DOCSLIB.ORG

Strengthening Action to Accelerate the Eradication of Forced Labour

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Strengthening Action to Accelerate the Eradication of Forced Labour Strengthening action to accelerate the eradication of forced labour, modern slavery, human trafficking and child labour in West and Northern Africa: Opportunities and Challenges Discussion paper for the West and North African sub-regional consultation on the Alliance 8.7 Prepared by Yaw Ofosu 1. Introduction The United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), officially The 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development, constitute an ambitious set of international goals aimed at “[ending] all forms of poverty, [fighting] inequalities and [tackling] climate change, while ensuring that no one is left behind.”1 Child labour, forced labour, human trafficking and contemporary forms of slavery are, undoubtedly, some of the most egregious manifestations of poverty and inequality. As we will see below, despite significant progress in lowering poverty levels in recent decades, notably under the Millennium Development Goals, reducing the number of children in child labour, and promoting laws and policy measures tackling forced labour, modern slavery and human trafficking, large numbers of men, women and children remain trapped in situations of abuse and exploitation. Many more also live in situations that make them vulnerable to such forms of abuse. Effective action to end these practices requires multi-dimensional. Goal 8 of the SDGs seeks to “promote sustained, inclusive and sustainable economic growth, full and productive employment and decent work for all.” Its 10 substantive targets cover, inter alia: the achievement of rapid per capita economic growth in Least Developed Countries (LDCs); enhanced productivity in labour-intensive sectors; significant reductions in the proportion of youth not in employment, education or training; and protection of labour rights and promotion of safe working environments for all workers.2 Target 8.7 commits the international community to Take immediate and effective measures to eradicate forced labour, end modern slavery and human trafficking and secure the prohibition and elimination of the worst forms of child labour, including recruitment and use of child soldiers, and by 2025 end child labour in all its forms.3 In addition to Goal 8, several of the other SDGs are relevant to the achievement of decent work for all and the elimination of the exploitative practices and abuses covered by Target 8.7. Examples include targets under poverty (Goal 1), hunger (2), health and well-being (3), education (4), gender equality (5), industry and infrastructure (9), reduced inequalities (10), and peace, justice and strong institutions (16). In view of the interconnected and mutually reinforcing nature of the 17 goals and 169 targets, the SDGs as a whole provide an integrated framework, at both national and international levels, for addressing child labour, forced labour, human trafficking and modern slavery. The SDGs envisage country-led implementation through the alignment of national policies and programmes with the global goals, using multi-stakeholder partnerships as a key implementation strategy (SDG Target 17.16). This approach fits well with the cross-sectoral nature of the problems underlying Target 8.7. Given their scale and complexity, the attainment of Target 8.7 requires concerted, focused and broad-based action, active participation and close collaboration by many actors: governments, employers’ and workers’ organizations, international organizations, non-governmental organizations, faith- based organizations, the media, and academia. In this regard, the ILO is working with other stakeholders to establish Alliance 8.7, a Global Alliance to eradicate forced labour, 1 UN (2015). Available at: http://www.un.org/sustainabledevelopment/development-agenda/. 2 For a full list of the 17 goals and their targets, see (UN, 2015). 3 See UN (2015). 1 modern slavery, human trafficking and child labour. The objective is to bring all concerned parties together to join forces in achieving the target. In the process, the partnership will contribute to the attainment of other SDGs, notably those relating to poverty (Goal 1), education (4), gender equality (5), decent work (8), reduced inequalities (9), and peace and justice (16). The present paper looks at the considerable opportunities and potential momentum offered by the 2030 Agenda for achieving effective, timely and long-lasting results in the fight against child labour, forced labour, human trafficking and modern slavery in Africa, and the challenges that need to be overcome. The paper aims at informing discussions among ILO constituents and partners in Western and Northern Africa on the establishment, strategy and functioning of Alliance 8.7. 2. Forced labour, modern slavery and human trafficking in Africa 1. Forced labour can take several different forms, including debt bondage, trafficking and other forms of modern slavery. The ILO defines forced labour as “all work or service which is exacted from any person under the threat of a penalty and for which the person has not offered himself or herself voluntarily.”4 The framework for defining forced labour is provided by the ILO Forced Labour Convention, 1930 (No. 29), the Abolition of Forced Labour Convention, 1957 (No. 105), and the recent ILO Protocol of 2014 to the Forced Labour Convention (P 29) and Recommendation 2014 (No. 203). The Protocol to Prevent, Suppress and Punish Trafficking in Persons of the United Nations Convention against Transnational Organized Crime, often referred to as the Palermo Protocol, defines trafficking in persons as “the recruitment, transportation, transfer, harbouring or receipt of persons, by means of the threat or use of force or other forms of coercion, of abduction, of fraud, of deception, of the abuse of power or of a position of vulnerability or of the Box 1: ILO classification of forced labour: giving or receiving of payments or benefits to Forced labour imposed by the state: all forms of work exacted by achieve the consent of a person having control public authorities, military or paramilitary, compulsory participation in public works and forced prison labour in over another person” for sexual exploitation, contravention of ILO Conventions 29 and 105. forced labour, slavery and similar practices, Forced labour imposed by private agents for sexual exploitation: any commercial sexual activity, including pornography, exacted 5 servitude and the removal of organs. Thus, from the victim by fraud or force. from these definitions, forced labour is closely Forced labour imposed by private agents for labour exploitation: includes bonded labour, forced domestic work, forced labour of related to trafficking, as affirmed by the migrants in many economic sectors and work imposed in the Protocol of 2014 to the Forced Labour context of slavery or vestiges of slavery; forced illicit activities. Convention (No. 29), the obvious exception Source: ILO (2014b, p. 5) being trafficking for organ removal. Similarly, “almost all slavery practices, including 4 Convention No. 29, Article 2. 5 Article 3. The text of the Convention and its Protocols is available here: https://www.unodc.org/unodc/treaties/CTOC/. [August 2016] 2 trafficking in people and bonded labour, contain some element of forced labour.”6 Following the ILO definition, forced labour encompasses trafficking for labour and sexual exploitation as well as other contemporary forms of slavery. The present paper uses “forced labour” in this broader sense. 2. The ILO estimates the number of people who are victims of forced labour around the world at 20.9 million (ILO, 2012).7 Of these, 14.2 million (65 per cent) were victims of labour exploitation by individuals and enterprises in the private economy, in sectors such as agriculture, fishing, construction, manufacturing and domestic work; 4.5 million (22 per cent) were victims of forced sexual exploitation; and 2.2 million (10 per cent) in state-imposed forced labour, such as prison work under conditions contravening relevant ILO standards, and work imposed by state or rebel armed forces. Women and girls constituted 55 per cent of the victims, compared to 45 per cent men and boys. Over a quarter (26 per cent) were aged 17 years or lower (5.5 million children).8 Africa (including North and sub-Saharan Africa) had the second largest number of victims, 3.7 million (18 per cent of the total), after Asia and the Pacific (11.7 million). Box 1 provides details of the three categories used by the ILO in its global estimates of forced labour. 3. There is a lack of reliable statistical data on the incidence of the various forms of forced labour in Africa.9 According to a typology of forced labour occurring in Africa by Dottridge (2005), prevalent forms include: adults and children forced to work or earn money for others (in their home country, in another country in Africa, or in a country outside Africa); forced recruitment of adults and children into armed groups, as combatants or as civilian workers; adults and children forced to carry out public works or communal tasks by traditional chiefs or other political authorities, including forced labour in prisons for the personal benefit of individuals; and children forced to work, other than for their own parents, particularly as domestic servants or child soldiers or in prostitution. Other forms include adults and children forced to work by individuals with religious authority, services which the members of one social or ethnic group are required to provide to another, cases related to traditional slavery, and servile marriage or work involving
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Indigenous Peoples' Access to Decent Work and Social
    INTER-AGENCY SUPPORT GROUP ON INDIGENOUS PEOPLES’ ISSUES THEMATIC PAPER towards the preparation of the 2014 World Conference on Indigenous Peoples INDIGENOUS PEOPLES’ ACCESS TO DECENT WORK AND SOCIAL PROTECTION JUNE 2014 Thematic Paper on Indigenous Peoples’ Access to Decent Work and Social Protection The United Nations Inter-Agency Support Group (IASG) on Indigenous Issues aims to strengthen cooperation and coordination among UN agencies, funds, entities and programmes on indigenous peoples’ issues and to support the UN Permanent Forum on Indigenous Issues. It also seeks to promote the effective participation of indigenous peoples in relevant international processes. At its annual meeting held in October 2013, the IASG decided to develop a set of collaborative thematic papers to serve as background information and analysis on key issues to contribute to the process and preparations for the World Conference on Indigenous Peoples. The preparation of each paper was led by one or more agencies with inputs from other IASG members. The papers do not present or represent formal, official UN policy positions. Rather, they reflect the collective efforts of the Inter-Agency Support Group to highlight selected key issues and to provide substantive materials to inform the Conference, with a view to contributing to the realization of the rights of indigenous peoples. *The chair of the IASG rotates annually amongst the participating agencies. The Support Group has been chaired by the United Nations Children’s Fund (UNICEF) until the end of the 13th session of the Permanent Forum on Indigenous Issues in May 2014. The Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights (OHCHR) is currently holding the chair of the Group.
    [Show full text]
  • How Inequality Defines Women's Work in Asia
    OXFAM ISSUE BRIEFING JUNE 2016 Factory workers step out of their shuttle bus as their shift ends. Hlaing Thar Yar Industrial Zone, Yangon, November 2015. Photo: Kaung Htet/Oxfam UNDERPAID AND UNDERVALUED: HOW INEQUALITY DEFINES WOMEN’S WORK IN ASIA Rising economic inequality across Asia is threatening poverty reduction and slowing down the fight against gender inequality. Although the region has experienced economic growth, the bottom 70 percent have seen their income share fall while the share for the top 10 percent has increased rapidly. Low wages and a lack of rights at work, particularly for women, are at the heart of this scandal. At the same time, women are subsidizing the economy with a disproportionate responsibility for unpaid care work. Achieving living wages and recognizing, redistributing and reducing unpaid care work could support both economic and gender equality in Asia and should be prioritized by both governments and businesses. www.oxfam.org 1 INTRODUCTION For women across Asia, access to decent work and a living wage represents a fundamental pathway out of poverty, and one of the best ways to counter the dangerous tide of growing economic inequality. Yet in recent decades, working people, in rich and poor countries alike, have received a smaller and smaller slice of the economic pie, while those who own capital have seen their assets grow disproportionately. Low wages for the majority of people, and particularly for women, are at the heart of this scandal. At the same time, women continue to carry out the majority of unpaid care and domestic work, which is essential to keep economies functioning but is unrecognized and undermined in policy making.
    [Show full text]
  • Integrating New Data to Assess Risks of Forced Labour in Agriculture India Country Methodology for Pilot
    Integrating new data to assess risks of forced labour in agriculture India Country Methodology for Pilot Report produced for the ISEAL Alliance Innovations Fund project “Integrating new data to improve risk assessments and detection of forced labour vulnerability in agricultural supply chains” December 2018 Disclaimer This report should be taken only as a source of information and analysis. It is not given, and should not be taken, as legal advice and the provider Ergon Associates Ltd of the information will not be held liable for any direct or consequential Unit 1, 9A Dallington St. +44 20 7713 0386 loss arising from reliance on the information contained herein. London EC1V 0BQ ergonassociates.net Contents Executive Summary 3 1.1 Overview ............................................................................................................................................... 3 1.2 Key points on the India Country Indicator methodology .................................................................... 3 1.3 Turning root causes into indicators..................................................................................................... 3 1.4 How to use the indicator methodology ............................................................................................... 6 1.5 Key points on remediation options for India ...................................................................................... 7 2. Overview of project 9 2.1 Project background .............................................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Ghana MINIMAL ADVANCEMENT in 2019, Ghana Made a Minimal Advancement in Efforts to Eliminate the Worst Forms of Child Labor
    Ghana MINIMAL ADVANCEMENT In 2019, Ghana made a minimal advancement in efforts to eliminate the worst forms of child labor. The government committed to use the Trafficking in Persons Information System developed by the International Organization for Migration to improve case tracking and inter-ministerial coordinated responses. However, children in Ghana continue to engage in the worst forms of child labor, including in fishing and cocoa harvesting, each sometimes as a result of human trafficking. Prohibitions related to the commercial sexual exploitation of children do not meet international standards as the use of children in pornographic performances is not criminally prohibited, and the law also does not prohibit the use of children for illicit activities, including for the production and trafficking of drugs. Additionally, the government has not acceded to the United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child Optional Protocol on the Sale of Children, Child Prostitution and Child Pornography, and resource constraints severely limited the government’s abilities to adequately enforce labor laws and implement social programs during the reporting period. I. PREVALENCE AND SECTORAL DISTRIBUTION OF CHILD LABOR Children in Ghana engage in the worst forms of child labor, including in fishing and cocoa harvesting, each sometimes as a result of human trafficking. (1,2) Table 1 provides key indicators on children’s work and education in Ghana. Figure 1. Working Children by Sector, Table 1. Statistics on Children’s Work and Ages 5-14 Education Children Age Percent Services Working (% and population) 5 to 14 13.0 (927,591) 17.6% Attending School (%) 5 to 14 89.9 Industry Combining Work and School (%) 7 to 14 13.2 3.7% Primary Completion Rate (%) N/A 93.8 Source for primary completion rate: Data from 2018, published by UNESCO Institute Agriculture for Statistics, 2020.
    [Show full text]
  • Ghana - Researched and Compiled by the Refugee Documentation Centre of Ireland on 26 February 2010
    Ghana - Researched and compiled by the Refugee Documentation Centre of Ireland on 26 February 2010. Re: Information on the extent of the practice of Trokosi in Ghana Section III of the United States Department of State 2009 Report on International Religious Freedom for Ghana under the heading ‘Status for Societal Respect for Religious Freedom’, states: “Government agencies, such as the Commission on Human Rights and Administrative Justice, continued to campaign against Trokosi, a practice in the Volta region of pledging youth (commonly young females) to extended service at indigenous shrines. Afrikania and other supporters of traditional African religious groups continued to accuse human rights NGOs of misrepresenting their beliefs and regarded government and NGO campaigns against Trokosi as religious persecution.” (United States Department of State (26 October 2009) 2009 Report on International Religious Freedom – Ghana) Section 2c of the United States Department of State 2008 Country Report on Human Rights Practices, under the heading ‘Freedom of Religion’, states: “Trokosi, a practice indigenous to the southern Volta region, involves pledging family members, most commonly female teenagers, to a period of service from a few months to three years at a local shrine to atone for another family member's sins. Trokosis helped with the upkeep of these shrines and poured libations during prayers. Government agencies, such as the Governmental Commission on Human Rights and Justice (CHRAJ), and some NGOs have at times actively campaigned against
    [Show full text]
  • MODERN DAY SLAVERY in GHANA: WHY APPLICATION..., 13 Rutgers Race & L
    MODERN DAY SLAVERY IN GHANA: WHY APPLICATION..., 13 Rutgers Race & L.... 13 Rutgers Race & L. Rev. 169 Rutgers Race & the Law Review Fall 2011 Note Sainabou M. Musa a1 Copyright (c) 2011 Rutgers Race and the Law Review. All rights reserved.; Sainabou M. Musa MODERN DAY SLAVERY IN GHANA: WHY APPLICATION OF UNITED STATES ASYLUM LAWS SHOULD BE EXTENDED TO WOMEN VICTIMIZED BY THE TROKOSI BELIEF SYSTEM Introduction Imagine that it is the year 1998 and you are a slave. Although slavery, in and of itself, may arguably be the worst living condition, imagine that there are different scenarios that could make your life as a slave worse. What would they be? Would it be worse if you were a five-year-old who, for no other reason than the fact that you are a *170 virgin and related to someone who owed a favor to the gods, was subjected to a lifetime of repeated sexual and physical abuse? Maybe your life as a slave would be made worse by knowing that it was your own parents, who for all intents and purposes love you dearly, who assented to you becoming a slave? Would you despair? Or would you pray that someone does something? Let's pretend that you prayed--and that your prayers were answered: the government has outlawed slavery and has stated, quite convincingly, that anyone who forced a child to become a slave would be prosecuted. You are excited; you think, “This is it! I can soon go home and be free.” So you wait. You wait for your master to declare you free.
    [Show full text]
  • The International Labour Organization and the Quest for Social Justice, 1919–2009
    The International Labour Organization and the quest for social justice, 1919–2009 The International Labour Organization and the quest for social justice, 1919–2009 Gerry Rodgers, Eddy Lee, Lee Swepston and Jasmien Van Daele INTERNATIONAL LABOUR OFFICE GENEVA Copyright © International Labour Organization 2009 First published in paperback in 2009 by the International Labour Office, CH-1211, Geneva 22, Switzerland First published in hardback in 2009 by Cornell University Press, 512 East State Street, Ithaca, NY 14850, United States (available for sale in North America only) Publications of the International Labour Office enjoy copyright under Protocol 2 of the Universal Copy- right Convention. Nevertheless, short excerpts from them may be reproduced without authorization, on condition that the source is indicated. For rights of reproduction or translation, application should be made to ILO Publications (Rights and Permissions), International Labour Office, CH-1211 Geneva 22, Switzerland, or by email: [email protected]. The International Labour Office welcomes such applications. Libraries, institutions and other users registered with reproduction rights organizations may make copies in accordance with the licences issued to them for this purpose. Visit www.ifrro.org to find the reproduction rights organization in your country. The International Labour Organization and the quest for social justice, 1919–2009 Gerry Rodgers, Eddy Lee, Lee Swepston and Jasmien Van Daele International Labour Office. – Geneva: ILO, 2009 ISBN 978-92-2-121955-2 (paperback) ILO / role of ILO / ILO standard setting / tripartism / workers rights / quality of working life / social security / promotion of employment / poverty alleviation / decent work / history / trend 01.03.7 Also available in hardback: The International Labour Organization and the quest for social justice, 1919–2009 (ISBN 978-0-8014-4849-2), Cornell University Press, Ithaca, NY, 2009.
    [Show full text]
  • Stopping Forced Labour and Slavery-Like Practices the ILO Strategy
    Stopping forced labour and slavery-like practices The ILO strategy According to ILO’s most recent global estimate, there are at least 20.9 million victims of forced labour, trafficking and slavery in the world today. About 90 per cent of today’s forced labour is exacted in the private economy, primarily in labour intensive industries such as manufacturing, agriculture and food processing, fishing, domestic work and construction. While global interest in combating forced labour has grown exponentially in recent years, responses still fall far Our vision is that no short of addressing the full scale and scope of the problem. person, of any age, race, origin or religion, any- Forced labour affects the most vulnerable and least protected where, spends a day of people, perpetuating a vicious cycle of poverty and depend- his or her life working ency. Women, low-skilled migrant workers, children, indigenous under duress and suffer- peoples and other groups suffering discrimination on different ing degrading or inhu- grounds are disproportionally affected. ILO’s strategy seeks to man treatment. address root causes of forced labour both by empowering vul- nerable people to resist coercion at work and by addressing the factors that allow unscrupulous employers to profit from their exploitation. Eliminating forced labour is therefore an important contribution to the achievement of the Millennium Development Goals. The overall goal of ILO’s strategy is a global reduction in forced labour and related practices of at least 30 per cent by 2015, equivalent to some 6 million fewer people trapped in work against their free will. In order to successfully achieve these goals, the ILO would require an annual allocation of 15 million US$ .
    [Show full text]
  • Child Labour in Ghana: Descriptions and Recommendations Trabalho
    1 UNIVERSIDADE ESTADUAL DE CAMPINAS INSTITUTO DE ECONOMIA MARY AWOTWE Child labour in Ghana: Descriptions and Recommendations Trabalho infantil em Gana: Descrições e Recomendações Campinas 2020 2 UNIVERSIDADE ESTADUAL DE CAMPINAS INSTITUTO DE ECONOMIA MARY AWOTWE Child labour in Ghana: Descriptions and Recommendations Trabalho infantil em Gana: Descrições e Recomendações Prof. Dr. Magda Barros Biavaschi – Orientadora Master's Thesis presented to the Graduate Program in Economic Development of the Institute of Economics of the State University of Campinas to obtain the title of Master in Economic Development, in the area of Social and Labor Economics. Dissertação de Mestrado apresentada ao Programa de Pós-Graduação em Desenvolvimento Econômico do Instituto de Economia da Universidade Estadual de Campinas para obtenção do título de Mestra em Desenvolvimento Econômico, área de concentração: Economia Social e do Trabalho. ESTE EXEMPLAR CORRESPONDE À VERSÃO FINAL DISSERTAÇÃO DEFENDIDA PELO ALUNO MARY AWOTWE E ORIENTADA PELA PROF. DR. MAGDA BARROS BIAVASCHI. Campinas 2020 3 Ficha catalográfica Universidade Estadual de Campinas Biblioteca do Instituto de Economia Luana Araujo de Lima - CRB 8/9706 Awotwe, Mary, 1983- Aw6c AwoChild labour in Ghana : descriptions and recommendations / Mary Awotwe. – Campinas, SP : [s.n.], 2020. A w o Orientador: Magda Barros Biavaschi. Aw Dissertação (mestrado) – Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Economia. A wo 1. Trabalho infantil - Gana. 2. Educação. 3. Pobreza. I. Biavaschi, Magda Barros, 1948-.
    [Show full text]
  • Prevalence and Impacts of Child Labour in Agriculture
    Helpdesk Report Prevalence and impacts of child labour in agriculture Becky Carter with Keetie Roelen Institute of Development Studies 5 May 2017 (revised version 20 October 2017) Question Where is child labour in agriculture most prevalent and what are the impacts of this labour on children? This query will identify and summarise evidence on: • Where is the biggest issue of child labour in agriculture? Which countries? Which supply chains? Which farm structures? • How are gender roles and age differences reflected in the understanding about child labour in agriculture and supply chains? • Do any other features of marginalisation stand out in the literature e.g. caste, household income? • In what situations is child work/labour in agriculture/agricultural supply chains most harmful and dangerous? • In what contexts might child work in agriculture/agricultural supply chains lead to beneficial outcomes such as learning new skills etc.? Contents 1. Overview 2. Child labour and child work 3. Data 4. Prevalence 5. Gender roles and age differences 6. Other features of marginalisation 7. Most harmful and dangerous situations 8. Contexts for beneficial outcomes 9. References The K4D helpdesk service provides brief summaries of current research, evidence, and lessons learned. Helpdesk reports are not rigorous or systematic reviews; they are intended to provide an introduction to the most important evidence related to a research question. They draw on a rapid desk-based review of published literature and consultation with subject specialists. Helpdesk reports are commissioned by the UK Department for International Development and other Government departments, but the views and opinions expressed do not necessarily reflect those of DFID, the UK Government, K4D or any other contributing organisation.
    [Show full text]
  • Effect of Child Labor and Performance on Child Relationship with Head in Rural Areas of Niger State, Nigeria
    International Journal of Economics and Financial Issues ISSN: 2146-4138 available at http: www.econjournals.com International Journal of Economics and Financial Issues, 2016, 6(3), 892-900. Effect of Child Labor and Performance on Child Relationship with Head in Rural Areas of Niger State, Nigeria Abdulmumini Baba Alfa1,2*, Mohammed Zaini Abd Karim3 1Department of Economics, IBB University, Lapai, Nigeria, 2Othman Yeop Abdullah Graduate School of Business, Universiti Utara Malaysia, Kedah, Malaysia, 3Othman Yeop Abdullah Graduate School of Business, Universiti Utara Malaysia, Kedah, Malaysia. *Email: [email protected] ABSTRACT In assessing the impact of child labor hours and educational performance on child relationship with head, an analytical model was developed based on the theories of Basu and Van (1998), and Fan (2011). Empirical data were obtained from socio-economic survey (SES) 2014, with a sample size of 845 primary school pupils ranging from 10 to 14 years of age from 435 households in Suleja local government rural districts. The result from logit analysis shows that non-biological child engage in more hours of work than the biological child. Equally, children from the households that earn income below subsistence level work more hours, with negative impact on performance than those from households that earn income above subsistence. The use of extra-curricular activities social capital was therefore recommended to curb to reduce child participation in labor and enhance child school performance. Keywords: Labor, Performance, Foster, Income, Rural JEL Classifications: D10, J22, J23, J24, O15 1. INTRODUCTION According to Anadolu Agency (AA) (2013) earlier research, about 48 million engaged in child labor in Sub-Saharan African with 15 Child labor activities and low school performance by children million children from Nigeria topping the entire region.
    [Show full text]
  • National Plan of Action Phase Ii (Npa2) for the Elimination of The
    REPUBLIC OF GHANA NATIONAL PLAN OF ACTION PHASE II (NPA2) FOR THE ELIMINATION OF THE WORST FORMS OF CHILD LABOUR IN GHANA (2017 – 2021) TOWARDS ACHIEVING SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT GOAL (SDG) 8.7 International Labour Organization National Plan of Action Phase II (NPA2) For the Elimination of the Worst Forms of Child Labour in Ghana - 2017 – 2021 NATIONAL PLAN OF ACTION PHASE II (NPA2) FOR THE ELIMINATION OF THE WORST FORMS OF CHILD LABOUR IN GHANA (2017 – 2021) Towards achieving Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) 8.7 International Labour Organization 3 National Plan of Action Phase II (NPA2) For the Elimination of the Worst Forms of Child Labour in Ghana - 2017 – 2021 4 National Plan of Action Phase II (NPA2) For the Elimination of the Worst Forms of Child Labour in Ghana - 2017 – 2021 TABLE OF CONTENT Acknowledgement 8 Abbreviations 9 1. Introduction 11 2. Child labour in Ghana 14 2.1. Definition of child labour 14 2.2. Incidence of child labour 16 2.3. Causes of child Labour 17 2.4. Consequences of Child Labour 19 2.5. National stance against child labour 19 3. Summary of national effort against child labour 21 4. Overall Approach and Guiding Principles 24 5. Key Issues to be Addressed, Objectives and Agreed Actions 27 PART 1: UPSTREAM INTERVENTIONS 29 Strategic Objective1: Reinforcing public awareness and strengthening advocacy for improved policy programming and implementation of child development interventions 29 Major Issue1: 31 There is low public awareness on child labour and insufficient advocacy on child development interventions 31 Expected Outcome 1.1:the Ghanaian Society is well-informed on the rights of children and mobilized to support the fight against child labour.
    [Show full text]