forest Act (No. 122 of 1984) which is administered by the Department of Water Affairs.

In terms of the above protection mechanisms, all trees in all heritage areas are protected where they are signifi cant to the context of historic buildings or to the character of an area. Trees which are protected include exotic non-invasive trees.

The Conservation of Agricultural Resources Act (No. 43 of 1983), and the Environmental Conservation Act (No. 73 of 1989) provide for the protection of the natural environment including ecosystems and green spaces within the urban environment.

VINE IN HERITAGE SQUARE COURTYARD

HERITAGE BROCHURE X3 2 10/13/05, 9:41 AM