Supporting Information

Bender et al. 10.1073/pnas.0802779105

Table S1. Species names and calculated numeric values pertaining to Fig. 1 Mitochondrially Nuclear encoded Nuclear encoded Species name encoded methionine, % methionine, % methionine, corrected, %

Animals Primates Cebus albifrons 6.76 Cercopithecus aethiops 6.10 Colobus guereza 6.73 Gorilla gorilla 5.46 Homo sapiens 5.49 2.14 2.64 Hylobates lar 5.33 Lemur catta 6.50 Macaca mulatta 5.96 Macaca sylvanus 5.96 Nycticebus coucang 6.07 Pan paniscus 5.46 Pan troglodytes 5.38 Papio hamadryas 5.99 Pongo pygmaeus 5.04 Tarsius bancanus 6.74 Trachypithecus obscurus 6.18

Other mammals Acinonyx jubatus 6.86 Artibeus jamaicensis 6.43 Balaena mysticetus 6.04 Balaenoptera acutorostrata 6.17 Balaenoptera borealis 5.96 Balaenoptera musculus 5.78 Balaenoptera physalus 6.02 Berardius bairdii 6.01 Bos grunniens 7.04 Bos taurus 6.88 2.26 2.70 Canis familiaris 6.54 Capra hircus 6.84 Cavia porcellus 6.41 Ceratotherium simum 6.06 Choloepus didactylus 6.23 Crocidura russula 6.17 Dasypus novemcinctus 7.05 Didelphis virginiana 6.79 Dugong dugon 6.15 Echinops telfairi 6.32 Echinosorex gymnura 6.86 Elephas maximus 6.84 Equus asinus 6.01 Equus caballus 6.07 Erinaceus europaeus 7.34 Eschrichtius robustus 6.15 Eumetopias jubatus 6.77 Felis catus 6.62 Halichoerus grypus 6.46 Hemiechinus auritus 6.83 Herpestes javanicus 6.70 Hippopotamus amphibius 6.50 Hyperoodon ampullatus 6.04 Inia geoffrensis 6.20

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Isoodon macrourus 6.00 Kogia breviceps 5.93 Lepus europaeus 6.26 Loxodonta africana 6.81 Macropus robustus 5.50 Macrotis lagotis 6.42 Megaptera novaeangliae 5.99 Metachirus nudicaudatus 6.61 Monodelphis domestica 6.62 Monodon monoceros 6.25 Muntiacus muntjak 6.59 Mus musculus 6.60 2.23 2.84 Notoryctes typhlops 5.71 Ochotona collaris 5.91 Ochotona princeps 5.99 Odobenus rosmarus 6.91 Ornithorhynchus anatinus 5.07 Orycteropus afer 5.83 Oryctolagus cuniculus 5.99 Ovis aries 6.83 Perameles gunnii 6.26 Phoca vitulina 6.56 Phocoena phocoena 6.33 Physeter catodon 6.25 Platanista minor 6.27 Pontoporia blainvillei 6.76 Procavia capensis 6.61 Pseudocheirus peregrinus 5.87 Rattus norvegicus 5.96 2.25 2.77 Rhinoceros unicornis 6.28 Sciurus vulgaris 6.04 Sus scrofa 6.98 Tachyglossus aculeatus 5.71 Talpa europaea 6.41 Tamandua tetradactyla 6.99 Tapirus terrestris 6.28 Tarsipes rostratus 6.08 Thryonomys swinderianus 7.43 Trichosurus vulpecula 5.88 Tupaia belangeri 6.47 Ursus americanus 6.43 Ursus arctos 6.14 Ursus maritimus 6.09 Vombatus ursinus 5.60 Zaglossus bruijni 5.44

Birds Anser albifrons 4.83 Arenaria interpres 4.75 Aythya americana 4.56 Branta canadensis 4.93 Buteo buteo 4.28 Ciconia boyciana 4.28 Ciconia ciconia 4.20 Corvus frugilegus 4.57 Diomedea melanophris 4.72 Dromaius novaehollandiae 4.54 Falco peregrinus 4.78 Gallus gallus 4.46 2.33 2.74 Gavia stellata 4.73 Struthio camelus 4.12

Reptiles Alligator mississippiensis 5.41

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Alligator sinensis 5.29 Bipes biporus 5.74 Caiman crocodilus 5.25 Chinemys reevesi 6.46 Chrysemys picta 6.30 Cordylus warreni 5.34 Iguana iguana 4.87 Pelomedusa subrufa 6.26 Sphenodon punctatus 6.22

Amphibians Ambystoma tigrinum 6.65 Andrias davidianus 6.53 Bombina bombina 4.86 Bombina orientalis 4.68 Ensatina eschscholtzii 6.87 Gyrinophilus porphyriticus 6.26 Hemidactylium scutatum 6.95 Kaloula pulchra 4.74 Phaeognathus hubrichti 6.67 Plethodon elongatus 6.83 Pseudotriton ruber 6.33 Xenopus laevis 5.18

Fish Acipenser transmontanus 4.60 Amia calva 4.87 Anguilla anguilla 5.53 Anguilla rostrata 5.56 Branchiostoma lanceolatum 5.40 Carassius auratus 4.67 Carpiodes carpio 4.50 Cololabis saira 4.34 Conger myriaster 5.63 Cyprinus carpio 4.64 Danio rerio 5.06 2.52 2.98 Esox lucius 4.21 Gadus morhua 4.73 Gambusia affinis 4.05 Gasterosteus aculeatus 4.13 Heterodontus francisci 4.29 Huso huso 4.47 Ictalurus punctatus 4.56 Lampetra fluviatilis 5.64 Lepidosiren paradoxa 5.05 Lophius americanus 3.97 Lota lota 4.34 Megalops cyprinoides 5.08 Mugil cephalus 3.96 Neoceratodus forsteri 5.74 Oncorhynchus clarkii 3.95 Oncorhynchus mykiss 3.95 Oncorhynchus tshawytscha 4.00 Osteoglossum bicirrhosum 4.63 Petromyzon marinus 5.72 Polyodon spathula 4.71 Polypterus senegalus 5.26 Salmo salar 4.05 Salvelinus fontinalis 4.08 Scomber scombrus 4.08 Scyliorhinus caniculus 4.58 Squalus acanthias 4.60 Tetraodon nigroviridis 4.08 2.18 2.75 Theragra chalcogramma 4.65

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Thunnus thynnus 4.16

Echinoderms Acanthaster brevispinus 2.02 Acanthaster planci 2.10 Arbacia lixula 2.65 Asterias amurensis 2.41 Asterina pectinifera 2.09 Astropecten polyacanthus 2.25 Cucumaria miniata 2.02 Florometra serratissima 2.00 Gymnocrinus richeri 2.21 Luidia quinalia 2.17 Ophiopholis aculeata 2.64 Ophiura lutkeni 2.78 Paracentrotus lividus 2.72 Phanogenia gracilis 2.10 Pisaster ochraceus 2.36 Strongylocentrotus purpuratus 2.80

Insects Aedes albopictus 6.94 Aleurochiton aceris 9.47 Aleurodicus dugesii 10.20 Anopheles gambiae 6.08 2.32 2.93 Anopheles quadrimaculatus A 6.14 Antheraea pernyi 7.05 Apis mellifera ligustica 9.28 Bactrocera oleae 5.57 Bemisia tabaci 9.23 Bombyx mandarina 7.87 Bombyx mori 7.81 Campanulotes bidentatus compar 6.44 Ceratitis capitata 5.47 Chrysomya putoria 6.00 Cochliomyia hominivorax 6.29 Coreana raphaelis 8.82 Crioceris duodecimpunctata 6.71 Dermatobia hominis 7.07 Drosophila mauritiana 6.11 Drosophila melanogaster 6.30 2.34 2.97 Drosophila sechellia 6.06 Drosophila simulans 6.14 Drosophila yakuba 5.82 Gomphiocephalus hodgsoni 6.85 Gryllotalpa orientalis 7.31 Haematobia irritans 6.40 Heterodoxus macropus 8.20 Homalodisca coagulata 8.97 Japyx solifugus 7.07 Lepidopsocid RS-2001 6.89 Locusta migratoria 7.59 Melipona bicolor 11.18 Neomaskellia andropogonis 10.21 Nesomachilis australica 5.63 Onychiurus orientalis 5.86 Ostrinia furnacalis 7.77 Ostrinia nubilalis 7.85 Pachypsylla venusta 7.70 Periplaneta fuliginosa 7.79 Petrobius brevistylis 5.74 Philaenus spumarius 8.59 Podura aquatica 6.35 Pteronarcys princeps 5.15

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Pyrocoelia rufa 8.54 Schizaphis graminum 8.51 Sclerophasma paresisensis 7.68 Tamolanica tamolana 7.15 Tetraleurodes acaciae 7.66 Tetrodontophora bielanensis 8.21 Thermobia domestica 5.78 Thrips imaginis 7.19 Trialeurodes vaporariorum 7.95 Triatoma dimidiata 6.86 Tribolium castaneum 6.35 Tricholepidion gertschi 6.50

Crustaceans Argulus americanus 8.25 Armillifer armillatus 7.09 Artemia franciscana 5.45 Callinectes sapidus 6.31 Cherax destructor 5.18 Daphnia pulex 3.99 Eriocheir sinensis 6.00 Geothelphusa dehaani 5.78 Gonodactylus chiagra 6.28 Harpiosquilla harpax 6.50 Hutchinsoniella macracantha 5.84 Lepeophtheirus salmonis 5.09 Lysiosquillina maculata 6.42 Macrobrachium rosenbergii 4.87 Marsupenaeus japonicus 5.28 Megabalanus volcano 5.51 Pagurus longicarpus 6.00 Panulirus japonicus 5.38 Penaeus monodon 5.95 Pollicipes polymerus 5.82 Portunus trituberculatus 6.24 Pseudocarcinus gigas 6.03 Speleonectes tulumensis 9.04 Squilla empusa 6.63 Squilla mantis 6.52 Tetraclita japonica 6.17 Tigriopus japonicus 4.09 Triops cancriformis 5.42 Triops longicaudatus 4.64 Vargula hilgendorfii 5.23

Arachnids Amblyomma triguttatum 8.74 Carios capensis 8.25 Centruroides limpidus 5.24 Habronattus oregonensis 9.71 Haemaphysalis flava 9.32 Heptathela hangzhouensis 7.85 Ixodes hexagonus 8.28 Ixodes holocyclus 9.47 Ixodes persulcatus 8.90 Ixodes uriae 9.08 Leptotrombidium akamushi 5.79 Leptotrombidium deliense 5.90 Leptotrombidium pallidum 5.81 Mesobuthus gibbosus 4.92 Ornithoctonus huwena 7.97 Ornithodoros moubata 8.07 Ornithodoros porcinus 8.29 Rhipicephalus sanguineus 8.94

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Varroa destructor 9.82

Nematodes Anisakis simplex 5.56 Ancylostoma duodenale 6.96 Ascaris suum 5.44 Brugia malayi 4.61 Caenorhabditis elegans 5.47 2.62 2.96 Cooperia oncophora 6.61 Dirofilaria immitis 4.46 Necator americanus 6.64 Onchocerca volvulus 4.43 Steinernema carpocapsae 5.04 Strelkovimermis spiculatus 9.84 Strongyloides stercoralis 3.51 Thaumamermis cosgrovei 7.82 Trichinella spiralis 8.29 Xiphinema americanum 5.78

Platyhelminthes Echinococcus multilocularis 2.76 Fasciola hepatica 2.98 Hymenolepis diminuta 2.82 Paragonimus westermani 2.62 Schistosoma japonicum 3.63 Schistosoma mansoni 3.69 Schistosoma mekongi 3.77 Taenia asiatica 2.92 Taenia crassiceps 3.10 Taenia solium 2.94

Molluscs Albinaria caerulea 7.39 Aplysia californica 5.04 Biomphalaria glabrata 7.15 Cepaea nemoralis 4.65 Crassostrea gigas 5.79 Crassostrea virginica 5.63 Graptacme eborea 7.77 Haliotis rubra 4.60 Ilyanassa obsoleta 5.11 Katharina tunicata 5.11 Lampsilis ornata 4.65 Loligo bleekeri 7.80 Lottia digitalis 5.01 Mytilus edulis 5.98 Mytilus galloprovincialis 6.00 Mytilus trossulus 6.25 Nautilus macromphalus 4.47 Octopus ocellatus 8.38 Octopus vulgaris 7.75 Placopecten magellanicus 4.17 Pupa strigosa 5.12 Roboastra europaea 5.18 Sepia officinalis 7.10 Sepioteuthis lessoniana 7.39 Siphonodentalium lobatum 7.03 Todarodes pacificus 7.14 Venerupis philippinarum 6.51 Watasenia scintillans 6.64

Annelids Clymenella torquata 7.07 Lumbricus terrestris 6.97

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Orbinia latreillii 5.73 Platynereis dumerilii 7.98

Brachiopods Laqueus rubellus 5.17 Terebratalia transversa 4.63 Terebratulina retusa 5.01

Cnidarians Acropora tenuis 3.05 Anacropora matthai 3.22 Metridium senile 3.34 Montastraea annularis 2.68 Montastraea faveolata 2.68 Montastraea franksi 2.68 Montipora cactus 3.17

Sponges Axinella corrugata 3.12 Geodia neptuni 2.97 Tethya actinia 3.02

Fungi Pezizomycotina Aspergillus niger 2.53 Aspergillus tubingensis 2.57 Epidermophyton floccosum 2.29 Hypocrea jecorina 2.61 Lecanicillium muscarium 2.34 Paracoccidioides brasiliensis 1.96 Penicillium marneffei 2.05 Podospora anserina 1.73

Saccharomycotina (ϩ) Ashbya gossypii 5.97 2.19 2.55 Candida glabrata 5.15 2.22 2.45 Hanseniaspora uvarum 4.57 Kluyveromyces thermotolerans 3.12 Saccharomyces castellii 7.16 Saccharomyces cerevisiae 5.24 2.08 2.25 Saccharomyces servazzii 6.79 Yarrowia lipolytica 9.34 2.26 2.63

Saccharomycotina (-) Candida albicans 3.00 Candida metapsilosis 2.69 Candida orthopsilosis 2.77 Candida parapsilosis 2.25 Candida stellata 2.57 Kluyveromyces lactis 2.63 2.08 2.36 Pichia canadensis 2.04

Schizosaccharomycetes Schizosaccharomyces japonicus 2.26 Schizosaccharomyces octosporus 2.01 Schizosaccharomyces pombe 2.22 2.06 2.19

Basidiomycota Crinipellis perniciosa 1.70 Cryptococcus neoformans 3.76 2.16 2.53 Schizophyllum commune 1.97

Chytridiomycota Allomyces macrogynus 2.41

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Harpochytrium sp. JEL94 3.67 Harpochytrium sp. JEL105 3.66 Monoblepharella sp. JEL15 3.45 Rhizophydium sp. 136 1.90 Spizellomyces punctatus 2.63

Zygomycota Mortierella verticillata 2.16 Rhizopus oryzae 2.60 Smittium culisetae 1.62

Fungi incertae sedis Hyaloraphidium curvatum 4.24

Unicellular eukaryotes Alveolata Paramecium aurelia 2.05 2.03 2.20 Plasmodium falciparum 2.66 2.20 2.21 Plasmodium knowlesi 2.45 Plasmodium reichenowi 2.66 Plasmodium simium 2.54 Plasmodium vivax 2.58 Tetrahymena pyriformis 2.33 Tetrahymena thermophila 2.06

Mycetozoa Dictyostelium citrinum 2.63 Dictyostelium discoideum 2.73 1.57 1.67 Physarum polycephalum 2.13 Polysphondylium pallidum 2.64

Rhodophyta Chondrus crispus 2.60 Cyanidioschyzon merolae 1.69 Porphyra purpurea 2.31

Stramenopiles Cafeteria roenbergensis 2.07 Chrysodidymus synuroideus 1.94 Desmarestia viridis 2.32 Dictyota dichotoma 2.42 Fucus vesiculosus 2.41 Laminaria digitata 2.46 Ochromonas danica 2.12 Phytophthora infestans 2.10 Pylaiella littoralis 2.23 Saprolegnia ferax 2.09 Thalassiosira pseudonana 2.39

Other eukaryotes Acanthamoeba castellanii 2.01 Emiliania huxleyi 2.57 Leishmania tarentolae 1.66 Malawimonas jakobiformis 2.40 Monosiga brevicollis 2.40 Naegleria gruberi 1.96 Reclinomonas americana 2.51 Rhodomonas salina 2.27

Plants Chlorophyta Chlamydomonas eugametos 3.74 Chlamydomonas reinhardtii 4.35 Pedinomonas minor 1.51

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Prototheca wickerhamii 2.37 Pseudendoclonium akinetum 1.79 Scenedesmus obliquus 2.93

Streptophyta Arabidopsis thaliana 2.58 2.45 2.51 Beta vulgaris 2.70 Chaetosphaeridium globosum 2.69 Chara vulgaris 2.71 Marchantia polymorpha 2.32 Nicotiana tabacum 2.50 Oryza sativa 2.62 Physcomitrella patens 2.56 Triticum aesitvum 2.72 Zea mays 2.67

Bender et al. www.pnas.org/cgi/content/short/0802779105 9of10 Table S2. Respiratory chain complex (RCC) methionine balance sheet Complex I Complex III Complex IV Complex V

One rat liver mitochondrion contains RCCs 2,679 5,474 15,656 15,656 Ref.1 Number of mitochondrially encoded methionine residues per RCC ⌺ Rattus norvegicus 145 12 52 17 226 Rattus norvegicus (read in standard code) 16 3 6 5 30 Florometra serratissima 39 4 29 4 76 Melipona bicolor 270 33 78 25 406 Bos taurus 169 15 61 16 261 Homo sapiens 122 15 53 18 208 Calculated number of mitochondrially encoded methionines per mitochondrion and RCC ⌺ Product of A and B Rattus norvegicus 388,455 65,688 814,112 266,152 1,534,407 Rattus norvegicus (read in standard code) 42,864 16,422 93,936 78,280 231,502 Florometra serratissima 104,481 21,896 454,024 62,624 643,025 Melipona bicolor 723,330 180,642 1,221,168 391,400 2,516,540 Bos taurus 452,751 82,110 955,016 250,496 1,740,373 Homo sapiens 326,838 82,110 829,768 281,808 1,520,524 Divided by the mitochondrial volume of 2.7E-16 liters and transformed to mmol/l Ref.1 Rattus norvegicus 9.47 mmol/L Rattus norvegicus (read in standard code) 1.43 mmol/L Florometra serratissima 3.97 mmol/L Melipona bicolor 15.53 mmol/L Bos taurus 10.74 mmol/L Homo sapiens 9.39 mmol/L

1. Schwerzmann K, Cruz-Orive LM, Eggman R, Sänger A, Weibel ER (1986) Molecular architecture of the inner membrane of mitochondria from rat liver: A combined biochemical and stereological study. J Cell Biol 102:97–103.

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