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Evaluation of Anti-Diabetic Effects of Chrysopogon Zizanioides Linn Root Extracts in Streptozotocin Induced Diabeteic Wistar

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Evaluation of Anti-Diabetic Effects of Chrysopogon Zizanioides Linn Root Extracts in Streptozotocin Induced Diabeteic Wistar Journal of Scientific and Innovative Research 2013; 2 (3): 555-574 Available online at: www.jsirjournal.com Research Article Evaluation of Anti-Diabetic Effects of Chrysopogon ISSN 2320-4818 zizanioides Linn Root Extracts in Streptozotocin JSIR 2013; 2(3): 555-574 © 2013, All rights reserved Induced Diabeteic Wistar Rats Received: 29-07-2013 Accepted: 10-08-2013 G. Rajeswari, V. Rajagopalan Abstract G. Rajeswari* Department of Zoology and Biotechnology, A. Veeriya Diabetes mellitus is a group of metabolic diseases characterized by hyperglycemia resulting Vandayar Memorial Sri Pushpam from defects in insulin secretion, insulin action, or both. The chronic hyperglycemia of diabetes College, Tamilnadu, India Email: [email protected] is associated with long-term damage; dysfunction and failure of various organs, especially the eyes, kidneys, nerves, heart, and blood vessels number of plants have been described in ayurveda and other tradional for the management of diabetes. We are selected Chrysopogon V. Rajagopalan Department of Zoology and zizanioideslinn. Chrysopogon zizanioideslinn extract prepare in sox let methanol extraction 45° Biotechnology, A. Veeriya c in 48hrs.the phytochemical analysis in qualitative analysis and that active bioactive compound Vandayar Memorial Sri Pushpam identified on through gc-ms,diabetics are induced on streptotrozin ,the methanolic extract of College, Tamilnadu, India Email: plant on oral administration. The experimental animal tissue estimation of blood glugose, [email protected] plasma insulin, hemoglobin, serum lipid profile, enzymatic antioxidant activity and non enzymatic anti oxidants activity, histological observation .the present show that crysopogen zizaniodoslinn was having glycimic control and its having antioxidant hypolipidemic properties in streptozin induced albino rat. Keywords: Chrysopogon zizanioides Linn, Anti-diabetic Activity, Medicinal plant, Streptozotocin, Acute Toxicity Study Introduction Diabetes mellitus is a group of metabolic diseases characterized by hyperglycemia resulting from defects in insulin secretion, insulin action, or both. The chronic hyperglycemia of diabetes is associated with long-term damage, dysfunction and failure of various organs, especially the eyes, kidneys, nerves, heart, and blood vessels. Symptoms of marked hyperglycemia include polyuria, polydipsia, weight loss, sometimes with polyphagia, and blurred vision. Impairment of growth and susceptibility to certain infections may also accompany with chronic hyperglycemia. Patients with diabetes have an increased incidence of atherosclerotic cardiovascular, peripheral arterial and cerebrovascular disease. Hypertension and abnormalities of Correspondence: lipoprotein metabolism are often found in people with diabetes. Mortality and G. Rajeswari morbidity associated with diabetes is mainly due to complications arising from it which Department of Zoology and Biotechnology, A. Veeriya include neuropathy, nephropathy, vasculopathy and retinopathy. In the past few Vandayar Memorial Sri Pushpam decades, type 2 diabetes mellitus has rapidly increased in the world. It has been College, Thanjavur, Tamilnadu, India- 613503 estimated that the number of diabetic patients will be more than double within 15 E-mail: [email protected] years.1 555 Journal of Scientific and Innovative Research The world prevalence of diabetes among adults (aged 20– valerenol, ß-vetivone, a-vetivone, vetivazulene.Khasgrass, 79 years) will be 6.4%, affecting 285 million adults, in particularly in North Indian plains, takes a leading role. 2010, and will increase to 7.7% and 439 million adults by 2030. Between 2010 and 2030, there will be a 69% Various tribes use the different parts of the grass for many increase in numbers of adults with diabetes in developing of their ailments such as mouth ulcer, fever, boil, countries and a 20% increase in developed countries (Shaw epilepsy,burn, snakebite, scorpion sting, rheuma-tism, et al., 2010). WHO has predicted that India would fever, headache, etc. The Santhal tribes of Bihar and West experience the largest increase (48% increase in total Bengal use the paste of fresh roots for burn, snakebite and population and 168% increase in population with >65 scorpion sting, and a decoction of the roots as a tonic for years of age) in type 2 diabetes and would have the weakness; the Lodhas of West Bengal use the root paste greatest number of diabetic individuals in the world by the for headache, rheumatism and sprain, and a stem decoction year 2030 (31.7 million in 2000 to 79.4 million in 2030). for urinary tract infection; the Mandla and Bastar tribes of In India, diabetes in adult urban populations varies from a Madhya Pradesh use the leaf juice as anthelmintic; the low of 5.4% in a northern state to a high of 12.3–15.5% in tribes of the Varanasi district inhale the root vapour for Chennai, South India, and 12.3–16.8% in Jaipur, Central malarial fever. The root ash is given to patients for acidity India.2 by the Oraon tribe. Likewise, there are very many different applications of the plant for different ailments among Phytochemicals different ethnic tribes. Apart from the medicinal uses, the culms along with the panicles form a good broom for Natural products from medicinal plants continue to form a sweeping. The culms and leaves are also extensively used common platform for the discovery of new chemical by the tribes and villagers for thatching their huts, mud entities in the modern drug discovery programmes. A wide walls, etc. Some tribes (in Kerala) use the mats of the roots array of plant derived active principles (phytochemicals) and leaves as bed for a cooling effect. Since, no work has for possible use in the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus been carried out so far on methanolic extract for diabetes has been reported. management therefore the present study was undertaken to evaluate the antidiabetic potential of ethanol extract as of Chrysopogon zizanioides Chrysopogon zizanioides in STZ induced diabetic rats. Chrysopogon zizanioides, also known as khas khas, khas or khus grass, is native to India. It is adensely tufted grass, Materials and methods with long, thin and rigid leaves and can grow up to 1.5 Scientific classification of Chrysopogon zizanioides meters high. The grass grows well in rich marshy soil that is found throughout the plains and lower hills of India, Kingdom : Plantae especially on the riverbanks. The plant is different from the other grass forms, in that instead of having mat-like root Class : Angiosperms systems, it befits in growing downwards and can grow up to 2-4 meters in depth. The plant is well known for its oil Sub class : Monocots that is used in medicine and perfumery. Along with this, Khas Khas is also used for cooling purposes, flavoring Order : Poales sharbats, and making mats, hand fans etc. Today the plant is cultivated in the North Indian states of Rajasthan, Uttar Family : Poaceae Pradesh and Punjab and in the South Indian states of Genus : Chrysopogon Kerala, Tamil Nadu. Its main chemical components are benzoic acid, vetiverol, furfurol, a and b-vetivone,vetivene Species : C. zizanioides and vetivenyl vetivenate. The chemical components of the oil obtained from the plant is benzoic acid, furfurol, vetivene, vetivenyl vetivenate, terpinen-4-ol, 5- epiprezizane, khusimene, a-muurolene, khusimone, calacorene, ß-humulene, a-longipinene, , d-selinene,d- cadinene, valencene, calarene,-gurjunene, a-amorphene, epizizanal, 3-epizizanol, khusimol, iso-khusimol, 556 Journal of Scientific and Innovative Research Experimental Animals Albino wistar male rats 7 – 8 weeks old, weighing 150-200 g, were used for the present study as shown in Figure 4. Animals were housed under standard conditions of temperature (24±2°C) and relative humidity (30-70%) with a 12:12 light: dark cycle. The animals were fed with standard pellet diet (Chakan Oil Mills, Sangli) and water ad libitum. Animal handling was performed according to Good Laboratory Practice (GLP). Ethical clearance was obtained from Institutional Animal Ethics Committee and conducted according to the Indian National Science Academy guidelines for the use and care of experimental Figure1: Chrysopogon zizanioides Linn animals (CPCSEA/265). Chrysopogon zizanioides is commonly known Vetiver, Acute Toxicity Study Khas –khas grass in English; Khas in Hindi; Ramacham in Acute toxicity study was performed according to OECD Malayalam. A perennial aromatic grass grows up to 2 meter in height. Leaves narrow, linear, erect; spikelets grey in a panicle of numerous racemes, fruits oblong Group : Control rats given with citrate buffer (pH grains. It distributed Throughout India growing wild in planes and lower hills and also cultivated. Plant pacifies I 4.5) orally. vitiated pitta, vata, burning sensation, hyperdipsia, ulcer, skin diseases, vomiting nausea, flatulence, dyspepsia, Group : Rats were made diabetic by a single colic, cough, fever, low back pain, headache and general II intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin debility. (40mg/kg bw) with citrate buffer (pH 4.5). Plant Material Group : Diabetic rats treated with (100mg/kg bw) Fresh root of Chrysopogon zizanioides was collected from III of Chrysopogon zizanioides methanolic Pachamalai Hills of Trichy and identified to confirm by the Taxonomist Botanical Survey of India, Tamilnadu, root extract daily by oral administration India. for 4 weeks. Plant extraction Group : Diabetic rats treated with (200mg/kg bw) The roots were cut into pieces and shade
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