Cumbrae Excursion 2015

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

Cumbrae Excursion 2015 Shore Walk at White Bay, Cumbrae on May 16th 2015 Mary Child On Saturday 16th May the weather was squally with sharp showers blowing in over White Bay on Cumbrae. Ten of us were heading for low water and despite the wind the spring tide went out a good way. The tide uncovered a classic succession of rocky shore brown seaweeds with Pelvetia canaliculi, channel wrack, on the upper shore, Fucus vesiculosus, bladder wrack in the middle and Fucus serratus, serrated wrack, on the lower shore. A belt of Laminaria was exposed at the lowest reach of the shore. The indefatigable Alison found a first for this site on Cumbrae, a red alga called Polyides rotunda. As ever, on Cumbrae, there was a multitude of animals to see. Immediately, we found butterfish, Pholis gunnellus and a pipefish, Nerophis ophidion sheltering under rocks. Molluscs were there in abundance and included dog whelks, netted whelks, periwinkles and topshells. Even though smallish in size, edible, shore and broad clawed porcelain crabs tried to menace us. We unravelled long ribbon worms, Lineus longissimus and spotted thousands of whelk eggs attached to all available hard surfaces. Starfish and urchins featured strongly. There were many brittle stars mainly Ophiothrix fragilis, Ophiopholis aculeate and Amphipholis squamata and also a few black brittle stars, Ophiocomina nigra. The green sea urchin Psammechinus miliaris was cute as usual and one edible sea urchin, Echinus eschilentus, was found (they don’t look very tasty to me). Morag also found some sea potatoes, Echinocardium cordatum in the sand to the west of the rocky area. I had fun squirting solitary ascidians and others found colonial ascidians. Strange green blobby eggs were identified as belonging to Eulalia viridis, a bright green polychaete worm. Eventually the cold and rain got to us and the tide started coming back in. Even though we had had great fun exploring the shore and identifying some of the flora and fauna there were many animals and seaweeds that remained unidentified as we retreated to the Palmars’ house in Millport for warming and welcome cups of tea. .
Recommended publications
  • Marlin Marine Information Network Information on the Species and Habitats Around the Coasts and Sea of the British Isles
    MarLIN Marine Information Network Information on the species and habitats around the coasts and sea of the British Isles Ophiothrix fragilis and/or Ophiocomina nigra brittlestar beds on sublittoral mixed sediment MarLIN – Marine Life Information Network Marine Evidence–based Sensitivity Assessment (MarESA) Review Eliane De-Bastos & Jacqueline Hill 2016-01-28 A report from: The Marine Life Information Network, Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom. Please note. This MarESA report is a dated version of the online review. Please refer to the website for the most up-to-date version [https://www.marlin.ac.uk/habitats/detail/1068]. All terms and the MarESA methodology are outlined on the website (https://www.marlin.ac.uk) This review can be cited as: De-Bastos, E.S.R. & Hill, J., 2016. [Ophiothrix fragilis] and/or [Ophiocomina nigra] brittlestar beds on sublittoral mixed sediment. In Tyler-Walters H. and Hiscock K. (eds) Marine Life Information Network: Biology and Sensitivity Key Information Reviews, [on-line]. Plymouth: Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom. DOI https://dx.doi.org/10.17031/marlinhab.1068.1 The information (TEXT ONLY) provided by the Marine Life Information Network (MarLIN) is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Non-Commercial-Share Alike 2.0 UK: England & Wales License. Note that images and other media featured on this page are each governed by their own terms and conditions and they may or may not be available for reuse. Permissions beyond the scope of this license are available here.
    [Show full text]
  • Report on the Development of a Marine Landscape Classification for the Irish Sea
    Irish Sea Pilot - Report on the development of a marine landscape classification for the Irish Sea 7. Appendix II: RV Lough Foyle cruise (Irish) Sea Mounds (NW Irish Sea) Habitat Mapping Introduction and methods All surveys were undertaken aboard the RV Lough Foyle (DARD) during June 2003. Acoustic surveys A RoxAnn™ acoustic ground discrimination survey (AGDS) was undertaken of the main survey area between 1st and 3rd June 2003, by A. Mitchell. Two additional RoxAnn™ datasets were collected by M. Service on 23rd June 2003 during the multibeam sonar survey. All RoxAnn™ datasets were obtained using a hull-mounted 38kHz transducer, a GroundMaster RoxAnn™ signal processor combined with RoxMap software, saving at a rate of between 1 and 5s intervals. An Atlas differential Geographical Positioning Systems (dGPS), providing positional information, was integrated via the RoxMap laptop. Track spacing varied between 500m for the large area and 100m for the multibeam survey areas. Multibeam sonar datasets were collected for two of the (Irish) Sea Mounds on 23rd June 2003, using an EM2000 Multibeam Echosounder (MBES, Kongsberg Simrad Ltd; operators: J. Hancock and C. Harper.). The sonar has a frequency of 200kHz and a ping rate of 10Hz. It operates with 111 roll-stabilised beams per ping with a 1.5 degree beam width along-track and 2.5 degree beam width across-track. The system has an angular coverage of 120 degrees. In addition to bathymetric coverage, the system has an integrated seabed imaging capability through a combination of phase and amplitude detection (referred to here as ‘backscatter’). The EM2000 was deployed with the following ancillary parts: • Seapath 200 – this provides real-time heading, attitude, position and velocity solutions with a 1pps timing clock for update of the sonar together with full differential corrections supplied by the IALA GPS network.
    [Show full text]
  • Non-Destructive Morphological Observations of the Fleshy Brittle Star, Asteronyx Loveni Using Micro-Computed Tomography (Echinodermata, Ophiuroidea, Euryalida)
    A peer-reviewed open-access journal ZooKeys 663: 1–19 (2017) µCT description of Asteronyx loveni 1 doi: 10.3897/zookeys.663.11413 RESEARCH ARTICLE http://zookeys.pensoft.net Launched to accelerate biodiversity research Non-destructive morphological observations of the fleshy brittle star, Asteronyx loveni using micro-computed tomography (Echinodermata, Ophiuroidea, Euryalida) Masanori Okanishi1, Toshihiko Fujita2, Yu Maekawa3, Takenori Sasaki3 1 Faculty of Science, Ibaraki University, 2-1-1 Bunkyo, Mito, Ibaraki, 310-8512 Japan 2 National Museum of Nature and Science, 4-1-1 Amakubo, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-0005 Japan 3 University Museum, The Uni- versity of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo, Tokyo, 113-0033 Japan Corresponding author: Masanori Okanishi ([email protected]) Academic editor: Y. Samyn | Received 6 December 2016 | Accepted 23 February 2017 | Published 27 March 2017 http://zoobank.org/58DC6268-7129-4412-84C8-DCE3C68A7EC3 Citation: Okanishi M, Fujita T, Maekawa Y, Sasaki T (2017) Non-destructive morphological observations of the fleshy brittle star, Asteronyx loveni using micro-computed tomography (Echinodermata, Ophiuroidea, Euryalida). ZooKeys 663: 1–19. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.663.11413 Abstract The first morphological observation of a euryalid brittle star,Asteronyx loveni, using non-destructive X- ray micro-computed tomography (µCT) was performed. The body of euryalids is covered by thick skin, and it is very difficult to observe the ossicles without dissolving the skin. Computed tomography with micrometer resolution (approximately 4.5–15.4 µm) was used to construct 3D images of skeletal ossicles and soft tissues in the ophiuroid’s body. Shape and positional arrangement of taxonomically important ossicles were clearly observed without any damage to the body.
    [Show full text]
  • Annual Macrofauna Production in a Hard-Bottom Reef Community
    J. mar. biol. Ass. U.K. (1985), 65, 713-735 713 Printed in Great Britain ANNUAL MACROFAUNA PRODUCTION IN A HARD-BOTTOM REEF COMMUNITY C. L. GEORGE AND R. M. WARWICK Natural Environment Research Council, Institute for Marine Environment Research, Prospect Place, The Hoe, Plymouth PLi 3DH (Figs. 1-6) Estimates of annual production of the major component species of macrofauna comprising a hard-bottom community at a depth of 41 m in the Bristol Channel have been made. The sea-bed in this region is covered with extensive reefs of the tube-building polychaete Sabellaria spinulosa. Total production is 34-1 g dry wt m~2 y"1, the mean annual biomass 245 g m~2 and the P/B ratio 14. Production is overwhelmingly dominated by the suspension-feeding brittlestar Ophio- thrix fragilis, resulting in a strongly concave species production-rank curve. In addition, there is a diverse fauna of nestling species with slow growth rates which reach maturity at a small body size: production rates for these species are low, but accurate production estimates are sometimes difficult. It is suggested that slow growth rates and small size may result partly from the physical restriction of the reef interstices but principally from the fact that Ophiothrix monopolizes the suspended food resource with an umbrella of feeding arms, and that the infauna of the reef is thus resource-limited. The production ecology at this site is compared with that of other benthic communities in the Bristol Channel. We have limited the detailed presentation of data to a few typical examples; however, data for other species of size frequency, biomass and production are available on request from the authors.
    [Show full text]
  • Echinodermata, Ophiuroidea)
    Vol. 16: 105–113, 2012 AQUATIC BIOLOGY Published online July 19 doi: 10.3354/ab00435 Aquat Biol Slow arm regeneration in the Antarctic brittle star Ophiura crassa (Echinodermata, Ophiuroidea) Melody S. Clark*, Terri Souster British Antarctic Survey, Natural Environment Research Council, High Cross, Madingley Road, Cambridge CB3 0ET, UK ABSTRACT: Regeneration of arms in brittle stars is thought to proceed slowly in low temperature environments. Here a survey of natural arm damage and arm regeneration rates is documented in the Antarctic brittle star Ophiura crassa. This relatively small ophiuroid, a detritivore found amongst red macroalgae, displays high levels of natural arm damage and repair. This is largely thought to be due to ice damage in the shallow waters it inhabits. The time scale of arm regener- ation was measured in an aquarium-based 10 mo experiment. There was a delayed regeneration phase of 7 mo before arm growth was detectable in this species. This is 2 mo longer than the longest time previously described, which was in another Antarctic ophiuroid, Ophionotus victo- riae. The subsequent regeneration of arms in O. crassa occurred at a rate of approximately 0.16 mm mo−1. To date, this is the slowest regeneration rate known of any ophiuroid. The confir- mation that such a long delay before arm regeneration occurs in a second Antarctic species pro- vides strong evidence that this phenomenon is yet another characteristic feature of Southern Ocean species, along with deferred maturity, slowed growth and development rates. It is unclear whether delayed initial regeneration phases are adaptations to, or limitations of, low temperature environments.
    [Show full text]
  • Marine Ecology Progress Series 525:127
    Vol. 525: 127–141, 2015 MARINE ECOLOGY PROGRESS SERIES Published April 9 doi: 10.3354/meps11169 Mar Ecol Prog Ser Trophic niche of two co-occurring ophiuroid species in impacted coastal systems, derived from fatty acid and stable isotope analyses Aline Blanchet-Aurigny1,*, Stanislas F. Dubois1, Claudie Quéré2, Monique Guillou3, Fabrice Pernet2 1IFREMER, Laboratoire d’Ecologie Benthique, Département Océanographie et Dynamique des Ecosystèmes, Centre de Bretagne, BP70, 29280 Plouzané, France 2IFREMER, Laboratoire de Physiologie Fonctionnelle des Organismes Marins, LEMAR UMR CNRS IRD 6539, Centre de Bretagne, BP70, 29280 Plouzané, France 3Institut Universitaire Européen de la Mer, Université de Bretagne Occidentale, LEMAR UMR CNRS IRD 6539, place Nicolas Copernic, 29280 Plouzané, France ABSTRACT: The trophic niches of 2 common co-occurring ophiuroids, Ophiocomina nigra and Ophiothrix fragilis (Echinodermata, Ophiuroidea), in 2 contrasting coastal systems of Brittany (France) were investigated. We used a combination of fatty acid biomarkers derived from neutral lipids and stable isotopic compositions to explore the contributions of oceanic versus continental inputs to the ophiuroids’ diet. We investigated 2 different systems with an inshore versus offshore comparison. We sampled potential food sources and surveyed organisms every 2 mo for 1 yr. Spatio-temporal variations in stable isotopes and fatty acid profiles of the ophiuroids were gener- ally low compared to interspecific differences. Fatty acid markers showed that both ophiuroids relied on diatom inputs. However, a more δ15N-enriched isotopic composition as well as a more balanced plant- versus animal-derived fatty acid composition in O. nigra suggest that a broader range of food sources are being used by this species irrespective of location or sampling time.
    [Show full text]
  • The Colours of Ophiocomina Nigra (Abildgaard) 1
    J. mar. biol. Ass. U.K. (1962) 42, 1-8 Printed in Great Britain THE COLOURS OF OPHIOCOMINA NIGRA (ABILDGAARD) 1. COLOUR VARIATION AND ITS RELATION TO DISTRIBUTION By A. R. FONTAINE Department of Zoology and Comparative Anatomy, Oxford* Colour characters can be of importance in ophiuroid taxonomy, especially at the species level. In particular the family Ophiocomidae, in which the traditional morphological characters are notoriously variable, provides many examples of related species which are best separated by body colour or colour patterns. The usefulness of the colour characters is weakened by an incom• plete knowledge of the extent of colour variation within each species and a total lack of information concerning the influence of environmental factors on coloration. In addition, there is little knowledge of the chemistry of pigmenta• tion or of the cytology and anatomical disposition of pigments responsible for external coloration of ophiuroids generally. These studies were undertaken in order to gather some information on the colour biology of one species of ophiocomid, Ophiocomina nigra (Abildgaard), in the belief that a thorough knowledge of various aspects of pigmentation of one ophiuroid species will contribute towards an evaluation of the role of colour in the functional biology of the family, at least, and may help to clarify the position of colour characters in ophiuroid systematics generally. This present report describes the colour variations of O. nigra, a scheme of colour classification for the species, and the relationship between colour variation and distribution in depth. Further reports will deal with the chemistry and physiology of pigmentation. DISTRIBUTION Ophiocomina nigra ranges from the Azores to northern Norway, occurring abundantly around the British Isles and rarely in the Mediterranean.
    [Show full text]
  • Some Animal Associates of the Zoanthids, Palythoa Mutuki
    International Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Studies 2016; 4(4): 380-384 ISSN: 2347-5129 (ICV-Poland) Impact Value: 5.62 (GIF) Impact Factor: 0.352 Some animal associates of the zoanthids, Palythoa IJFAS 2016; 4(4): 380-384 © 2016IJFAS mutuki (Haddon & Shackeleton, 1891) and Zoanthus www.fisheriesjournal.com sansibaricus (Carlgen, 1990) along rocky shores of Received: 28-05-2016 Accepted: 29-06-2016 Visakhapatnam, India – A check list Myla S Chakravarty Department of Marine Living Myla S Chakravarty, B Shanthi Sudha, PRC Ganesh and Amarnath Resources, Andhra University, Visakhapatnam – 530 003, Dogiparti Andhra Pradesh, India Abstract B Shanthi Sudha Animal associates of zoanthids- Palythoa mutuki and Zoanthus sansibaricus of Lawson’s Bay rocky Department of Marine Living Resources, Andhra University, shores of Visakhapatnam were recorded in the present study. P. mutuki and Z. sansibaricus were found Visakhapatnam – 530 003, distributed along the upper mid-littoral zone of the rocky shores, 21 species and four larval forms Andhra Pradesh, India belonging to five Phyla (Porifera, Annelida, Arthropod, Mollusca and Echinodermata) were recorded. The diversity of organisms associated with P. mutuki was more than with Z. sansibaricus. PRC Ganesh Department of Marine Living Keywords: Animal associates, Palythoa mutuki, Zoanthus sansibaricus Resources, Andhra University, Visakhapatnam – 530 003, 1. Introduction Andhra Pradesh, India The zoanthid species are distributed as encrusting mats along the intertidal rocky shores of Amarnath Dogiparti tropical oceans particularly towards the upper mid-littoral region [1]. They are normally Department of Marine Living exposed during neap tides and are subjected to the pounding action of the waves. Sand Resources, Andhra University, particles, broken shell pieces, sediment etc., are seen attached to the outer walls of the polyps.
    [Show full text]
  • Vertical Distribution of Brittle Star Larvae in Two Contrasting Coastal
    www.nature.com/scientificreports OPEN Vertical distribution of brittle star larvae in two contrasting coastal embayments: implications for larval transport Morgane Guillam1*, Claire Bessin1, Aline Blanchet‑Aurigny2, Philippe Cugier2, Amandine Nicolle1,3, Éric Thiébaut1 & Thierry Comtet1 The ability of marine invertebrate larvae to control their vertical position shapes their dispersal pattern. In species characterized by large variations in population density, like many echinoderm species, larval dispersal may contribute to outbreak and die-of phenomena. A proliferation of the ophiuroid Ophiocomina nigra was observed for several years in western Brittany (France), inducing drastic changes on the benthic communities. We here studied the larval vertical distribution in this species and two co‑occurring ophiuroid species, Ophiothrix fragilis and Amphiura fliformis, in two contrasting hydrodynamic environments: stratifed in the bay of Douarnenez and well-mixed in the bay of Brest. Larvae were collected at 3 depths during 25 h within each bay. In the bay of Brest, all larvae were evenly distributed in the water column due to the intense vertical mixing. Conversely, in the bay of Douarnenez, a diel vertical migration was observed for O. nigra, with a night ascent of young larvae, and ontogenetic diferences. These diferent patterns in the two bays mediate the efects of tidal currents on larval fuxes. O. fragilis larvae were mainly distributed above the thermocline which may favour larval retention within the bay, while A. fliformis larvae, mostly concentrated near the bottom, were preferentially exported. This study highlighted the complex interactions between coastal hydrodynamics and specifc larval traits, e.g. larval morphology, in the control of larval vertical distribution and larval dispersal.
    [Show full text]
  • Study of the Luminescence in the Black Brittle-Star Ophiocomina Nigra: Toward a New Pattern of Light Emission in Ophiuroids*
    Zoosymposia 7: 139–145 (2012) ISSN 1178-9905 (print edition) www.mapress.com/zoosymposia/ ZOOSYMPOSIA Copyright © 2012 · Magnolia Press ISSN 1178-9913 (online edition) Study of the luminescence in the black brittle-star Ophiocomina nigra: toward a new pattern of light emission in ophiuroids* ALICE JONES1,2 & JÉRÔME MALLEFET1 1 Laboratory of Marine Biology, Earth & Life Institute, Biodiversity Research Center, Université catholique de Louvain, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium 2 Corresponding author, E-mail: [email protected] *In: Kroh, A. & Reich, M. (Eds.) Echinoderm Research 2010: Proceedings of the Seventh European Conference on Echinoderms, Göttingen, Germany, 2–9 October 2010. Zoosymposia, 7, xii + 316 pp. Abstract The black brittle star Ophiocomina nigra, common in the English Channel, is known to produce mucus when attacked. This mucus, already known for its antifouling capabilities and its role in the feeding and the locomotion behaviours of the brittle star, also emits weak light. We describe and characterize this emission of bioluminescence, thanks to a chemical triggering by hydrogen peroxide. It appears that the light emitted is 1000 times less intense than the light emitted by other brittle star species (Ophiopsila aranea and Amphipholis squamata). The luminous capabilities are homogeneously spread along the arms of the brittle star, what goes against the use of bioluminescence as a sacrificial lure. The mechanical stimu- lation of arms before chemical triggering strongly enhances the luminous capabilities of the brittle star. Luminous mucus emission can be associated with other defensive function, such as a smoke screen effect or a burglar alarm, but these two functions require intense light emissions.
    [Show full text]
  • An Assessment of the Conservation Importance of Benthic Epifaunal
    Scottish Natural Heritage Commissioned Report No. 507 An assessment of the conservation importance of benthic epifaunal species and habitats identified during a series of research cruises around NW Scotland and Shetland in 2011 COMMISSIONED REPORT Commissioned Report No. 507 An assessment of the conservation importance of benthic epifaunal species and habitats identified during a series of research cruises around NW Scotland and Shetland in 2011 For further information on this report please contact: Laura Steel Scottish Natural Heritage Great Glen House INVERNESS IV3 8NW Telephone: 01463 725236 E-mail: [email protected] This report should be quoted as: Moore, C.G. (2012). An assessment of the conservation importance of benthic epifaunal speciesand habitatsidentified during a series of research cruisesaround NW Scotland and Shetland in 2011. Scottish Natural Heritage Commissioned Report No. 507 (Project no. 13058). Thisreport,or anypartofit,shouldnotbereproducedwithoutthepermissionofScottishNaturalHeritage.This permissionwillnotbewithheldunreasonably.Theviewsexpressedbytheauthor(s) ofthisreportshouldnotbe takenastheviewsandpoliciesofScottishNaturalHeritage. ©ScottishNaturalHeritage2012 COMMISSIONED REPORT Summary An assessment of the conservation importance of benthic epifaunal species and habitats identified during a series of research cruises around NW Scotland and Shetland in 2011 Commissioned Report No. 507 (Project no. 13058) Contractor: Dr Colin Moore Year of publication: 2012 Background To help target marine nature conservation
    [Show full text]
  • Studies on Ophiocomid V Brittlestars. I. a New ^M Genus (Clarkcoma) of W Ophiocominae with a * Reevaluation of the Genus Ophiocoma
    DEAMIS M. DEVAA Studies on Ophiocomid v Brittlestars. I. A New ^m Genus (Clarkcoma) of W Ophiocominae with a * Reevaluation of the Genus Ophiocoma SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY • 1970 NUMBER 51 SERIAL PUBLICATIONS OF THE SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION The emphasis upon publications as a means of diffusing knowledge was expressed by the first Secretary of the Smithsonian Institution. In his formal plan for the Insti- tution, Joseph Henry articulated a program that included the following statement: "It is proposed to publish a series of reports, giving an account of the new discoveries in science, and of the changes made from year to year in all branches of knowledge not strictly professional." This keynote of basic research has been adhered to over the years in the issuance of thousands of titles in serial publications under the Smithsonian imprint, commencing with Smithsonian Contributions to Knowledge in 1848 and continuing with the following active series: Smithsonian Annals of Flight Smithsonian Contributions to Anthropology Smithsonian Contributions to Astrophysics Smithsonian Contributions to Botany Smithsonian Contributions to the Earth Sciences Smithsonian Contributions to Paleobiology Smithsonian Contributions to ^oology Smithsonian Studies in History and Technology In these series, the Institution publishes original articles and monographs dealing with the research and collections of its several museums and offices and of professional colleagues at other institutions of learning. These papers report newly acquired facts, synoptic interpretations of data, or original theory in specialized fields. Each publica- tion is distributed by mailing lists to libraries, laboratories, institutes, and interested specialists throughout the world. Individual copies may be obtained from the Smith- sonian Institution Press as long as stocks are available.
    [Show full text]