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Aerotropolis Atlanta Brownfield Redevelopment Health Impact Assessment

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Aerotropolis Atlanta Brownfield Redevelopment Health Impact Assessment Produced for Health Impact Project, an initiative of The Pew Charitable Trusts and the Robert Wood Johnson Foundation Prepared by Center for Quality Growth and Regional Development at the Georgia Institute of Technology Catherine L. Ross, Ph.D., Director and Harry West Chair Michael L. Elliott, Ph.D., Associate Director Michelle Marcus Rushing & Jason Barringer, Research Scientists Sarah Cox, Alexandra Frackelton, John Kent, & Arthi Rao, Research Assistants December 2011 Atlanta Aerotropolis Brownfield Redevelopment Health Impact Assessment About the Health Impact Table of Contents Project Acknowledgements ........................................................................... 1 The Health Impact Project, a collaboration of the Robert Executive Summary........................................................................... 2 Wood Johnson Foundation and The Pew Charitable Trusts, is a Understanding the Aerotropolis HIA ............................................. 5 national initiative designed to promote the use of health impact assessments (HIAs) as HIA Results and Recommendations ............................................ 6 a decision-making tool for policymakers. HIAs use a Reading the Report ..................................................................... 10 flexible, data-driven approach that identifies the health Using the Results and Recommendations ................................ 11 consequences of new policies and develops practical Resources .................................................................................... 12 strategies to enhance their health benefits and minimize Introduction ..................................................................................... 14 adverse effects. For more information, visit About Health Impact Assessment .............................................. 16 www.healthimpactproject.org. What is health? ....................................................................... 16 What is a Health Impact Assessment? .................................. 17 About the Center for Quality About Aerotropolis ....................................................................... 20 Growth and Regional Development HIA and Aerotropolis ................................................................... 25 The Center for Quality Growth Screening ................................................................................. 25 and Regional Development (CQGRD) is an applied research Why conduct an HIA on the Atlanta Aerotropolis Brownfield center of the Georgia Institute of Technology. The Center Redevelopment? ..................................................................... 30 serves communities— particularly those in the Scoping & Methodology .................................................................. 33 Southeast United States—by producing, disseminating, and Community Assessment ............................................................. 33 helping to implement new ideas and technologies that Demographic Profile ............................................................... 33 improve the theory and practice of quality growth. For Health Profile ........................................................................... 36 more information about CQGRD, visit Geographic Profile ................................................................... 45 www.cqgrd.gatech.edu. Stakeholders Who Influence Project Outcome ..................... 47 Stakeholder Engagement ........................................................... 50 © 2011 by Center for Quality Introduction ............................................................................. 50 Growth and Regional Development (CQGRD). All The Advisory Committee ......................................................... 50 rights reserved. Short sections of text, not to exceed two Stakeholder Survey ................................................................. 55 paragraphs, may be quoted without explicit permission Stakeholder Summary ............................................................ 57 provided that full credit, including the © notice, is given Methodology ................................................................................ 58 to source. Available electronically at Connecting Environmental and Policy Determinants with http://www.cqgrd.gatech.edu/ Health ...................................................................................... 58 Healthy Places Audit ............................................................... 58 Cover Credit: Center for Quality Growth and Regional Latent Demand Scores ........................................................... 60 Development Walkability Audit ...................................................................... 67 Mapping Access ...................................................................... 70 Literature Review Purpose and Procedure ............................ 70 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS: Recommendations .................................................................. 71 Numerous people advised on this project, including the City Aerotropolis Site Plan Review..................................................... 73 of Hapeville, the City of Atlanta, Fulton County Department of Bicycle and Pedestrian Facilities ............................................ 74 Health, Hartsfield-Jackson Atlanta International Airport, Traffic and Transportation ...................................................... 76 and members of Southside Concerned Citizens. Housing .................................................................................... 78 Site Evolution ........................................................................... 79 Assessment of Impacts .................................................................. 81 Safe, Active, Multimodal Transportation Environments ............... 82 Background: Health and Transportation ................................... 82 Planning Environment ................................................................. 84 Connectivity ............................................................................. 84 Trip Generation & Mode Choice ............................................. 94 Traffic safety ............................................................................ 98 Level of service/ infrastructure ........................................... 106 Healthy Places Audit: Transportation ...................................... 110 Implementing a safe, pleasant, and functional pedestrian environment ......................................................................... 110 Livable Streets ...................................................................... 113 Distance to destinations ...................................................... 117 Bicycle Infrastructure ........................................................... 120 Institutional support ............................................................. 121 Economic Activities and Opportunities ....................................... 123 Background: Health and Access ............................................. 123 Planning Environment .............................................................. 125 Access to retail ..................................................................... 125 Activity nodes........................................................................ 131 Access to jobs ....................................................................... 133 Property values and tax revenue......................................... 138 Healthy Places Audit: Economy ............................................... 142 Vibrant activity nodes........................................................... 142 Parking supply and pricing .................................................. 145 Enable access to nutritious food ......................................... 147 Community Preservation and Revitalization .............................. 150 Background: Health and Community ...................................... 150 Planning Environment .............................................................. 151 Re-energizing Communities ................................................. 151 Social connections ............................................................... 154 Healthy Places Audit: Community ........................................... 159 Housing Balance .................................................................. 159 Public safety ......................................................................... 161 Environmental Exposures ............................................................ 164 Background: Health and the Environment ............................. 164 Planning Environment .............................................................. 165 Transportation emissions .................................................... 165 Noise ..................................................................................... 169 Brownfields ........................................................................... 172 Healthy Places Audit: Environment ......................................... 176 Pollutant Mitigation .............................................................. 176 Greenspace .......................................................................... 177 Environmental Tobacco Smoke........................................... 180 Overarching Issues ......................................................................
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