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Chromium Powder Metallurgy Steels Technologies and Processes for the Advancement of Materials ISSUE FOCUS /// SINTERING / POWDER METALLURGY COMMERCIAL SINTERING OF CHROMIUM POWDER METALLURGY STEELS COMPANY PROFILE /// Nitrex JUNE 2020 thermalprocessing.com PERFECTION CREATED BY PRECISION. www.heat-treatment-services.com ALD is a leader in vacuum process technology and heat Global service centers treatment services. ▪ LIMBACH OBERFROHNA Precision and perfection in the pieces that we treat under our patented thermal process. ▪ GERMANY ▪ PORT HURON, MICHIGAN Leaders in the control of distortion ▪ Low Pressure Carburizing ▪ USA ▪ High pressure gas quenching Gas Nitriding ▪ RAMOS ARIZPE, COAHUILA ▪ ▪ Ferritic Nitro Carburizing ▪ MEXICO ▪ Normalizing ▪ Hardening ▪ Annealing ▪ Brazing ▪ Cryogenic Treatments ▪ Engineering services and process development Thomas Lord, Sales Director Prototype and trials United States ALD Port Huron ▪ ALD Thermal Treatment Inc. 2656 24th Street Port Huron, MI, USA 48040 Cell Number +1 (810) 300-1437 Edwin Orozco, Sales Director – Mexico Email: [email protected] Office Phone +52 844 866 9791 Cell Phone +52 1 844 277 2257 Christopher Totten, Sales – Canada / USA, [email protected] Office Phone +1 810 357 0634 [email protected] Cell Phone +1 810 300 3601 e-mail: [email protected] Moises Garcia – Sales Director - Bajio Cell Phone +521 (844) 277 2254 Mexico ALD Tratamientos Térmicos S.A. de C.V. [email protected] Our leading edge vacuum technology provides precise control and repeatability for consistently superior parts. 9001:2015 AS 9100D Vacuum Heat Treating & Brazing Services Annealing • Aging • Carburizing • Nitriding • Stress Relieving • Degassing • Brazing • Harden and Temper Sintering • Solution Treat and Age (STA) • Homogenizing • Creep Forming • Hydriding / Dehydriding Solve your toughest thermal processing challenges by utilizing our brain-trust of metallurgists, chemists and engineers. • Over 60 vacuum furnaces – lab-sized to 48 feet long • Argon, nitrogen and helium quenching up to 20 bar • Operating range of -320°F to +3,600°F • On-site metallurgical testing lab • 24/7 Operations For more information or a quote, call 1-855-WE-HEAT-IT or visit solaratm.com Eastern PA California Western PA South Carolina VACUUM PROCESSING Heat Treating • Brazing • Carburizing • Nitriding SA ThermProc General 2019 FPg.indd 1 8/30/2019 8:12:07 AM CONTENTS /// 28 COMMERCIAL SINTERING OF CHROMIUM POWDER METALLURGY (PM) STEELS A recent study showed that pre-alloyed chromium steels could be conventionally sintered under standard industry conditions present today. LASER SINTERING OF THERMOSET POLYIMIDE COMPOSITES 42 Determining if laser sintering can be applied to high-temperature thermoset polyimides to enhance covalent bonding between layers through the curing of the reactive endcaps, as compared to conventional thermoplastic polymers that display poor z-directional mechanical properties. COMPANY PROFILE /// OFFERING A WORLD OF STRENGTH Having recently ushered in a comprehensive rebranding strategy, Nitrex continues to be a global partner offering modern nitriding/nitrocarburizing 36 and vacuum heat-treat solutions, technologies, equipment, and services. 2 JUNE 2020 COVER PHOTO: SHUTTERSTOCK (2) / ILLUSTRATION BY RICK FRENNEA thermalprocessing.com 3 DEPARTMENTS /// JUNE 2020 VOLUME 9 / NUMBER 6 UPDATE /// Industrial Heating Equipment New Products, Trends, Services & Developments Association (IHEA) In this section, the national trade association representing the major segments of the industrial heat processing equipment industry shares news of the organization’s activities, upcoming educational events, and key developments in the industry. 18 METAL URGENCY /// Finite element modeling can help engineers choose the proper gas quenching process parameters to ensure mechanical properties are achieved while keeping distortion to 8 an absolute minimum. 20 /// ››Bodycote to open new Illinois heat-treatment facility. HOT SEAT Many issues can be solved with ››Gasbarre delivers atmosphere tempering furnace. quick detection and determination ›› of problem’s cause, followed by Nitrex unveils new brand identity to reflect new direction. prompt corrective action. 22 Q&A /// QUALITY COUNTS /// The goal is always to meet customer ROBERT ANTOLIK requirements. The canvas is the VP OF SALES /// workplace, and the tools go beyond APPLIED TEST SYSTEMS just controlling temperature, time, and atmosphere. Human interaction and tool knowledge are also RESOURCES /// required as theoretical Marketplace 46 48 and practical expectations blend to Advertiser index 47 create the correct cycle. 26 Thermal Processing is published monthly by Media Solutions, Inc., 266D Yeager Parkway Pelham, AL 35124. Phone (205) 380-1573 Fax (205) 380-1580 International subscription rates: $105.00 per year. Postage Paid at Pelham AL and at additional mailing offices. Printed in the USA. POSTMASTER: Send address changes to Thermal Processing magazine, P.O. Box 1210 Pelham AL 35124. Return undeliverable Canadian addresses to P.O. Box 503 RPO West Beaver Creek Richmond Hill, ON L4B4R6. Copyright © 2006 by Media Solutions, Inc. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopy, recording, or any information storage-and- retrieval system without permission in writing from the publisher. The views expressed by those not on the staff on Thermal Processing magazine, or who are not specifically employed by Media Solutions, Inc., are purely their own. All “Update” material has either been submitted by the subject company or pulled directly from their corporate website, which is assumed to be cleared for release. Comments and submissions are welcome and can be submitted to [email protected]. 4 JUNE 2020 VACUUM HEAT TREATING FURNACES IQ Production ready, internal quench EQ Production ready, external quench VBL Vertical bottom loading MIQ Compact, internal quench HCB High capacity, car bottom loading SOLUTIONS THROUGH INGENUITY Solar Manufacturing designs and manufactures high performance, technically advanced and energy efficient vacuum heat treat furnaces. Models range from compact R&D size furnaces to mid-size horizontal 267.384.5040 production furnaces to huge car-bottom vacuum furnaces for large heavy [email protected] workloads. No matter what the application or size of workload, Solar Manufacturing has the versatile, feature-rich vacuum furnace solution to solarmfg.com fit your needs. We back it all up with outstanding Aftermarket support: spare parts, service and replacement hot zones. Give us a call to learn more about our vacuum furnace ingenuity. thermalprocessing.com 5 THE BRIGHTEST SOLUTIONS THROUGH INGENUITY PROUDLY MADE IN THE USA SM TP Corporate FPg.indd 1 9/18/2019 11:07:10 AM /// FROM THE EDITOR David C. Cooper PUBLISHER EDITORIAL Kenneth Carter We’ll get through this — together EDITOR hese past few months have definitely been a wild ride for not just the heat-treat Jennifer Jacobson industry, but the world in general. ASSOCIATE EDITOR T Thermal Processing has not been immune to the repercussions of the COVID-19 Joe Crowe pandemic, but in these challenging times, I want to assure you that we are still working CONTRIBUTING EDITOR hard to bring the latest heat-treat news to you each and every month. The industry has proven itself to be up to the challenge during the pandemic by SALES deploying its unique services to brainstorm innovative projects designed to usher in a Dave Gomez return to safer, less stressful times. 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