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Cherries Grow on Trees and Can Be Found in Orchards
FUN FACES OF WISCONSIN AGRICULTURE BERRY BUNCH’S CHERRY FAST FACTS Production Information Wisconsin Production Cherries grow on trees and can be found in orchards. Door County cherries account for over They prefer sandy soil because of the better drainage. It 95% of all tart cherries produced in usually will take 4-5 years before a tree can produce Wisconsin. In 2005, Wisconsin produced enough cherries for harvest. about 7.2 million pounds of tart cherries. There are over 2,000 acres of Red tart cherry trees are very hardy. The roots will store Montmorency tart cherries and 50 acres the nutrients over the winter so that is when cherry of sweet cherries grown in Door County. farmers will prune the trees. If you don’t prune regularly, the cherry trees will get very thick in the middle and its Why Door County? The quantity and difficult for sunlight to reach the cherries. Cherry blossom quality of fruit depends on the climatic time (early May) is a beautiful time to visit a cherry conditions. Lake Michigan tempers the orchard. The blossoms will leave behind the green buds winter winds and cools the orchards in which will become the red cherry that is later harvested. the summer. Trees are fertilized in the spring and grass is cut in the orchard and weeds control is necessary. New trees are also planted in the spring. Trees need to be sprayed Career Information regularly to prevent pests from damaging the fruit. Orchard owners must know how to prune trees, fertilize and watch for Most trees are mechanically harvested using a “shaker” diseases and pests. -
Tomorrow's Harverst Variety Info Common Name
Tomorrow's Harverst Variety Info Common Name Botanical Name Variety Description Chill Pollinator Ripens Flesh Ornamental citrus tree with distinctive aroma under dense canopy of leaves. AKA the Key Lime Citrus aurantiifolia Bartender's lime. No chill required No pollinator required Classic aromatic, green fruit grows well in contianers. Excellent specimen plant. Fragrant Mexican Lime Citrus aurantiifolia Unlikespring blooms.other citrus fruit, the sweetest part of the kumquat is the peel. Ripe fruit is stored No chill required No pollinator required on the tree! Pick whenever you feel like a great tasting snack. Yields little fruits to pop Nagami Kumquat Citrus fortunella 'Nagami' right into your mouth. No chill required No pollinator required Kaffir Lime Citrus hystrix Unique bumpy fruits are used in Thai cooking. Zest of rind or leaves are used. No chill required No pollinator required Best in patio containers, evergreen foliage and fragrant flowers. Harvest year round in Kaffir Dwarf Lime Citrus hystrix Dwarf frost free areas. No chill required No pollinator required Bearss Lime Citrus latifolia Juicy, seedless fruit turns yellow when ripe. Great for baking and juicing. No chill required No pollinator required Yellow flesh Eureka Lemon Citrus limon 'Eureka' Reliable, consistent producer is most common market lemon. Highly acidic, juicy flesh. No chill required No pollinator required Classic market lemon, tart flavor, evergreen foliage and fragrant flowers. Vigorous Eureka Dwarf Lemon Citrus limon 'Eureka' Dwarf productive tree. No chill required No pollinator required Lisbon Lemon Citrus limon 'Lisbon' Productive, commercial variety that is heat and cold tolerant. Harvest fruit year round. No chill required No pollinator required Meyer Improved Lemon Citrus limon 'Meyer Improved' Hardy, ornamental fruit tree is prolific regular bearer. -
Characterization of Four Popular Sweet Cherry Cultivars Grown in Greece by Volatile Compound and Physicochemical Data Analysis and Sensory Evaluation
Molecules 2015, 20, 1922-1940; doi:10.3390/molecules20021922 OPEN ACCESS molecules ISSN 1420-3049 www.mdpi.com/journal/molecules Article Characterization of Four Popular Sweet Cherry Cultivars Grown in Greece by Volatile Compound and Physicochemical Data Analysis and Sensory Evaluation Maria V. Vavoura 1, Anastasia V. Badeka 1, Stavros Kontakos 2 and Michael G. Kontominas 1,3,* 1 Department of Chemistry, University of Ioannina, 45110-Ioannina, Greece; E-Mails: [email protected] (M.V.V.); [email protected] (A.V.B.) 2 Department of Social Administration and Political Science, Democritus University of Thrace, 69100-Komotini, Greece; E-Mail: [email protected] 3 Department of Chemistry, American University in Cairo, 11835-New Cairo, Egypt * Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mail: [email protected] or [email protected]; Tel.: +30-2651008342; Fax: +30-2651008795. Academic Editor: Riccardo Flamini Received: 20 October 2014 / Accepted: 16 January 2015 / Published: 26 January 2015 Abstract: Volatile compounds, physicochemical and sensory attributes of four sweet cherry cultivars (Canada giant, Ferrovia, Lapins and Skeena) grown in Northern Greece were determined. Eighteen volatile compounds were identified and semi-quantified in cherries using solid phase micro extraction in combination with gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (SPME-GC/MS). Carbonyl compounds were the most abundant in sweet cherry aroma, followed by alcohols, esters and hydrocarbons/terpenes. Cherry cultivars in order of increasing amounts of volatiles were: Lapins < Canada giant < Ferrovia < Skeena. Physicochemical parameters determined included: titratable acidity (TA), pH, total soluble solids (TSS), maturity index (MI) and total phenolic content (TPC). TA ranged between 0.21 and 0.28 g malic acid/100 g fresh weight (FW). -
Microsatellite-Based Phylogenetic Tree Analysis of Australian Prunus Fruit Varieties
Microsatellite-based phylogenetic tree analysis of Australian Prunus fruit varieties Cheryl Chan (MScForSci) Centre for Forensic Science University of Western Australia This thesis is presented in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the Master of Forensic Science 2010 I declare that the research presented in this thesis, for the Master of Forensic Science at the University of Western Australia, is my own work. The results of the work have not been submitted for assessment, in full or part, within any other tertiary institute, except where due acknowledgement has been made in the text. Cheryl Chan i ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS First, I would like to thank my supervisors A/P Guan Tay and Prof. Ian Dadour. Guan for providing guidance, support and knowledge for the duration of this project. Ian for providing the facilities and support for the completion of this project. To the members of the lab who provided their friendship, support and reviews of my written work. Stephen Iaschi who helped me on a daily basis by dispensing much of his knowledge relating to DNA based research and statistic analysis. Catherine Rinaldi and Haifa Khoory for their knowledge in DNA based research. The other members of Guan’s research group Aishah Kadher, Habiba Al Safar, and James Meagher who provided knowledge, support and friendship. I would like to thank Alexandra Knight and the other members of staff at the Centre for Forensic Science who keep the Masters course running smoothly. Special thanks to my parents and Jonathan, who may be miles away but I would not have made it to the end of this project without their constant support, understanding, and love. -
Plantlist Master 09 15 09
Bareroot Fruit,Trees, Shrubs, and Vines 2010 Fruit Harcot Apricot Excellent flavor and quality. Large, sweet, juicy, rich Apples flavor. Brown rot resistant. Mid-June. Trees range from dwarf to very large. Most are narrow and upright. White to pale pink flowers are showy in late March - early April. Fruit on short spurs which take 3 - 4 years to form. Cherries Prune for size control, remove suckers and crossing Very upright growing trees to 10’ - 30’. Can be trained branches. smaller, but avoid heavy pruning of mature trees. Tolerant of heavy soils, drought, or lawn watering. Showy pure white flowers in March. Braeburn Apple Fruit on short spurs, which take 3 - 4 years to form. Prune only for size control, if at all. Late season, crisp and tangy, similar to Granny Smith Moderately tolerant of drought. No lawn watering. but richer flavor. Excellent keeper. Green with dark red blush. October-November harvest. Self-fruitful. Bada Bing Cherry Self-fruitful version of the commercial sweet cherry. Late May - early June harvest. Fuji Apple Sweet, crisp and flavorful, excellent keeper. Late September. Excellent pollenizer for other apple varieties. Self-fruitful. Lapins Cherry Large dark red, firm, sweet fruit like Bing. “Self- fertile Bing”. Resists cracking. Early to mid June. Granny Smith Apple Bright green skin, tart/sweet flavor, great texture. For eating, cooking, sauce. October - November harvest. Rainier Cherry Yellow with red blush. Very sweet, fine texture, very firm. Resists cracking. Pollenizer needed. Late May to Red Gravenstein Apple early June. Red variant of the applesauce apple, also great for cooking. Fine for fresh eating if picked a little underripe. -
Appendix APPENDIX TABLE 1
Appendix APPENDIX TABLE 1. ADDITIVES AND OTHER FOOD CHEMICALS-PRINCIPAL CHARACTERISTICS (See list of synonyms and other explanatory notes at end of table) Common Names (Other names) ~ Usual Sources Solubility and Function(s) Formula General Characteristics ~ ~ Acacia (gum arabic) Dried, gummy exudation. Acacia senegal (L.) Willd, and Water (freely soluble). t= Em ulsifier, stabilizer, other species in the Leguminosae Alcohol (insoluble). thickener. (Also see entry on family. V)~ Gums and Mucilages.) Acetaldehyde (ethanol) CH3CHO Colorless liquid with characteristic (1) Oxidation of ethanol or Water, alcohol, and organic solvents Flavoring agent odor. Flammable. ethylene. (2) Dry distillation of (miscible) . calcium acetate with calcium formate. Acetanisole (p-Methoxy C9H100 2 Pale yellow solid with Hawthorn Synthesis. Most fixed oils and propylene acetophenone like odor. glycol (soluble). Glycerin and Flavoring agent mineral oil (insoluble). Acetic Acid, Glacial CH3COOH Clear, colorless liquid with pungent, (1) Oxidation-fermentation of Water, alcohol, and glycerine Acidifier, Flavoring agent acrid odor. Acid taste when diluted. ethanol. (2) Oxidation of acetalde (miscible). hyde. (3) Direct synthesis from methanol and carbon monoxide. Acetoin (Acetyl methyl carbinol; CH3CH(OH)COCH3 Colorless, pale liquid (monomer). Fermentation of diacetyl. Water and propylene glycol Dimethylketol; 2-Hydroxy-2- White crystalline powder (dimer). (miscible). Vegetable oils butanone) Monomer has a characteristic (practically insoluble). Flavoring agent buttery odor. Acetone (2-Propanone; Dimethyl CH3COCH3 Clear, colorless liquid. Very volatile (1) Direct oxidation of propylene Water, alcohol, ether, chloroform ketone) with characteristic odor. Highly with air. (2) Fermentation of and most vegetable oils (miscible). Extraction solvent flammable. starch (also produces butanol). (3) Oxidation of cumene to form cumene hydroperoxide which de composes into acetone and phenol. -
Cherry Phytochemicals
AN ABSTRACT OF THE DISSERTATION OF Arusa Chaovanalikit for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Food Science and Technology presented on June 3, 2003. Title: Cherry Phytochemicals Abstract approved: Ronald E. Wrolstad The distribution of anthocyanin pigments and polyphenolics of sweet (Prunus avium) and sour cherries (Prunus cerasus) were determined by Ultraviolet- Visible (UV-Visible) spectrophotometry and High Performance Liquid Chromatography with photodiode array detector (HPLC-DAD). Their antioxidant properties were determined by Oxygen Radical Absorbance Capacity (ORAC) and Ferric Reducing Antioxidant Power (FRAP). The effect of frozen storage, canning, and brining on those properties was measured. Experiments were conducted on three sweet cherry cultivars; Bing, Rainier, Royal Ann and one sour cherry cultivar; Montmorency. Cherries were separated into skins, flesh, pits, and pitted cherries for subsequent analyses. Bing had the highest anthocyanin pigments (60.6 mg/lOOg fw) while Montmorency had both the highest total phenolic content (5.6 mg GAE/g fw) and the highest antioxidant activities (ORAC 51.02 umoles Trolox equivalent (TE) /g fw, FRAP 47.96 umoles TE/g fw). Hydroxycinnamates predominated in sweet cherries (70-80%) while flavanols were the major class of polyphenolics in sour cherries (70%). The major anthocyanins in sweet and sour cherries were cyanidin-3-rutinoside and cyanidin-3- glucosylrutinoside, respectively. Skins contained the highest amount of anthocyanins, polyphenolics, and antioxidant activities. Anthocyanins and flavonol glycosides predominated in cherry skins. Bing cherries were different from the others in that it had substantial anthocyanins in flesh and pits. The proportion of flavanols increased from skins to pits. Pitted Bing cherries were frozen and stored at -23 and -70 0C for 3 and 6 months. -
Occurrence and Distribution of Stem Pitting of Sweet Cherry Trees in Washington
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS 4. BOTHAST, R. J., and D. I. FENNELL. 1974. A purpose medium for fungi and bacteria. We wish to thank E. B. Lillehoj and his staff at the medium for rapid identification and enumeration Phytopathology 45:461-462. Northern Regional Research Center, SEA-USDA, of Aspergillus flavus and related organisms. 9. RAMBO, G. W., J. TUITE, and P. CRANE. Peoria, Mycologia IL, for aflatoxin analyses of these five 66:365-369. 1974. Preharvest inoculation and infection of 5. CHRISTENSEN, Aspergillus cultures. C. M., and H. H. KAUFMANN. dent corn ears with Aspergillus flavus and 1965. Deterioration of stored grains by fungi. Aspergillus parasiticus. Phytopathology Annu. Rev. Phytopathol. 3:69-84. 64:797-800. 6. LILLEHOJ, LITERATURE CITED E. B., D. I. FENNELL, and W. F. 10. SHOTWELL, 0. L., M. L. GOULDEN, and C. KWOLEK. 1976. Aspergillus flavus and W. HESSELTINE. 1974. Aflatoxin: 1. ANDERSON, H. W., E. W. NEHRING, and W. Distribu- aflatoxin in Iowa corn before harvest. Science tion in contaminated R. WICHSER. 1975. Aflatoxin contamination corn. Cereal Chem. 193:495-496. 51:492-499. of corn in the field. J. Agric. Food Chem. 7. LILLEHOJ, E. B., W. F. KWOLEK, E. E. 11. TAUBENHAUS, 23:775-782. J. J. 1920. A study of the black VANDERGRAF, M. S. ZUBER, 0. H. and the yellow molds of ear 2. ANONYMOUS. 1972. Changes in official corn. Tex. Agric. CALVERT, N. WIDSTROM, M. C. FUTRELL, Exp. Stn. Bull. 270. method of analysis. Natural Poisons 26. B01-26. and A. J. BOCKHOLT. 1975. Aflatoxin 12. ZUBER, M. S., 0. B03. -
Expanding Cherry Production in British Columbia Under Climate
Expanding Cherry Production in British Columbia under Climate Change Final Report BC Farm Adaptation Innovator Program February 2018 Louise Nelson Department of Biology University of British Columbia Okanagan Campus Acknowledgments Funding for this project has in part been provided in part by a private foundation and in part by the Governments of Canada and British Columbia through the Investment Agriculture Foundation of BC under Growing Forward 2, a federal- provincial-territorial initiative. The program is delivered by the BC Agriculture & Food Climate Action Initiative. This project would not have been possible without in-kind support from the BC Cherry Association and other industry partners, from cherry producer co- operators across the Okanagan Valley and from the contributions of time and energy from Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada scientists. Disclaimer The Governments of Canada and British Columbia are committed to working with industry partners. Opinions expressed in this document are those of the authors and not necessarily those of the Governments of Canada and British Columbia, or the Investment Agriculture Foundation. Executive Summary Climate change has resulted in warmer average temperatures and is predicted to result in reduced water available for irrigation, even as growing season droughts are expected to increase. Climate models indicate that the area suitable for production of sweet cherries in the BC interior has already increased northward and in elevation. As opportunities arise for expanding production of perennial horticultural crops in the BC interior due to climate change, it is important to consider soil and water resources in site selection to optimize fruit production. Using sweet cherry as a key indicator crop, we assessed the impact of mulch, compost and postharvest deficit irrigation on water use efficiency, soil water holding capacity and crop production in two newly-planted north Okanagan orchards and one well-established south/central Okanagan orchard. -
Improving the Quality and Consistency of Australian Cherries to Ensure Market Access
Improving the quality and consistency of Australian cherries to ensure market access Dr John Golding Department of Primary Industries Project Number: CY10012 CY10012 This report is published by Horticulture Australia Ltd to pass on information concerning horticultural research and development undertaken for the cherry industry. The research contained in this report was funded by Horticulture Australia Ltd with the financial support of the cherry industry. All expressions of opinion are not to be regarded as expressing the opinion of Horticulture Australia Ltd or any authority of the Australian Government. The Company and the Australian Government accept no responsibility for any of the opinions or the accuracy of the information contained in this report and readers should rely upon their own enquiries in making decisions concerning their own interests. ISBN 0 7341 2973 4 Published and distributed by: Horticulture Australia Ltd Level 7 179 Elizabeth Street Sydney NSW 2000 Telephone: (02) 8295 2300 Fax: (02) 8295 2399 © Copyright 2012 Horticulture Australia Ltd. Project CY10012 (July 2012) FINAL REPORT Improving the quality and consistency of Australian cherries to ensure market access John Golding Nancy Leo Michael Rettke NSW Department of South Australian Research Primary Industries and Development Institute Project Number CY10012. Improving the quality and consistency of Australian cherries to ensure market access Research Team: John Golding. New South Wales Department of Primary Industries (NSW DPI). Locked Bag 26. Gosford NSW 2250. T: 02 4348 1926. F: 02 4348 1910. E: [email protected] Nancy Leo and Michael Rettke. South Australian Research and Development Institute (SARDI). GPO Box 397. -
Orchard Management Plan
Inventory, Condition Assessment, and Management Recommendations for use in preparing an Orchard Management Plan for the Fruita Rural Historic District, Capitol Reef National Park By Kanin Routson and Gary Paul Nabhan, NAU Center for Sustainable Environments, 2007 In fulfillment of CP-CESU Contract H1200040002 TABLE OF CONTENTS Introduction Acknowledgements Historical Overview Relationship to national/ regional history Varieties previously known but lost Fruit production practices lost Contributing and non-contributing orchards/Extant historic character Existing Conditions Condition assessment of the orchards Demographic summary of the trees of Fruita Inventory, History, Condition Assessment, and Recommendations for Each Orchard in the Fruita Historic District Condition Assessment of the orchards Species composition of the orchards Site-specific history/ Character of orchards in period of significance Orchard-specific management recommendations: Preservation: Retain current (historic) appearance through cyclic maintenance and replacement-in-kind Restoration: Return appearance back to historic condition by removing later additions, and replacing missing features Rehabilitation: Preserve historic characteristics and features; make compatible alterations and additions to orchard Reconstruction: Re-plant a vanished orchard using excellent evidence Calendar for Maintenance Monitoring Time and frequency of activities General maintenance Procedures Pruning, irrigation, planting, and scion-wood collecting Long-Term Management Objectives Conclusions References Appendix Registry of Heirloom Varieties at Capitol Reef/Southwest Regis-Tree 1 Figures Figure 1: Fruit tree species in Capitol Reef National Park. Figure 2: Fruit tree conditions in Capitol Reef National Park. Figure 3: Ages of the fruit trees in Capitol Reef National Park. Figure 4: Age groupings for the fruit tree species at Capitol Reef National Park. Figure 5: Percentages of historical varieties in the three general age groupings of fruit trees in Capitol Reef National Park. -
4' 3 $169.95 Abies Concolor
Item Remaining Sale Price Abies concolor 'Blue Cloak' Blue Cloak White Fir 3'-4' 3 $169.95 Abies concolor 'Blue Select' (Blue Select Fir) 30-36'' 9 $159.95 Abies concolor 'Blue Select' Blue Select White Fir 30''/36'' 8 $159.95 Abies lasiocarpa var. Arizonica (Blue Cork Bark Fir) 3-4' 1 $199.95 Acer f Autumn Blaze (Autumn Blaze Maple) 15G 6 $179.95 Acer f Autumn Blaze (Autumn Blaze Maple) 5G 1 $99.95 Acer f Autumn Blaze (Autumn Blaze Maple) 7G 9 $159.95 Acer grandidentatum 'JFS-NuMex 3' 15G 10 $189.95 Acer grandidentatum 'Rocky Mountain Glow' 15G 3 $189.95 Acer p Bloodgood (Bloodgood Japanese Maple) 5G 6 $119.95 Acer p Bloodgood (Bloodgood Japanese Maple), 15G 1 $229.95 Acer p Crimson Queen (Crimson Queen Japanese Maple) 30'' 9 $195.95 Acer p Crimson Queen (Crimson Queen Japanese Maple) 5G 5 $119.95 Acer p Emperor I (Emperor I Japanese Maple) 4' 3 $175.95 Acer p Emperor I (Emperor I Japanese Maple) 4-5' 2 $175.95 Acer p Emperor I (Emperor I Japanese Maple) 5G 5 $119.95 Acer p Emperor I (Emperor I Japanese Maple) 7G 1 $149.95 Acer p Red Dragon (Red Dragon Japanese Maple) 5G 9 $119.95 Acer p Tamukeyama (Tamukeyama Japanese Maple) 30'' 3 $195.95 Acer plat Crimson King (Crimson King Maple) 15G 1 $179.95 Acer plat Crimson King (Crimson King Maple) 15G 5 $279.95 Acer plat Crimson King (Crimson King Maple) 5G 2 $119.95 Acer plat Deborah (Deborah Maple) 15G 2 $169.95 Acer plat Emerald Queen (Emerald Queen Maple) 15G 6 $179.95 Acer plat Emerald Queen (Emerald Queen Maple) 5G 5 $99.95 Acer plat Emerald Queen (Emerald Queen Maple) 7G 11 $159.95 Acer plat Parkway (Parkway Maple) 15G 2 $169.95 Acer plat Royal Red (Royal Red Maple) 15G 3 $179.95 Acer plat Royal Red (Royal Red Maple) 5G 1 $99.95 Acer plat Royal Red (Royal Red Maple) 7G 3 $159.95 Acer plat.