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Designing for Tsunamis : Background Papers #3: WRCA Ill. Designing for Tsunamis Background Papers A multi-state mitigation project of the National Tsunami Hazard Mitigation Program (NTHMP) National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA)- U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) National Science Foundation (NSF) State of Alaska State of California State of Hawaii - State of Oregon warshnese CENTER State of Washington ºs MAY -- 200 SºoHººFCA March 2001 ºw- º & Cl f*I - | Designing for Tsunamis Background Papers A multi-state mitigation project of the National Tsunami Hazard Mitigation Program (NTHMP) National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) National Science Foundation (NSF) State of Alaska State of California State of Hawaii State of Oregon State of Washington Funding for this project was provided by the U.S. Department of Commerce and the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA). The opinions and recommendations contained in this report do not necessarily represent those of the member agencies of the National Tsunami Hazard Mitigation Program Steering Committee. March 2001 ! ► ► ► ► ► ► ► ► ► |-► ► ► ► ► ► ► ► ► ► CREDITS PROJECT MANAGER Costas E. Synolakis On behalf of the National Tsunami Hazard Department of Civil Engineering, Mitigation Steering Committee Tsunami Research Group University of Southern California Richard Eisner Regional Administrator NATIONAL TSUNAMI HAZARD State of California MITIGATION PROGRAM (NTHMP) Governor's Office of Emergency Services STEERING COMMITTEE CONSULTING TEAM Chairperson J. Laurence Mintier Eddie Bernard Rik Keller NOAA/PMEL J. Laurence Mintier & Associates NOAA L. Thomas Tobin Tobin & ASSociates Frank Gonzalez PMEL Robert A. Olson Robert Olson Associates, Inc. Richard Hagemeyer NWS Pacific Region Bruce Race RaceStudio Richard Przywarty NWS Alaska Region Jeanne Perkins Bay Association of Area Governments Charles McCreery Pacific Tsunami Warning Center GRAPHICS Tom Sokolowski Daniel Jansenson West Coast and Alaska Tsunami Warning Daniel Jansenson Architect Center EXPERT ADVISORS PANEL FEMA James E. Russell Michael Hornick Building Code Consultant NFIP, Region IX Robert L. Wiegel Chris Jonientz-Trisler Department of Civil and Environmental Earthquake Program, Region X Engineering University of California-Berkeley Mark R. Legg Legg Geophysical March 2001 Designing for Tsunamis: Background Papers USGS Oregon David Oppenheimer Mark Darienzo Oregon Emergency Management Craig Weaver National Earthquake Hazards Reduction George Priest Program Oregon Department of Geology and Mineral Industries NSF Washington Clifford Astill Civil and Mechanical Systems Division George Crawford Washington State Military Department, Alaska Emergency Management Division Gary R. Brown Timothy Walsh Alaska Division of Emergency Services Division of Geology and Earth Resources Roger Hansen Geophysical Institute, University of Alaska ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS R. Scott Simmons We greatly appreciate the contributions and Alaska Division of Emergency Services review comments from the following individuals: California Alaska Lori Dengler Department of Geology, Humboldt State Bob Bright, Community Development University Director Kenai Peninsula Borough Richard Eisner Governor’s Office of Emergency Services Linda Freed, City Manager Eileen Probasco, Planner Hawaii City of Kodiak Laura Kong Scott Janke, City Manager Division, USDOT, Hawaii FHWA Rachel James, Planning Technician City of Seward Brian Yanagi State of Hawaii Civil Defense Division Carol Smith, Acting Director/Planning Technician Community and Economic Development Department City of Valdez Designing for Tsunamis: March 2001 Background Papers California Other Tina Christiansen, Director Alan L. Yelvington, Project Officer Werner Landry, Senior Engineering Geologist U.S. Coast Guard Planning and Development Review Department City of San Diego Don Olson, Director Barbara Shelton, Environmental Analyst Community Development Department City of Santa Barbara Ernest Perry, Community Development Director Del Norte County Hawaii Dee Crowell, Director Keith Nitta, Planner Planning Department County of Kauai Virginia Goldstein, Director Rodney Nakano, Planning Program Manager Planning Department County of Hawaii Oregon Rainmar Bartl, City Planner City of Cannon Beach Washington Ken Kimura, Director, Planning Division Department of Public Services Grays Harbor County Connie J. Manson, Senior Library Information Specialist Lee Walkling, Library Information Specialist Washington Department of Natural Resources Division of Geology and Earth Resources March 2001 iii Designing for Tsunamis: Background Papers March 2001 Designing for Tsunamis: iv Background Papers TABLE OF CONTENTS INTRODUCTION ix BACKGROUND PAPER #1: UNDERSTANDING THE TSUNAMIRISK 1 INTRODUCTION …....................................... 1 KEY CONCEPTS AND FINDINGS.................................................................................................................................. 1 HAZARD DESCRIPTION …......................................................................... 3 Tsunami Definition.….................................................................................... 3 Source Zones.…~…................................... 3 Local and Distant Sources of Tsunamis............................................................................................................... 5 Tsunami Characteristics.….................................................................. 7 FACTORS UNIQUE TO TSUNAMIRISK MANAGEMENT ................................................................................................ 8 Case Study: Planning Scenario For Humboldt and Del Norte Counties........................................................... 10 Collateral Hazards and Compound Disasters................................................................................................... | 1 THINKING ABOUT MANAGING THE RISK TO YOUR COMMUNITY............................................................................. 11 APPENDIX 1-l: SUGGESTED CONTENTS OF A TSUNAMI HAZARD STUDY................................................................. 14 BACKGROUND PAPER #2: LOCAL, STATE AND FEDERAL FRAMEWORK FOR LAND USE PLANNING AND COASTAL DEVELOPMENT 1 INTRODUCTION …............................. | KEY CONCEPTS AND FINDINGS.................................................................................................................................. 1 OVERVIEW OF FEDERAL POLICIES AND REQUIREMENTS............................................................................................ 2 STATE POLICIES, REQUIREMENTS, AND PROGRAMS.................................................................................................. 5 5 Alaska…~… 8 California.….| () Hawaii.….Oregon.…. 13 Washington........................................................................................................................................................ 16 SUMMARY… 18 BACKGROUND PAPER #3: LAND USE PLANNING 1 INTRODUCTION …..........................................................................................................…........................... | KEY CONCEPTS AND FINDINGS.................................................................................................................................. | OVERVIEW OF EXISTING REGULATIONS AND PROGRAMS.......................................................................................... 2 Land Use and Coastal Planning.......................................................................................................................... 2 Special Regulations...................................................................................….....…. 3 Case Studies: Local Land Use Planning Examples............................................................................................. 4 COMPREHENSIVE PLANNING PROCESS..................................................................................................................... 15 Understand Locational Context......................................................................................................................... 15 Understand Trade-Offs.............................................................................................................................…. 15 Review and Update Existing Safety Element...................................................................................................... 16 Review Existing Land Use Elements and Other Plans....................................................................................... 16 Review and Update Existing Zoning, Subdivision, and Other Regulations....................................................... 17 Planning for Post-Tsunami Reconstruction....................................................................................................... 17 LAND USE PLANNING MEASURES............................................................................................................................ 17 Designate Tsunami Hazard Areas for Open-Space Uses................................................................................... 17 Acquire Tsunami Hazard Areas for Open-Space Uses...................................................................................... 18 Restrict Development through Land Use Regulations....................................................................................... 19 Support Land Use Planning through Capital
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