(NCCN Guidelines®) Ovarian Cancer
Total Page:16
File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb
Load more
Recommended publications
-
About Ovarian Cancer Overview and Types
cancer.org | 1.800.227.2345 About Ovarian Cancer Overview and Types If you have been diagnosed with ovarian cancer or are worried about it, you likely have a lot of questions. Learning some basics is a good place to start. ● What Is Ovarian Cancer? Research and Statistics See the latest estimates for new cases of ovarian cancer and deaths in the US and what research is currently being done. ● Key Statistics for Ovarian Cancer ● What's New in Ovarian Cancer Research? What Is Ovarian Cancer? Cancer starts when cells in the body begin to grow out of control. Cells in nearly any part of the body can become cancer and can spread. To learn more about how cancers start and spread, see What Is Cancer?1 Ovarian cancers were previously believed to begin only in the ovaries, but recent evidence suggests that many ovarian cancers may actually start in the cells in the far (distal) end of the fallopian tubes. 1 ____________________________________________________________________________________American Cancer Society cancer.org | 1.800.227.2345 What are the ovaries? Ovaries are reproductive glands found only in females (women). The ovaries produce eggs (ova) for reproduction. The eggs travel from the ovaries through the fallopian tubes into the uterus where the fertilized egg settles in and develops into a fetus. The ovaries are also the main source of the female hormones estrogen and progesterone. One ovary is on each side of the uterus. The ovaries are mainly made up of 3 kinds of cells. Each type of cell can develop into a different type of tumor: ● Epithelial tumors start from the cells that cover the outer surface of the ovary. -
A Rare Presentation of Benign Brenner Tumor of Ovary: a Case Report
International Journal of Reproduction, Contraception, Obstetrics and Gynecology Periasamy S et al. Int J Reprod Contracept Obstet Gynecol. 2018 Jul;7(7):2971-2974 www.ijrcog.org pISSN 2320-1770 | eISSN 2320-1789 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2320-1770.ijrcog20182920 Case Report A rare presentation of benign Brenner tumor of ovary: a case report Sumathi Periasamy1, Subha Sivagami Sengodan2*, Devipriya1, Anbarasi Pandian2 1Department of Surgery, 2Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Government Mohan Kumaramangalam Medical College, Salem, Tamil Nadu, India Received: 17 April 2018 Accepted: 23 May 2018 *Correspondence: Dr. Subha Sivagami Sengodan, E-mail: [email protected] Copyright: © the author(s), publisher and licensee Medip Academy. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License, which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. ABSTRACT Brenner tumors are rare ovarian tumors accounting for 2-3% of all ovarian neoplasms and about 2% of these tumors are borderline (proliferating) or malignant. These tumors are commonly seen in 4th-8th decades of life with a peak in late 40s and early 50s. Benign Brenner tumors are usually small, <2cm in diameter and often detected incidentally during surgery or on pathological examination. Authors report a case of a large, calcified benign Brenner tumor in a 55-year-old postmenopausal woman who presented with complaint of abdominal pain and mass in abdomen. Imaging revealed large complex solid cystic pelvic mass -peritoneal fibrosarcoma. She underwent laparotomy which revealed huge Brenner tumor weighing 9kg arising from left uterine cornual end extending up to epigastric region. -
Primary Peritoneal Serous Papillary Carcinoma: a Case Series
Archives of Gynecology and Obstetrics (2019) 300:1023–1028 https://doi.org/10.1007/s00404-019-05280-z GYNECOLOGIC ONCOLOGY Primary peritoneal serous papillary carcinoma: a case series Nikolaos Blontzos1 · Evangelos Vafas1 · George Vorgias1 · Nikolaos Kalinoglou1 · Christos Iavazzo1 Received: 27 May 2018 / Accepted: 22 August 2019 / Published online: 5 September 2019 © Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2019 Abstract Purpose To present the clinical and laboratory characteristics, as well as the management, of patients with primary peritoneal serous papillary carcinoma (PPSPC). Methods This is a retrospective study of 19 patients with PPSPC who underwent debulking surgery followed by frst line chemotherapy and were managed in Metaxa Memorial Cancer Hospital between January 2002 and December 2017. Results The median age of the patients was found to be 66 years (range 44–76 years). Clinical presentation of PPSPC included abdominal distention and pain, constipation, as well as loss of appetite and weight gain. Two of the patients did not mention any symptomatology and the disease was suspected by an abnormal cervical smear and elevated CA125 levels respectively. Biomarkers measurement during the initial management of the patients revealed abnormal values of CA125 for all the participants (median value 565 U/ml). Human epididymis secretory protein 4 (HE4) and ratios of blood count were also measured. Perioperative Peritoneal Cancer Index ranged from 6 to 20. Optimal debulking was achieved in 5 cases. All patients were staged as IIIC and IVA PPSPC and received standard chemotherapy with paclitaxel and carboplatin, whereas bevacizumab was added in the 5 most recent cases. Median overall survival was 29 months. -
Capecitabine)
Reference number(s) 1993-A SPECIALTY GUIDELINE MANAGEMENT XELODA (capecitabine) POLICY I. INDICATIONS The indications below including FDA-approved indications and compendial uses are considered a covered benefit provided that all the approval criteria are met and the member has no exclusions to the prescribed therapy. A. FDA-Approved Indications 1. Colorectal Cancer a. Xeloda is indicated as a single agent for adjuvant treatment in patients with Dukes’ C colon cancer who have undergone complete resection of the primary tumor when treatment with fluoropyrimidine therapy alone is preferred. b. Xeloda is indicated as first-line treatment in patients with metastatic colorectal carcinoma when treatment with fluoropyrimidine therapy alone is preferred. 2. Breast Cancer a. Xeloda in combination with docetaxel is indicated for the treatment of patients with metastatic breast cancer after failure of prior anthracycline-containing chemotherapy. b. Xeloda monotherapy is also indicated for the treatment of patients with metastatic breast cancer resistant to both paclitaxel and an anthracycline-containing chemotherapy regimen or resistant to paclitaxel and for whom further anthracycline therapy is not indicated, for example, patients who have received cumulative doses of 400 mg/m2 of doxorubicin or doxorubicin equivalents. B. Compendial Uses 1. Anal cancer 2. Breast cancer 3. Central nervous system (CNS) metastases from breast cancer 4. Colorectal Cancer 5. Esophageal and esophagogastric junction cancer 6. Gastric cancer 7. Head and neck cancer 8. Hepatobiliary cancers (extra-/intra-hepatic cholangiocarcinoma and gallbladder cancer) 9. Occult primary tumors (cancer of unknown primary) 10. Ovarian cancer (Epithelial ovarian cancer/fallopian tube cancer/primary peritoneal cancer/mucinous cancer) 11. -
Mechanisms of High-Grade Serous Carcinogenesis in the Fallopian Tube and Ovary: Current Hypotheses, Etiologic Factors, and Molecular Alterations
International Journal of Molecular Sciences Review Mechanisms of High-Grade Serous Carcinogenesis in the Fallopian Tube and Ovary: Current Hypotheses, Etiologic Factors, and Molecular Alterations Isao Otsuka Kameda Medical Center, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Kamogawa 296-8602, Japan; [email protected] Abstract: Ovarian high-grade serous carcinomas (HGSCs) are a heterogeneous group of diseases. They include fallopian-tube-epithelium (FTE)-derived and ovarian-surface-epithelium (OSE)-derived tumors. The risk/protective factors suggest that the etiology of HGSCs is multifactorial. Inflammation caused by ovulation and retrograde bleeding may play a major role. HGSCs are among the most genetically altered cancers, and TP53 mutations are ubiquitous. Key driving events other than TP53 mutations include homologous recombination (HR) deficiency, such as BRCA 1/2 dysfunction, and activation of the CCNE1 pathway. HR deficiency and the CCNE1 amplification appear to be mutually exclusive. Intratumor heterogeneity resulting from genomic instability can be observed at the early stage of tumorigenesis. In this review, I discuss current carcinogenic hypotheses, sites of origin, etiologic factors, and molecular alterations of HGSCs. Keywords: ovarian cancer; high-grade serous carcinoma; carcinogenesis; molecular alterations Citation: Otsuka, I. Mechanisms of High-Grade Serous Carcinogenesis in the Fallopian Tube and Ovary: Current Hypotheses, Etiologic 1. Introduction Factors, and Molecular Alterations. Ovarian cancer is the most lethal gynecological malignancy. Epithelial ovarian cancers Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2021, 22, 4409. (EOCs) are a heterogeneous group of diseases and can be divided into five main types, https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms based on histopathology and molecular genetics [1]: high-grade serous, low-grade serous, 22094409 endometrioid, clear cell, and mucinous tumors. -
Malignant Fibrothecomatous Tumour of the Ovary
868 J Clin Pathol 1998;51:868–871 Malignant fibrothecomatous tumour of the ovary: J Clin Pathol: first published as 10.1136/jcp.51.11.868 on 1 November 1998. Downloaded from diagnostic value of anti-inhibin immunostaining W G McCluggage, J M Sloan, D D Boyle, P G Toner Abstract ultrasound scan, which also revealed free fluid Malignant ovarian tumours of the fibro- in the pelvic cavity. Serum CA-125 was mark- thecoma group are rare. The clinico- edly raised at 196 U/ml. A presumptive pathological features of a case of ovarian diagnosis of ovarian cancer was made. At malignant fibrothecoma in which there laparotomy, tumour masses were present in the was metastatic disease in the small intes- right ovary and in the terminal ileum. There tine and peritoneum at presentation are were also multiple tumour nodules throughout described. A number of diVerential diag- the abdominal peritoneum. The clinical im- noses were considered but positive immu- pression was of a primary lesion in the right nohistochemical staining of the resected ovary, with small intestinal and peritoneal ovarian and small intestinal neoplasms metastases. Total abdominal hysterectomy and with anti-inhibin was of value in confirm- bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy was per- ing a sex cord–stromal tumour and in formed, together with resection of a length of excluding other lesions. The two tumours terminal ileum. The postoperative period was were also ultrastructurally identical. Clas- unremarkable and the patient is currently sical malignant fibrothecomas are said to undergoing chemotherapy. show four or more mitotic figures per 10 high power fields (HPF). -
Collision Glial Neoplasms Arising in an Ovarian Mature Cystic Teratoma: a Rare Event
Hindawi Case Reports in Pathology Volume 2020, Article ID 7568671, 4 pages https://doi.org/10.1155/2020/7568671 Case Report Collision Glial Neoplasms Arising in an Ovarian Mature Cystic Teratoma: A Rare Event Abdelrazak Meliti ,1,2 Bayan Hafiz,1 Haneen Al-Maghrabi ,1 and Abdulrahim Gari3 1Department of Anatomic Pathology, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia 2Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada 3Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia Correspondence should be addressed to Abdelrazak Meliti; [email protected] Received 26 September 2019; Accepted 27 January 2020; Published 3 February 2020 Academic Editor: Dimosthenis Miliaras Copyright © 2020 Abdelrazak Meliti et al. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Germ cell neoplasms represent around 20% of all ovarian tumors. They most frequently affect children and young adults. Mature cystic teratoma is a common benign ovarian neoplasm comprising about 95% and is made up of all three germ cell embryonic layers. By definition, mature cystic teratoma may be derived from any of the three germ cell lines. On the other hand, immature teratomas contain primitive neuroepithelial elements. However, it is quite uncommon in the English literature to have a neuroepithelial glial neoplasm arising in a mature cystic teratoma of an adolescent. Interestingly enough, all published cases described a single type of glial neoplasm arising in mature ovarian teratoma. -
XELODA (Capecitabine)
Reference number(s) 1993-A SPECIALTY GUIDELINE MANAGEMENT XELODA (capecitabine) POLICY I. INDICATIONS The indications below including FDA-approved indications and compendial uses are considered a covered benefit provided that all the approval criteria are met and the member has no exclusions to the prescribed therapy. A. FDA-Approved Indications 1. Colorectal Cancer a. Xeloda is indicated as a single agent for adjuvant treatment in patients with Dukes’ C colon cancer who have undergone complete resection of the primary tumor when treatment with fluoropyrimidine therapy alone is preferred. b. Xeloda is indicated as first-line treatment in patients with metastatic colorectal carcinoma when treatment with fluoropyrimidine therapy alone is preferred. 2. Breast Cancer a. Xeloda in combination with docetaxel is indicated for the treatment of patients with metastatic breast cancer after failure of prior anthracycline-containing chemotherapy. b. Xeloda monotherapy is also indicated for the treatment of patients with metastatic breast cancer resistant to both paclitaxel and an anthracycline-containing chemotherapy regimen or resistant to paclitaxel and for whom further anthracycline therapy is not indicated, for example, patients who have received cumulative doses of 400 mg/m2 of doxorubicin or doxorubicin equivalents. B. Compendial Uses 1. Anal cancer 2. Breast cancer 3. Central nervous system (CNS) metastases from breast cancer 4. Colorectal Cancer 5. Esophageal and esophagogastric junction cancer 6. Gastric cancer 7. Head and neck cancers (including very advanced head and neck cancer) 8. Hepatobiliary cancers (including extrahepatic and intra-hepatic cholangiocarcinoma and gallbladder cancer) 9. Occult primary tumors (cancer of unknown primary) 10. Ovarian cancer, fallopian tube cancer, and primary peritoneal cancer: Epithelial ovarian cancer, fallopian tube cancer, primary peritoneal cancer, and mucinous cancer) 11. -
Production of a Monoclonal Antibody Specific for Seminomas And
Proc. Nati. Acad. Sci. USA Vol. 83, pp. 5291-5295, July 1986 Medical Sciences Production of a monoclonal antibody specific for seminomas and dysgerminomas (testicular and ovarian tumors/oncofetal antigen/glycoprotein/Mr 40,000 cell surface protein/immunoperoxidase) DENIS BAILEY*, REUBEN BAUMALt, JOHN LAWt, KATHERINE SHELDONt, PAUL KANNAMPUZHAt, MICHAEL STRATIS*, HARRIETTE KAHN§, AND ALEXANDER MARKSt *Departments of Pathology, Toronto General Hospital, MSG 1L7, tThe Hospital for Sick Children, M5G 1X8, tBanting and Best Department of Medical Research, University of Toronto, M5G 1L6, and §Women's College Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada, M5S 1B2 Communicated by J. Tuzo Wilson, March 14, 1986 ABSTRACT A monoclonal antibody (M2A, IgG2a) was cultures in minimal essential medium alpha (Flow Laborato- produced against a cultured human ovarian epithelial adeno- ries) supplemented with 7% fetal bovine serum and 2 mM carcinoma cell line, HEY. Monoclonal antibody M2A reacted glutamine. with a glycoprotein of molecular weight 40,000 on the surface Human Normal Tissues and Tumors. Various normal tis- of HEY cells. The affinity constant of the monoclonal antibody sues and tumors were obtained from surgical biopsy speci- M2A for HEY cells was 109 M-1, and the number of binding mens processed in the departments of pathology at The sites on HEY cells was 2 x 104 per cell. The monoclonal Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto General Hospital and antibody produced positive immunoperoxidase staining offetal Women's College Hospital. (but not adult) testis and ofseminomas and dysgerminomas but Production of mAb. Eight-week-old female BALB/c mice did not stain various normal adult tissues or other gonadal or (Canadian Breeding Laboratories, Montreal, PQ) were im- extragonadal tumors. -
Ovarian Cancer: the New Paradigm (And What You Need to Know Clinically)
Ovarian Cancer: The New Paradigm (and what you need to know clinically) Dianne Miller, M.D., FRCSC University of British Columbia and the British Columbia Cancer Agency Ovarian Cancer y Germ Cell: y Stromal tumors y Dysgerminoma y Lymphoma y Endodermal sinus y Sarcoma etc. y Teratoma etc. y Epithelial Tumors y Sex cord stromal y Serous y Granulosa cell y Mucinous y FOX L2 y Endometriod y Sertoli leydig etc y Clear cell etc. Objectives y To discuss why epithelial ovarian cancer is becoming vanishingly rare! y To discuss our new insights into ovarian cancer y Epithelial Ovarian Cancer is a least five distinct diseases y High Grade Serous* y Endometriod* y Clear cell* y Mucinous y Low Grade Serous y (and possibly transitional cell) y To discuss the clinical implications of the changes in our understanding of the origin of “Ovarian Cancers” “Ovarian” Cancer in Canada y modest lifetime risk of 1/70, but: y major public health issue: y 2500 new cases/annum: 1750 deaths y potential years of life lost from cancer: y breast 94,400 = 1.0 y ovary 28,600 0.3 y uterus 11,400 y cervix 10,100 International Benchmarking y The Lancet, Volume 377, Issue 9760, Pages 127 ‐ 138, 8 January 2011 y Published Online: 22 December 2010 y Cancer survival in Australia, Canada, Denmark, Norway, Sweden, and the UK, 1995—2007 (the International Cancer Benchmarking Partnership): an analysis of population‐based cancer registry data “Ovarian Cancer” y Screening ineffective y Survival rates low & stable “Ovarian Cancer” Presentation y 1/3 gradual intrapelvic growth → y lower -
Specialty Guideline Management
Reference number(s) 2040-A SPECIALTY GUIDELINE MANAGEMENT GEMZAR (gemcitabine) gemcitabine POLICY I. INDICATIONS The indications below including FDA-approved indications and compendial uses are considered a covered benefit provided that all the approval criteria are met and the member has no exclusions to the prescribed therapy. A. FDA-Approved Indications 1. Ovarian cancer In combination with carboplatin for the treatment of patients with advanced ovarian cancer that has relapsed at least 6 months after completion of platinum-based therapy 2. Breast cancer In combination with paclitaxel for the first-line treatment of patients with metastatic breast cancer after failure of prior anthracycline-containing adjuvant chemotherapy, unless anthracyclines were clinically contraindicated 3. Non-small cell lung cancer In combination with cisplatin for the first-line treatment of patients with inoperable, locally advanced (Stage IIIA or IIIB), or metastatic (Stage IV) non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) 4. Pancreatic cancer As first-line treatment for patients with locally advanced (nonresectable Stage II or Stage III) or metastatic (Stage IV) adenocarcinoma of the pancreas. Gemzar or gemcitabine is indicated for patients previously treated with fluorouracil. B. Compendial Uses 1. Bladder cancer, primary carcinoma of the urethra, upper genitourinary tract tumors, transitional cell carcinoma of the urinary tract, urothelial carcinoma of the prostate, non-urothelial and urothelial cancer with variant histology 2. Bone cancer a. Ewing’s sarcoma b. Osteosarcoma 3. Breast cancer 4. Head and neck cancers (including very advanced head and neck cancer and cancer of the nasopharynx) 5. Hepatobiliary and biliary tract cancer a. Extrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma b. Intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma c. -
Clinical Curriculum: Gynecologic Oncology
Reviewed July 2014 Clinical Curriculum: Gynecologic Oncology Goal: The primary goal of the gynecologic oncology rotation at the University of Alabama at Birmingham is to train residents to have a general understanding of the evaluation and treatment of women with suspected gynecologic malignancies. At the completion of four years of training, our residents will be capable of appropriate workup and referral of patients with gynecologic malignancies. Organization: Four residents are assigned to the UAB inpatient rotation (Green: PGY2 & 3; Gold: PGY1 & 4). One intern will be assigned to the outpatient clinic rotation. Junior residents (PGY1, 2) will also attend the Colposcopy Clinic on Friday mornings. Supervision: Residents are directly supervised by faculty members at all times. Gynecologic oncology faculty are in attendance in the operating rooms during the critical portion of all procedures. All admitted inpatients are seen by a faculty daily. By the end of the rotation, 1st and 2nd year residents should be able to perform: Workup and management of patients with suspected gynecologic malignancies Minor gynecologic procedures such as D&C, cold knife cone, and CO2 laser ablations Basic laparoscopy Routine open hysterectomy and salpingo-oophorectomy By the end of the rotation, 3rd and 4th year residents should be able to perform: Critical care of postoperative patients Robotic hysterectomy and salpingo-oophorectomy Complicated abdominal and pelvic surgery such as endometriosis and adhesions Reviewed July 2014 By the end of the rotation,