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Modes of Use of the Palm Borassus Aethiopum Mart. by the Rural Populations of Eastern and Central-Eastern Regions from Burkina Faso

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Modes of Use of the Palm Borassus Aethiopum Mart. by the Rural Populations of Eastern and Central-Eastern Regions from Burkina Faso Int.J.Curr.Microbiol.App.Sci (2018) 7(12): 62-74 International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences ISSN: 2319-7706 Volume 7 Number 12 (2018) Journal homepage: http://www.ijcmas.com Original Research Article https://doi.org/10.20546/ijcmas.2018.712.009 Modes of Use of the Palm Borassus aethiopum Mart. by the Rural Populations of Eastern and Central-Eastern Regions from Burkina Faso Oumarou Zongo, François Tapsoba, Hama Cisse, Yves Traore and Aly Savadogo* LABIA/CRSBAN/Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, UFR-SVT, University of Ouaga1 Pr Joseph KI-ZERBO, Burkina Faso, 03 BP 7021 Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso *Corresponding author ABSTRACT The eastern and central-eastern regions of Burkina are home to important natural stands of palmyra palm Borassus aethiopum Mart. The objective of this study was to determine the different modes of use of palm Borassus aethiopum Mart. by rural populations in the K e yw or ds eastern and central -eastern regions of Burkina. Surveys in the form of questionnaires as well as interviews with structures and resource persons were conducted in three villages in Modes of use; Borassus each region with palm stands. A total of 300 people including 150 in the eastern region and aethiopum Mart.; Eastern 150 in the central-eastern region were interviewed. The results show that all parts of the and Central Eastern Region; Burkina palmyra Borassus aethiopum Mart. are exploited by rural populations. Sixty (60%) of the people surveyed use the fruits, 9% leaves and 5% the stems. The main forms of farming Article Info are the pulling out of seedlings, the collection of ripe fruits to produce seedlings called Accepted: koboula (in the local yaana language) for consumption or sale and the cutting of the wood 0 November 2018 (stem) and leaves that come into the construction of houses, sheds, fences, etc. The Available Online: exploitation of the sap as a drink as well as the many possibilities of use in basketry 10 December 2018 offered by the palm leaves are unknown. Seedling production is the main income generating activity for the population. It is therefore necessary to consider other forms of exploitation such as the production of wine from the sap as what is practiced in a sustainable way by the people of western region of Burkina. Introduction the east with yellow fruits (Guinko, 1984; Ouédraogo et al., 2002; Bayton and Sub-Saharan Africa is home to large stands of Ouédraogo, 2009). palmyra palms, particularly in the West African subregion, such as Senegal, Mali, All parts of the palmyra palm are used in food, Niger, Côte d'Ivoire and Burkina Faso crafts, pharmacopoeia, fodder, energy, soil (AkéAssi et Guinko, 1996). Previous studies fertilization, construction, agroforestry, etc. have reported the existence of palmyra palm Trade in products of this species is a socio- stands in Burkina Faso. These are western economic activity in the areas where it is stands consisting mainly of the Borassus exploited (Yaméogo et al., 2008). In the akeassii species whose fruits are green at western part of the country, the main forms of maturity and those of Borassus aethiopum in exploitation of the green type palm (Borassus 62 Int.J.Curr.Microbiol.App.Sci (2018) 7(12): 62-74 akeassii) are sap extraction (Tapsoba et al., Materials and Methods 2014), which is done using a sustainable technique that keeps the foot alive and always Study area exploitable and cutting leaves for the making of furniture (chairs, mats, etc.) and other This study was carried out in the eastern handicrafts (baskets, vans, bags, etc.) (Guinko regions (12 ° 03' 00''North; O ° 22' 00'' East) and Ouédraogo, 2005; Yaméogo et al., 2008). and Central East (11 ° 47' 21'' North; O° 21' They showed the importance of the palm in 25'' West) from Burkina Faso where the this part of the country where the sap or bandji natural stands of Borassus aethiopum Mart. (local drink) involved in the reinforcement of meet (Figure 1 and 2). In the Eastern Region, the social links through the happy and three localities or villages (Kompienbiga, unhappy events (marriage, baptism, work of Kaboanga 1 and Kaboanga 2) located in the mutual assistance, funeral, etc.) and improved province of Kompienga (11° 25' 0" North; 0° their living conditions. In addition, the sale of 55' 0" East) served as study sites. In the bandji and other handicraft palm products is Center-East, these are the localities of an important source of income for players in Soudougui, Kamsé and Wango located in the this sector (Yaméogo et al., 2008; Ouoba et province of Koulpélogo (11° 25' 0"North; 0° al., 2012, Tapsoba et al., 2014). 10' 0" East). In the west, the palm has a domestic status and Choice of survey sites is rationally exploited and maintained by the people who make it a source of considerable The choice of survey locations (provinces and financial income (Guinko and Ouédraogo, villages) was carried out following a pre- 2005). The palm stands of the East and the survey which consisted of an exploration in Center-East of the country which are just as the various provinces of the Central-East and important as those of the West, were long Central regions. This exploration was aimed, ignored by the Botanists who drew up the among other things, at identifying the distribution cards of the palmyra palm in West localities near the stands, the relative Africa (Cabannes et al., 1987; Ouédraogo, abundance of the palms in each of the 1999). In this eastern part of the country, the provinces in which the populations give an palm (Borassus aethiopum Mart.) grows wild interest in the exploitation of Borassus and gives stands in several localities of aethiopum. The provinces of Kompienga central-eastern and eastern. The stands extend (East) and Koulpélogo (Center-East) have to Benin, Niger and Togo following the banks been selected. of the Pendjari River and its tributaries (Guinko and Ouédraogo, 2005). Until the Realisation of surveys 1980s, the palmyra palm did not always have regard in the exploitation of its products The survey was conducted on the basis of a (Guinko, 1984). In order to find conservation questionnaire on the use of palm known to the strategies and new forms of valorization of population and concerned 300 individuals in palm stands in this region, knowledge of the six localities (Table 2). The questionnaire different uses is necessary. focused mainly on the exploitation of the palm, the various parts used, the modes of use, The purpose of this study is to identify the the knowledge of palm wine and the various known uses of the palm Borassus knowledge of the technique of collection of aethiopum Mart by local people in the Eastern the sap. Interviews with structures such as the and Central-Eastern region of Burkina Faso. Provincial Directorate of the Environment of 63 Int.J.Curr.Microbiol.App.Sci (2018) 7(12): 62-74 Kompienga and Koulpélogo, the forest station the farm (26% of respondents), the 90% have of Soudougui and Kompienbiga and resource an age between 65 and 110 and are elderly or persons (elders, village chiefs) were also immigrants for the most part. conducted in order to gather as much information as possible. Table 1 below Parts of Borassus aethiopum Mart. presents the various possibilities of use of the exploited by the populations palmyra palm known throughout the world. The different parts of the palm are exploited Data processing by the interviewed people. Multipurpose tree mainly fruits, leaves and stems are used (Table The SPHINX V5 software was used for the 4). The rip fruits are consumed or used for the survey questionnaire. The survey data was production of seedlings for consumption or analyzed with the IBM SPSS Statistics 20 marketing. The leaves are used to make software. The descriptive statistics of the handicrafts and to build fences or cattle pens. various parameters made it possible to The stem enters the construction of hangars establish the tables and graphs. The Pearson and houses (Table 5). In Koulpélogo province, correlation test verified significant correlations 78% of respondents use fruit against 43% in between survey parameters. The correlation is Kompienga province. The leaves (9%) and the significant at the 0.05 level. stem (5%) are poorly exploited in its areas. Sap is not exploited by rural populations in Results and Discussion Eastern and Central East. Most individuals surveyed (99%) ignore this form of Characteristics of the interviewed people exploitation of palm. The technique of sap collection is unknown. The analysis in Table 4 The populations of the rural areas near the shows that the species is under exploited by palm stands submitted to the questionnaires the populations of the East and Central-East consist of women (45%) and men (55%) with regard to the different uses mentioned in whose age is between 10 and 110 (Table 3). Table 1. In fact, 26% of the people surveyed Individuals surveyed in the eastern and do not use the palmyra and only fruits are the central-eastern regions are divided into eight most used (60%) among the different parts. ethnic groups and the majority of whom are The leaves and stems are weakly exploited by the yaana, gourmantché, mossi and zhaoussé the population. (Figure 3 and 4). Other uses of Borassus aethiopum Mart. Exploitation of the products of the palm known by the rural populations Borassus aethiopum Mart. The ripe fruits (sweet juice) are also used in The results of the surveys showed that palm is the preparation of certain food such as beans, exploited by all age groups of the local millet or maize. The leaves are also used to populations of the East and Center-East (74% cover the huts and attics.
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