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THE ARCHAEOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF OHIO Editorial Office Business Office 199 Converse Drive 1150 Virginia Ave. Plain City, Ohio 43064 Columbus, Ohio 43212

Officers President — John Sarnovsky, 423 Washington Ave., Elyria, Ohio 44035 1970 Vice President - Ensil Chadwick, Route 3, Mt. Vernon, Ohio 43050 1970 Executive Secretary - Larry Cronkleton, 1337 Cambrian Ct., Columbus, Ohio 43220 . . 1970 Recording Secretary — Ed R. Hughes, 121 E. Russell Ave., West Lafayette, Ohio .... 1970 Treasurer - J. Grant Keys, PO Box 637, Elyria, Ohio 44035 1970 Trustees Kenneth Black, R.R. No. 2, Mt. Vernon, Ohio 43050 1970 Harley W. Glenn, 1394 W. Third Ave., Columbus, Ohio 43212 . . 1970 Summers A. Redick, 35 W. Riverglen Dr., Worthington, Ohio 43085 1970 Leonard H. Brown, R. F. D. No. 3, Newcomerstown, Ohio 43832 1972 Dorothy L. Good, 15 Civic Drive, Grove City, Ohio 43123 . . . 1972 Jack Hooks, R. D. No. 5, Mansfield, Ohio 44903 1972

Editorial Staff and Publications Committee Editor - Robert N. Converse, 199 Converse Drive, Plain City, Ohio 43064 Technical Editor—Raymond S. Baby, The Ohio State Museum, N.High & 15th Ave., Columbus, O. Associate Editor-Martha A. Potter, The Ohio State Museum, N. High & 15th Ave., Columbus, O. Chairman of Regional Collaborators — Richard Patterson, 519 Front St., Marietta, Ohio 45750 Regional Collaborators — John C. Allman, 1336 Cory Drive, Dayton, Ohio 45406 Jeff Carskadden, 2686 Carol Drive, Zanesville, Ohio 43701 Elmer H. Grimm, 7123 N. Murray Ridge Rd., Elyria, Ohio 44035 Olaf Prufer, Department of Anthropology, Kent State University, Kent, Ohio 44240 John Kinn, 335 W. South St., Fostoria, Ohio 44830 Jerry Hastings, Rt. 1, Box 411A-1, Ironton, Ohio 45638 Larry LaBounty, 1432 Lake Road, Conneaut, Ohio 44030 Claude Britt, Jr., 3401 N. Columbus, 26 H., Tucson, Arizona 85716 Ralph Servey, 1726 Baird Ave., Portsmouth, Ohio 45662 Kenneth Goodman, 2528 Swansea Rd., Columbus, Ohio 43221 Leonard H. Brown, Rt. No. 3, Newcomerstown, Ohio 43832 Ray Tanner, 5220 Warren Ave., Norwood, Ohio 45212

MEMBERSHIP AND DUES Annual dues to the Archaeological Society of Ohio are payable on the first of January as follows: Regular membership $5.00; Husband and wife (one copy of publication) $6.00; Sustaining $25.00. Funds are used for publishing the Ohio Archaeologist. The Archaeological "J Society of Ohio is an incorporated non-profit organization and has no paid officers or employees. The Ohio Archaeologist is published quarterly and subscription is included in the membership dues.

BACK ISSUES Back issues may be purchased at these prices: $1.50 per issue, set of 4 issues $5.50 except where one of the following issues is included; double issues $2.50 (Vol. 12, Nos. 1-2 Jan.-April, Nos. 3-4 July-Oct. 1962). Mail your remittance payable to The Archaeological Society of Ohio to Larry Cronkleton, 1337 Cambrian Ct., Columbus, Ohio 43220. Ohio Flint Types (Vol. 13, No. 4 Oct. 1963 revised) and Ohio Stone Tools (Vol. 16, No. 4 Oct. 1966) $2.00 each. Mail your remittance payable to The Archaeological Society of Ohio to Robert N. Converse, 199 Converse Drive, Plain City, Ohio 43064. Address all articles, personal news, queries, comments, etc., to the Editor. Address dues payments and questions related to dues to the Treasurer. Address membership applications and other correspondence to the Executive Secretary. OHIO ARCHAEOLOGIST VOLUME 21 TABLE OF CONTENTS NUMBER 4 Officers, Trustees, Editorial Staff second cover Editor's Page 109 An Archaic Gouge from Auglaize County, Ohio 110 Plummets in Ohio 111 A Perkiomen Broad Point Cache from Pennsylvania 112 Archaic Hafted Shaft Scrapers 113 How to Identify Projectile Points 114 A Note on Tar Burner Rocks 115 Earth Resistivity Archaeometric Field Tests 118 The Brown Mound Hopewellian Site in Muskingum County 119 Ohm's Law Aids the Archaeologist 121 The How and Why of the Fluted Point 122 "Rotten" Point 126 The Small Grooved Hammer 127 Double Grooved Axe from Van Wert County 129 An Unfinished Pipe 130

FRONT COVER

Three fine hematite plummets are pictured on the cover of the October issue of the Archaeologist. All three are from the collection of Dr. Stanley G. Copeland, Worthington, Ohio

108 Editor's Page

It seems that the last few months have seen dealer or trader will be more than willing to unusual activity in the fraudulent artifact bus­ have a piece examined by an expert. In add­ iness. This is not to say that the problem of ition, he will be willing to offer your money fakes has not always been with us, but more back if not satisfied. Be suspicious of some­ recently it has become particularly serious. thing for nothing — fluted points by the One antique publication which I receive has inch — birdstones of strange shape and exotic three ads offering "Indian Relics" — all of materials for a low price — 8 or 9 inch spears them are fraudulent. A letter from an Indiana sold by the inch — all being offered by un­ member tells of fraudulent material being off­ scrupulous dealers. Flint fish hooks — turtle ered for sale. A whole collection (the asking effigies — thunderbirds — snakes — eccentric price of which was several hundred dollars) flint pieces — are all nearly 100% fraudulent. was found to be completely fraudulent. Sel­ Axes and bannerstones, as well as other dom does one of our meetings go by that strange pieces, made of so-called cave onyx (a someone does not ask my opinion on the au­ soft material which would not last ten years thenticity of a piece — and in most cases it is buried in the ground let alone ten centuries) not genuine. I have seen collections of pat­ are all no good. Fancy and unusual slate ently fake material in the hands of novice col­ pieces are especially suspicious. lectors, most of it acquired by mail. The buyer must beware. Do not invest a lot But talking about the problems does not solve of money in Indian artifacts only to find that it. How can the buyer of an artifact be sure you have a worthless collection of fakes. he is not getting cheated. Unfortunately, There are plenty of good, genuine, artifacts there is no sure way of telling whether an for sale and on display at our meetings. When Indian artifact is genuine. The best way for in doubt ask one of your Fraudulent Artifact the buyer to protect himself is to become ac­ Committee members for an opinion or ask quainted with material which is known to be him for the name of a dealer you can trust. good — by studying collections of archaeolog­ The fake business can probably never be com­ ical material in museums; by talking with, and pletely eliminated but it can be brought examining collections of, more experienced under control by a little common sense and collectors; and by using common sense when reliance on those who are willing to help. buying. In the first place, any reputable

Robert N. Converse Editor

109 An Archaic Gouge from Auglaize County, Ohio

by Claude Britt, Jr. Dept. of Geochronology The University of Arizona Tucson, Arizona

As noted by Converse (1966:116), the lection it went into the collection of the late true gouge is an extremely scarce artifact in Dr. T. Hugh Young of Nashville, Tennessee. Ohio. This implement is a diagnostic artifact Dr. Stanley Copeland brought this specimen of the Archaic culture of the northeastern back to Ohio, and it was added to the Britt section of the United States. The gouge illus­ collection in 1964. trated in Figure 1 was originally collected in Converse, Robert N. Auglaize County by the late Dr. Leon 1966 Ohio Stone Tools. Ohio Archaeologist, Kramer of Columbus. From the Kramer col­ Vol. 16, No. 4. Columbus.

Fig. 1 (Britt) An Archaic gouge from Auglaize County, Ohio, a, side view; b, top view; c, underside view.

110 Plummets in Ohio: Their Probable Use and Cultural Affiliation by Jerry Hastings Route 1, Box 411A-1 Ironton, Ohio Plummets form a class of polished stone first capacity they might have performed the artifacts found in the Ohio Area, whose func­ additional service of sounding or feeling the bot­ tion was considered for many years to be pro­ tom, as modern fishermen (the writer included) blematical. This article attempts to describe employ a lead plummet-like sinker. plummets, to present a summary of the theo­ Robbins (1965:71) says: ries advanced over the years to explain their Prehistoric man was a fisherman as well as a hunter. Plummets and weights—probably line use, and to reveal their cultural affiliation. and net sinkers—have been identified as part of We are indebted to Fowke (1902:556) for his fishing equipment. the following description of plummets: Plummets have apepared in widely scatter­ The specimens known as plummets vary con­ ed parts of the eastern half of the United siderably in form, size, and degree of finish. The States including West Virginia, Ohio, Indiana, general shape is ovoid, sometimes quite slender, Illinois, Kentucky, and New York. They seem sometimes almost round; the ends may be either to be associated with Archaic complexes in blunt or pointed. They may be grooved near the middle or near either the larger or the smaller most areas. However, they evidently persisted end. Some have two grooves, some are only par­ as a cultural trait, at least in Ohio, until Mid­ tially grooved, while others have the groove ex­ dle Woodland times. Starr (1960:23), in de­ tending in the direction of the longer axis. Still scribing a Hopewellian earthwork that once others have only a crease, scarcely larger than a stood in what is now downtown Cincinnati, coarse thread; many are drilled or perforated; says: while a few have "necks" or slender prolonga­ tions at one end. All of these features may have By a slow process of erosion and excavation, been intended for the purpose of facilitating 33-Ha-227 has been destroyed. Fortunately, Dr. suspension, though in some instances it would Drake recorded the finds in his usual meticulous have required no little care and attention to pre­ manner. Artifacts mentioned by him include vent the pendant from hanging awry. five 'plummets', a circular 'ring figure made Although many people have referred to from cannel coal' with a deep groove in its outer plummets as plumbbobs, the resemblance is edge, a carved head and beak of an eagle, a frag­ only coincidental because they happen to re­ ment of thin copper with two perforations, a semble the plumbbob used by carpenters and thin copper tube, carved bone, galena, mica, bricklayers. Fowke (1902:556-557) quotes beads, marine shells, and copper spools with Henshaw who showed plummets to the Santa 'lint' around them. Barbara Indians on the Calfornia coast. They While plummets as a cultural trait might have told him that the artifacts were sorcery or survived later than Middle Woodland times, medicine stones which were employed by the the writer feels that they did not. Indians in curing the sick, in making rain, and Fowke, Gerard in various ceremonies. Fowke (1902: 1902 Archaeological History of Ohio. Ohio 558-559) also quotes Eells as saying that a State Archaeological and Historical chief of the Napa tribe in California told him Society, Columbus. that plummet-shaped artifacts were used as Ritchie, William A. charm stones to insure success in hunting and 1965 The Archaeology of New York State. in fishing. Other theories suggest that plum­ The Natural History Press, Garden City. Robbins, Maurice mets were used as pestles, spinning weights, 1965 The Amateur Archaeologist's Handbook. ornaments, bolas, and slingshots. Thomas Y. Crowell Company, New More recently, Ritchie (1965: 111), in dis­ York. cussing the occurence of stone plummets in Starr, S. F. the Frontenac phase of the Archaic in New 1960 The Archaeology of Hamilton County, York, has stated: Ohio. The Journal of the Cincinnati I believe the latter were employed as sinkers in Museum of Natural History. Vol. the hook-and-line or trot-line fishing, and in the XXIII, No. 1, Cincinnati.

111 A Perkiomen Broad Point Cache from Pennsylvania

by William Lorah 431 W. South Street Slatington, Pennsylvania

In the spring of 1966, Michael Guzick of grinding which characterizes this type of Slatington, Pennsylvania, was digging in a spear. sand flat exposed by the breakage of an old The larger of the two points is made of a dam on the Lehigh River. Located on the light tan jasper from the quarries of south­ Lehigh County side of the Lehigh water gap, eastern Pennsylvania. It is 5 7/8 inches long this area has yielded many artifacts of differ­ and 3 1/8 inches wide. The shorter point is ent cultures since the prehistoric Indians tra­ 5 5/8 inches long, 3 1/8 inches wide, and is versed this natural gateway to the north made of the finest grade of dark brown though the Blue Mountains. In association jasper from the area. Neither of the two with soapstone potsherds, the two fine spear points is thicker than one-quarter inch (Fig. points (Fig. 1) were uncovered lying one 2). Caches of artifacts such as these points above the other and facing in the same di­ are recognized as a trait of the transitional rection. They represent the final stage in the period between the Archaic and Woodland manufacture of Perkiomen Broad points, cultures. lacking only the final stem shaping and

Fig. 2 (Lorah) Lateral view Fig. 1 (Lorah) Two Perkiomen Broad points from Pennsylvania. of the points.

112 Archaic Hafted Shaft Scrapers

by Maurice S. Reardon P.O. Box 461 Butler, Ohio

Two hafted scrapers (Fig. 1), possibly re­ cross section, but has a more pronounced lated to the early Archaic period, were semi-circular form than does number 1. The found by the author while surface hunting reverse side is unworked and shows a rippled cultivated fields in Worthington Township, surface. The obverse side is chipped along Richland County, Ohio. They were both lo­ the curved edge and around the base. cated on a high terrace along the Clearfork The artifacts appear to have been made River north of Butler. for the purpose of scraping the bark from a Number 1 is of a golden, honey colored spear or arrow shaft. They form a specific flint. It is triangular in cross section. The tool type and are not made from broken reverse side is unworked but has a rippled projectile points. Number 1 was found with­ surface. There is some chipping around the in an area containing other Archaic material notch and along the base. The obverse side but yielding no pottery or polished stone shows pressure flaking along one side, tools. Number 2 was found by itself. around the notch, and on the base. Number 2 is made of blue black flint with some white spots in it. It also is triangular in

incurs **»JH

Fig. 1 (Reardon) Two Archaic hafted shaft scrapers.

113 How to Identify Projectile Points

by Jerry Hastings Route 1, Box 411A-1 I ronton, Ohio

Sooner or later, each new amateur archae­ C. Grinding: Most Archaic points will ologist asks himself these questions about the show basal grinding; Paleo-lndian points will projectile points he has in his collection: display both basal and lateral grinding in How old are the points I have? Who made most cases. Projectile points from other time them? This article was written to help peo­ periods are rarely ground. ple with little or no experience classifying If a projectile point appears to be a non­ projectile points begin to answer these ques­ descript type which cannot be easily identi­ tions. fied and assigned to a specific time period or References exist with which the novice culture, the following possibilities exist: may immediately identify some of the pro­ A. The point may be an unknown, un­ jectile points he has found. A must for reported type in the area where it was everyone is Ohio Flint Types by Robert found. Converse (1963), a publicaton of the Ar­ B. The point may be a type recognized chaeological Society of Ohio. Another refer­ in the locality where it was found, but has ence that is indispensable to new and to not yet been described in archaeological lit- experienced amateurs alike is Archaeology of eratu re. the Eastern United States by James B. Grif­ C. The point may be a type that has fin (1950), published by the University of been found outside the area over which it is Chicago Press. This book is extremely useful normally distributed. Since prehistoric Indi­ because it describes in detail the prehistoric ans travelled widely, it is important for both Indian cultures of Ohio and neighboring the new and the experienced amateur who is areas, and illustrates the artifacts which are seriously interested in archaeology to be­ associated with each. come familiar with the projectile point types Each projectile point displays certain char­ of other cultures that flourished in areas acteristics which may help in assigning it to that are near or adjacent to the region in a specific culture or to a specific time which he lives. period. Also, it should be noted here that few of A. Lithic material: The Paleo-lndians, the classic and well-made specimens of vari­ Early, Middle, and Late Woodland peoples, ous types of projectile points are hard to and the Fort Ancient preferred and used to identify. Other specimens are sometimes a varying degrees Ohio flints of the highest problem because they are broken, poorly quality. However, they also made projectile worked, or poorly reworked. Some points points and other tools from local cherts and appear to be atypical because the material nodular flint. In fact, chipped stone artifacts from which they are made was difficult to that are discovered on Late Woodland and chip. Fort Ancient sites—at least in the extreme If the amateur has a point that is hard to southern part of Ohio—are usually made of classify, he should submit it for identifica­ nodular flint and local cherts. tion to a professional archaeologist. The B. Configuration: Although projectile amateur who will make an effort to learn point shapes were duplicated in many differ­ more about projectile points by following ent time periods, there is at least one type the suggestions the writer has made will in the Ohio area that does not appear in acquire a deeper appreciation for the points early cultures. This is the triangular point he finds. Furthermore, the knowledge that which only makes its appearance on the late the amateur will gain will help him make a prehistoric time horizon in the Late Wood­ more significant contribution to archaeology. land, Fort Ancient, and Erie cultures.

114 A Note on Tar Burner Rocks

by James L. Murphy Department of Geology Case-Western Reserve University Cleveland, Ohio

Recently, Swauger (1968), Mortine tion as a drain, leading from the circle (1969), and Rist (1969) have described three downward to the edge of the rock. Swaug- circular rock carvings which they apparently er's photograph of the Circle Rock shows accept as prehistoric petroglyphs. Swauger this aspect of the tar kiln less clearly, but and Rist, it is true, do not specifically state the photograph of the same carving ac­ that the carvings reported by them are de­ companying the present article (Fig. 1) illus­ finitely aboriginal, but such seems to be trates the essential nature of this groove. their implication. It should be noted that The most unusual example of this type of the other Lawrence County, Ohio, carvings carving known to me was called to my at­ reported by Rist may well be prehistoric. tention about ten years ago by Mr. R. Max Mortine believes his carving to be aboriginal Gard, Lisbon, Ohio. Tar Burner Rock (Figs. and anticipates discovery of a campsite or 2 and 3) is located on the W. H. Vodrey village site associated with it. estate, Beaver Kettle Farm, NE %, SW %, Although I have not seen the carvings NE % Section 3, St. Clair Township, Colum­ described by Rist and Mortine, a Society biana County, Ohio. It is a large flat float member—Mrs. Vivien Marshall, Salem, block of Lower Freeport sandstone, roughly Ohio—has taken me to the Circle Rock carv­ triangular in shape, measuring about 15 by ing described by Swauger. I am confident 12 by 18 feet. The longest side is dissected that it, as well as the circular carvings de­ by three major groups of branching grooves scribed by Rist and Mortine, represent cut in the top and front side of the rock. In pioneer tar kilns and are non-aboriginal. several instances, natural joints in the rock Such tar kilns have been reported by formed the main channel of each set. A Bright (1932) in Hocking County, Ohio, al­ fourth group of carved channels occurs on though they seem to be generally distributed the shortest side of the rock, but these do throughout the southern part of the state. not show well in the accompanying photo­ Bright describes their use in considerable graphs. The lack of carved circles on this detail and even provides a photograph of the rock suggests that pine boughs were simply South Bloomingville kiln in use, circa 1912. burned on top of the rock, not covered by The kilns in Bright's article are very similar kettles. to the carvings described by Swauger, Rist, The tar, incidentally, was utilized as axle and Mortine. They consist of a simple in­ grease for wagons; it was also employed for cised circle, generally 18 to 20 inches in medicinal purposes and was applied to do­ diameter, bisected by a straight incised mestic animals to ward off bot flies. It groove which continues from the circle to might be argued that tar was collected by the edge of the rock. The circle was design­ the Indians as well as the pioneers, but I ed to fit tightly around the mouth of a know of no instance in which the aborigines kettle placed upside down over pine boughs. are reported to have extracted pine tar in When a fire was built around the kettle, the this manner. boiling tar would flow out along the incised groove or drain. To facilitate flow of the Bright, Pascal A. liquid tar, several branching grooves were 1932, Making of Pine Tar in Hocking County, sometimes cut into the rock. Ohio Archaeological and Historical Mortine's photograph of the Curtis rock Quarterly, Vol. 41, No. 2, pp. 151-160. shows how the transverse groove could func­ Ohio Historical Society, Columbus.

115 Mortine, Wayne A. Swauger, James L. 1969 The Curtis Site Petroglyphs. Ohio Ar­ 1968 The Circle Rock Petroglyphs Site, 36 chaeologist, Vol. 19, No. 2, pp. 51-52. By 13. Pennsylvania Archaeologist, Vol. Columbus. Nos. 3-4, pp. 52-54, Jenkintown, Penn­ sylvania. Rist, Don 1969 Stone Carvings of Lawrence County, Ohio. Ohio Archeologist, Vol. 19, No. 2, pp. 55-56. Columbus.

Fig. 1 (Murphy) Circle Rock carving, Beaver Co., Pennsylvania. Six-inch scale in center.

116 Fig. 2 (Murphy) Tar Burner Rock, Columbiana Co., Ohio. Six-inch chalked scale near center.

» r •*taMt T ~ * - V

Fig. 3 (Murphy) Tar Burner Rock, Columbiana Co., Ohio.

117 Earth Resistivity Archaeometric Field Tests

by Dr. Orrin C. Shane III Dept. of Sociology and Anthropology Kent State University Kent, Ohio

During the summer of 1968 the author refuse pits, four midden deposits, and one field tested the Goodman Earth Resistivity excavation unit opened in 1966. However, Archaeometer at two prehistoric sites in excavation also revealed several small midden Ross County, Ohio-the Morrison Village deposits not detected in any way by resistiv­ Site (Prufer and Andors 1967) and the Blain ity survey. Village Site (Prufer and Shane, in press). At Both at the Morrison Site and the Blain Morrison Village, an area 100 feet long and Village the archaeometer proved to be a use­ 16 feet wide was examined. This area lay ful tool for archaeological survey work. south of the excavation units explored in Large sub-surface features such as deep, 1965, but included one excavated refuse pit. midden-filled refuse pits were detected with The soil was of the Ross Fine Sandy Loam perfect accuracy. Large sheet midden de­ type (Petro 1967). Three resistivity anom­ posits, some only 2 to 4 inches in thickness, alies were recorded. Upon excavation, one were also detected, although smaller midden proved to be Pit-A, a refuse pit excavated deposits produced no resistivity anomaly. Al­ during the 1965 season. The second anomaly though the archaeometer should be further corresponded to a second refuse pit 36 tested under different soil conditions, these inches in diameter and 24 inches deep that preliminary tests show this instrument to be had not been detected in 1965. The third extremely sensitive and quite useful for de­ anomaly recorded a minor soil change where tecting sub-surface soil anomalies. a large sand deposit intruded into the loamy soil. The line separating these two deposits Petro, James H. was clearly indicated by a marked change in 1967 Soil Survey of Ross County, Ohio, soil resistivity. United States Government Printing At the Blain Village Site, an extensive test Office, Washington, D. C. was conducted over an area 100 feet long Prufer, Olaf H. and E. Andors and 20 feet wide. The test area crossed old 1967 The Morrison Village Site (33-Ro-3). In excavation units from the 1966 field work Studies in Ohio Archaeology, edited by and included a part of the site known to be O. H. Prufer and D. H. McKenzie, pp. rich in sub-surface features. The soil in this 187-219, Western Reserve University instance was of the Ross Silt Loam Type Press, Cleveland. (Petro 1967). Thirteen anomalies were re­ corded; excavations were conducted in an Prufer, Olaf H. and O. C. Shane, III area including 11 of these. In all 11 cases n.d. Blain Village and the Fort Ancient Tra­ resistivity anomalies corresponded with dition in Ohio. Kent State University buried archaeological features including six Press, Kent.

118 The Brown Mound Hopewellian Site in Muskingum County, Ohio

by Jeff Carskadden Zanesville, Ohio and Linda Slater Caldwell, Ohio

The George W. Brown Mound was origi­ E is made of an unidentifiable flint variety, nally located on the crest of a ridge above while F is fashioned from light yellow Flint Mays Creek in the headwaters area of Buf­ Ridge material. falo Fork, a major tributary of Wills Creek, From the type of projectile points found in Rich Hill Township, southeastern Musk­ it can be concluded that the Brown Mound 1 ingum County Ohio (NE /4. NW 'A, Sec. 36 was Hopewellian. Another Hopewellian or SE %, SW %, Sec. 25) (Fig. 1). The mound in Muskingum County is the Levina Brown farm was purchased by the Central Russell (Rollins Ford) Mound near Fulton- Ohio Coal Company; in 1951, 1952, or ham in the southwestern part of the county. 1953 bulldozing operations uncovered Cultivation turned up bones of a child ap­ human bones in the mound. Mrs. Mary proximately 6 years old along with a copper Slater, daughter of G. W. Brown, reports celt, a rectangular two-hole slate ornament, that the Ohio State Museum was contacted and a corner-notched projectile point identi­ and representatives allegedly from the cal to specimen B (Fig. 2) from the Brown museum removed at least one skeleton and Mound (Baby, 1962) (Raymond S. Baby, numerous beads in burial association. personal communication, August 1969). The Ohio State Museum, however, has no Rarely, however, can isolated hilltop record of any such excavations. It appears mounds such as the Brown site and the that individuals misrepresenting themselves Russell site be attributed to Hopewell. All removed the burial; all the data have been other hilltop mounds in Muskingum County lost. Fortunately, however, Mr. Brown, from which the authors have examined arti­ grandfather of the junior author, collected facts are Adena. With the exception of the several projectile points (Fig. 2) thrown out Brown and Russell mounds, Hopewellian by rodents burrowing in the mound years sites in the area are confined to workshops before the site was destroyed. in the Flint Ridge area and a few small Specimens A and B are Hopewellian farmsteads along the Muskingum River. In corner-notched points. Specimen A is made general, Hopewell sites are rare east of the of light gray flint with brown banding while Muskingum River, though adena sites are B is of dark gray and black banded material. comparatively common. It appears that a Both flint varieties can be found on the small enclave of Hopewellian Indians was, eastern end of Flint Ridge in Muskingum however, established east of the Muskingum County. Specimen C is a typical Hopewellian River in the vicinity of the Brown farm. On Snyders point and is made of white Flint the other hand, perhaps a group of Hopewells Ridge flint. Specimen D, probably a general­ were passing through the area when an impor­ ized Middle Woodland point, is chipped tant individual died. from black Upper Mercer flint. No com­ parative data are available on specimens E Baby, Raymond S. and F. They may, however, represent an 1962 Prehistoric Hand Prints, Echoes, Vol. 1, earlier occupation at the site that were ac­ No. 2, The Ohio Historical Society. cidentally incorporated into the mound fill. Columbus.

119 -t 10 Miles I ZT

m 6

1* MUSKINGUM r-H •H O \ « COUNTY GUERNSEY s COUNTY A 1 M -% MOUND r ' \ o J

NOBLE COUNTY C MORGAN 1 ^ COUNTY Fig. 1 (Carskadden and Slater) The Brown Mound.

Fig. 2 (Carskadden and Slater) Projectile points from the Brown Mound, Muskingum County Ohio For scale specimen A is five inches long.

120 Ohm's Law Aids the Archaeologist: An Improved Earth Resistivity Archaeometer by K. C. Goodman, 2528 Swansea Road, Columbus, Ohio Measurements of soil resistivity have been current flowing through the outer probes and used by geologists, civil engineers, and elec­ the voltage appearing across the inner probes, trical engineers for almost half a century. R. soil resistance can be determined by Ohm's J. C. Atkinson is credited with having been law. the first to use soil resistivity measurement A soil resistivity instrument for archaeolog­ for the detection of sub-surface archaeologi­ ical use should incorporate the following: cal features in 1946. Many techniques were 1. Use the four terminal method tried following Atkinson's application; how­ 2. Be quite portable and have good battery life ever, it appears that the advent of the 3. The "pump" or current generator to be a proton magnetometer in 1958 caused a de­ transistor square wave oscillator of approxi­ cline in the improvement and further devel­ mately 500HZ 4. The voltage detector to be a high gain, solid opment of soil resistance instruments for ar­ state amplifier with means to control the gain chaeological surveying. or sensitivity It would seem that magnetic surveying is 5. Null indicator to be a rugged current meter to the better method of detection in compari­ withstand field use. son with soil resistivity. This is true when 6. Relative resistance readings (specific resistiv­ one is working large sites, especially those ity readings not being necessary for archae­ representing an advanced pottery phase ology) to have digital readout. and/or a metalworking culture. In Ohio as Small features can be detected when the well as most of the United States, there are "pump" energy is limited to milliwatts and very few prehistoric sites where the indi­ the voltage detector is capable of high order cation of such a magnetic anomaly would be amplification. This fact makes possible a significant. On the other hand, a properly design which uses standard, easily obtained designed resistivity instrument is capable of batteries. detecting small areas of soil disturbance. The writer wishes to thank Dr. Orrin C. Many such disturbed areas do not contain Shane III, Kent State University, and his crew magnetized materials. Often pottery sherds for their assistance and enthusiastic coopera­ are so few in number per disturbance or pit tion in field testing the Earth Resistivity Ar­ that magnetic detection would be useless. chaeometer (ERA) during the summer of The publication of Science in Archaeology 1968, The ERA is manufactured by AVC, edited by Brothwell and Higgs (1963) caused Inc., Box 5724, Columbus, Ohio, 43221. the author to delve into survey methods. M. Brothwell, Don and Eric Higgs J. Aitken's Physics and Archaeology (1961) 1963 Science in Archaeology. Basic Books, provided adequate theoretic and basic infor­ Inc., New York. mation. The author has investigated a wide Aitkin, M. J. range of techniques for soil resistivity 1961 Physics and Archaeology. Interscience measurement; after much field testing it ap­ Publishers, New York. pears that the four terminal method is the best. The theory of the four terminal method of soil resistivity was developed by Dr. Frank Wenner of the U. S. Bureau of Standards in 1915. Basically, four probes are inserted into the soil in a straight line at equal intervals to a depth that is less than the distance between VOLTS probes. An alternating current is applied to RESISTANCE^ CURRENT the outer pair of probes and the voltage which appears across the inner pair of probes is Fig. 1 (Goodman) Diagram illustrating the four termi­ measured (Fig. 1). By knowing the amount of nal method of measuring earth resistivity. 121 The How and Why of the Fluted Point by David Waldorf Norwalk, Ohio Most amateur archaeologists who know of the most common one used in Ohio. the Paleo-lndians are acquainted with the (a) A core is obtained, usually of fluted points produced by these people, and good material. can recognize them at a glance. The fluted (b) The rough blank begins to take point is a most unusual projectile in that it shape as the piece is percussion appears to be unsuitable for fastening on a flaked with a hammerstone shaft. It is just a straight blade with a con­ (usually a quartzite pebble). cave base and a channel varying in length (c) In preparation for fluting, the running from the basal concavity up one or blank undergoes finer percussion both faces. These channels or flutes are flaking with an antler or hard­ made with great care and have a definite wood baton. purpose. (d) A striking platform is establish­ I have studied and practiced flint working ed by beveling the plane of one for four years and have experimented with of the faces, probably by light different tools and methods used in stone percussion blows. tool making. During the last year, I started (e) A carefully directed blow is to experiment with fluted points, and made now dealt to the platform, re­ several under controlled conditions. Accord­ moving a large spall from the ing to Prufer and Baby (1963:7-11) there face. This process is repeated are three fluting techniques: Fluting from a for the opposite face, straight base; Enterline fluting (also known producing, with luck, bifacial as triple-channel fluting); and the Folsom fluting. fluting technique. (f) The point is pressure retouched, 1. Fluting From a Straight Base (Fiq. then extensively ground with a 1) piece of coarse sandstone not This technique appears to have been

Fluting from Straight Bas

Enterline TechnlqiB

Folsom Technique

Fig. 1 (Waldorf) Techniques for making fluted points. (After Prufer and Baby 1963: Fig. 1).

122 only at the base but also on the I have tested these three methods with tang edges and laterally up the success, but it takes great skill and long blade. hours of practice to achieve a good result. We must have great respect for the Paleo- 2. Enterline Fluting (Fig. 1) lndian for he was a true artist. I used fine, This technique is used in combina­ colored glass and the best obsidian I could tions with other techniques such as obtain for my experiments. The Paleo- triple and single fluting, all on the Indians in Ohio did not use these materials same blanks. Enterline fluting and because they did not have them. Using glass its variances occur in Ohio on ap­ guarantees the best results and also helps the proximately 15% of all specimens Fraudulent Artifact Committee. I do not use recorded by the Paleo-lndian survey flint for the reproduction of rare artifacts. (Prufer and Baby 1963:9). (Steps a, To start with, a good core must be at b, c, and f shown in Fig. 1 are least 6 inches long and not more than one- virtually the same in all fluting pro­ half inch thick. The best ones are large and cesses. ) thin with good flat faces. The core is placed (d) Basal thinning is started with on a pad of soft leather that is draped over the removal of two smaller the thigh just above the knee (Fig. 2). It is channel spalls from one face by held between the thumb and fingers and can blows on platforms midway be­ be rotated around the leg to help find the tween the center of the blank correct angles. If it has square edges, then it and the basal corners. The re­ is beveled to make striking planes for the moval of these spalls forms a removal of thinning flakes. Beveling is not ridge in the center of the blank, needed for the opposite face if the plane of aiding the fracture of the center the unworked face is even with the flaked spall and also forming a striking one. Thus the edges and shape of the blade platform for easy removal of begin to take form. the center spall. There is a set of what I call "collision (e) The center spall is removed in angle" (Fig. 3), that is, the angles at which the same manner as the two the edge of the piece is struck. The angle is smaller spalls. measured from the direction of the blow to 3. Folsom Fluting Technique (Fig. 1) the plane of the face opposite the face In Ohio, this technique is rarely where the chip is to be removed, with the used apart from the Cumberland vertex near the point of collision. The angle points for which it is characteristic. of the chip that falls off should benearly the same as the angle of collision. One hundred (d) The striking platform is pre­ degrees to 145° is good for beveling; 145° pared by chipping and subse­ to 160°, for short, thick flakes; 16(T to quent grinding, thus forming a 170°, for long thinning flakes; and 170° to "nipple" at the center of the 175°, for fluting. The same angles can be basal concavity. used for pressure flaking when chips are (e) The fluting spall is struck off by pried off with an antler tip, and for indirect indirect percussion using a percussion. The latter method is used to wooden or bone punch struck flute Folsom points. by a hammerstone.

LEMHER PA"

THt&H Ml

Fig. 3 (Waldorf) Cross section of blank showing Fig. 2 (Waldorf) Placing the core on the leather pad. collision angles and respective fractures.

123 Now the blank has taken the shape of a tip and the other for a stabbing spear. Thus, lanceolate blade with a slight hump running the object of fluting was to thin the base up the center. The hump is formed by con­ and blade and to supply a channel in which trolling the length and size of the thinning the shaft could rest so the point will be flakes. The striking platform must be pre­ more stable. Large fluted points were evi­ pared with extreme care (Fig. 1,d, Figs. 4 dently used for stabbing spears and knife and 5), for this process helps to determine blades. The point could have been placed in the size and position of the flute. It is not a carefully carved groove in one end of the known whether the Indian held his breath wooden spear and lashed in place just above for the carefully directed blow that will the basal concavity with damp, stretched strike the flute off the face of the blade rawhide. When the hide dried, the point was (Fig. 1,e, Figs. 6 and 7). The blow must be quite stable. Whether glue made from hooves exact, hard, and rapid for the best results. I was known is debatable. For the lance, the have demolished, ruined and retouched small fluted point may have been held in a down to nothing many good blanks before I split shaft and lashed below the base, thus got the proper technique. In finishing his pinching the point in place. masterpiece (Fig. 1,f, and Fig. 8) the Indian The lance was approximately 4 feet long could be as liberal or conservative as he and was thrown by using the atlatl.[Tech. wished, but in most cases the point has Editor's Note: There is no evidence as yet of undergone extensive treatment. Some have the use of atlatls by the Paleo-lndians in the been found without grinding but very few Ohio Valley, although fragments have been lack both grinding and retouch. discovered at early sites in the West and There appears to be two ways of mount­ ing a fluted point (Fig. 9); one is for a lance

-ANUCft HXMMEA

NEW .STRIKING g^¥^ PLANE

Fig. 6 (Waldorf) Using antler hammer to strike spall Fig. 4 (Waldorf) Preparing blank for straight base from a straight base. fluting and positioning of blow for spall removal.

^S5B

nou naiou ofUMK tuowivc PJMcTWIE AH/TLER TIP

Fig. 5 (Waldorf) Preparing blanks for Folsom and Fig. 7 (Waldorf) Indirect method used in Folsom Enterline fluting by pressure chipping. fluting.

124 Southwest.] The atlatl is no toy. I am not a Editor's Note: Although the same techniques long-armed football player, but I have thrown were employed to make both Folsom and lances with it the length of a football field. Cumberland points, the exact relationships At shorter distances, I have thrown them between the people manufacturing them are half-way through compact bales of hay. The not clear.] Clovis points are believed to be point will remain in place in flight and on older than Folsom points and have a much impact. However, when the shaft is removed wider range of distribution including even the point comes off. A new point can be Alaska and South America. wedged in place and it is ready for another There are also derivatives of the fluted try. point, as well as other point types used in It seems wasteful that the Indian did not the same period as Clovis and Folsom. they bother to retrieve the point. Perhaps the differ slgihtly from east to west; the same shaft was more valuable than the point for points might have different names or be as­ good, straight shafts are difficult ot find. It sociated with slightly different cultures. For is easy to remove a hook from a fish's the East these points are unfluted fluted and mouth when he has swallowed it, but remov­ Ross county points (Prufer and Baby 1963: ing a point from the body of a 3-ton animal 15, 22), lanceolates, parallel-flaked lance- is a different story. Perhaps the older, more olates, and stemmed lanceolates (weak- skilled members of the group were manu­ shouldered stemmed points). For the West, facturing points in quantity so that it was there are Plainview, Midland, Agate Basin of easier for a young hunter to replace the Yuma, Sandia, Gypsum Cave, and Cody point. points. Folsom Man was the primary user of the The next time you look at a fluted point, atlatl and lance. We have learned of his perhaps you will not just think of the price actions and peculiar wastefulness from his tag or its rareness. Think of it as a timeless camp sites in New Mexico. His range was memento left by an artist who lived here in primarily in the Southwest; however, it is the time of the last Ice Age. thought that he did wander east of the Mis­ Prufer, Olaf H. and Raymond S. Baby sissippi. Here his points are known as Cum­ 1963 Palaeo-lndians of Ohio. Ohio Historical berland or Fish-Tailed Folsom points. [Tech. Society, Columbus.

Fig. 8 (Waldorf) Finishing steps, pressure retouch and grinding.

Fig. 9 (Waldorf) a. Mounting a Clovis point for a stabbing spear; b. Mounting a Folsom point for a lance.

125 // Rotten" Point

by Ray Pirtle larietta, Georgia

While surface hunting in a soybean field holes were probably caused by the decay of on the Paint Rock River in northern Ala­ an inclusion of limestone or some other soft bama, my son Charles and I found an un­ material. But the big mystery to us is how usual projectile point which we call the "rot­ this fragile point has survived, as these fields ten" point (Figs. 1 and 2). The material is have been in cultivation for over one hun­ gray chert with light blue mottling. It is 1 dred years. 5/16 inches long and 3/4 inch wide. The

Fig. 1 (Pirtle) Obverse of "rotten" point. Fig. 2 (Pirtle) Reverse of "rotten" point.

126 The Small Grooved Hammer

by William T. Sonnett 19 Second Street Cornwall-on-Hudson, N. Y.

the hafted stone hammer in his experimental In the April 1963 issue of the Ohio Ar- study, Flint Working Techniques of the chaeoloqist. Dr. Russel B. Long American Indian (1965). The hammers used (1963:44-46) describes a number of grooved in these experiments "varied from approxi­ stone hammers that were found surrounding mately five ounces to twelve ounces in the Hog Creek Marsh in the northern part of weight. . . ." (1965:11). Ellis concludes that Hardin County, Ohio. The author has col­ "for freehand work the hammer could not lected this same type of grooved hammer be very heavy and the handles had to be over this same area as well as along the held short in order that accuracy might be western edge of the Scioto Marsh in south­ obtained." Though care must be exercised, ern Hardin County. The statistics that Long this method "seems to find its best use in gives in reference (1963:44) to the 87 speci­ the roughing out of specimens from a thick mens he considers in his article are in agree­ spall and to supplement more refined pro­ ment with those that the author has taken cedures in the thinning of a specimen. The from his own collection of 23 specimens. method undoubtedly enjoyed rather wide Long states (1963:44) that in the cate­ use among the aborigines due to its simpli­ gory of weight, many specimens fall in the city " (1965:13). area of 12 ounces with one hammer noted 1 In conclusion it must be stated that there as high as 5 /2 pounds. The article does not are factors which confuse this argument. All indicate that some of the hammers found in of the grooved hammers found by the au­ this locality are very small. Of 23 specimens thor, large and small, have been found on collected by the author, six weigh less than occupation sites as opposed to flint work­ 5.1 ounces and are less than 2 inches in shops. On large flint workshops near Round­ length. Five of the six were found adjacent head, Ohio, only one 14 ounce specimen to the Hog Creek drainage and one was was found, yet pitted and unpitted hammer- found near the Scioto River. All of the small stones abound. Furthermore, the discovery hammers are of the three-quarter grooved of 24 grooved stone hammers of all sizes, variety, as are 95% (Long 1963:44) of the along with five pestles, on a small, somewhat standard-size grooved hammers found in this isolated, and apparently single component locality. site in northwest Hardin County, points to­ Pictured in Figure 1 is a three-quarter ward an agricultural use such as harvesting grooved hammer which has a long axis of 1 nuts. Still, anyone who has cracked or pul­ 5/8 inches and weighs 2.7 ounces. The pur­ verized hickory nuts or walnuts must admit pose of a hammer this small is puzzling. that a 3 to 5 ounce hammer is not the ideal Long states (1963:45) that the larger ham­ tool; indeed, any fist-sized rock would serve mers "had many uses such as cracking nuts, better at this task. breaking bones for marrow, working hides, and driving pegs." This explanation is Ellis, H. Holmes reasonable and acceptable for larger speci­ 1965 Flint-Working Techniques of the Ameri­ mens, but it is hard to believe that a ham­ can Indian, reprinted by The Ohio mer weighing less than 3 ounces could be Historical Society, Columbus. used efficiently or effectively for any of these purposes. Long, Russel B. It is the author's opinion that the smaller 1963 The Grooved Stone Hammer. The Ohio hammers were used for working flint by Archaeologist, Vol. 13, No. 2, pp. direct percussion. H. Holmes Ellis discusses 44-46. Columbus.

127 Fig. 1 (Sonnett) This three-quarter grooved hammer measures 1 5/8 inches at its greatest axis, and weighs 2.7 ounces. It was found by the author in Liberty Township, Hardin County, Ohio, in 1966. It is made of granite.

I 3 I I

Fig. 2 (Sonnett) Shown here are three small grooved hammers. The one on the far right has been broken by use. The complete specimens are two of three that were found within 10 feet of one another in 1967 by the author. They weigh (I to R) 3.7 ounces and 4.1 ounces. The two outside specimens are made of granite, the center one of an unidentified but lighter stone.

128 Double Grooved Axe from Van Wert County

by Jim Feasby 749 N. Washington Van Wert, Ohio

Early this spring while surface hunting I It appears that the second groove was found a small grooved stone axe (Figs. 1 and pecked in the axe after the poll had been 2). It probably dates from the Archaic peri­ fractured down to the first groove by the od since it was associated with other Archaic prehistoric owner. This break would make material in the area where it was recovered. the axe difficult to haft. The damaged sur­ In addition, Robert Converse (1966:120) face has peck marks on it which smooth the classifies grooved axes as being Archaic in edges, indicating that the axe was broken origin. and then repaired. I believe that the second The artifact is made of green diorite and groove was made to facilitate hafting. Al­ is 3 1/8 inches long by 2 1/16 inches wide. though I cannot prove that the second It has two complete grooves, the second groove was made after the axe was broken, shallower than the first. There was no at­ it seems to be a logical assumption. tempt at polishing either groove, although Converse, Robert N. the blade is polished very smoothly down to 1966 Ohio Stone Tools. Ohio Archaeologist, the bit which comes to a very sharp edge. Vol. 16, No. 4. Columbus

Fig. 1 (Feasby) Obverse of double grooved axe. Fig. 2 (Feasby) Reverse of double grooved axe.

129 Mr. Richard S. Thompson L. E.Stutler Mrs. Dorman Stanhope Emmett W. Barnhart Elmhurst Place 3007 Trump Ave., S.E. R.F.D. 4 200 Northridge R. R.D. 3 Canton. Ohio 44707 Chillicothe, Ohio 45601 Circleville, Ohio 43113 Calcutta, Ohio 43920 Garry L. Summers Charles Anderson Dr. & Mrs. Wm. R. Bush Linda Slater 1915 4th St., N.W. 4219 North Avenue 1023Colonisl Blvd., N.E. Route 6 Canton, Ohio 44708 Cincinnati, Ohio 45236 Canton. Ohio 44714 Caldwell, Ohio 43724 C. W. Thompson Richard C. Coehl John J. Clark Charles A. Slocum 1119 Linwood Ave., S.W. 8300 Haskell Drive 414 23rd St., N.W. 3092 Northern Rd. Canton, Ohio 44710 Cincinnati, Ohio 45239 Canton, Ohio 44709 Calendonis, Ohio 43314 Robert Youels Ray E. Branscome Dennis R. Crist Lloyd A. Brockwell 1409 Yale Ave., N.W. 6875 Springdale Rd. Route 4 Box 661 Canton, Ohio 44703 Cincinnati, Ohio 45239 Circleville, Ohio 43113 Cambridge, Ohio 43725 Stanley Baker Dallas E. Burton Robert Ely J. D. Knapp, M. D. 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Smart Columbiana, Ohio 44408 Coshocton, Ohio 43812 Mr. & Mrs. Ronald Harris 1330Oakdale Ave. Richard Cochran Gregory D. Reddick 828 Palmer Rd. Dayton, Ohio 45420 R.F.D. 1 1748 Pareson Ave. Columbus, Ohio 43212 Charles J. Smith Conesville, Ohio 43811 Coshocton, Ohio 43812 Wm. G. Hutchison, M.D. 1131 Highland Ave. Mrs. Jeanette Shrimplin Charles Welker 622 Glenmont Ave. Dayton, Ohio 45410 Rt. 1 1311 Fairy Falls Dr. Columbus, Ohio 43214 Hubert C. Wachtel Conesville, Ohio 43811 Coshocton, Ohio 43812 Thyra B. Kabealo 29 Laura Ave. Keith & Clara Bennett Norman L. Wright, M. D. 65 Nottingham Rd. Dayton, Ohio 45405 205 Salisbury Rd. 24 Meadowbrook Way Columbus, Ohio 43214 Mr. & Mrs. James A. Wood Conneaut, Ohio 44030 Coshocton, Ohio 43812 Mr. & Mrs. Bernard Kenney 4440 Rosell Dr. Robert W. Blickensderfer David K. Frank 1104 Elizabeth Ave. Dayton, Ohio 45440 235 FifieldAve. 241 University Ave. Columbus, Ohio 43227 Donald R. Haupt Conneaut, Ohio 44030 Covington, Ohio 45318 Daniel J. Klinger 9582 Bridgeview Dr. Larry W. LaBounty Rick Alan Hesson 2270 Hanna Dr. Deerfield, Ohio 44411 1432 Lake Rd. 8690W.St. Rt. 185 Columbus, Ohio 43211 Randall L. Buchman Conneaut, Ohio 44030 Covington, Ohio 45318 Stephen C. Koleszar 124 Greer St. 4370 Westport Rd. Edward J. Rzeszutek, Jr. Virginia Kay Defiance, Ohio 43512 536 Gore Rd. 6605W. S.R. 41 Columbus, Ohio 43228 Francis M. Lenhart, M. D. Terry P. Marburger Conneaut, Ohio 44030 Covington, Ohio 45318 1075 E. 2nd St. 747 Montrose Ave. Alan Davis. Defiance, Ohio 43512 Columbus, Ohio 43209 Creola, Ohio 45622 133 Paul Bremigan Walter Richard Lee Cooper 204 Euclid Ave. Charles B. Stout 422 Union Ave. Route 2 Delaware, Ohio 43015 91 Redbank Dr. Dover, Ohio 44622 H. L. Chase Fairborn, Ohio 45324 Fresno, Ohio 43824 Nick M. Rini 199 No. Washington St. Charles H. Stout Ernest Fitch, Jr. 121 BetscherAve. R.D. 2 Delaware, Ohio 43015 91 Redbank Dr. Dover, Ohio 44622 Robert L. Harter Fairborn, Ohio 45324 Fresno, Ohio 43824 William R. Schneider 1873 Buttermilk Hill Rd. Rt. Gerald Brickman Harlan E. McCleary R.D. 3 Delaware, Ohio 43015 409 Locust St. RR 2 Dover, Ohio 44622 Barbara R. Martin Findlay, Ohio 45840 Fresno, Ohio 43824 Jerry L. Warner Findlay Public Library 154 Curtis St. Mr. & Mrs. Donn B. Buck 305 E. 3rd St. Delaware, Ohio 43015 206 Broadway 415 Amesbury Dr. Dover, Ohio 44622 William G. Owen Findlay, Ohio 45840 Gahanna, Ohio 43230 Frank Stratman RR 3 Eugene R. Franks Joseph M. Paese Box 264 Delaware, Ohio 43015 Route 5 3591 Pamela Dr. Dresden, Ohio 43821 William H. Paynter Findlay, Ohio 45840 Gahanna, Ohio 43230 Clarence W. Hagar 103 Pennsylvania Ave. Ed Galitza Carl M. Brofft RR 1, Box 78 Delaware, Ohio 43015 Ghost Town Museum Route 2 East Liberty, Ohio 43319 Mrs. Patricia Lees RR 4 Galena, Ohio 43021 Aboriginal Explorers Club Rt. 3, Box 296 Findlay, Ohio 45840 William H. Thomas, Jr. c/o John F. Mathias Delta, Ohio 43515 Merton R. Mertz Box 126 1164 Oak wood Ave. William P. Cummings 422 Third St. Gambier, Ohio 43022 George R. Lowell, Sr. 421 Jewitt Ave. East Liverpool, Ohio 43920 Findlay, Ohio 45840 12713 Christine Ave. Dennison, Ohio 44621 Robert A. Jackman Wayne L. Mertz Garfield Hts., Ohio 44105 William F. Cummings RD 1, Glenmoor 419 Third St. Welch W. Cottrill 421 Jewitt Ave. E. Liverpool, Ohio 43920 Findlay, Ohio 45840 Box 93 Dennison, Ohio 44621 Martha Fahey William T. Phillips Garrettsville, Ohio 44231 Roy Fisher P.O. Box 25 1302 Douglas Parkway Richard Dixon 416 Spring St. Edenton, Ohio 45117 Findlay, Ohio 45840 189 Eagle St. Dennison, Ohio 44621 Herbert E. Baerlin Robert L. Schafer Geneva, Ohio 44041 Dave W. Sands RR 2, Box 165 1821 Eastview Dr. Keir Steele R.D. 1 Edgerton, Ohio 43517 Findlay, Ohio 45840 P.O. Box 201 Dillonvale, Ohio 43917 Milton Burrier John D. Spitler Geneva, Ohio 44041 Dearn L. Driskill Box 69 231 W. Hardin St. Ralph C. Fork Box 73 Eldorado, Ohio 45321 Findlay, Ohio 45840 P.O. Box 32 Dola, Ohio 45835 Franklin Sturgeon Allen E. Fout Gibsonburg, Ohio 43431 Mr. George Bargdill Box 25 306 W. Dixon St. Norman Bahn P.O. Box 15 Elkton, Ohio 44415 Forest, Ohio 45843 713 North Ave. Donnelsville, Ohio 45319 Mr. & Mrs. Hubert Claburn George C. Halsey Girard, Ohio 44420 O. K. Brown, D.D.S. 214 West Rice St. Box 93 John S. Fay 400 Walnut St. Elmore, Ohio 43416 Forest, Ohio 45843 921 Beechwood Dr. Dover, Ohio 44622 Lester Deacon Richard L. Hoke Girard, Ohio 44420 Donn D. Foutz RR 1,S. River Rd. Fort Seneca, Ohio 44829 David M. Whitacre 115 Cross Elmore, Ohio 43416 Randall Swickard 1000 Beechwood Dover, Ohio 44622 David Combs Fort Seneca, Ohio 44829 Girard, Ohio 44420 John F. Gephart 1141 Melvyn Lane John D. Kinn Roy Dewitt 120 E. 2nd St. Elyria, Ohio 44035 335 W. South St. R.F.D. 1, Box 284 Dover, Ohio 44622 Mr. & Mrs. Dan R. Cragin Fostoria, Ohio 44830 Glenford, Ohio 43739 Wm. Roy Jennings 323 E. Ave., Apt. 4 Earl Walston Mr. & Mrs. Clifford Morris 322 E. 7th St. Elyria, Ohio 44035 RR4 Pleasant View Farm Dover, Ohio 44622 Ned R. Fertig Fostoria, Ohio 44830 Glenmont, Ohio 44628 Keith Kretzinger 222 E. 14th St. Thomas E. Porter Terry A. & Virginia A. Hiller RR 1 Elyria, Ohio 44035 R.F.D. 2 Box 231 Dover, Ohio 44622 Mrs. C. W. Fox Frankfort, Ohio 45628 Gnadenhutten, Ohio 44629 Joseph Lieser 225 LaGrange Rd. David B. Towell, Jr. Walter B. Reichman 423 E. 3rd St. Elyria, Ohio 44035 P.O. Box 62 124S. Chestnut Dover, Ohio 44622 Elmer H. Grimm Frankfort, Ohio 45628 Gnadenhutten, Ohio 44629 Jeff Miller 7123 N. Murray Ridge Rd. Francis W. Patten B. C. Schreiner 1310 E. 3rd St. Elyria, Ohio 44035 Franklin Furnace, Ohio 45629 220 Parkway Dover, Ohio 44622 J. Grant Keys Eli H. Bowman Gnadenhutten, Ohio 44629 J. L. Minard 409 Washington Ave. RR 2 Malcolm C. Young RR 1 Elyria, Ohio 44035 Fredericksburg, Ohio 44627 Box 376 Dover, Ohio 44622 George Rodachy John M. Ackerman Gnadenhutten, Ohio 44629 John Mitchell 10480 Indian Hollow Rd. P.O. Box 117 Robert L. Fogt 620 E. 4th St. Elyria, Ohio 44035 Fredericksburg, Ohio 44627 Box 82 Dover, Ohio 44622 John Sarnovsky William E. Craig Gomer, Ohio 45809 Walter Muster 423 Washington Ave. 112 E. 6th St. Bruce W. Gandee 126 E. Sixth St. Elyria, Ohio 44035 Frederictown, Ohio 43019 1871 W. Capel Rd. Dover, Ohio 44622 Mr. & Mrs. Phil Young Donald C. Hoeflich Grafton, Ohio 44044 Stanford A. Olson 424 Washington R.F.D. 3 Mr. Joe Janosko 207 S. Fairview Ave. Elyria, Ohio 44035 Fredericktown, Ohio 43019 RD2 Dover, Ohio 44622 Edward A. Chevalley Ernest E. Emrich Grafton, Ohio 44044 Mr. & Mrs. Russell Pershing 170 Royal Lane Box 255 617 Bush St. William S. Sabol 1011 Crater Ave. Enon, Ohio 45323 Fremont, Ohio 43420 348 N. Durkee Rd., Rt. 1 Dover, Ohio 44622 Thomas E. Frye Warren Leemaster Grafton, Ohio 44044 Dan Petrel la 20531 Crystal Ave. RR 2 Clyde Stephens 908 E. 3rd St. Euclid, Ohio 44123 Fremont, Ohio 43420 953 S. Durkee Rd. Dover, Ohio 44622 James G. Hovan Lawrence R. Shrout Grafton, Ohio 44044 John M. Pierson 18729 Abby Ave. 1449 Tiffin Rd. Paul R. Swiger 315 E. 19th St. (rear) Euclid, Ohio 44119 Fremont, Ohio 43420 70 Edgewood Dr. Dover, Ohio 44622 Grafton, Ohio 44044 134 H. C. Coovert Clarke Haney, Sr. Robert Carek B. T. Mallin RR 1 706 Buckhorn St. 1600 Westwood Ave. 422 Park Ave. Greenville, Ohio 45331 Ironton, Ohio 45638 Lakewood, Ohio 44107 Loveland, Ohio 45140 Elaine Holzapfel Dr. John J. Haney Charles J. Schnably Ralph Breech 753 N. Broadway 311'/2 3rd St. 1419 Lauderdale Ave. Route 2 Greenville, Ohio 45331 Ironton, Ohio 45638 Lakewood, Ohio 44107 Lucasville, Ohio 45648 Mr. & Mrs. Rufus Hovatter William Clarke Haney Sister Laura Marie Wayne McNamer RR 1 706 Buckhorn St. 14808 Lake Ave. Box 565 Greenville, Ohio 45331 P.O. Box 503 Lakewood, Ohio 44107 Lucasville, Ohio 45648 Jesse A. Ross Ironton, Ohio 45638 Sister Mary Denis, CSA Dewey Vallandingham R.F.D. 3 Mr. & Mrs. Robert.O. Hankins 14808 Lake Ave. R.R.4, Box 31 Greenville, Ohio 45331 RR 1, Box374-A Lakewood, Ohio 44107 Lucasville, Ohio 45648 Dorothy L. Good Ironton, Ohio 45638 William W. Tiell Lloyd A. Weddell 15 Civic Dr. Jerry Hastings 13435 Lake Ave. 552 Krotzer St. Grove City, Ohio 43123 Route 1, Box 411A-1 Lakewood, Ohio 44107 P.O. Box 323 Ernest G. Good Ironton, Ohio 45638 Mr. & Mrs. David E. McGraw Luckey, Ohio 43443 15 Civic Dr. Mr. & Mrs. James H. Langford Box 15 W. A. Wall Grove City, Ohio 43123 Rt. 1, Box 273 Lamira, Ohio 43753 555 North St., Rt. 48 Dwight snppiey Ironton, Ohio 45638 Larry Conrad Ludlow Falls, Ohio 45339 656 Glendale Rd. William P. Miller 714 Franklin Avenue Mrs. Hilda M. Hendee Grove City, Ohio 43123 603 S. 5th Lancaster, Ohio 43130 N. Broadway Mr. & Mrs. Robert E. Sturm Ironton, Ohio 45638 Steve Dillon Lynchburg, Ohio 45142 94 E. Cleveland Ave. Terrence Reedy 5735 Fairfield St., Rt. 4 Gary G. Smith Grove City, Ohio 43123 1824 Campbell Drive Lancaster, Ohio 43130 Box F Thomas Glover Ironton, Ohio 45638 Ray Mulrooney Lynchburg, Ohio 45142 Route 2 Don E. Rist 2279 N. Glenn Dr., N.E. Dr. G. F. Carr Guysville, Ohio 45735 621 S. 6th St. Lancaster, Ohio 43130 Box 275 Lawrence A. Gersbach Ironton, Ohio 45638 Stephen J. Parker Lyons, Ohio 43533 2551 Martha Lane Arthur A. Shaffer 1859 Frank Drive Walter Blum Hamilton, Ohio 45013 P.O. Box 60 Lancaster, Ohio 43130 Box 8550 Hopkins Rd. Joseph Carota Ironton, Ohio 45638 Harold M. Phillips Maineville, Ohio 45039 10284 New Haven Rd. Larry Wilson 626 E. Fair Ave. Victor B. Hiles Harrison, Ohio 45030 2105 S. 9th St. Lancaster, Ohio 43130 R. R. 2, Box 258 Mr. & Mrs. James Culley Ironton, Ohio 45638 Ronnie Shouldis Maineville, Ohio 45039 10185 New Haven Rd. Mr. & Mrs. Dennis J. Eaton 1323 Graylock, Ave. Carl B. Robinson Harrison, Ohio 45030 Box 431 Lancaster, Ohio 43130 Rt. 1, Box 61 Gene Heimberger Jackson Center, Ohio 45334 Charles Michael Suhr Malta, Ohio 43758 Box 781 Ralph Burrier 1052 James Road Mrs. Lexa Conway Hebron, Ohio 43025 Box 118 Lancaster, Ohio 43130 Rt. 2 Carl R. Fraley Jewett, Ohio 43986 Brian DaRe Manchester, Ohio 45144 477 Grandon Dr. Arthur J. Lewis 51 Liston Ave. Jack Bikar Hilliard, Ohio 43026 Box 271 Lansing, Ohio 43934 2385 Mercer Avenue Tom Simbro Jewett, Ohio 43986 Robert D. Lee Mansfield, Ohio 44906 Rt. 7, Box 203 John E. Vargo R.D. 1 Emmet O. Casler Hillsboro, Ohio 45133 Box 72 La Rue, Ohio 43332 R. 1, Franklin Church Rd. Richard H. Williams Jewett, Ohio 43986 Mr. Kay L. Palmer Mansfield, Ohio 44903 Route 6, Box 212 A Bruce Burden R.R. 2 Raymond R. Crawford Hillsboro, Ohio 45133 1022Allerton LaRue, Ohio 43332 1087 Grace St. Harry Abbott Kent, Ohio 44240 Barry R. Burk Mansfield, Ohio 44905 Abbott Rd., R.D. 1 Mr. & Mrs. Bruce Harkness 110 Center St. Douglas Hooks Hiram, Ohio 44234 726 W. Main St. Leipsic, Ohio 45856 460 Beethoven St. Pete F. Pelkowski Kent, Ohio 44240 Harold K. Steiner Mansfield, Ohio 44903 Front & Clark St. Serials Department 1 S. Water St. Jack Hooks Holloway, Ohio 43985 Kent State University Lewisburg, Ohio 45338 R.D. 5 Larry R. Heath Kent, Ohio 44240 Dr. Jim Baker Mansfield, Ohio 44903 113 Hooven Mr. & Mrs. Andrew K. Miller 2105 Wyandot Dr. Mr. & Mrs. M. Dean Majors Hooven, Ohio 45033 323 College Ct. Lima, Ohio 45806 169 Vennum Avenue Mr. & Mrs. John Vargo, Sr. Kent, Ohio 44240 Joseph Dunlap Mansfield, Ohio 44903 Box 284 Olaf H. Prufer 1632 Shawnee Road Donald S. Sheldon Hopedale, Ohio 43976 Dept. of Soc. & Anthro. Lima, Ohio 45805 97 Stewart Rd. So. Dave Mohler Kent State University Melvin D. Wilkins Mansfield, Ohio 44905 7273 Valley View Rd. Kent, Ohio 44240 Lot 23- 1643 Breese Rd. Mr. & Mrs. Duane Steiner Hudson, Ohio 44236 Kim Augur Lima, Ohio 45806 1727 Victoria Ct. William M. Jablonski Route No. 4 Con Ferguson Mansfield, Ohio 44903 406 Adams Ave. Kenton, Ohio 43326 191 W. High St. Robert N. Williams Huron, Ohio 44839 Henri A. Kerns, M.D. London, Ohio 43140 717 Woodville Rd. Carl Kamm R.R.4 Mr. & Mrs. John R. Parker Mansfield, Ohio 44907 R.D. 1 Kenton, Ohio 43326 57 S. Walnut St. G. E. McLain, Sr. Huron, Ohio 44839 Frank W. Otto London, Ohio 43140 Box 157 Daniel J. Kroesen 220 E. Columbus St. Robert L. Riddle Marengo, Ohio 43334 R.F.D. 1, Church Rd. Kenton, Ohio 43326 Route 1 Don I. Blue Huron, Ohio 44839 Alyce Evans Londonderry, Ohio 45647 613 Seventh St. Mrs. Wm. J. Waryas 1550 Beaver Ridge Dr. Mr. & Mrs. Adolph Mecera Marietta, Ohio 45750 6655 Oakwood Dr. Kettering, Ohio 45429 42957 N. Ridge Rd„ E. Leon E. Davis Independence, Ohio 44131 Wilbur L. Vorhees Lorain, Ohio 44055 Rt. 4 Frank D. Crowe 1104 Greenridge Dr. Mary K. Hagerman Marietta, Ohio 45750 1001 Kemp Ave. Kettering, Ohio 45429 4115 Paumier Ave., N.E. Reed J. Hallock Ironton, Ohio 45638 Donald McBeth Louisville, Ohio 44641 318 Muskingum Dr. Robert Davisson R.F.D. No. 1 Mrs. Raymond Meadows Marietta, Ohio 45750 Rt. 2, Box 295 Kingston, Ohio 4272 Meese Ave., N.E. Ironton, Ohio 45638 Louisville, Ohio 44641 135 Val L. Minch Frank Mihalic Mr. & Mrs. Myers D. Campbell Mr. & Mrs. Paul Winsch 510 Washington St. Box 37 205 Mt. Pleasant St. 585 Edgemont Road Marietta, Ohio 45750 Maynard, Ohio 43937 Mingo Junction, Ohio 43938 Newark, Ohio 43055 Richard P. Patterson Ross Goodwin Peter H. Diller Jerry Hecker 519 Front St. P.O. Box 113 R. F. D. 1 2120 Agosta Meeker Rd., N Marietta, Ohio 45750 McArthur, Ohio 45651 Mt. Cory, Ohio 45868 New Bloomington, Ohio 43341 James M. Stacy Kenneth A Mitchell John E. McVetta Ed. J. Schweinfurth Route 2 107 E. Mill Street 300 Lincoln St, Box 62 1416DeCliff Rd., N. Marietta, Ohio 45750 McArthur, Ohio 45651 Mount Cory, Ohio 45868 New Bloomington, Ohio 43341 Troy Ferguson W. E. Nelson James D. Miller Forrest C. Jones 546 Blaine Ave. P.O. Box 71 Route 1 R.F.D. 3 Marion, Ohio 43302 McClure Ohio 43534 Mt. Gilead, Ohio 43338 New Carlisle, Ohio 45344 Charles Herr Charles N. Anderson Thelma L. Steinhelfer W. R. Agricola, M.D. 7111 Harding Highway West RD4, 4104 Bagdad Rd. R.R. 1 777 Cross St. Route 3 Medina, Ohio 44256 Mt. Gilead, Ohio 43338 Newcomerstown, Ohio 43832 Marion, Ohio 43302 Dale F. Eyerdom Kenneth Black Leonard H. Brown Terry F. Kreis Rt. 2, 1050 Wilbur Road R. R.2 R.F.D. 3 415 S. Vine St. Medina, Ohio 44256 Mt. Vernon, Ohio 43050 Newcomerstown, Ohio 43832 Marion, Ohio 43302 Austin L. Keplar Helen Blades Clyde M. Casteel Eugene L. Sopczak 7800 Tower Rd. Rt. 2 509 Wood Ave. 389 Brentwood Dr. Medina, Ohio 44256 Mt. Vernon, Ohio 43050 Newcomerstown, Ohio 43832 Marion, Ohio 43302 James W. Rogers Mr. & Mrs. Daniel W. Chadwick Harold F. Haver Robert T. Wright Rt. 4, 4108 Weymouth Rd. 777 Upper Fredericktown Rd. R.R. 2 528 E. Church St. Medina, Ohio 44256 Mt. Vernon, Ohio 43050 Newcomerstown, Ohio 43832 Marion, Ohio 43302 Ray Scholz Mr. & Mrs. Ensil Chadwick Ronald H. Haver William T. Boyd Rt. 4, 2499 Remsen Rd. R.R. 3 R. R.2 1034 Sherwood Ave. Medina, Ohio 44256 Mt. Vernon, Ohio 43050 Newcomerstown, Ohio 43832 Marysville, Ohio 43040 Mr. & Mrs. Ronald Voorhees James A. & Regina M. Giffin Robert E. Keiser Mr. & Mrs. George Morelock 412 West Smith Road 309 E. Vine St. 220 Park Hill Dr. 700 W. Sixth St. Medina, Ohio 44256 Mt. Vernon, Ohio 43050 Newcomerstown, Ohio 43832 Marysville, Ohio 43040 Stephanie Voorhees Mark Kinney Marvin K. Loader David K. Batsche 412 West Smith Road 15 W. Chestnut, St. 504 W. Oak Street 300 W. Main St., Box 62 Medina, Ohio 44256 Mount Vernon, Ohio 43050 Newcomerstown, Ohio 43832 Mason, Ohio 45040 Thomas Voorhees Mr. & Mrs. J. D. Leache Arden J. Marlatt Adolph F. Bessler 412 West Smith Road 204 George St. R.R. 3 2922 Lincoln Way, N.W. Medina, Ohio 44256 Mt. Vernon, Ohio 43050 Newcomerstown, Ohio 43832 P. O. Box 444 Mrs. F. L. McElderry Lawrence D. Page Mr. & Mrs. Wayne A Mortine Massillon, Ohio 44646 3802 Tomahawk Dr. Route 2 Scott Drive, Oxford Heights Don W. Byrer Medway, Ohio 45341 Mt. Vernon, Ohio 43050 Newcomerstown, Ohio 43832 2433 Hankins Rd., N. W. Richard M. Ahlstrom O. W. Stanley Newcomerstown Public Library Massillon, Ohio 44646 8205 Litchfield Drive P.O. Box 751 Main Street Mrs. Judson M. Case Mentor, Ohio 44060 Mt. Vernon, Ohio 43050 Newcomerstown, Ohio 43832 3456 Southway Joan Palmer Mr. & Mrs. Dana Baker J. Henry Rothenstein Massillon, Ohio 44646 Box 138 Box 157 513 MulvaneSt. Mr. & Mrs. Julian C. Converse Middleburg, Ohio 43336 Mt. Victory, Ohio 43340 Newcomerstown, Ohio 43832 7251 Knight N.W. Dolores Hudson Dennis Baker James K. Tish Massillon, Ohio 44646 7194 Hetzler Road, R.R.4 Box 157 555 East Canal St. Ronald Dingier Middletown, Ohio 45042 Mt. Victory, Ohio 43340 Newcomerstown, Ohio 43832 1312 Lawn Ave., S. W. Mr. & Mrs. Tom Hawkins Willis M. Bahnsen, Jr. Paul G. Peck Massillon, Ohio 44646 P.O. Box 212 185-B DeRome Drive R.R. 1 D. Richard Getz Midvale, Ohio 44653 Napoleon, Ohio 43545 New Holland, Ohio 43145 2013ClearviewN. E. David L. Mazzie Milton Sigg Mervyn C. Nugent Massillon, Ohio 44646 P.O. Box 145 R.F.D. 3 14 East Washburn Harry E. Legge Midvale, Ohio 44653 Napoleon, Ohio 43545 New London, Ohio 44851 324 Ertle Ave., N.E. Mr. & Mrs. H.J. Ohler Clyde R. Keith Eugene C. Cline Massillon, Ohio 44646 Box 27 R.R. 3 R.R. 1 John Paul Riese Midvale, Ohio 44653 Navarre, Ohio 44662 New Matamoras, Ohio 45767 2176 Carmont, S.W. Tommy 'J' Price Mr. & Mrs. Richard W. Melson Ritner F. Holdren Massillon, Ohio 44646 Box 203 4949 Manchester Ave., S.W. R.R. 3, Box 41 Mr. & Mrs. W. A. Riese Midvale, Ohio 44653 R.D. 2 New Matamoras, Ohio 45767 23 Thirteenth St., S.W. George A. Reymond Navarre, Ohio 44662 James D. Bailey Massillon, Ohio 44646 Box 198 Garry Walter 1031 Miller Ave., N.W. Thomas B. Ross Midvale, Ohio 44653 6230 Bosford St., S.W. New Philadelphia, Ohio 44663 1721 Tenth St., N.E. Mr. & Mrs. Doyle E. Stafford Navarre, Ohio 44662 Mr. & Mrs. Norman Browning Massillon, Ohio 44646 Box 78 Mr. & Mrs. Raymond Dyke 222 2nd St. S.W. Mr. & Mrs. Ralph A. Rudolph Midvale, Ohio 44653 RD 1, Box 33 New Philadelphia, Ohio 44663 11290 Forty Corner Rd., N.W. William H.White, Jr. Negley, Ohio 44441 Grant Casper Massillon, Ohio 44646 R.R. 1 Box 125-A George O. Bucur 1000 4th St., N.W. Mr. & Mrs. Ralph Schoener Milford, Ohio 451.50 776 Maxola Ave. New Philadelphia,Ohio 44663 1205 Lincoln Way, N.W. Mr. & Mrs. Paul H. Kaufman Newark, Ohio 43055 Mrs. Ted Findley Massillon, Ohio 44646 Star Road Mr. & Mrs. Clyde Daily 113 Commercial Ave. S.E. Gary L. Shanklin Millersburg, Ohio 44654 R.F.D. 1, Wild Hills Farm New Philadelphia, Ohio 44663 3301 Pigeon Run Rd., S.W. Benny Lahm Newark, Ohio 43055 Gary Gordon Gasser Massillon, Ohio 44646 Route 3 Mr. & Mrs. Eugene A. Gough Route 2 Fred L. Taylor Millersburg, Ohio 44654 176S. Pine St. New Philadelphia, Ohio 44663 Box 470 James D. Dutcher Newark, Ohio 43055 Masury, Ohio 44438 Box 295 Mr. & Mrs. Howard G. Smith Mr. & Mrs. Henry W. Green 1859 E. High Ave., Ext. William E. Dauer Millersport, Ohio 43046 295 S. 21st St. 1342 Cranbrook Dr. Harry R. Pay ton Newark, Ohio 43055 New Philadelphia, Ohio 44663 Maumee, Ohio 43537 Route 2, Box 212 Minford, Ohio 45653 136 Mr. & Mrs. James Green John N. Boland Robert N. Converse William B. Herbert Route 4 12147 York Road Box 271 RR 1 New Philadelphia, Ohio 44663 No. Royalton, Ohio 44133 Plain City, Ohio 43064 Radnor, Ohio 43066 Paul D. Hahn, M.D. James M. Overhuls Robin N. Converse Mr. & Mrs. Roy Plymale 122 Moore Ave., N.W. 114 West Main St. c/o Robert N. Converse Box 133 New Philadelphia, Ohio 44663 Norwalk, Ohio 44857 199 Converse Dr. Radnor, Ohio 43066 Hilbert L. Hoffman David Waldorf Plain City, Ohio 43064 Darl J. Fifer 185 Wabash Ave., N.W. 26 Stoutenburg Drive Perry E. Snider 5118 New Milford Rd., R.D. 5 New Philadelphia, Ohio 44663 Norwalk, Ohio 44857 R.F.D. 1 Ravenna, Ohio 44266 Mr. & Mrs. Robert J. Jenkins Evan H. Purviance Plain City, Ohio 43064 Mr. & Mrs. Michael A. Spinelli, Jr. 2134 E. High Ave. R.F.D. 1 Gene Hart 359 No. Freedom St. New Philadelphia, Ohio 44663 Norwhich, Ohio 43767 Box 485 Ravenna, Ohio 44266 Mr. & Mrs. Glenn G. Kerns Bruce F. Hanny Plainfield, Ohio 43836 Fred F. Posgai 142 Ray Ave., N.E. 140 East Main Street Gene Rankin R.D. 2 New Philadelphia, Ohio 44663 Oak Harobr, Ohio 43449 8 Chesterton Dr. Rayland. Ohio 43943 Herbert E. McConnell Wilbur F. Peters Poland, Ohio 44514 Herbert Cronkleton 739 3rd St., N.W. R.F.D. 3, Box 105 Bob Harmon RR 1 New Philadelphia, Ohio 44663 Oak Harbor, Ohio 43449 Box 4 Ridgeway, Ohio 43345 Mr. & Mrs. Floyd Makee Ernest Humberger Portage, Ohio 43451 Phillip Sieg 2401 Woodville Road 1142 Oak St., N.W. Clifford Alan Scott RR 1 Oregon, Ohio 43616 New Philadelphia, Ohio 44663 2042 Harbor Rd. Ridgeway, Ohio 43345 Mr. & Mrs. Stanley R. Walters V. R. Marsh Port Clinton, Ohio 43452 David E. Bigelow 603 Robindale Avenue 617 E. High Ave. Eugene L. Aeh R. 1 Oregon, Ohio 46616 New Philadelphia, Ohio 44663 1025 Ruhlman Ave. Rockford, Ohio 45882 Gene A Drummond Millard A. Meese Portsmouth, Ohio 45662 Mr. & Mrs. Norbert N. Koster R.D. 1 240 Front St., S.E. Gary R. Aeh 22401 Archwood Dr. Orient, Ohio 43616 New Philadelphia, Ohio 44663 1311 Third St. Rocky River, Ohio 44116 New Philadelphia-Tuscarawas Co. H. O. Crandali Portsmouth, Ohio 45662 Norman Rudolph District Library R.R. 1 Paul E. Bennett, M.D. 1789 Rockland Ave. 121 Fair Avenue, N.W. Ostrander, Ohio 43061 1933 Franklin Blvd. Rocky River, Ohio 44116 William L. Gilmore New Philadelphia, Ohio 44663 Joe D. Janes Portsmouth, Ohio 45662 R.R.2 Box 41, Rt. 2 Keith Pretorius Stephen D. Bobst Ostrander, Ohio 43061 Russia, Ohio 45363 R.R. 3 3317 Orchard Dr. Archie P. Diller Mr. & Mrs. John L. Hirauk, Sr. New Philadelphia, Ohio 44663 Portsmouth, Ohio 45662 R.R. 1 RR 2 William Burt Mr. & Mrs. Chester A. Randies Ottawa, Ohio 45875 St. Clairsville, Ohio 43950 1167 Sunset Ave. 400 Eleventh St, N.W. Jeffrey Alan Georgiady Mr. & Mrs. Thomas O. Williams Portsmouth, Ohio 45662 New Philadelphia, Ohio 44663 110 W. Bull Run Drive Rt. 1 Robert L. Guilkey, II J.L. Rufenacht Oxford, Ohio 45056 St. Louisville, Ohio 43071 1018 Forrest Dr. R.R. 2 Periodicals Record Charles S. Adams Portsmouth, Ohio 45662 New Philadelphia, Ohio 44663 MIAMI UNIVERSITY 402 Derrick St. William C. Harper Virginia Sand Library St. Marys, Ohio 45885 2006 Seventh St. 1220 2nd St. N.W. Oxford, Ohio 45056 Mr. & Mrs. Geo. Robert Fisher Portsmouth, Ohio 45662 New Philadelphia, Ohio 44663 Roland Daugherty RR 1 David W. Kuhn Michael K.Smith Box 6 St. Marys, Ohio 45885 3222 Scioto Trail 719 Second St., S.E. Palestine, Ohio 45352 Paul Moeller Porrsmouth, Ohio 45662 New Philadelphia, Ohio 44663 Alma Stauffer Rt. 2 James W. Miller William F. Smith R.F.D. 2 St. Marys, Ohio 45885 4526 Woodland Ave. 846 Sherman Ave., N.W. Patriot, OHio 45658 Russell B. Double Portsmouth, Ohio 45662 New Philadelphia, Ohio 44663 Oliver P. Walston 460 Ohio Ave. Gomer E. Moore Lloyd E. Swinderman 15115 Zepernick Rd. Salem, Ohio 44460 1623 Linden Ave. Route 4 Pemberville, Ohio 43450 Mr. & Mrs. Charles F. Henderson Portsmouth, Ohio 45662 New Philadelphia, Ohio 44663 Mr. & Mrs. Stephen T. Clark 1244 N. Union Ave. Jack D. Widder John G. Redden 6093 Stanford Rd. Salem, Ohio 44460 Route 2, Box 218 Star Pt., Box 17 Peninsula, Ohio 44264 Vivien Marshall New Philadelphia, Ohio 44663 Portsmouth, Ohio 45662 Mr. & Mrs. Geo. W. Henning RD4 Albin A. Elchert Ralph J. Servey 742 Sandusky Street Salem, Ohio 44460 R.F.D. 1 1726Baird Ave. Perrysburg, Ohio 43551 Jimmy Lee Burkhardt New Riegel, Ohio 44853 Portsmouth, Ohio 45662 Perrysburg High School 1017 Harding Ave. Mr. & Mrs. Stephen J. Vargo Peter Vournazos Library Sciotoville, Ohio 45662 914 Bowman Ave. Stone Pipe Inn East South Boundary St. Herschel R. Fyffe Niles, Ohio 44446 Route 3 Perrysburg, Ohio 43551 RR 2 Cecil L. Lemmon Portsmouth, Ohio 45662 Earl N. Witzler Sciotoville, Ohio 45662 3883 Easton N.E. James Werner 13370 Eckel Junction Rd. Randall C. McKelvey North Canton, Ohio 44721 2419 Micklethwiate Rd. Perrysburg, Ohio 43551 3700 Highland Ave. Joe H. Holden Portsmouth, Ohio 45662 Barry M. Cowen Shadyside, Ohio 43947 Rt. 1, Walnut Rd. William V. Wertz R.D. 2 Clarence A. Pearce No. Fairfield, Ohio 44855 2723 Hillview Dr. Perrysville, Ohio 44864 2699 Wads worth Rd. Allen Nielsen Portsmouth, Ohio 45662 Mrs. James T. Griffith Shaker Heights, Ohio 44122 Route 1 Walnut Rd. F. Dale Veley 263 E. Main St. Mr. & Mrs. David Walker North Fairfield, Ohio, 44855 Route 1 Piqua, Ohio 45356 3612 Ingleside Rd. Keith Pernell Port Washington, Ohio 43837 Harry A. Hopkins Shaker Heights, Ohio 44122 4717 Wiseland Ave. Pete Ruschak 7385 N. Troy-Sidney Rd. Eugene Barber North Industry, Ohio 44707 RR 1 Piqua, Ohio 45356 RR 1 Lawrence Pitzer Powhatan Point, Ohio 43942 Charles W. Keifer Shelby, Ohio 44875 R.R. Carlton W. Schmidt 309 Broadway St. Angus W. Barton North Lewisburg, OHio 43060 7308 Prospect Dublin Rd. Piqua, Ohio 45356 R.F.D. 2 Donald R. Gehlbach Prospect, Ohio 43342 William J. Seipel Shelby, Ohio 44875 23951 Delmere Drive Marvin E. Stewart 122 South St. Fred W. Eichinger North Olmstead, Ohio 44070 c/o Frank Spangler Piqua, Ohio 45356 60 Mack Ave. RR 1 Quincy, Ohio 43343 Shelby, Ohio 44875 137 Richard E. Jerels Robert J. Cufr Dorothy Arbuckle Bernard E. Schwartz RR 1, State St. Rd. RR 2, Box 116B 223 E. Ninth St. RR 6 Shelby, Ohio 44875 Swanton, Ohio 43558 Uhrichsville, Ohio 44683 Wapakoneta, Ohio 45895 Bill Hunt G. D. Welles, Jr. Mr. & Mrs. Charles F. Coss Ralph Sprague R.D. 1 Public Relations 903 N. Dawson St. RR 3 Sherrodsville, Ohio 44675 Professional Building Uhrichsville, Ohio 44683 Wapakoneta, Ohio 45895 John Posgai Sylvania, Ohio 43560 Duane L. Edie Mr. & Mrs. Donald J. Witala P.O. Box 73 Herbert Hulls RR 1 865 Central Pkwy, S.E. Sherrodsville, Ohio 44675 Rt. 3 Uhrichsville, Ohio 44683 Warren, Ohio 44484 John W. Slutz Thornville, Ohio 43076 Mr. & Mrs. Louis Katz Earl P. Burris R.D. 1 Mr. & Mrs. Charles W. 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Box 667 Pullman, Washington 99163 Rawlins, Wyo. 82301

142 DUPLICATE BACK ISSUES

The Publication Committee is completely out of some back issues. If any of our members have duplicates of any issue and would wish to donate them to the Society it would be gratefully appreciated. This would aid our Society financially and at the same time give some of our new members a chance to purchase some out of print issues of the "Archaeologist". Those wishing to donate duplicate copies should send them to our Executive Secretary, Larry Cronkleton.

DUES NOTICE

Because of the extra expense of billing A.S.O. members for dues the second, third, and even fourth times, it has become necessary to add .50 c to the annual dues cost of $5.00 for late renewals. To avoid this additional charge please remit your dues promptly thus saving yourself money and the Society extra expense and bookkeeping.

AWARDS

These are the winners of awards for displays at the Sept. 21 picnic of The Archaeological Society of Ohio at Mt. Vernon, Ohio:

Best of Show Best Type Best Site Maurice S. Reardon Dan Klinger Glenn W. Nyhart P. O. Box 461 2270 Hanna Drive Rt. No. 1 Butler, Ohio Columbus, Ohio Danville, Ohio

ARCHAEOLOGICAL MAPS

For an 8" x 10" self-addressed stamped envelope and .10 per copy Xerox copies of any county map in Mills' Archaeological Atlas of Ohio may be obtained from Wesley S. Clarke, 210 Central Ave., Westerville, Ohio 43081. The maps of Brown, Lawrence, Lucas, Muskingum, Ottowa, Scioto, Trumbull, and Washington are not available. For an additional .10 the summary of each county can be included with the exception of Jackson and Warren counties. Copies of the Ft. Ancient map are also available.

143 BOOK REVIEW

The Cherry Valley Mounds and Banks Mound 3

THE CHERRY VALLEY MOUNDS AND lead to the author's conclusion that the BANKS MOUND 3. Gregory Perino, Gil- builders were a semi-nomadic group of Mis- crease Institute, pub. by Central States Ar­ sissippians. It is also speculated that the chaeological Societies, Inc. as Memoir No. 1, group was an offshoot from Cahokia. 1967. 88 pp., 52 figs. $2.00. Bank's Mound 3 was found to contain two This well-illustrated report describes a cul­ cultural phases, the first a post 500 A.D. ture that has so far been unreported from an Baytown phase and the second a Middle Arkansas area. Complete exploration was Mississippian. The latter group built a ramp made of three Cherry Valley mounds in around the mound and a crematory basin on Cross County just to the west of Crowley's the east side, which gave a Carbon 14 date Ridge and in Bank's Mound 3 on the Bank's of 1075, plus or minus 75 years A.D. Plantation in the eastern lowlands north of The descriptive writing and accompanying Clarkedale in Crittenden County, Arkansas. photographs make this report very easy read­ The two sites are about forty miles apart, ing while the author's interpretations based separated by Crowley's Ridge. on his extensive experience at Cahokia pro­ Despite extensive damage by pothunters, the vide added information on the extent of the Cherry Valley mound excavations yielded Middle Mississippian culture. This is a valua­ enough data to define the burial customs of ble contribution to Mid-western archaeology the builders. Carbon 14 dates ranging from and the C.S.A.S. is to be commended for 710 A.D. to 1100 A.D. were obtained. publishing it. Grave goods, particularly pottery vessels, This report is available from B. W. Stephens, showed many points of similarity with Librarian, Central States Archaeological Middle Mississippi materials of the same Societies, Inc., 815 Broadway, Quincy, period at Cahokia and Dickson Mounds in Illinois 62301. Illinois. The lack of a permanent village near the Cherry Valley mounds, the preponder­ —Harold Mohrman ance of bundle burials and the vessel types

CORRECTION

In the July issue of the Archaeologist Figure 1 (Dunn) on page 92 and Figure 1 (Morris) on 95 have the pictures transposed. The Editor's apologies to Mr. Dunn and Mr. Morris. OBJECT OF THE SOCIETY

The Archaeological Society of Ohio is organized to discover and conserve archae­ ological sites and material within the State of Ohio; to seek and promote a better understanding among students and collectors of archaeological material, professional and non-professional, including individuals, museums, and institutions of learning; and to disseminate knowledge of the subject of archaeology. Membership in this society shall be open to any person of good character interested in archaeology or the collecting of American Indian artifacts, upon acceptance of written application and payment of dues.

STANDING COMMITTEES

MEMBERSHIP AND PUBLICITY FRAUDULENT ARTIFACTS COMMITTEE John Kinn, Chairman Dr. Stanley G. Copeland, Chairman 335 West South St., Fostoria, Ohio 44830 5830 Crescent Ct., Worthington, Ohio 43085 Ray Tanner. Raymond S. Baby 5220 Warren Ave., Norwood, Ohio 45212 Ohio State Museum, Columbus, Ohio 43210 Jeff Carskadden Ernest G. Good 15 Civic Drive, Grove City, Ohio 43123 285 West Willow Drive, Zanesville, Ohio Jack Hooks Carroll E. Welling RR 3, Warsaw, Ohio 43844 RR 5, Mansfield, Ohio Robert N. Converse Robert O. Hankins 199 Converse Dr., Plain City, Ohio 43064 RR 1, Box 374-A, Ironton, Ohio 45638 Stanley G. Copeland NOMINATING COMMITTEE 5830 Crescent Ct., Worthington, Ohio 43085 Robert N. Converse, Chairman Mearl R. Guthrie 199 Converse Dr., Plain City, Ohio 43064 123 N. Grove St., Bowling Green, Ohio Wayne A. Mortine Ensil Chadwick Scott Dr., Newcomerstown, Ohio 43823 RR 3, Mount Vernon, Ohio Harry A. Hopkins Jerry Hagerty 432 S. Church St., Bowling Green, Ohio 43402 7385 N. Troy-Sidney Rd., Piqua, Ohio 45356 Summers A. Redick 35 W. Riverglen. Worthington, Ohio 43085 AUDITING COMMITTEE Richard Hoke Ed R. Hughes, Chairman Fort Seneca, Ohio 44829 121 E. Russell St., West Lafayette, Ohio 43845 Harley W. Glenn 1394 W. Third Ave., Columbus, Ohio 43212

EXHIBITS COMMITTEE PROGRAM COMMITTEE Wayne A. Mortine, Chairman Dorothy L. Good, Chairman Scott Dr., Newcomerstown, Ohio 43832 15 Civic Dr., Grove City, Ohio 43123 Julius E. Noebe, John Schatz 1115 Whipple Ave., S.W., Canton, Ohio 44710 Rt. 1, Williamsport, Ohio 43164 Raymond S. Baby The Ohio Historical Society, Columbus 43210 H. C. Wachtel LEGISLATIVE COMMITTEE 29 Laura Ave., Dayton, Ohio 45405 J. Grant Keys, Chairman Ernest Good 409 Washington Ave., Elyria, Ohio 44035 15 Civic Drive, Grove City, Ohio 43123 Raymond S. Baby Robert N. Converse The Ohio Historical Society, Columbus, Ohio 199 Converse Dr., Plain City, Ohio 43064