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Mántidos (Dyctioptera: Mantodea) Del Estado De Sinaloa

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Mántidos (Dyctioptera: Mantodea) Del Estado De Sinaloa ISSN: 2448-4768 Bol. Soc. Mex. Ento. (n. s.) Número especial 3: 42-48 2017 MÁNTIDOS (DYCTIOPTERA: MANTODEA) DEL ESTADO DE SINALOA Aarón Emilio Vásquez-Quintero Unidad Académica Escuela de Biología, Universidad Autónoma de Sinaloa, Ciudad Universitaria, Avenida Universitarios S/N, C. P. 80030, Culiacán de Rosales, Sinaloa, México. *Autor para correspondencia: [email protected] Recibido: 12/04/2017, Aceptado: 15/05/2017 RESUMEN: El objetivo de este estudio fue establecer un nuevo listado sobre el orden Mantodea del estado de Sinaloa. Se recolectaron especímenes en 10 sitios del estado de Sinaloa. Se utilizó el método de captura directa y fueron sacrificados en alcohol al 96 %. Posteriormente fotografiados e identificados con diversas claves taxonómicas del orden. Sumando las especies encontradas en este estudio con las reportadas en distintos trabajos, se registra un total de 20 especies para el estado de Sinaloa, las cuales representan a cuatro familias y 11 géneros. Se realizarán trabajos posteriores buscando incrementar la cantidad de especies que se tienen reportadas para Sinaloa. Palabras clave: Mantis, distribución, zona neotropical, zona neártica, Sinaloa. Mantids of the state of Sinaloa (Dyctioptera: Mantodea) ABSTRACT: The main objective of this study was to establish a new list about the Mantodea Order of the state of Sinaloa. Specimens were collected at 10 sites in the state of Sinaloa. The specimens were captured by hand and sacrificed in alcohol at 96%. Subsequently photographed and identified with various taxonomic keys of the Order. Summing up the species found in this study with those reported in different studies, a total of 20 species are recorded for the state of Sinaloa, which represent four families and 11 genera. Further work will be done to increase the number of species reported for Sinaloa. Keywords: Mantis, distribution, Neotropical zone, Neartic zone, Sinaloa. INTRODUCCIÓN El nombre Mantodea deriva de la palabra griega "mantis" que significa profeta o vidente, es una referencia al hábito de los mántidos por mantenerse durante largos periodos de tiempo con sus patas delanteras retraídas, una actitud que recuerda a una persona rezando (Agudelo-Rondón et al., 2007). La monofilia de Mantodea está bien apoyada por la presencia de patas delanteras raptoriales, un post- clípeo bien definido, un cepillo femoral, un sistema de lamelas, la pérdida de un dentículo en la molleja y los neuromeros abdominales II y III fusionados al complejo de neuromeros en el segmento torácico III y el segmento abdominal I (Svenson y Whiting, 2004), otras características que destacan en este grupo son: una cabeza triangular con mandíbulas ortognatas, grandes ojos compuestos, tres ocelos conspicuos, pronoto alargado y amplio movimiento del cuello (Medellín et al., 2007). Mantodea es un grupo cuyos miembros ocupan una diversidad de hábitats ampliamente distribuidos. Algunos grupos viven en densas selvas tropicales distribuidas alrededor del ecuador, mientras que otros viven en bosques áridos y desiertos de África a Australia (Svenson y Whiting, 2004), en los cuales juegan un papel vital en el control natural de insectos dañinos (Agudelo-Rondón et al., 2007). En el mundo se calculan 2,452 especies distribuidas en 445 géneros. Para el Neotrópico se han establecido 474 especies distribuidas en 91 géneros y en 6 familias, de las cuales Chaeteessidae, Mantoididae y Acanthopidae son exclusivas para el continente americano (Villalobos-M. et al., 2009), específicamente en México se han reportado 50 especies, pertenecientes a cinco familias y 21 géneros, 42 Vásquez-Quintero. Mántidos del estado de Sinaloa. distribuidas en 16 entidades, siendo Veracruz, Oaxaca, Guerrero, Tabasco y Chiapas, las que cuentan con mayor número y diversidad de especies y registros (Pedraza-Mariño, 2011). Los listados de la fauna del orden Mantodea en Sinaloa son escasos, sólo se tiene un listado formal hecho por Hebard (1922) el cual incluye 11 especies, algunas revisiones del orden reportan la distribución de algunas especies en Sinaloa, sin embargo, es evidente la falta de un inventario completo sobre las especies de Mantodea. Los estudios faunísticos son importantes ya que nos permiten aumentar el conocimiento de la distribución de las especies y para generar información que pueda ser utilizado en futuras ocasiones destinadas a definir y/o mantener las áreas de conservación de la biodiversidad (Menezes et al., 2013) Este trabajo tiene como objetivo hacer una actualización al listado de mantodeos que se tiene para Sinaloa, modificándose el trabajo realizado por Hebard (1922) con registros de revisiones del orden y datos que se han registrado en campo. MATERIALES Y MÉTODO Sinaloa se encuentra ubicado en La Zona de Transición Mexicana (ZTM). Es un área que se encuentra en el conjunto de cordilleras continentales de México: Sierra Madre Occidental, Sierra Madre Oriental, Eje Neovolcánico, Sierra Madre del Sur y las Sierras de Chiapas, hay grupos con relación tanto Neártica como Neotropical que interdigitan sus distribuciones formando un entramado que se conoce como Zona de Transición Mexicana de Montaña o bien como Región Mesoamericana de Montaña (Miguez-Gutiérrez et al., 2013, Espinosa-Organista et al., 2008). También se la ha definido como una zona híbrida (Miguez-Gutiérrez et al., 2013). Las características de los sitios de recolecta fueron obtenidos de la Comisión Nacional para el Conocimiento y uso de la Biodiversidad (CONABIO, 2012) y del sistema Google Earth (Google-Inc, 2017) (CONABIO, 2012, Google-Inc, 2017): Aguacaliente, Sinaloa: 24º 03’ 50.54” N y 106º 38’ 31.14” O, 120 msnm, Bosque Tropical Caducifolio; presenta un clima Cálido Subhúmedo. Centro de Estudios Justo Sierra (CEJUS), Surutato, Sinaloa: 25° 48' 30" N y 107° 33' 36" O, 1500 msnm, Bosque de Pino-Encino; tiene un clima Templado, subhúmedo. Culiacán, Sinaloa: 24º 47’ 18.06’’ N, 107º 23’ 17.56’’ O, 70-80 msnm, Bosque Espinoso y Bosque Tropical Caducifolio, Clima semiárido, cálido. Ejido de Cabazán, San Ignacio, Sinaloa: 23º 51’ 41.05” N y 106º 32’ 08.7” O, 466 msnm aproximadamente, Bosque Tropical Caducifolio, Bosque Espinoso; presenta un clima Cálido Subhúmedo. El Carmén, San Ignacio, Sinaloa: 23° 51’ 26.9’’ N y 106° 30’ 13.8’’ O, 236 msnm aproximadamente, Bosque Tropical Caducifolio, clima Cálido Subhúmedo. El Salado, Sinaloa: 24º 30’ 27.22’’ N, 107º 09’ 38.36’’ O, 100-105 msnm, Bosque Espinoso y Bosque Tropical Caducifolio, Clima semiárido, cálido. Jitzamuri, Ahome, Sinaloa: 26º 13’ 29.5’’ N y 109º 17’ 23.6’’ O, 1 msnm, Bosque Espinoso, Clima muy árido y cálido. Los Mochis, Sinaloa: 25º 47’ 16.80’’ N, 108º 59’ 36.90’’ O, 15-20 msnm, Bosque Espinoso, Clima muy árido y cálido. Reserva Ecológica del Mineral de Nuestra Señora de la Candelaria (REMNSC), Cosala. Sinaloa: 24º 24’ 10.90” N y 106º 36’ 31.08” O, 550 msnm Bosque Tropical Caducifolio; presenta un clima Cálido Subhúmedo. Unidad deportiva, Cósala, Sinaloa: 24º 24’ 45.80’’ N, 106º 41’ 29.10’’ O, Bosque Tropical Caducifolio, Clima cálido subhúmedo. 43 Bol. Soc. Mex. Entomol. Número especial 3: 42-48 2017 Los individuos fueron recolectados de manera directa, depositados en frascos con alcohol al 96 % e inmediatamente fotografiados antes que el alcohol dañara la coloración de los individuos. Se utilizó un celular LG G3 STYLUS con una cámara de 13 MP para fotografiar a los organismos en campo y de cuerpo completo y un microscopio digital Dino-elite modelo AM4013MZTL con 1,3 megapíxeles para tomar fotos a las estructuras de importancia taxonómica para su identificación. La identificación de los individuos se basó en los trabajos de Hebard (1922), Giglio-Tos (1927), Hebard (1931), Rehn (1935), Rehn (1951), Terra (1995) y Maxwell (2013). RESULTADOS Y DISCUSIÓN Fueron capturados 55 especímenes del orden Mantodea, siendo representadas tres familias, incluyendo nueve géneros y 11 especies. La familia más abundante registrada en este estudio fue Mantidae (42), seguida por Thespidae (12) y por último Mantoididae con un sólo espécimen. Listado de mántidos de Sinaloa. Acanthopidae Burmeister, 1838 Acanthopinae Burmeister, 1838 Acanthops bidens Hebard, 1922 Distribución: Especies relacionadas hacia el norte, Sinaloa; Venvidio, Sinaloa (Hebard, 1922). Mantidae Burmeister, 1838 Amelinae Westwood, 1889 *Litaneutria minor Scudder, 1872 Distribución: Giglio-Tos (1927) la reporta en Estados Unidos y México, posteriormente Ball et al. (1942) la reporta en Arizona, Washington, Montana, México. *Jitzamuri, Ahome, Sinaloa *Yersinia mexicana Saussure, 1859 Distribución: Hacia el sur (sólo México), Venvidio, Sinaloa, Villa Unión, Sinaloa (Hebard, 1922), Giglio-Tos (1927) aparte de México, la reporta para Estados Unidos. Hebard (1931) vuelve a reportarla para Sinaloa, y hacia el sur de México . *San Ignacio, Sinaloa; Aguacaliente de los Yuriar, Sinaloa; Reserva Ecológica del Mineral de Nuestra Señora de la Candelaria. *Yersiniops sophronica Rehn & Hebard, 1908 Distribución: Áreas rocosas en el cinturón gigante de cactus-palo verde en la parte más baja de Sonora al sur de Arizona, de Tucson a Sacaton (Ball et al., 1942). *Unidad Deportiva de Cosala, Sinaloa. *Yersiniops newboldi Herbad, 1931 Distribución: Sur de EUA, parte baja de California (Hebard, 1931). *Surutato, Sinaloa, México. Mellierinae Giglio-Tos, 1919 44 Vásquez-Quintero. Mántidos del estado de Sinaloa. *Melliera major Saussure, 1872 Distribución: Hebard (1922) la reporta en Venvidio, Sinaloa; Los Mochis, Sinaloa; hacia el sur hasta Guatemala. Giglio-Tos (1927) es mas especifico en
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