The Eighth Jordan International Chemical Engineering Conference (Jichec 2017) November 7-9, 2017

The Eighth Jordan International Chemical Engineering Conference (JIChEC 2017) November 7-9, 2017

Optimization of phosphogypsumby-production using orthophosphoricacid as leaching solvent with different temperatures and leaching times

Tayel El-Hasan1*; Nafeth Abdelhadi2 and Monther Abdelhadi3

1 Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Mu’tah University, 61710, Al-Karak – Jordan; [email protected]; Mobile:0799915463; Fax:+962-3-2375540 * Corresponding author

2 Department of Civil Engineering, Faculty of Engineering Technology, Al-Balqa Applied University, Jordan

3 Faculty of Engineering, American University of Madaba, Jordan

The Eighth Jordan International Chemical Engineering Conference (JIChEC 2017) November 7-9, 2017 phosphate and thus considerable Abstract–Phosphoric acid production calcium well remain in solution. generates unavoidable calcium sulfate byproduct (i.e. phosphogypsum (PG)) Keywords: Phosphogypsum; Jordan, that is usually disposed either within a Sulpheric acid; Orthophosphoric acid; nearby-located gypsum stacking system. However nowadays this type P2O5extraction of industry has been faced with two I. Introduction main problems, these are the formation of huge stockpiles ofphosphogypsum Jordan has huge reserves of phosphate that affects the environment due to the deposits, the main deposits existed in presence of harmful radiations that is the southern region of the country [1,2] emitted from the uranium. In addition it contains P O >1.0 wt% and fluorine (Bender, 1974; Khaled and Abed 2 5 >0.18 wt%,which makes it not suitable 1980). The concentrations of trace for the cement industry. At the same elements such as U, V, Cd, Cr, and As time consuming large quantity of are increasing from south to north, for expensive sulphuric acid thatbecomea hazardous waste material too. The example, U ranged from 40–60 to 70– production rate of PG verses

80 mg/kg)for samples from Esh- marketable P2O5 as acid in the world is Shidyia and Al-Hisa mines, high as much as 5 tons of PG are produced for each ton of P O ; in respectively [3, 4] (Jordanian 2 5 Jordan the rate is around 5.0 – 5.3 ton

Phosphate Mines Company (JPMC) of PG per ton of P2O5 produced 1998; Khaled et al. 1990). [5] Ghosheh depending on the phosphate rock composition. This means a huge and Dodeen (1993) had showed that amount of PG will accumulateat the other heavy metals and toxic elements fertilizer plant in Aqaba. The major in the Jordanian phosphate rocks are advantage of using orthophosphoric lower compared with several acid, as leaching solvent isthe decreasing of the residual materials phosphate deposits from the world;[6] verses marketable P2O5to be589 kg Al-Hwaiti et al. (2001). [7] Abed et al. /ton of P2O5 produced, compared with 2008; found that potential toxic metals 5.0 – 5.3 ton ofdisposed PG/ton of P2O5produced through current behaves as P and are enriched by a practices. These results obtained by factor of more than 1.5 in the utilizing the wet agitation leaching diammonium phosphate (DAP) technique; however, this alternative technique resulted in lowerP O compared with the input phosphorite. 2 5 extraction, but decrease in bulk of the In addition, that the trace metal content residue. The only disadvantage is the in the PG is very low. However, U higher dissolution of calcium sticks to the mineral francoliteduring 2

The Eighth Jordan International Chemical Engineering Conference (JIChEC 2017) November 7-9, 2017 acid and Hemihydrate phase upgrading of the ores, and behaves

(CaSO4.1/2H2O) [13] (EFMA 2000). similar to Ca and P2O5[8] (Abed 2011).

The most common technique used in The phosphate industry is one of the the world for production of phosphoric most contaminating sources to the acid from the phosphate rock environment, which contributes to soil; comprises from reacting the phosphate water and air pollution [9] rock with concentrated sulphuric acid (Vandenhove, 2002).Al-Hisaphosphate solutions as in the following equation: mines are heavily affecting the

Ca3 (PO4)2 + 3H2SO4 + 2H2O → particulate matter in the areas around

2H3PO4+ CaSO4.2H2O (gypsum) the mines, [10] Hamaiedah and El- Contaminated gypsum which also Hasan(2011). The utilization of known as PG, CaSO4.2H2O that is effluent mine water from the Eshidiya formed as coproduced in the phosphate mines in agricultural uses production of phosphoric acid by the was investigated; it was categorized as wet- process. Unfortunately, the ratio C4S1–C4S2type, which indicates that of PG verses marketable P2O5 as much this water cannot be used for irrigation as 5 tons of PGproduced for each ton on any type of soil [11] (Al-Hwaiti et of P2O5. Therateiscontrolled by the al. 2016).Similarly, [12] Jiries et al. composition of the phosphate rock. In (2004)has investigated the effluent Jordan the ratio is around 5.0-5.3 ton water from Al-Hisa and Al-Abyad of PG/1.0 ton P2O5 produced [13] mines.Moreover,they found that it can (JPMC2008). be used for irrigation of salt-tolerant Many environmental issues raised by plants. such waste disposal problem, so it is According to the European Fertilizer estimated that over 40 million tons of Manufacturing Association (EFMA), PG was produced and accumulated in there are two phosphoric acid Aqaba area by Jordan Phosphate Mines production processes; the first, at Company Ltd., (JPMC) during the temperature 70 -80 °C that yields 26- period 1982 – 2008. The JPMC 32% P2O5, and gives acid and annualdisposal isapproximately 2.2 dehydrated phase (CaSO4.2H2O). The million tons of dehydrate PG and 1.0 second, at temperature 90 - 110 °C, million tons of hemihydrate. The which yields 40-52% P2O5, and gives problem is accentuated by the fact that 3

The Eighth Jordan International Chemical Engineering Conference (JIChEC 2017) November 7-9, 2017 which indicates that trace elements the PG, in most of the technologies were not leached from the stacks in employed in the wet-process any significant amount. production of phosphoric acid, contains a number of serious An associated problem is the contaminants such as radioactivity due production of sludge produced in the to the presence of uranium, fluoride, neutralization of gypsum pond water heavy metals besides sulphuric and by liming. The sludge produced is phosphoric acids and their salts. The another solid waste, which is a mixture problem is further worsened by the of complex compounds of phosphates large volume of PGpond water that is and fluorides and is disposed of on the used in most plants for scrubbing gypsum stacks. pollutants.Whereas, [8] Abed (2011) Some technologies attempted at suggested that Uranium is concentrated minimizing the pollutants in the PG. in the final phosphoric acid. Nabulsi (1999) [23] used one of these The PG is found to be radioactive due attempts. He carried out several tests to the presence of naturally occurring on specimens that were prepared from uranium and radium in the phosphate the PG in Jordan; the results showed ore [15] (Dippel, 2004). Thus, PG is that it could be used as a gypsum classified as a hazardous waste and is binder in the building industry. It can currently being disposed and be also for producing precast units of stockpiled on sandy soil [16 - 18] low density and acceptable thermal (Berish, 1990; Azouazi et al., 2001; insulation properties. However, the Dueñas et al., 2007). There are various problem here is the radioactivity that storage processes of PG wastes, such still presents in the tested PG samples. as ocean disposal [19] (Wissa, 2001), Other attempt was done by Industrial dry stacking on land, which is the Chemistry Center in Royal Scientific common practice [20] (EPA 1999), and Society. The team in the center wet stacking on basins [21] (Anon, prepared several samples from PG that 1998), as well as the use of PG as mine brought from JPMC-Industrial backfill disposal as suggested by [15] Complex in Aqaba-Jordan and (Dippel, 2004). [22] Al-Hwaiti et al. washing these samples up to five times (2005) reported that trace elements in using Tap water and sea water to the PG stacks are stable with time, 4

The Eighth Jordan International Chemical Engineering Conference (JIChEC 2017) November 7-9, 2017

Other possibilities exist, but yet not reduce the impurities that present in the considered economically, for example tested PG samples such as H3PO4, HF, the production of sulphuric acid from H2SO4 and P2O5. The results of the PG or use it in cement clinker. At washing revealed that the P2O5 content the same time, the expensive sulphuric decreased 13%, but the SO4 increased acid raw material consumed will in the tested samples. produce a large pile of waste material Abdelhadi et al. (2014) [24] ; (e.g. PG) near the plant considered as demonstrated experimentally the use of another problem facing the production raw PG without treatment (heating) in of phosphoric acid by using the cement production, which will sulphuric acid and phosphate ore. The eliminate a serious environmental estimated amount of sulphuric acid that source of pollution; besides, decreases consumed is about 2.7 ton /1.0 ton of the cost of cement production.

P2O5 produced.Rabba (1993) [34] had Smadi et al. (1999)[25] studied the carried out a metallurgical test work on behavior of the compressive strength the phosphate shale copper ore of cement with different replacement (Cambrian) atWadi Khalid, at northern ratios of purified (PG) and calcined Wadi Araba region. He concluded that temperature up to 900 °C, he found an the most sufficient and economic acid increasing trend in compressive should be used for extraction the strength which improved the initial and copper and P2O5 from the ore is the final setting time. Bhadauria&Thakare phosphoric acid to avoid the formation (2006) [26] utilized the PG wastes in of PG. cement additive as past or mortar in The researchaims to find concrete; it was found that it is suitable alternativetechnique by using the for concrete in terms of workability orthophosphoric acid for leaching the and compressive strength. PG is also Jordanian phosphate ore instead of known worldwide for its applications sulphuric acid. Therefore, themain as a binder or cement, [27 -33] (e.g. objective of this study is to estimate Gutt 1978; Ouyang et al. 1978; the maximum extractable percent of Ghafoori, 1986; Akın &Yesim, 2004; P2O5 from the phosphate oreto Degirmenci, 2008; determine the amount of insoluble Lysandrou&Pashalidis, 2008; and minerals in the phosphate ore by using Yang et al., 2009). 5

The Eighth Jordan International Chemical Engineering Conference (JIChEC 2017) November 7-9, 2017 each 1.0 ml of acid is equivalent to various acids/water ratios, and to

1.75 g H3PO4 (90% Conc.). Two of investigate the release of P2O5 as a them were performed at temperature of function of temperatures and leaching 30˚C for 1.0 and 2.0 hours leaching time using orthophosphoric acid as time and the other two samples were solvent.In addition, this work aimed to treated at 50˚C for 1.0 and 2.0 hours prevent the formation of huge amounts leaching times using magnetic stirrer of PGand residue materials. for agitating the phosphate II. Sampling and Analytical components. Employing an acid methodology strength of 17.5 % phosphoric acid on 2.1 Leaching Test: a weight basis, the strength being equivalent to 10.0 ml of acid per Nine representative samples prepared 100ml of solvent used for leaching. from the phosphate ore sample labeled The remaining four samples (IR-1, IR- as Ph-1, each of 10 g in weight, ground 2, IR-3 and IR-4) were leached with to –20 microns. One representative concentrated sulphuric acid(90% sample from the phosphate ore (Ph-1) Conc.). Two of them were performed was digested with concentrated mix of at temperature of 30˚C for 1.0 and 2.0 Nitric and Perchloric acidssolution. hours leaching times. And the other The digested filtratessolutions were two samples were treated at 50˚C for analyzed using an A.A.S. technique 1.0 and 2.0 hours leaching times, using different standards contain utilizing an acid strength of 18.35 % increasing amount of P2O5. This sulphuric acid on a weight basis, the technique was performed in order to strength being equivalent to 10 ml of remove errors in P2O5production acid per 100ml of solvent used for estimation ofeach samples due to leaching. It should be noted that each dilution process. Eight representative 1.0 ml of acid is equivalent to 1.835 samples from the phosphate ore (Ph-1), gm H2SO4. each of 10 g were ground to –20 microns. Four samples (IR-5, IR-6, IR- 2.2 Agitation experiment 7 and IR-8) were leached with Twenty-nine representative samples orthophosphoric acid (100g)have been prepared from the (90%concentration which contains phosphate ore sample (Ph-1) were 65.29% P2O5), it should be noted that

The Eighth Jordan International Chemical Engineering Conference (JIChEC 2017) November 7-9, 2017

Pellets were made by fusing 0.8 g of treated using H3PO4 (90%conc.) an sample powder and 7.2 g of L2B4O7 acid strength of 100, 150, 200 and 300 in Au/Pt crucible using flexor machine ml of /1000 ml of solvent (i.e. Distilled (Leco 2000) for 3 – 4 minutes at 1200 Water (DW)). Nine samples leached ºC. The melt was poured in a mold and for 1.0, 2.0 and 3.0 hours, at left to cool to form a glass disc. The temperature of 30Cº, 50Cºand 80Cº; machine was calibrated with using an acid strength of 100 ml of international standards, particularly the H3PO4 (90%conc.) /1000 ml of (DW). Geological Survey of Japan (GSJ) Other nine samples were leached under geochemical standards (i.e., Japanese similar conditions but with different slate JSl-1 and JSl-2). The analytical acid strengths; 150 ml of H3PO4 error was within 5%. Moreover, (90%conc.) /1000 ml of (DW). Six of mineral constituents were determined the remaining nine samples were using X-Ray Diffraction analysis. It treated using similar conditions but was executed using the machine employing an acid strength of 200 ml

(XRD-Philips Expert MPD) at the labs of H3PO4 (90%conc.) /1000 ml of of Natural Resources Authority (DW) and employed leaching time of (NRA), Amman. The samples were 1.0 and 2.0 hours. The last three scanned between 2º and 65º 2θ, using samples were leached for one hour at a Ni-filtered Co K α radiation, 40 temperature of 30Cº, 50Cºand 80Cº kV/40mA, divergent and scattering using an acid strength of 300 ml of slits of 0.02ºmm, a receiving slit of H3PO4 /1000 ml of (DW). The leached 0.15mm, with stepping of 0.01º and residue after each interval was scanning speed of 3º/min. analyzed by X.R.F and Calcimeter for

P2O5, CaO, other extractable elements. III. Results and Discussion: The chemical composition of PG was 3.1 Treatment of phosphate ore investigated through X-Ray using concentrated H SO and H PO 2 4 3 4 Fluorescence analysis. It was done The results showed that the P2O5 using the machine (XRF-Pioneer F4), extraction obtained from two samples manufactured by Broker at the Natural that were treated at temperatures 30C˚ Resources Authority (NRA)labs, and 50C˚ was 89.6% and 93.05% in Amman. The machine comes with an 1.0 hour of leaching time, with an acid attached 72-position sample changer. 7

The Eighth Jordan International Chemical Engineering Conference (JIChEC 2017) November 7-9, 2017 respectively, these figures are consumption of 851 and 877 kg equivalent to 15.85 g with 23% loss of H2SO4/ton of ore respectively. The ignition and 15.59 g weight with 21% calculated amounts of H2SO4 that loss of weight respectively. It should consumed to produce 1.0 ton of H3PO4 be noted that the original ore samples (concentration 99.5%) were 2.29 and used in the tests were 10 g weight 2.26 tons respectively. The chemical each, the increase in weight being due results obtained for the residue from to the formation of gypsum in the X.R.F. analysis showed that it residual materials. The complete contained 30.0, 29.94 wt% CaO, and results of these tests are present in 42.54, 43.26 wt%SO3, using these Table 1. figures the amount of gypsum precipitated in leach residue (PG) was Table 1 estimated to be 91.37 % and 92.97 % 3.2 Treatment of phosphate ore of the residue weight which are using 10.0 ml of concentrated H3PO4 equivalent to 16.33 and 16.37 g

/ 90 ml distilled water respectively, while the original weights of the ore samples that used in the tests Leaching results have showed that were 10.0g each, this increase in P2O5 is released from phosphate ore weight being due to the formation of using dilute orthophosphoric acid. The gypsum in the residual materials. P2O5 extraction results obtained range from 62.0% using 10.0 ml of H3PO4 The P2O5 extraction obtained from the (99.5% Conc.) /100 ml of solvent other two samples that were treated at (DW) after 1.0 hour leaching to temperatures 30C˚ and 50C˚ was 100 69.53% using the same acid strength % for both tested samples in 2.0 hours after 2.0 hours leaching at 30Cº Table of leaching time, with an acid 2. consumption of 896 and 897 kg

H2SO4/ton of ore respectively. The The maximum P2O5 extraction calculated amounts of H2SO4 that obtained from phosphate ore samples consumed to produce 1.0 ton of H3PO4 after 2.0 hours leaching time at 50ºC (concentration 99.5%) were 2.15 and with orthophosphoric acid was 2.16 tons respectively. From the 72.91%. This was produced using acid analysis of the leach residue for CaO solution of 10.0 ml H3PO4 (90% and SO3 that was 94.63 and 95.07 wt% 8

The Eighth Jordan International Chemical Engineering Conference (JIChEC 2017) November 7-9, 2017 ranging from 61.5 to 68.0 % at 30Cº Conc.) /100 ml of solvent. Extraction and 50Cº respectively after 2.0 hours from this material dropped to 68.04% leaching.The summary of the results of with decreasing the leaching time. residue production, acid consumption Similarly, CaO extraction amount from and extracted P2O5 % by using the two the phosphate ore was also leaching acids are presented in Tables 2. time dependent. The CaO and P2O5

Although the use of H3PO4 resulted in extraction values obtained matched lower P2O5 extraction, but also reduces each other closely; indicating that all the residue weight Figure 1. components of the apatite in the samples were leached into solution. Table 2 The calculated amounts of H3PO4 that Figure 1 generated from the tested samples after 2.0 hours leaching at 30ºC and 50ºC 3.3. Results obtained using were 289.1 and 303.14 kg respectively differentOrthophosphoricAcid/Tap under acid concentration (100%)/1.0 Water. ton of phosphate. While the generated A total of 29 samples with weight 100 phosphoric acid from the tested gr were treated with different samples after 1.0 hour leaching time at orthophosphoric acid(H3PO4). Four 30ºC and 50ºC were257.8 and 282.9 acid/tap water ratios were performed kg/ ton of ore respectively. (i.e. 100ml/900ml; 150/850; 200/800 No precipitation was observed from and 300/700 respectively). Each the leaching solutions once they were mixture was investigated with variable filtered, indicating that CaO and P2O5 temperature (30Cº, 50Cº and 80Cº) and were stable in the leached solutions. leaching time (1, 2 and 3 hours). The The residues weight loss for the four results obtained are summarized in samples was tested. These weight Tables (3 &4). lossesof the leached samples Table 3 arecorrelated to apatite and calcite content of the ore samples and the used Figure 2 leaching time. They varied from 50.70 Table 4 % at 30Cº to 60.0 % at 50Cº after 1.0 hour leaching, while weight losses in IV. Discussion the remaining two samples were 9

The Eighth Jordan International Chemical Engineering Conference (JIChEC 2017) November 7-9, 2017 in Aqaba/Jordan. Furthermore, 4.1 Results of the agitation leaching washing the precipitate with diluted with sulphuric acid sulphuric acid at a temperature of 40 The calcium phosphate that might be °Cfor 10minutes agitation will raise the dissolved during the leaching of gypsum mineral to more than 99.5% phosphate ore with orthophosphoric with 0.00% P2O5 content. No acid is not necessarily a problem. The impurities such as uranium and calcium can be co-precipitated by fluoride were recorded in the new adding of stoichiometric amounts of product. This shows that quality of the sulphuric acid and this correspondingly PG produced are more commercial and results in the increase of phosphoric suitable for cement industry and at the acid in the leaching solutions. The same time reduce the costs of washing produced calcium sulphate is of the product by diluted sulphuric acid. excellent quality and itself represents a 4.2 Results of the agitation possible commercial product. leaching with orthophosphoric According to Table2each 1.0 ton P2O5 acid produced needs 3.52 ton of phosphate

The presence of apatite (Ca5 ore to produce 4.30 ton of precipitate

(PO4)3.OH,F) in the Jordanian with gypsum content about 98%, this phosphate ore and its dissolution in the quantity of the produced gypsum will orthophosphoric acid solutions resulted consume 1.96 ton of concentrated in the presence of phosphor in solution. sulphuric acid as shown in Figure 1. The major reactions, which occur The estimated amount of residue (PG) during phosphate ore leaching, are for each 1.0ton of P2O5 produced was illustrated by the following equations: 0.626ton, compared with 4.5-5.0 ton of PG residue produced by current Ca5 (PO4)3 (OH) F+ H3PO4 + 5H2O → practice on JPMC-IND COMPLEX in 5CaO + 4H3PO4 +H2O+ F Aqaba/Jordan. The whiteness of the Ca5 (PO4)3 (OH) F + Phosphoric Acid precipitated sample was measured; the +Water → Calcium oxide + results revealed that the whiteness was Phosphoric Acid 97.5%.Compared with 56.5 the whiteness of the PG that usually produced by JPMC-IND COMPLEX 10

The Eighth Jordan International Chemical Engineering Conference (JIChEC 2017) November 7-9, 2017

Extraction of the P2O5 that obtained 5CaO + 4H3PO4 +H2O → H3PO4 + Ca from this material dropped to 80.82% (H2PO4)2 (Mono-Calcium phosphate) using a temperature of 80Cº and Liquid 54.85% at a temperature of 50Cº when Apatite + H3PO4 + SiO2 +Fluorine (F) the lowest acid strength (100ml of → H3PO4 + (Mono-Calcium

H3PO4/900 ml of Tap water) was phosphate) + HF (v) employed, Table 3. HF (v) + SiO2 → Si F4 (v)

Dissolution of the calcium Si F4 (v) + Scrubbing by water → phosphate content of the phosphate ore H2SiF6 (Liq.) Floro-silicic Acid with orthophosphoric acid was The other minor reactions that may be characterized by weight loss of the formed and resulted in formations of leaching residue. This ranged from solid materials associated with the cake 46.0-88.20 % depending on the of residue samples. These reactions leaching time, acidconcentration and are: temperature used in leaching process. 1. Reaction between Na2O and

Usingleaching temperature at SiO2 to produce Sodium

80ºC for the phosphate ore and1.0 and silicates (Na2SiO3)

2.0 hour leaching time, the weight loss 2. Reaction between CaO and SiO2 to recorded was lower compared with the produce Calcium silicates Ca2SiO3 previous tests that used temperatures of 3. Reaction between CaO and F to

30ºC and 50ºC. This difference may be produce Calcium fluoride CaF2 related to the amount of phosphate Employing 10% ratio of solid to mineral formed in the residues of the solution the leaching results have leached samples that treated at 80ºC shown that P2O5 is released from only. The extraction of P2O5 did not phosphate ore samples using increase further even though the test concentrated orthophosphoric acid was running for one hour more. (300ml of H3PO4/1000 ml of Tap

However, residue weight continued to water). The highest P2O5 extraction rise after 1.0-hour leaching time. The result obtained was 98.72% in 1.0 hour result suggests that the extraction of leaching time using a temperature of

P2O5 may be limited after 1.0 hour 80Cº, comparing with 98.0% when leaching at temperature of 80ºCand the employing a temperature of 50Cº.

The Eighth Jordan International Chemical Engineering Conference (JIChEC 2017) November 7-9, 2017 correlation to some extent between acid strength less than 30% is not higher extraction of P2O5 and F; Table capable of dissolving further P2O5 3. The decreases in extraction of from the ore or even preventing the fluoride may be due to the increase of formation of calcium phosphate fluorite mineral (CaF2) formation in hydrate from the leach solutions at this the residue sample, which is estimated temperature, Figure 2. to be about 44.5% of the residue, as Examining the leaching residues after shown in Table 3 and Figure (3). 1.0-hour treatment using different acid Employing 10% ratio of solid:solution concentration revealed that the main the leaching results have shown that chemical differences observed between

P2O5 is readily released from them is the CaO content. As the acid phosphate ore samples using diluted strength increased, the CaO values orthophosphoric acid (200ml of decreased in the residues. This was

H3PO4/800 ml of tap water). The evident from the decrease in the highest P2O5 extraction results residue weightstoo as shown in Table obtained was 95.04% after 3.0 hours 4 and Figure 2. leaching time at temperature of 30Cº, It is interesting to note that in case of comparing with 94.5% when at using an acid concentration of 200ml temperature of 30Cº and 2.0 hours H3PO4/800ml of tap water, the fluoride leaching time. Consequently, we can content in the leached ore sample conclude that employing a leaching treated at 30Cº was 22.63% after 2.0 temperature of 30Cº for 2.0 hours leaching time. However, the lowest leaching time with acid strength 20% fluoride extraction value 3.30 % was for leaching the phosphate ore, the noticed at the 100ml H3PO4/900ml extraction of P2O5 was 95.04% and this leached at 80 ºC. Generally the will remain constant even though fluoride extraction is increasing with anextra hour of leaching was added. increasing acid concentration, and This might be attributed to the fact that decreasing with increasing carbonate minerals (apatite and calcite temperatures of leaching process, thus minerals) in the phosphate ore sample 30 ºC yields always higher fluoride in were completely dissolved. This was residue in the form of fluorite confirmed by the absence of CO2 mineral.This may explain the positive contents in the residue, Table 4. The 12

The Eighth Jordan International Chemical Engineering Conference (JIChEC 2017) November 7-9, 2017 process as seen in the following remaining 5%P2O5 in the residue could be presented in the form of crystalline equations: phosphoric acid. Thus, no need for

Ca5 (PO4)3 (OH) F+ H3PO4 + 5H2O → 5CaO further use of higher acid strength or longer leaching time. + 4H3PO4 + H2O+ F Dissolution of the calcium phosphate Apatite + Phosphoric Acid + Water → content of the phosphate ore with Calcium oxide + Phosphoric Acid orthophosphoric acid was characterized by a weight loss of the One of the assumed advantages in the use leaching residue. This ranged from of orthophosphoric acid in leaching the 82.0-84.84 % depending on the leach time used for leaching. phosphate ore would be pregnant solutions identical in acidic character, Figure 3 V. Conclusions which could be combined together for further treatment. The data confirms that In this work, phosphoric acid has been

investigated as a possible solvent for the P2O5 can be extracted from the Jordanian phosphate ores utilizing orthophosphoric recovery of P2O5 from Jordanian acid solutions, and revealed that the phosphate ores. The idea was initiated increase solubility of apatite in this depending on bases that phosphoric acid solvent.The results show that dilute composition is similar to the composition sulphuric acid was capable of leaching of the apatite phosphate mineral, so the slightly more of all the elements measured acid will dissolve the apatite without any under the leaching conditions employed at reaction between the dissolved low temperature.Dissolution of the components of the apatite and the calcium phosphate content of the phosphoric acid and no precipitations will

Jordanian phosphate ore with be formed during the agitation leaching orthophosphoric acid caused a weight loss

The Eighth Jordan International Chemical Engineering Conference (JIChEC 2017) November 7-9, 2017 international referee for many scientific journals of the leaching residue ranged from 50.7- and research found agencies. 68.0 % depending upon the leaching 7. References time.Although the use of H3PO4 resulted [1] Bender, F. (1974): Explanatory notes on the geological map of Wadi in lower P2O5 extraction, but also reduces Araba, Jordan. I:100000, 3 sheets. Geol Jahrb. 10: 3-62. the residue weight.

[2] Khaled H, Abed A (1980) Uranium VI. Acknowledgment in EshShidyiaphosphates.Dirasat 8(2):57–66.Jordanian phosphate deposits. In: Paper presented at the 3rd The authors are grateful to the Jordan geological conference, Department of laboratories at the University of Jordan, Amman, 11–13 Natural Resources Authority (NRA), April 1990. for their help and support in chemical [3] Jordanian Phosphate Mines and mineralogical analyses. Company (JPMC) (1998) Annual Report for surveying and studying of water resources in the phosphate mines. Al-Shamil Engineering, Amman, p 167. Prof. Tayel M. El-Hasan; a professor in geochemistry, he received his Ph. D. in [4] Khaled H, Schneider W, Zachmann Geochemistry Ore Deposits from Tsukuba D (1990): Sedimentological and University, Japan in 1999. He got his professorship geochemical pattern of Jordanian on 2009. His activities was teaching undergraduate phosphate deposits. In: Paper presented at the 3rd Jordan geological students geology & environmental courses. Besides conference, University of Jordan, conducting research on natural resources and Amman, 11–13 April 1990. environmental geochemistry fields. El-Hasan is a senior member of the national user’s network of the [5] Ghosheh A, Dodeen F (1993) Synchrotron radiation (SESAME). He was a visiting Heavy metals in Jordan phosphate professor at Erlangen-Nornberg University, rock. In: Proceedings of the 4th Helmholtz Centrum for Materials and Energy, international fertilizer seminar, University of Jordan and Taibah University. He has Amman p 36. published more than 50 articles in international [6] Al-Hwaiti M, Gaunter M, journals, participated in more than 35 international SaﬀariniGh (2001) Geostatistical and conferences, he supervised many master students, geochemical investigation on and he got many research and fellowships from Shidiyaphosphorites western orebody, (DFG, JICA, IAEA and JASSO).Beside he got several south Jordan: variation in ore research grants from SRFS, Shouman Foundation, composition and its content of toxic NATO, SRTD, ICTP and Mutah University Scientific heavy metals available for plant Research Deanship fund. Prof. El-Hasan is an

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