Newspaper' of the Anti-Apartheid Movement. Price 5p. November 1973

Newspaper' of the Anti-Apartheid Movement. Price 5p. November 1973 Asml, asemge gin th r~y~o o 0e a £4L.7 solemnlyIprcaI h S a gf G ina iesu. 24hSetmerI7 Howthepeole f Gine Bisauprolaied hei inepedene: enrpg es.

ACTION-NATIONAL AND INTERNATIONAL Britain Manchester MANCHESTER Anti-Apartheid Movement is to hold a public meeting on Friday November 9 at 7.30pm at Town Hall Basement Theatre, Manchester. The main speaker will be John Hosey who recently returned from attending the trial of the Pretoria Six in South Africa. On Friday November 30 Manchester AAM will hold its Annual General Meeting at 8pm at the Lass o'Gowrie, Charter St., Manchester. Peter Hilldrew of the Guardian will speak on his recent visit to South Africa. The group is planning to run a market stall selling white elephants and good-as-new clothing in December and January to raise funds. Saleable contributions to Manchester AAM, 565 Wilmslow Rd., Manchester 20. Phone Manchester 445 2940. Conference A CONFERENCE on 'South Africa and Us' was called by Norwest Cooperative Society, Manchesfer and Salford Trades Council and Manchester Anti-Apartheid Movement on Saturday October 13. It was attended by an audience of about 100. Dick Seabrook, ex-President of USDAW, outlined the danger to British workers of Britain's close involvement with South Africa, where cheap and controlled labour promised quick returns. for big business. Ben Turok ofthe -African National Congress of South Africa pointed out the fallacy of the cry that boycotts hurt the Africans, He said that trade boycotts operated mainly against South African fruit which was- produced by prisonlabour or contract workers who were paid a pittance. He called for pressure to isolate South Africa in investment, culture, sport and trade and said that the Ca-operative Movement could lead the way. Discussion centred on how to forward the campaign atreadyunderway locallyon investment andtrade. Leading Co-operators present expressed strong support, but also pointed out practical problems they face. It was -agreed that further cooperation on these issues was necessary and that the three organisations would continue to work together. Barnet THE GOVERNMENT should be asked to act over the growing volume of trade between Israel and South Africa, Peter Hellyer stressed at a meeting in October of Barnet Anti-Apartheid Committee. He said that South Africa's links with Israel -especially over polishing diamonds -were of great importance to it. Peter Hellyer revealed too, that Israel is alleged to be training.white women in Rhodesia and that they are working with Portugal. He suggested that pressure -should be placed on the British Government and that the matter could be raised with the Zionist Federation. Coventry COVENTRY Defence Committee have called a picket outside South Africa House, Trafalgar Square, London on Saturday November 3 Il am-I pm. The picket is tp support the appeal of Pretoria Six trialist Sean Hasey, whilc is to be heard in South Africa'on November 8' The Pretoria Six were all found guilty on charges under the.Teroorism Act last June. The four Africans accused were sentenced to fifteen years inprisonment, Alexander Moumbaris to twelve years and Sean Hoiy to five years. Scan Hosey was the only one of the six given leave to appeal. , Sean Hosey's mother and sister, Kay and Noreen Hosey, are hoping to go to South Africa to observe the appeal, it was announced at a meeting of the Coventry Defence Committee held on October 11. In a report of the extensive activities of the Committee since itsformation it was announced that over £2500 had been raised, including over £500 from Transport and General Workers Union members. Contact: Coventry Defenece Committee, 115 Yarningale Rd., Willenhall, Coventry. Holloway ROYAL HOLLOWAY College Students Union has passed a motion deciding to withdraw its account from Barclays Bank because of the bank's involvement in Southern Africa. The motion also urges all union members not to bank with Barclays. SART SART (Stop the Apartheid Rugby Tour) is calling for support for a picket of the England v Australia game at Twickenham on November 17 to urge the British Lions to cancel their 1974 tour of South Africa. The Australians have already severed sporting relations with South Africa and they have been asked to raise the question of the planned 1974 tour with the English team. SART is also asking opponents of apartheid in sport to write to tfayers who may be selected for the ions touring team asking them to deeare themselves unavailable for selection. A list of the names-and addresses of prospective team members is available from SART. Further information and leaflets frorin: SART, 18 Hilton Avenue, London N. 12. Leeds LEEDS University studentsmounted a three-day picket of the university branch of Barclays Bank in October. Many first-year students told picketers that they had decided not to bank with Barclays and thousands of 'Boycott Barclays' leaflets were handed out to passers by. The student newspaper 'Leeds Student'refused to accept a full-page ad from Barclays and instead carried an editorial setting out the facts about Barclays involvement in Southern Africa. The film 'Dumping Grounds' was shown at the university's freshers conference. Leeds students are now planning to step up their campaign to persuade the university authorities to sell all its shareholdings in companies with South African interests. Last year Leeds University sold its holding in ICI became of the company's South African involvement. ASTMS A GROUP of ASTMS membersat ICL's Reading plant have donated a day's pay to the Anti-Apartheid Movement as an expression of their disgust at the company's sale of a computer to the South" African Department of Bantu Affairs. The computer has been reported to be being used in the administration of the Pass Laws. At another ICL plant at Kidsgrove, Staffs, union members have written to the company's Chairman, Tom Hudson, protesting against the computer sale. Norwich NORWICH. City Corporation has sold its shareholding in Consolidated Gold Fields because of the company's exploitation of African miners in South Africa. The Corporation's Financial Committee decided to sell the shares after the question had been raised by a Labour member, Councillor Norman Huke. RIBAMeeting ABOUT 50 people attended a meeting at the Royal Institute of British Architects, London WI on October 18 to discuss the severance of RIBA's links with the South African Institute of Architects. The film 'Dumping Grounds' was shown and the three main speakers were Bernard Adams of RIBA's Council, who stated the case for maintaining links, and Rev John Davies and Rusty Bernstein, who argued that links with South Africa should be broken. Rusty Bernstein said that every link with South Africa made white South Africans feel thattheir society was tolerable to outsiders. He argued that 'bridge-building' has proved to be an utter failure and said that to ignore the majority of South African opinion calling for a boycott of white South African institutions expressed by the African National Congress and the South African Congress of Trade Unions, was 'arogant'. Bernard Adams showed his true position and earned the wrath of the audience-composed mainly of RIBA members-when he stated that 'RIBA as an Institute is concerned with architecture and not with the policies of foreign governments'. The overwhelming feeling of the meeting was for severance of linksas Rusty Bernstein said, bridgebuilding should be discussed in connection with cross-channel trasportation, and not in relation to Soutk Africa. UNA OVER 70 people attended a United Nations Assocation meeting in Marple, Cheshire to discuss Britin, Portugal antd Africa on September 12. Speakers were Polly Gaiter, Secretaryoof the Committee for Freedom in Mozambique, Angola and Guine and the local.Tory MP who defended Portugal's wars in Africa. The meeting was attended by a small clique of fascists (calling themselves the Action Party but ming National Front slogans)*who handed out Portuguese, South African and Rhodesian propaganda. They left early after the rest of the audience had shown their overwhelming hostility to them. The film 'A Lutta Continua' was also shown. Earlier Marple UNA held an exhibition of photographs about the struggle in the Portuguese colonies. UN SA Credentials REPRESENTATIVES of the African National Congress and the Pan African Congress addressed the UN General Assembly's special political committee at the beginning of October. The move to invite them to speak to the committee was strongly opposed by the US, Britain and France, but their objections were overridden. Thami Mhlambiso, ANC spokesman, told the committee that South Africa was heing fragmented and plundered by the white minority, supported by those who traded with them and sold them arms. PAC representative David 8ibeko welomed the General Assembly vote which delayed an addriss by the South African Foreign Minister, Hilgard Muller, and said that the privilege which the white minority regime had in representing South Africa at the UN was being brought to an end. Earlier when Foreign Minister Muller tried to address the General Assembly at the opening of this year's session, a resolution calling for the session to be suspended until South Africa's right to take part could be examined by the Credentials Committee, was carried by 80 votes to 26. When Muller finally began his speech in the Assembly, after the Credentials Committee had voted 5 to 4 in favour of accepting the white South African delegation, the representatives of 100 countries, out of 134 who were present, walked out in protest. Later the General Assembly accepted by 72 votes to 3 7, with 13 abstentions, an amendment moved by Syria reversing the Credentials' Committee's recommendation that South Africa's credentials were in order. Ireland AAM THE WORLD Ploughing Championships, at Wellingtonbridge, Co Wexford, took place October 5-6 amid a storm of protest against the presence of a white Rhodesian team. The Irish governemnet refused to send a representative to the Championships . to mark its disapproval of Rhodesian participation., And three teams-from Kenya, Yngosalvia and Czechoslovakia-withdrew in protest. The withdrawals took place after governments of the countries planning to artticipate had been alerted by the Irish Anti-Apartheid Movement. The Movement also protested to the Irish Department of Foreign Affairs. Before the Championships it was reported that one of the twa-man Rhodesian team would be a black farmer. But when the two team members arrived, they both turned oat to be white. At the end of September Irish AAM feld a very successful week of solidarity with the peoples of Portugal's African colonies-the first campaign to be mounted on Ihis scale in Ireland on the question of the Portuguese colonies. The week was opened by a Press Conference in Dublin given by Father. Adrian Hastings on September 21. He appealed to the Irish churches to pay a more active part in the fight against racism. On September 26 Father Hastings spoke at a crowded public meeting in the Hibernian Hotel, Dublin. A large picket was mounted outside the Portuguese Embassy in Dublin on September 20 to demand Portuguese withdrawal from Africa and the breaking off of diplomatic relations between Ireland and Portugal. During the week Guinea Bissau proclaimed its independence and both the Anti-Apartheid Movement and the Union of Students in Ireland issued statements calling on the Irish Government to recognise the Republic of Guinea Bissau. At the Irish Anti-Apartheid Movement's AGM held on October 27 at Trinity College, Dublin, Hugh Lewin, a former South African political prisoner, spoke about the situation of political prisoners in South Africa. WMA SA Medicine A RESOLUTION condemning racia discriminationin South African medicine was defeated at the World MedicalAssociation's27thAssembly in Munich last month, after Britain, West Germany and all the major Western countries had lined up behind South Africa. But the defeat came only after a long procedural battle and an undertaking by the WMA's President that allegations of racial discrimination in the practice of medicine in South Africa would be investigated. The first round of the battle came when Ghana submitted a resolution vehemently condemning racial discrimination and instructing the WMA Council to look into discrimination in S~uth African medicine and to report back to next year's Assembly in Stockholm. The Chairman of the Assembly's Resolutions Committee, a South African, was forced to resign after he tried to disallow the-motion. He was replaced by an Indian delegate and the reconstituted committee voted to allow the resolution to go forward. South Africa then moved in the Assembly that the resolution be taken off the order paper. When the WMA's President ruled that the resolution should stand, South Africa and West Germany moved a vote of no confidence in him, but this was defeated. When the resolution was finally debated West Germany proposed an amendment which deleted all reference to South Africa and instructed the WMA Council to look into any form of discrimination in medicine anywhere in the world. The amendment was strongly opposed by Ghana and Nigeria who argued that if it went through the WMA would be totally discredited in independent Africa. But it received overwhelming backing from the countries ofWestem Europe and was finally approved by 56 votes to six. Ghana, Nigeria, Pakistan, Uruguay, Veneguela and Turkey bioted against the amendment. But feeling among the African delegations ran so high that the President was forced to concede that allegations of racial discrimination in South, African medicine would be investigated tinder the terms of the amended resolution and that a report would be made to next year's Assembly. So the battle will go forward to next year's WMA Assembly in Stockholm. Argentina Sports ban ARGENTINA has announced that it has broken off all forms of sports relations with South Africa and Rhodesia. A spokesman for the country's sports secretariat said: 'The decision is founded on the racist policy followed by these two countries.' The first time the ban will come into operation will be next month when four South African athletes will be barred from a three-day athletic competition to be staged in Buenos Aires. West Germany Observatory THE WEST German Government has refused permission for a West German research society to build an observatory at Gamsberg, Namibia. The move followed the visit to West Germany by a delegation from SWAPO (South West African People's Organisation) which held six days of talks with Government Ministers, members of the ruling SPD and leading churchmen. Other ground gained by SWAPO includes West Germany's agreement to me the name Namibia officially from now on. The West German Government refused to close the German consulate in Windhoek: their offer to place it under the direct control of the Foreign Ministry in Bonn imtead of under the German Embassy in Pretoria. Bonn has taken no steps towards ending its 1962 cultural agreement with South Africa or towards the severance of its economic and military links with the territory. AntiApartheid News November 1973 Page 3 Police did not fire warning shots iw. Jorl-11,00MI,' 1'4 Western Deep Levels Mine where II miners were shot dead by police NO WARNING shots were fired before the first two waves of shooting at Western Deep Levels mine on September I1, the police officers responsible told the inquest on the Il miners who were shot. Algy von Holdt, the mine's general manager, told the inquest at Oberholzer that there was no violence, looting or damage at the mine until the police arrived. 'The whole atmosphere changed,' said Von Holdt, when Major Cloete fired the first shot of teargas. Major Cloete-himself was asked by I Maisels, QC (for the dead men's relatives) why he had taken only two teargas pistols Mr Maisels: You thought it was enough to issue two teargas pistols? -Yes. I And this is the first thing you are told to use to try to break up a riot?-That is so. You could have issued everyone with a teargas pistol and an FN?It would not be practical. ' - Why?-It would have interfered with the use of their other weapons. Was it more important for people to be dispersed, or for peopleto be killed?-Without doubt, to disperse them. Right. And to disperse them, the first thing you are taught to do is to use teargas?-That is right. Major Cloete said he ordered three baton charges, but had to recall his men each time, as it was too dangerous. He said he fired teargas into the crowd. The pistols' range was about 60 yards. Mr Maisels: Don't you think it would have been wiser to shoot ,from nearer? I couldn't get closer. Major Cloete said none of the baton charges made physical contact with the miners. The third charge was at about 9.15pm and the first shots were fired ten to 12 minutes later. At that stage he himself had been twice struck by stones. Mr Maisels Did you tell your men to fire warning shots?-No. Were any warning shots ever fired, to your knowledge?-I shot one myself. Lt C61, A- P Mienie, district commandant ofPotchefstroom,said that he arrived at the mine compound at about 9,30pm and took overall command of the police. He stationed some of his men and told them that if they were attacked they should defend them. selves. Asked by Mr Maisels whether 'it occurred to you to order them to fire over the heads of the crowd', 'Colonel Mienie said the danger was great and his men were attacked suddenly. He said that at no time did he give his men orders to fire warning shots. Colonel Mienie said he gave an instruction when he arrived at the compound to assess how many rounds of ammunition had been fired. Mr Maisels: You- counted the bullets but not the bodies?-Yes. Colonel Mionie said he didn't see any policemen seriously injured. He was then asked about the shooting of a man who had hit a policeman between the eyes with a hurled stone, breaking his glasses, He said the man was waving a stick and throwing objects at the ooliee. The presiding magistrate,Mr H C Badenhorst, asked Colonel Mienie whether it would not have been effective to shoot over the man's head. Colonel Mienie: At that stage the danger was so great that I felt the leader, as I saw him, must be eliminated. The colonel said that for half an hour after his arrival at 9.30pm there was no attack on the police and the area was clear around the administrative block. It was only after the second lot of shooting at about 10.00pm that he asked the mine compound manager Mr Justin Morris to speak to the miners over the public address system. Mr Maisels: During the time it was quiet, you did not think it proper to ask him?-No. Did you think that the shootings had a calming effect?-It did not get worse. You sent Major Stapelberg out and you heard shots and you didn't ask him afterwards what he was shooting, why he was shooting, who he shot-and you were the commanding officer?-That's right. Major Stapelberg told the inquest that he arrived at the compound with further men at about 1000pom. A number of teargas shots were fired and he heard rifle fire near the administrative block. Hespoke to the miners in Xhosa, using a loudspeaker. A mine police corporal spoke to them in other' African languages. Then Lt Col Mienie told him to move higher up the compound to see if it was safe there He and his men encountered a crowd of about 100, including a man who was apparently the leader, who was breaking windows with an axe and dancing about. The crowd started throwing stones at the police. Major Stapelberg said he ordered warning shots to be fired over the crowd's heads. He was then ordered by Lt Col Mienic to the liquor hall, where mineworkers startedthrowing bottles and stones. They were led by a man with a whistle, who was armed with a stick like the others. 'I ordered Warrant Officer Du Plessis and, Constable Staddler to fire a few shots on the leader,' said Major Stapelberg. 'Detective Sergeant Van Zyl was to the right and he also fired. I cannot say whether anyone fell.' Altogether 17 mineworkers have appeared in court in connection with the incidents at the mine on September 11. Their cases are due to come up-again on November 12. All are on £10 bail, but 14 did not make an appearance in court on October 12 when the case was last hoard. N'White leadership v IN 1971, during Dr Banda's state Young Turks swept the board with leaders who were cheered and given visit to South Africa, Prime Minister their new slogan of 'shared power'. standing ovations after hitting out Vorstet was photographed at a In a minority of one, Steyn-claimed against racial discrimination. The banquet seated uncomfortably and that 'white leadership' (the United three men were Professor H W E unsmilingly between two black Party's old slogan) was the key to Ntsanwisi, chief executive councillor ladiet. What a gift to Dr Albert peaceful constructive change in of Gazankulu, Tom Swartz, Federal Hertzog and his break-away right- SouthAfrica. Partyleaderandchairmanofthe wing' Reconstituted Nationalist 'If we want to commit suicide,' Coloured Representative Council Party (HNP). Since then that photo- Warned Steyn, 'then we must put the executive and I N Reddy, a member graph has bept plastered all over political cart before the economic oftheexe-cutive ofthe Government. South Africa, and is reckoned to horse" by concentrating on political appointed Indian Council have cost the Nationalist Party rights before theyhave economic This was the first time blacks had thousands of votes. responsibility. It would be just as ever spoken from the platform of a tie conquest of the Nationalist fatal to place all the emphasis on United Party congress-and may beParty by the so-called 'verligte' economic progress.' the last. Schwarz-wealthy banker ('enlightened') elements, resulting in Steyn was given a standing and city slicker-defended' the the breakaway of the HNP, has led ovation by the congress, which invitation by saying: 'My approach to a swing to the rightin the policies nevertheless rejected his plea and is to give an alternative which is of the Nationalist Party and a resort reaffirmed its support for Schwarz acceptable to the thinking to 'kragdadigheid' (the 'hard line') and verligtheid. But if the Young Nationalist. Anyone who, thinks it This year, the process has been Turks thought Steyn would be con. was wrong to invite blacks to the repeated all over'again in the ranks tent to take a back seat in their congress won't find a home in the of the United Party, now paralysed political juggernaut, they had mis- United Party. We have to sell on that by the struggle between the calculated, and the whole party was package.' 'verkramptes' and the 'verligtes' for shocked when- Steyn-formany But manyintheUnitedParty control of the leadership.The United years the loyal number two to party weren't buying. The party's leaders Tarty verligtes won their first victory leader Sir de Villiers Graaf- in Natal qulckiy announced that at the party's 1972 Transvaal resigned from the United Partyand there would be no blacks at their Congress, when Harry Schwarz re- joined the Nationalist Party. congress, and it is a fair bet that placed Marais Steyn as chairman. What probably stuck in Steyn's there won't be any at the'national Schwarz's victory was conolida- throat as much" as the concept of congress of the-United Party in ted at the Transvaal congress of the 'shared power' was the presence at Bloemfontein in November. Just as party lastAugust, when the so-called the congress of three black Political there were many Natinnalists who sis the day could swallow the concept of now seen as having merit in its own 'dialogue' but not the picture of tight. Vorster in the company of black The United Party verligtes are ladies, so there are manyUnited not really different from the Party members who can swallow the verkramptes-they want the reality words 'shared power' 'but not the of white supremacy without the idea of bringlectured byblack odium which goes with it, to eat leaders. . theircakeandhaveit.Theparty's The United Party's central federal policy, which it counteroses executive tried to paper over the to. the Nationalists' Bantstans, cracks with a statement committing envisages, the creatiot of a federal the party 'to white leadership in the parliament side by side with the interests of all our people as an existing all-white parliament. In the instrument to bring about a sharing federal parlianment would , sit of power and responsibilities among representatives of all the 'white' all our population groups.' - provinces, together with the " One day later, the United Party representatives of the African reissued a correction,, inserting the serves (Bantustans in concept if not word 'and', so that their policy in name), the Coloureds and the became: 'White leadership is in the Indians. interests of all our people and as an The federal parliament would instrumenttobringabout the sharing exercise such powers as were of power and responsibilities among delegated to it by the white parliaall our population groups.'- ment and in theory at least the What's the difference, you ask? white parliament could vote itself Progressive Party leader Colin Eglin out of existence and leave the commented: 'It spells outthe double multi.racial federal parliament in talk which was implict in the first possession of the field. statement., In its original version, Of course, it's a phoney. Not white leadership was simply an surprisingly, no thinking Nationalist instrument to bring about a sharing has yet fallen for it. And no thinking of power.,The insertion of the word black either, for that matter. 'and' shows that-whiteleadershipis BrianBunting L

Anti-Apartheid Newt November 1973 page 4 SA steps up ad catipaign ACCORDING to the Guadn-s book not unexpectedlycalled 'Not mrut not beinthepayof.or beina example, an ad in which an 'Open File' column. Snuth Africa What I Expected', whote publication position to have pressure applied by, apparently inspyctial nutritiont has a n ew Secretary for Informuation, the South African governosent is said eayone benefiting from reaponses expert says that a certain wheat Predictably w hite, Afrikane, andl to have assured by backing it with totheadvertisement, productisthemost-nutritious breakNtionalist, the new propaganda £1500O. lie hat also talked of start- But two of the three black people fast food ever, but which conceals mnerchant is described at a 'swinger' ing a new magacine like the old, in the ads are Bantustan leaders- the fact that the expert concerned namedi Eschel Ritoodie, and already defunct (and wholly white black men appointed by, paid by, is employed bythat breakfast food's South Africa's dishonest racial supremnacist) 'Southern Africa. and instanstly disissable by, the holding company, and is also a Propaganda has taken an, upturn. In Finally, there are those curious Scoth, Afria Government, which citinen of theforeignstatewhichActivity,at anyrate, adsplacedbytheTrust Bank01 benefits econmeally and grows thewheat and which hands September saw a hage full-page South Africa, featuring black South politically from all British-invest- out prison Sentence& to any of its ad in the Times. headed 'Should Aficana pleading against sanctions. ieitfinSouthAfrica. subjects who knock wheat's the Black Peoples of South Africa By British advertising standards, Bret that is not all. Under South nutritional valud. rule themselves? The South African these ads are grossly misleading, Africa's Terrorism Act, itJit illegal D n'eru rcdn Gove rnmenut answered 'Yes' years and ride roughi,-shod over British for anyone in South Africa to say g'U Prcd t ago.' (But then why aren't those advertising codes. So let's look at anything which could harms that Clearly neitba.r the Guardian nor blac peole llowd t tisak fr tefats.country'sociallyorecan"nially the'Timeshavedonetheir homethremselves? Answer: theyhave a To begin with the 'Trust Bank (Under Section 6 of leAt ok n obt aestams large white hand over, their moutht of Africa'. An African bank, with 'offendlers can he impris ted fo or k Anger ous hcedset a cansal as this advertisement, written and Africans on the Board? On the fife without trial.) So to speak up magoust prcertnlybe d sho n hae placed bywhites, proves.) contrary, the name conceals a Soyrla for sanctions is. to beak the law tmnstcranybshw toav Recently, too, we have been African bank, whose entire board is Thus, ads which show black South trngressed Bish advertising subjected to the advertisements of not only white. but Afrikaner. One Africans speaing -agaunst sanction codes by, accepting misleading that foreign-financed, ill-informed director is actually a one-time Min- but which fail to mention tha advertisements. Yet one wonders outfit, the faceless Club of Ten ister for Economics and Agricul- speaking for sanctions car ias why. For South Africa hass ea a (shades of the Boers-only 'Club of tore in Vorster'g Cabinet, savage penalties, ace clearlygrossly history of defihera~ehsoia n t7Mten'inCapeTown). muisleading. economicdecetin its racial propASole spokesman for the other- Unsolicited Yet an Anti-Apartheid Movement tGua d ian t ans countryewith bt wise, secretive Club of Ten is an cx- mme h opand ote lsigatce nteps rvn Asia judge named Gerald Sparrow. Two of the tliee ads bluntly membrda whoucmliedth the dihnsyafsc eceiat ande tsh oe pbThe udgeis dubtlss oe of Solicit Brits investment-they try Gthese'aiaertaboutnthewdishonesty of scteethhtsrlei hudb The far-dedadubalescallyde topersuadethe Britishpublicto ths detsmnawstl yte clear bynow that South Africa is thos far-mnde anilbsicllyde- buy u bit of South Africa's industry. Guardian that they were legitimate, one cutywoe'nIfrain cent people w'sto, probably carefully Adal-h asar'oatye and that the Guardian 'would not is cntrye wose 'oinformabto Africand prpagandaotripet South classed as 'the unsolicited test- publish advertisements whcwr misinform- And that anybody who Afric, gofro its whitewhr imonial'. But there ar stit' ue blatantfly untrue or misleading.' blindly accepts anything at all, said theyc the rmselv s ynicall c alt governing such testimonials here, to Btheuainhs owmd' bywhite South Africa without traten',whchisgvdetl mst preventtheBritish publicfrom a hpfrIsonbco OOt thoroughly checking the whole pesusie hvdnlyms eingfleeced.Andoneruleis-that an eatnloyithsacly thingfirst,is usually- in for a rude fershairef ei't the person giving the Jestirnonial admitted that iil publish, for awakening, Toivo :Namibian patriot. TOIVO Herman in Toivoa is a Namnibian i wo is, serving ge 20year gaol sesatbrnce on Robben Island, hundreds of mniles from isa home,: Itt the third of its series of reports on political prisoners in South Africa, ANTI-APARTHEID NEWS describes the part he is playing in his country's 'fight for independense. TH4E TURNING point in Toivo Ja Toivo's lif came when, as a yomng, mras, he served overseas with the South African Native Military Corps THE ANTI-APARTHEID Movement has appealed to the UN to initiate a world-wide campaign for the release of political prisoners in South Africai The letter in which this appeal was made wa ,s attdressed tc, Dr Kurt Waldheim, Secretary Genet of the UN, and was. signed by Bishop Ambrose Reeves, the Istovement's Honireary President. T he letter reminds the UN ot its Oc tober 1963 resolution calling for the release of South African political prisonters. and of the fact that the onlydissenting vote in the Assembly was that of Souith Africa itself, It goes on to say: 'The General Assembly resol ution w~as completely ignored by, the Southi African Goverumest, whose policies remcain unchangted. In the intervenisg ten yeas, there bare been more arrests, and the security police have con- in the Second World War., Being black he was not permitted to carry a gun, and he guarded mdlitary installations. is experiences opened his eyes to the importance of education and on his return home to Ovamaboland he entered primary school at the age of 23. 1There were no secondary schools in Ovamboland and Toivo quickly Absorbed all that lair teachers could give him. So he joined the flow of contract Workers south to Namibia's white 'police zone' and after a period working in the mines moved to Cape Town. In Cape Town he met two other Namribian exiles, I Klocongunizi and HI Kerina, and together with a group of politcally conscious students they formued the South West African People's Organisation (SWAPO). Toivo became SWAPO's first President. I I I *In 1956 SWAPO first made its mark on the international, scene, when Toivo adroitly :sent out a statement on tape to M Kerins, then in the USA. The statement appealed to she UIN to revoke the South African Government's mandate over Namibia and to place the territory tinued to detaini and interrogate people under the sinister laws that have been passed for that purpose.' The tetter points out that an South African gaols political prisoners net tougher treatment than other prisoners, and ends by pointing ovt that these p-rier *hase tak~en a stand on the principles to which the UN is itself committed'. Copies of this letter were sent to anti-apartheid orgamisationis all over the world, as welt as to other groups interested in the issue. Asa result a aumber of orgunisationts have josaed in'the appeal,' including the lIntratioinal Comumission of Jurists, aid organisatinns in the Nether lands, -Switeerland and New Zealand. The UN Comrmittee on Apartheid has catted on the international community to note October I I as a under UN Trusteeship. ~When the Security Police heard shout the, tape, they inmmediately withdrew Toivo's permit to remain in Cape Town and gave him 72 hours to return home to Ovambolaad. He started bark, visiting workers in various centres on the way, and after speaking to miners at Taumeb he was arrested for being on mine property Without a permit. He was then served with a homse arrest order under the Suppression of Communism, Act and taken under police escort to a remote part of Ovemrboland where he was placed under the surveillance of Chief Kambode, a pro-government chief who made his life as unpl~asant as possible. His living, conditians were ,primitive, he was restricted to within a radius of one mile around the chief's kraal and he was demed the means of earning a living. But Toivo soared above his deprivanions and continued to carry on the struggie for she liberation of his country by every means available.,In 1966 SWAPO decided thai since' all other methods had failed, the only way to free Namibia from oppressi on was by force of arms. At his trial ners day of solidarity with political prisoners in South Africa. On December Ill, the twenty fifth 'anniversary of the adoption of theUniversal Declaration of Human Rights, the UNo i to launch a decade to tomisat Racism and Racial Disciminton. The 'Anti-Apar-theid Movement has also written 'to interested organisations all over the -world, asking them to me the-perod between October t11 and December Ill to launch initial public activity in preparation for a major campaign for the release of political prisoners is South Africa. A one-day coaference entitled 'South Atrica-the Imprisoned Societywilltlakepace on December 6 at the Central Collegiate Theatre, ,Gordon Street, London WC 1. Toivo told the court th~at he was not amian, of violence, that he considered violence to he evil and that he did not think that SWAPO was strong enough to adopt a coume of armed resistance. But, he said, his pople came to him for help and he could not refuse.. Toivo was arrested on September 9 1966, together with 36 others, all members of SWAPO, bat their trial did not begin until Augast 7 1967. In the intervening months they were held in solitary confinement, incommunicado, and tortured while under interrogation. .They, Were charged Withi conspiracy to overthrow thd South African "Government and the Terrorism Act, passed an 1967, under which they, Were charged, was made retrospective tn 1%2 speiicatty toa cover their case. Their trial was held in Pretoria, 1000 miles from their homes, making it impossible for their families and friends to attend. .Toivo knew that he faced the death penalty: but his address to the court was no supplication for mercy. He brilliantly described how the oppression of the blacks in Namibia by the South Africaa Government had created the resistance movement, and he ahlowed an understanding of the, situation apparently beyond the compsehension of the court. Bat the judge did not see it that way. He said it was a speech for 'the outside world'. Toivot ~courage was interpseted as 'defiance', and the jusdge commented that in challenging the South, African Government's right to governt Namihia, .Toivo showed no'proper sense of'remorse' for his actions. He sentenced Toivo t20 years imprisonment. Toivo ended his Address by saying that although he did not welcome prison, he did not think hit efforts mid those oflhis colleagues had been wasted. If he were to know today of the Ovambo workers' great strike two years ago, and of SWAPO's continuing straggle and increasing strength he would know that he has been correct. THIS SOUTH AFRICA THE Bloemfontein supermarket Nictus (Pry) Led, offers many advantages to its customers, witness its advertisement: 'You can shop wish us without being overrun by non-whites.' Manager A I J Bores' explaies that blacks are not allowed in the supermarket but ame served at counters. 'In the past non-whites stood in the aisles where nobody could pass them. Also they did not know what to huy~tao we introduced this; system to intake it easier for them.' Botes is pleased to think that his black customers will no longer he confused by the great array of products in his self-service section. A TRANSVAAL construction company has anr excellent reason foe not providing its African nighewatchesen with protective clothing or shelter. 'They ame supposed to walk around doing their job, not fall asleep,' says a company spokesman. A BUS company defends its iniquitous use of black drivers for white passengers, taying: 'We are not trying to force any doors open. It is just that when we have a shortage of white drivers, pamsengers prefer to be driven by a black than to wait on the pavement.' BLACK people who come to South Africa as official guests have been allowed tomue the whites- onlybeach at Umhilanga Rocks, near Durban. Local people are faced with a problem: If they see a black person on the white beach, how do they tell whether he is; a black black- or an honorarywhite black? I HOW NICE oif the Ferndale Male Voice Choir, from Wales, to make a special recording foe Ian Smith while they were in Rhodesia. The recording, made before they moved on to tour South Africa, was of 'Oh Rhodesia', to the tune of'God Bless the Prince of Wales'. THE DEPUTY Minister of the Interior, Mr Jimmy Druger, is quite satisfied with the methods used by his department to determine raceon the bashs of parentage, speech, deportment, demeanour, habits, education and sociial acceptablty. 'All men are equal before God,' he says happily,.'0ut,al men are not equal because the differences are obvious.', THE BEST way to keep your black Work force quiet, says ne Natal employer, is to keep their bellies empty. This simple method'willf also ensure there is always u pool of workers ready to work for whatever you're prepared to offer, 'When they are hungry they'll compete for j .obp and they'll work,' COLOURED women can now be employed in while hairdressing salons, thanks to the generosity of the Department of Labour. But naturally they muat not he seen by the public on any account, and While they wash women's hair or hand curlers to trained hiairdressers,1 they mast somehow arrange to be behind screens and .'invisible'. AFRICANS should always bear mn mind that the white man saved them from the decit'vaction of tribal wars, and broaght them civilisation aind a higher standard of living than anywhere- else in Africa. That is the message fromh Dr Connie Molder, inister of the Interior. He admits, however, that the Africans have been loyal uader 'difficult circam stances, that they have often been exploited and that there is a resistance from whites to learn their language. World campaign for, priso

LAST MONTH in Blackpool the ConservatiVe Party voted to maintain sanctions against Rhodesia. JUDITH TODD reports on the Tory Conference. WALKING through theWinter Gardens at Blackpool prior to the Conservative Party's debate on Rhodesia was an initially depressing experience. Scores of the Tory delegates wandering under the vast ceilings looked and sounded as though they might be equally at home in the Congresses of the Rhodesian Front and David Lardner-Burke, son of Rhodesia's 'Minister of Justice, Law and Order', stood in a prominent position busily handing out Monday Club. literature on Rhodesia. The front page of their'Rhodesian Report' was filled with an attack on the African National Council. the second page emblazoned a huge advertisement for Jumbo Jet flights to Rhodesia and Anglo- Rhodesian Society Christmas cards; the third page listed 22 'facts' about Rhodesia at least 13 of which were patently untrue; the fourth. and final page lamely appealed to remaining empire-loyalists with -a picture of the Union Jack fluttering in Salisbury (Which it's allowed to do once a year to commemorate the arrival of the pioneer column in 1890). "Truth about Rhodesia" But some yards away from David Lardner-Burke a young blonde Tory aggressively dished out further lit. erature on Rhodesia. 'Now rend the truth about Rhodesia!' he shouted hit each person Who had collected a paper from Lardner-Burke. His first pamphlet was signed by the Chairmen of various -Young Conservative groups, urging that the Conference, reject the pending motion that Rhodesian independence_ be recognised and sanctions lifted. His second sheet was an analysis of British trade with Rhodesia as opposed to trade with Black Africa. It didn't make any moral points but its implicit message was that it was a waste of time to even talk about raising sanctions. Further down the hall the PEST desk handed out papers urging an extension of sanctions to all communications with Rhodesia and literature from the Federation of Conservative Students also opposed the motion. It seemed, 'on the fringes of the actual conference hall that the Conservatives had never been so divided on Rhodesia. Hanging advocates But inside the hall, when people turned from hanging to Rhodesia, the division was not so apparent. The hanging-advocates were still in triumph-flushed voice and right up to the time that the Foreign Secretary rose to replyto the Rhodesia debate it seemed ery likely that the motion would be passed, perhaps even overwhelmingly. Councillor Mervyn Jtnes from Eton and Slough moved the motion. Predictably he started off with Chile. Why it had taken Britain only eleven days to recognise Chile and yet Rhodesia was still unrecognised? UDI, he explained, had simply been 'a peaceful adoption of office.' Britain mast therefore lift sanctions and recognise Rhodesian independence on the basis of the- 1971 terms which Rhodesia's Africans had mistakenly rejected. Boos and derision Mr Jones retired in waves of applause and was succeeded by Robin Squire, Chairrian of the Greater London Young Conservatives who, because he opposed the motion, faced a swell of boos and derision. A further speaker against the motion, Joseph Egerton, an earnest Oxfordian, was greeted with cries of 'Rubbibh!' when he stated that 'those who vote for the motion are voting against the entire life- Tories desert kith and kin work of lain MtcLeod! The most entertaining speech in terms of hilarity it provoked amongst members of the Press and the Greater London Young Conservatives, and the broad smiles seen on the platform, was by Peter Chalkley from Finchley who, unlike others, he said, had actually visited Rhodesia. He had found two African tribes who 'disliked each other intensely but nonetheless were happy and cheerful. He had spoken to hard- working* and likeable African MPs ho weren't really able to do much because of their tribal differences but who agreed that the Pearce Commission had been a disaster. Golf balls He did not want to play down the plight of White Rhodesians 'Our kith and kin' were short of one or two things-notably golfballs, ,h said with all solemnity. Urban Africans however lived in conditions which made most British estates look like clearance areas. Sir Alec was at length introduced by the Chairwoman who said ttat the Foreign Secretary was not well and it had been feared that he was losing his voice. 'I can assure you, Sir, that with or without a voice we are delighted tp have you with us.' the day. And so he did, but with a speech which the Guardian has since described as one of the best in.his political career. He did not once mention the rejected 1971 terms which still lie 'on the table'. That in itself was significant. More significantly, he carefully plotted out Britain's trade with Black Africa and said that Winningtheday thewell-being of Rhodesia and not for Britain's inconvenience. If sanSuch was the rapture that greeted etions had never been introduced Sir Alec and it seemed possible British trade with Rhodesia would that just by clearing his throat be bur a tiny fraction of her trade against the motion he would win with Africa. But if sanctions were Tangwena fight back remote mountain str( THE TANGWENA first hit world headlines four years ago when they resisted attempts by the Smith regime to evict them from their land. Today, driven high up into the mountains, they are still fighting back, as SIMON FISHER found when he visitedtheir hideouts. ,A YEAR AGO Zimbabwe's Tangwena tribe were in the news as they defied renewed efforts by the Smith regime to evict them from their land. They are still there, as I have confirmed on several recent visits to the mountain hideout in the Eastern Highlands where Chief Rekayi and 500 of his tribe are living. The Tangwena me now living on exposed mountain sides at a height of 7000 feet. Their clothes are ragged and torn and few have coats or blankets to keep out the winter cold. They live in makeshift hides, always ready to move as police patrols constantly probe the area, arresting anyone they can find. During the dry season the men make the long trek to reach the kraals from which they were hounded when the police first arrived with landrovers and helicopters. The huts have been razed to the ground six times, yet the Tangwena continue to return and rebuild. The Tangwena's attachment to the land is far more profound than a European can appreciate: each hillock and- waterfall has such mystidal and historical significance that they have become part of the tribe ifself. At the very centre of the Tangwena struggle stands Chief Rekayi, whose authority is not recognised by the regime since he refused to acceptthe official chief's salary and the subservience that goes with it. He exudes courageous defiance and. he will, with little encouragement, launch into an impassioned defence of his people and demand that the British Government restrain its 'unruly children'. In spite of cruet provocation he is no racialist: hisdemands are only for the restoration of his tribe's land and for the right to live in peace. His role is crucial, both in maintaining morale and in acting as spokesman and defender of his people. Shortage qf food is one factor which could eventually force them to capitulate. At the moment enough ended 'we will pull the rug from under the feet of those in Rhodesia working hardest for racial harmony.' There was an unexpected sense of realism and urgency about Sir Alec's speech. If there was not a peaceful settlement between black and white leaders in Rhodesia 'the terrorists will take the future out of their hands.' Amidst a flutter of dramatic posters unfurled by the Greater London Young Conservatives-'We oppose all racism' underlined by pictures of unsmiling Smith cheek by jowl with unsmiling Amin-the Tores overwhelmingly rejected the from ngholds ground maie is being smuggled through to them for one meal a day, but its nutritional value is very low and there are at least 150 children to look after, including about 30 of the youngest who have spent all their lives in hiding. The older children were being schooled at a nearby farm until last year when they Were rounded up by police and taken to Salisbury. Government propaganda now states that the Tangwens have abandoned their children because they will not travel the 150 miles to claim themand be arrested in the process. In their attitude to the Tangwena white Rhodesians are displayinig the same insensitivity which is providing the African people throughout Zimbabwe to mounting resistance. While I was with the Tangwena a tribesman reported an incident in which an African constable sided with him during an interrogation by a European police officer. Such signs of disloyalty among African. soldiers bode ill for the white minority, as does the ease with which the Tangwena cross the nearby frontier with Mozambique without detection. Vorster tours border police camps IN THE last four months, no fewer Minister of the Interior and Infor- Rhodesia. In July six unfamiliar than four SouthAfrican Government mation, Connie Mulder, the man helicopters were seen flying over Ministers have paid visits to tipped as Prime Minster Vorster's Salisbury, and it was later conRhodesia. Prime Minister Vorster successor. Mulder's visit was des- firmed that these were South was in Rhodesia in July to do some cribed as 'purely private' though he African. According to a Rhodesian 'fishing' at Kariba, and it was repor- made a well-publicised tour of north Government spokesman they were ted that Vorster did a hurried tour of eastern Rhodesia where freedom 'part of the normal back-up for South Africa police camps along fighters have been particularly South African police operating in the Rhodesian-Zambiaborder, active, thiscountry'.Thisisthefirstofficial Soon after South Africa's minis- This flurry of diplomatic activity confirmation of the presence - of ler of Police and Minister of underlines the concern which is South African military aircraft in Tourism were in Rhodesia on formal felt by the South African Govern- Rhodesia. visits. They were followed by the meat about the security situation in motion. But, if tht real truth were known, we would probably find thai many of those on their feet for a second ovation of Sir Alec were thinking of neither the motion or Rhodesia. Three more hanged by Smith 'THREE MORE freedom fighters were hanged by the Smith regime on October 19. As on previous occasions their trial was held in secret and their names were not disclosed A South African policeman was killed and at least five others injured in a series of attacks in Zimbabwe's north western and north eastern areas in late September and early October. A Rhodesian serviceman was also killed In the north west guerrillas attacked a South African police post at Urungwe on the morning of September 27. The Rhodesian Commissioner of Police refused to disclose details of the attack or of South African casualties, but confirmed a report that a South African policeman had been injuyed. On October 3 a South African policeman died and three others were injured, one seriously, when the vehicle in which they were travelling hit a landmine. Security Forces headquarters in Salisbury refused to disclose exactly where the incident took place. The policeman was gien a military funeral in Pretoria. Twenty one servicemen have now been killed usnce fighting began last year and four South Africans have died on border patrol duties since January. The first indication that black South African police are being used on Rhodesia's northern borders came in a report of a visit paid by Ian Smith to South African police camps in the north east at the beginning of October. According to the Johannesburg Star, during Smith's visit he was visibly moved by the singing of the South African anthem Die Stem by black and white members of a South African police camp 'at a remiote point near Rhodesia's north eastern frontier.' An African, Rivers Chimunondo, accused of killing a white farmer during a guerrilla attack on a fannhouse in the north east has descirbed at his trial in Salisbury how lie was tortured by police after his arrest. He said that he was given electric shocks every day for two weeks, immersed in a bucket of water until he lost consciousness and burnt on the back of die neck.

Guinea Bissan pzoctaitii . ~ I "', .... .'O " Proclamation oft 'THEPRESEN tineinthe frst objective t history frmikind is marked by of Guinea Bissau a the people's struggle towards Verde Islands. adD their complete emaflitation these two teetos from coloaism,impe ism ceinofanA and all other forms of domination which i stu and oppression that impede the mhch es stong advanceme nt and dignityof man, mrh tad peaceandprgress. So.i Intheliberated areasof =.d Guinea Bssau,our people, guided 'The state o G by the African Party for the regards as thre bmr Independence of Guine and the its external policy 'Cape Verdes(PAIGC), under thre ment of the tlis able direction of its founder and and cmbatve ilst oremost militant, Amilcar people with th.so Cabral, have built over the last for freedom and im 17 years of political and amned Africa, Asia 'an L. struggle, a new life. They have at and with all A 'thor disposal a solid political struggling against h, organ isation, tan administrative 'The State ofG., organation that is,in constant an integral part of iA evoluition,ajudicialOrganisation,fightingfortheu a devel0hon economy, Socia African peopieaw! and cultural services and national freedom, dignit ant arled forces.... eth political,eon, 'In- flagrantviolationofthe c ron and cultural international law of our times, peoples-.. 'the Portuguese colonlalists still 'The State o G anssin in scene prtion Of Our ...u..mas the teape national territory. The highst promotingthe e ,an intrnational body, the United of the county Nations, has recognised many materialfon4ria times the illegality of this development oftc presnce . .and lesianologysylt constant intrep * "" Power ." standards ofth ec aonomic lif o o 0, . ': O'Tire NationalPopularAssem.wanttoachievea bly was formed on the bsis of the well-being and, r 'principle that power comes from tesonoure mo :the pieople and muast Serve the 1peole It is formed by reprren- 1 g t7atives elected by universal suffrage, direct and secret, add 'From the hiti IN September the National the mjiddle of 1963 when 'the being rlduder the dualleader-" The process cntinued in 1972. xressanfsvreg wiofth .'roclrte n a Popular Assembly of Guinea first small liberated areas Were ship of the PAIG and electiv A major effort of explanation anof the people of Guinea Bisaus Guinea Bisau,A Bissa*: u proclime thatthe clemdof Portuguese control. committees. As' the ment an organisction ~by full-time PAIGC 'iving voc totesvrin te ogaisatiownf u ws an indepndent handestin vllgeommittees of women who led the strgle, work.workers opened a campa fora iofthepeopletheNnlo ni c.. anlr_ supportforthePAIGCthenbeganedoutitsStrategies,andfought generalelectin toug tt Polaf Athe lyassembled in ilngal ate state. BAStL DAVIDSON dis- to grow into public coomittees the Portuguese occupying forces, liberated aes. Thia was carried ie region of Ble on Septembler voi . lenga fora h cussea the background to and of people's particiption in the the PAIGC were backed now by a through the simmer months, sad 24 1973, solemnly proclaims the state has no ngtI sigificance of the pro- struggle. detailed political structure which. resulted in-the election by direct state ofGuinea Bissau. any agreement ci clarnatbon. AsthearmyofPAIGCgrew hadneverexistedbefore. andseceetballotofa people's 'The state of Guinea Bissau is involving our count WITH THE decelaration n Sep- tronger, was better abletdefend This structure still lacked co- comiittee far each of the fifteen a sovereign, republican, democra- ments, convelutb te be, 24 of an independent its liberated areas from Portuguese ordinating/ a of its own, regions of the liberated areas, tic, anti- colonialist and atil- alliaces and aoc State of Guinea - Bl"au, offensive raids, and could slowly Looking ahea towards indepeni. Towards i e end (f 1972 these imperialist stat and has as its in ths past k( asal movement of liberation and putsh the Portuguese out of broader dence, Cabral and his colleagues ffteen regional comittees e reconstruction led by the PAIGC areas in the south and north and decided that the time had come met and selected. from among s aoh s vt r east, theseoinmitteesofparticpa- to widen and intensify popular their numberthoase Who were to severely challenged. Knowingthi, First, it transforaw iperia i . . ...tion ofactiveinvolvementimtheparticipation onlyin te form a People's National theyclosed their ranks in ager, t op Sis a victory tr 'sets *a' work of the self-iberated-became local day'to-day work of self- Assembly. This Assembly would and said little to- the world. The longer repiresentels ltadmark alo y the bitter ad more representative, more exper- role but also in the forthcoming adopt a constitution, nominate a worid should judge them by their of iberato,.i. u ilenced, moee effective. By 1965, decions and protlems of a State Council, and declare the actions, not their words. but b an' '' courageous road of Af.ica. - in many*rea, theyhad become national state, country's imdependence;and it hs What their mood was then may ywe "y peoples strugglingagainstforeign fullyeleciecmite epol o~oealtu6se ihiso rule, racism and apartheid. T fi lerivecounittsesp - To that end they promoted nowdone all thi. be gauged from a letter written dowedwithire land sark's value will be recog- fbhe for self-rule on one side, m d election, during 1971, of co- Three large internal objectives by Aristides Pereirn last March, a tures. Many munhi for active co-operation with the ortnating committees for each of may thus be seen to have been personal letter which he will ot nised the State; oth rsed tar into the future, and in political and military full-time their liberated areas. This wk secured. The first was the assurance now mind if I efly uote. le aetointhe every part of Afri a shere this workers of the PAIGC on the was done by the end of the year: of a profound popular involve- wrote of his own sorow at losing wil struggle rages, just as its foun- other This elective nature of the indeed by October when Cabral mut in the formation of State the friend cotrade and leader becoming a fullm cations arise frm the hard-won viUiaee ommiNtais continued to b " organs Tre scdastheif ooe,andleader UnitedN ttion achievementsofthe past17 years. he c contne t brought outdetailednews ofitrgans. The secood wasthe ofsomanyyearsofcommon beafull me T eaelargec ; t bereinforced. duringisvittoBitainanddieinitiationofaconstitutionals. effort. T -ra c t d By1970theprogresswasSuchIrishRpubic. arationofpowersbetweenState isationofAfrinotexaggeratethetruthofwhat thatalltheliberatedareaswere andparty, legisiature and execu- Criminal Secondly, 41th hashappened. t t.tire:aseparationwhich,inCabral's 'Butthis is how I feet myself, translates a strif. Here I Should like thinking fro thefirt,istobe asaperson. As a militant, my pios hope of intern quicklyattwoaspectsofthe carriedfurtherundercoIt$sets a r p* carried r de nlitions indignation and con temnpt for the It tsaer declaration. What is its -esning ofpeace.Thethirdwasthe enemy continues to grow as we the territories he, for the gnsSle of Guinea Bissau com pletiol Of the country's get the full details of this criminal against cotonijim inside that country: as it were on independent political structures, conspiracy which the eneny was still goes on. theinternalsideofthematter? providingmongotherthingsa able to a outsowell.Tis meal whenttl And what is its wider meaning for maoiding amo rthigas abl sw Themoneths manifestly demnrati basis for hatred and revulsion give me still torai, soeasipi the se of liberatin: as it were theorgansofthisnewState. morestrangthandenergytocarry t overseasr otereeidthrough the wotk that the work desperately for Logial of all of us, ad was the workof or subvertig U Logical Onthehumanside,ofcouse, Amlearwhomwehavelost meatsthrougeran .Thefirstpointtonticeisthat allthishasmeantmuchmore. On the human sideth ee r- form' or'c the declarationt ofindependence is When agents of betrayal murdered atiosn of independence is one more But the derletati not made as sosse-sortofarbitrary CabrallastJanuary,andsorely vindication of the fighting unity yond equivoc" ayfpoliticalwarfare.Onthe woundedCabrat'sdeputy,Pereira, and integrity of the men and of national libarAs logical ia the outcOme of they were acting on a Portuguese women thePAIGCandlh saleorforan*ii l:ocalandplannedproceeof, .. . ,a' - plan aim ed at ie system ati people whos they lead' h and that theise socialandpoliticalseconstruction, ddlls"antlmentofthePAIGCby poenaado e clylae C t has man northing andisthe eas of the struc- ' means of sabversion Even though planned, and delayed only by a complete free turesofaorwsocietyemerging . theplanahadnoclhaeof success, few months because of Amilcar's from foreign or si1 intheliberatedonesofGuinea . themenadwomenofthePAIGC death and Pereira's need to Ee- declaration wlyl Bissau in the past ten years. Aristides Pereirasuccessor to AmilcarCabral as SeiretarY-Geweral kmew very well, all the way u p cover from the ,ssassin's wounds. liberated futiwe These structures of a new fat PA : 'Tie drearationf indepeneae translates a state of ..and down theworlanh of command, Externally, the declration as continent, andsa c socety begans to take shape after fadt, and not a pious intenataon to Ile free.' -that the world thoughut 'them at leant two important meanings. modest and rodtFl ration colonialista involving our country Cape wilt be submitted to the Popular on of Asembly which will review them Ir the in accordance with the interests rrland of our people. which 'The State of Guinea Bissau affirms the principle that it is struggling against Portuguese colonialism and not against the PortulguSe people,withwhomBisu l iomaintain ves reltins of friendalip and ,force- roribty. Aofou, Borders nelin 'Thebordersofthe State of Guinea Bissau mark the bounds- C ~ winning their rights alsned world . e a4sU d At another meeting held o Otct suppor of the Puo, ent~N :r Portuguese mission same time 500 Catholics attended a Ma s for justice for the African people in the Portugurse colonies at St Pat ick's Cathedral. Vigil --F--rtnoemguiwist% ip

INSIDE SOtUTHIERN AFRICA South Afica BPC leader goaled for five years TTIELTE ACY Dhreciar f SASO (he black South African Students Orgnisation) Jeff Duro Baqwa, " wnas sred withi a five year bannsing order, and restricted to the FLL zrumkalu district in the Tranisyssa on 'October 12. All thre senior ofils of SASO who ate still in Sothl Africa have now, been place d u' nder restrictioni ordrs. -., At lise beginninI!,ofOctobmer the BPC'sr National Olganise, Aaron Mosibueli Mangena, waa gaoled for five years after being found guilty of participating in 'terrorist. activities'. Police witnesses alleged that be had helped to send~ young nien overseas for military training. In the last few mopnths the Governmen t hat moved against leaders of SASO and the militant Black People's Conventions (BPC) in the same wiy as they nved against, hurndreds of mnfidle-ranling leadership of the banned African National Congress and Pan African Congress in. the rnld-1960s. Nearly all SASO and BPC's leaders are now banned, ) Two days before Deino Baqwa was banned, Security Police caught up withl SASO's Secretary General Ben, Langa and served him with a restriction order. lHe bad been missing since the day the police first "ls~ed at his office with his barn ing order. At the sme time an order wasserved on Johnny hesel, SASO's Regional Or~anitr' in the We'te,,, Cape. The former National Youth Chairman, of the Coloured Labour Party, Acinat Dangor, hasalsobeen S banned. His banning order restricts him to Johsanssburg, prohibits hiss froms attendancerat social or political gatherings and prohibits hin from 'anly-gathering of pupils or students asembled for the purpose of being instructed, trained or addressed by ytou.' The order is specifically d esi~gned to stop~him~ contia sing tn his presetpos tas an orgnniser Iss the out Deartentof the South African Instittute of Raceelations. Four leading SASO and BP memasbers- all of them banned h'sae left South Africa illegally and are reported to be in Botwana. 'They are aryNengwekulu, former SASO oegeaisec, who was restricted to Sibasa in thet northemn Transvaal, Bolcwe Mafisna, who was employed byBlack Community Programmes as its regional field organiser in Johlanlneasurg, lToeka Maftde, hist assistant and Miss Nosi Matchoba, who workced for the BPC as a clerical aistant. Abraham Tiro, the student whose graduation day speech sparked' off last year's protests. at ltsp segregated black Unsiversity of the 0 North,h as also left thecc oun try. Rolls Royce ~engines for SA air force ~T4E ONE HUNsDREBD Aeiacchi MB 326Kf fighter plane, which South Africa is to busild under licorice from ar Ialian firsts ate only part of a consignsmentof neatly 200 ,tew asrcrft to be acquired by the Sothl African Air Foscie. The comsgrncrt Aso includes 40A.... Armclsi AM 8Cs for thre Army, Air Corps reconnaissanc setonl and 4 of the latest Mirage Fl join tem on. theic employers' fightier. premises. Thre MIB 326K is fitted fil a W~hites who employ, Africanis as Rolls Royce Visper 632 turbo'jet slrvants are also being asked by the engine, made inder liei e by an authorities to sign a document that Italian firs, under an agireent they will dismss , them if they bring signed in the early 1960s when the children onto -he premises. ast. Labour Govetnent 'as in The ruling applies to all African power. women from 'the 'homelands' who Tewhole deal shows that any ate allowed to work in the arms embargo which excluder a ban Johannsburg area on a 12-month on licence algreements which enaible 'contract basis. fo~reign ficelsees to sell e qsiipsnant 300 striktoSouthAfricaisshotfuillof 3 1 ~ JJ loophlsay rConservative spoksanrl ichael Heeltine confioned this when he a We said in reply to a parlinnentary question by Frankl Judd NIP on THREEi hunsdretd African. workcers October I6: 'Exports bv third went ony strike at the Stellenbosch. coulntrLies to Southl Africa of arms .Frrsers'Wneydepot near Durban or sailiry eqipmenst incorporeating in sniid'October. Rosll Royce producsr technology The workers said that they were are a matter for theQ G~overnments being paid f6.96 a week basic wage 'of tilecountlries voinimed.' plus a E1.16 bonus, and denied The new deal also thows t ht mnagemsent ciaims lat theywere South Africa is mon rapidly receiving between £11.60 and ahecad' with its policy nf building f 14.50 a week., arnamenits 0side South Afrieato lh strike began after the get rotund the UN isembargo. msaagement failed to reply to the The first 20osfits AermfacchiMB workcers' demands for a E2.90 a 3 26Ka will be made en tirely in ftaly week increase. On Friday October but preparatitonsare being made for 12 thsey arrived at the depsot for the model to bxe assembled by work assual but afterthey had Sooth Africa's Atlas Aircraft received their weekly pay packets Corporation. in msid-morlsing they left for their The Corporation is also plansaing homes' to assemble Mirage F1 fighters and Strikers said that they would the first of these is expected to roll retrm to work onl Monday to meet off the assembly line in 1977. the company's personinel director The importance of foreign invest- from its Capse Town head office, inent generally to South Africa's but that they would not go hack to military build-up was underhard work until their claim had been recently by a statement by Defence met. Minister PW Botha that his Ministey is to draw up a register containing -foil detailsof everyindustryin i o w n i Sourth Africa capableofassisting with theproductionofarms'in Terrorism A c " :" Act times of crisis'. The register would rey include such fis as Leyland SOutih appeals Africa which already manufactores Land Riovems for the South African YOUSEF Essack and lndthrasen Defence Force and most of whose Moodley have won their appeals Motorm anufacturing capacitycould against their conviction under the be rned over to tarypurpos Terrorism Acr. The two men were and ICI associate AE & Cl which sentenced to five year prison terms manufactures explosives. lst November after being found Defence Minister Boths sssd that guilIv on chargea of raking part in a 'healthy and dynamic ecosonic terrorit activities. structure' was one of the basic Thre two- were accused of conrequirements for tesistance against spiring withsAhmsed Tim of who died threats frons abroad.' while he was being interrogated by Security Police a year ago. Housew ives MrsAminaDesa,whowss seemed with the two mess, was refused leave totapealiayd is servng refuse wage adfiveyearsentence ander"the Terrorism Act. increases ANGRY white hosewives have been C ricket visit protestingtote ot Ar c oneaed a African servants working conditions r pbihdbytheinstitute,The jnf li m eeting leaflet had been distribsuted to 40,000 domestic workers ins the A MEETIING organined bytheJohannesburgarea. Alimed Titmol Memsorial Commssittee According to the Institute's to mark the seconsd annirvemsary of Sothern Traseal Secretary. Mms Ahmied Timol's deathrsunder ssterroSue Gordon: 'One of the main gation by'the South Afticandecurity complants was thatlIhad'the cheek Police, was told by the Cssloitred 1o give the Jeaflets diret to the Labour Party's Depsuty Leader, wor'kers, -instead of' going to their Ravid Curry, that bladck pesople in 'insdans2 SoothAfricawerechangingtheir 'Ansother comptlaint was that "all attituides and developing a pitilosothle sereants in onr area have that phy of 'black conaclousnes' pamphlet and you- are causing He said that two black cricketers, trouble by ianding it out." Yopuscis Ahmed of Pakistan and John 'Yet another was against file Shepherd of the West Indies, viho wage we said domecstic servants are planninlsg ritois torouth Africa ,1rould receive: R35 Iabout C20.30) witlas thje Derrick Rtobins crickret a month. (an anyone really claims tesam woueld ofsa be welcorned by we are askinsg ton snuch?' blacks in Sioth Aflies, Soesrvsi townsountd He saldbiewanted tosay Johannesbr are being forced to publiclyto the~ twso-nen: 'We do sign away thpeirchiildren for as long lnt View Your Visit to SotathAfrica an they worlsklfsr whites. They, have with gratefulineas. to pledge that they understand they - 'W~e wilt dot be used an the wilt late their jobs if their chlidrets white moan's toul for crowlIng beck into the sport world-fil e wants ro, "rawl back into world sport, let himn crawl on his own tnderbelly not as the backs of the blacks." The neetingcommemorated the deaths of 22 -people while' in detention under the country's Terrorsm 'Act. We are at war -Army chief SOUTHI Africa is involved in enemy action which could be described as water, 'accordinsg to the country's ArmV Chief, Liutenant General took Mal".s, - e i ta the Aftria se Junior Sakekasmer(ChaniberofConmmerce): 1t is dangerous to become complacent or to te over-confident in or defencde rce. ' Remember-other 'tstes inl Africa can fight and lore and tome back again. We can only lose once.' General Melarn said that only 'a snall percentage of the three arined forces was, made up of career soldiers. le urged emlyers to give sympathetic consideration tn young men illing to serve i n the South African Dlefence Force and asked that this service should not interfere with volunteer futrte careers. Police question Imulti- racial cricket team THE FIRST multi-tad 0 sports tea i-ascricket X-to play offcially at club level were interviewed, by police ast heycatme oif the field at ltse beginning of Octobar,-Police took down the names of playersmembers of the-Aurora cricket club in Natal-as they stopped play. The matchawent ahead in spite of an urgent proclamation iassuedbythe Minister of Sport, Pit Koei hof, declanng multi-racial athees on private or public grounds unlatfl. The Aurora Club has questioned the legality of the piroclamation. According tot the police papers will be forwarded to tht Attorney-General and the case tv-Ill be a test one. Black townIhips hear ANC broadcasts THE AFRICAN National Congress lisbegun dolly broadcestsato Sooth Africa on the External Service of Radio Zambia. Every programme gout out in English and one African language. Somec prograinmess ate also transfled into Aftikiant. Thestaion broadcasltsfrom 1.30 2.30pmn on the 31 and 60 meter bands. Reports from the African townchips around South Africa's main cities say that the news that the ANC can be heard on the radio is spreading among, the people there. South Africa is key market -UK minister BRITAIN regarded South Africasa one of its key export markets, according to Lard Ocisaihyn.r Minister without Portfolio, who is On a two-week visit to South Africa. Lard Druldbyss's brief it to promote trade between SouthAfrica and liritam. He went onlto say that Britain in-tended to remain 'a very good customer' for South African prodt. He said that 1 trade missions from Britain would visit Stuth Africa in 1973,making a total of 60 in the past five years. Army dominated by Afrikaners THE proportion of Afrikanes to Elnglish speakers an the South A'frcan armed forces is shifting more and more in favour of the Afrikaners. They now oursiamber English speakers bysseariy l to 1 According to the South AfricanDefence Force's Registering Officer, 62 pee cent of the 30,000 youths called up for next yeas -gave Afrikatans as their home language, at opposed to 38 per cent English speakers. The figures used lobe 60 per cent Afrikaans to 40 per cent English. ZimbabweUCR Students app.eal against sentences ONE HUNDRED and fifteen African students at Univerisiy College, Rhodesia have appealed againsL gaol sentences of between six and nine monthss hnpased after deomstrations on the university canpus last. August. Police with dogs were called onto the mmrrias to break updprotests against the erpaisiion of aix stuidents, isncluding the President of the Student Representative Council. Three lecturers at the university have been deported since the demonstrations after they protested againstf the presence of poliee on campus. Latest news from the university is of a row blowing up over staff salaries. Black lectur es have "alleged that white members of the academic staff receive larger salaries: this has been denied by the univemity authorities. NamibiaBlack,,, leader flogged JOHANNES Nanigutcilsla, leader of DEMKOP (Demnocratic Co-operative Development Party), was subjected to a public flogging at the end of October, After the flogging he had to be taken to hospital by friends. The punishment was ordered by the stooge Chief Minister of the Ovamboland Bantuotan, Filemon Eilifas. Johannes Nanigruuala las just been released from prison, where he had been held incommunicado tor severa] weeks writhout churge. In the Ovabo and Bantustan's territorial court eight members Of the SWAPO Youth League were fined £58 or six months gaol after being found guilty af 'convening, holding, addressing oratending' an illegal public meeting in Ovamboland on July 29. Hundreds ofpeople are still being detained without trial in Ovansholand after demonstrations and meetings which were held throughout the area in protest against the electins for a stooge Legislative Assembly in August.

AntiAparthi d News Novembher 1973Pg9 Toru sde tue.i~ 1,d:1p,, fste10 easn opulation(19.7) N~ubrofeectur iccarapdlydiecreasingactive the regime's atiue toads te ,,, ,,, I ,atiialAssmbly th Potuga 8,00,00 2000000population. In thsat year the e10io 00of represettivesof~ p[-,,-i~6)4teCttoeg.tuAnlapopulationofMozeambieqt#10 tloP~ortgue eclavewhcwa 11,im itejoetteMoabqu2,00,000 16004 meillion,isextpectedtexceedchat aneed by Ini as ogaoa bacwarness,Potugalhaatheost CaeVed1Iands 272000O 2545oPortugal,whichwilhave even 1956). Goa, whose ovror adacdelectoralmcninthe GunaBsa 47,000 112,6 lessthanthe86nmillion rgisteredi Geneal stisis tin exile inLibonu in68 thve 1970ensus. wasuntlreentlyrepeentedb Ws.SoTmisad763140 7,206 AcAnadcarCabralfocresaw,thcethree depuciin the National Euoencutisi cntk t Mem 48,0002:594 recentprocelasation'ofindespecad- Assembtly, symlcally eletdb leat2hursbeorethfulesutseurobyGuineaBisau'esNatioal Gosacresidingin 'Potgl Anola ofneetinaeknw i ortugal Meo~t o cu' p apttit is made up of(Cinaese 'temary~~e~cec Popular Assembly, rapidly and Mozambiquce. tin Orandansociofiyt countriess' hbtspre- Pace of change nae fthe ;bit addae r sW'ta b n'storca- u fyuime h hving eutanlinesnt from ertor~h UneaarceteoCLlreom annucd joe ,.d-td" iheve serediltrtheamforfouryears- hksbcome agrowinglabltyt Goan epesentationw itained to 0-ieforfoeigeseime tomk rpgmaoto fiabc potdfo ua h reglime,however, through in5 unen,111'Esenill i rleson a eniey rggdetora exercice. life an dcie to sek better selective censorship ,on 'strategic ~toi decided to redute the numb~er thnmeroe~ltorswhs nae work~ingcoditionsand4payabroadl. issuces',andby prevntngoppoision of its deputies~ frocm three to e. arfednto'mri~optrn Srnglf ig P h hrtrmhiusaeacittt candidatesfromstan~dingforthe That, mnany obaerver think, about AlilhsamnoeShrae 'oesa disrits-rclrly sooniup the pate of cag dec3 vng A cr, 47 yars of 'of wha sociit callr the aging' prepared to allow anypuiblic di. Caetacio, who celebrated the fifth a oa o~~ir oe2 fascistll,h_ajsm poi- of the poipulation isit Portu~gal rcostImseOf (he notvit al naetia anniversary of his accesion~ to miloaealwdt vt-~ 'a ques 9tions- power lastSeptember where tihe wht popuion is o hctrongest left wings in Europe. esiae t22,0 n 0,00 Theiflueceofsorialistideas'1 T ~ C ' C i C rcpJivlthebro ___tr canobemeasuredintermseofCo g e s p o es N T alot cide wih the whie party gropinpctgs or elections, but in setepoplation tersofinimigrationscrption A 1h f. ' evasion pasive resisane to war 4 1 IJ1L ( 1) ~~ ~ ~ Ti Sisctcas.f op~oc recentlyaconowledged ABOUT'700memblersofD~utech ceimplex peovided estemrctuelean Minty, warnedth 1cogensas to he Porugl drig he ees ead~ing by Prime- Manster Cetace who actios grocups on Southern Afreica industrial and trade circles with constanctly alert to tice dtangterous uothe lct ondcterta preshIui over a goveercment still attencded a woerking congress to their motive to ba~ck up the socio. deveopments in SouthAfrc.Pbi the~~ ~ ~ ~ 0ctbr2 lcinwoutb ruingtth e point of thnand opos NATO plans in Southern econIoic n isalitarysyatin of the opinaion could prevent anothran dingth e rs o the sist conplainnsthtotePPmtSofflie Afria t tje Uiversity of Twente w~hite strogod in the South. evecn worse Vietnasm, he aid Tol reim ae frearedtwork tintshice,Hlla~nd,inSeptembser. Anotherspeakere,~pace sarch applause,he apipealed tothe cnrs regim. wihin te sytem.The oposiion. In Bonn lastNovemaber the NATO expert. Iylkc Tuorcsp, pointed out t put aside'posile dferences n Bu thsa tinme no oppoiion he says, wan~ts to 'abandon' the Coni se h Atlaticr Cont- that the wealthof straegi irals a c ocentrate on comnbined ation cadtes w~ere allowed in the oerseas territories and are, bcyand ad SCAT to Worki out in Southern Afric indce bpower aiswde mlcittaryinvolement in Arcncolonies; in the Azorec age 'rvltinr moeen' Plansf the 'protection'oaf supply groupsill theWes intferca~tfoie di Soucthern Afica cnflict. were di4squalified. InPortgal In fart, following all inernational routes round the Cape. the conct bcetwteen the whsite The congress deeats ms of ,f 1 out of14 patnc an traed, the clandestine Commusinist The terns of refeirence of the minority andi the oppressed Africane them active loa rupIres Ji4t5inde iso sritwr Pay and the illegal Socialia Party exercise notqed~ 'the' draatic miajority. spent somne time ins ealin and deandbyth threan later rece their own 'leteteiande eixpanccon of the Snviet navy in crectionofrcurret tactics, herludrelegaed under the thetof pulse a jin declaration just recenta years' tcd it deploymentC mlxigth oct-o Aglncfe .proection after thce voting head beforete strofdelctrl houot the world's oceans hod O tspi aanswee takensplace, capagn (renmembertiMr eath?).teyeon- The coferece decided thae discusseor aationwide blnket Afeter mct ig a e ioal an Fro t n ainternationapit of siered 'that NATO~ isbig out- AT' poinS of departure, 'the colltilon for the lerastion mdovetemorailyallwedDemcraic feaure of the electios was'the South and that itscspply outes... "at e. A morecikl recasnfor the reoning meeting ofthe NATO~ Po y "'a omteesdeideto reiesattd ote'vres aei agro en u fby ivl~iniQSterfricawa ounilinBuseshe~toucnetdeblerbya~ watdt as h usin f M rtm thgreat becmeste lehre to crttainnuer ofdepies.Thu msrsinMmbiquente guarantef'e th eitneode PLA inB iti teopsliio in Portugal wa ony msie xdso opulation ftus Tfhecalled marcitm threat to niiary-industrial coplex. MiP1.A (Pepl' Mvemn for the flo Portugtlwhical-es b taf ? is also parttytbe tlsp'free wol'aihes so eusS a iillitary theat, lttefemibly Liberatiin oAngolarereettv ictotal. uesult of'Sherotd-niirc toamonthlycc~aaedofeRussian usingtheat, Ill5thsedrctwher etheC.adairsatenenyimsage Migifas dy, 'stovitBran iwil'd-wasisa honb Geofre ofth rimrsshat5ofb &efrmNvrub,,1-9~ . 1 . ingiaault"nindviduasand EEout Studies, Fr~ank,Jar nbeias Ol Thir., GornSties 'Lionn inerptio'ofmeeting,parijart the1.loae Thnokngcnreseamnd Hlln'Agl lm esaid OiniesayNovmbe athel Syon toe hen the dto left Portual since 1961 istmade up Other resn orNT' design to that a futuare WesernEuiropean speakattheLondoncb. fdittof~ ~ ~ o littir 'cpita 'ngtil baedt UnvenityofSssex,rigtonin the polmto f tie Rpublticis of ae. ome 10pecnt ar rf theattre ooprations, aaincon- restore 'the whole ofAfrilea toits teeeig nWdedvNv commemoratd. ditualtycampsaignedforbySouth sphereofinlueneThus mightbe her 7 he willviscitirmilngham and Africa andPortugal. enfre mrilt i otarily with two address icertings at Birminghacm On, peakter, irnc 'bjrctives: to screen of frc Untiversity 'at 1pmn and at 'Astons C atholics press for 'rpe~fr saidtheatSouther rmRusa ndCieenlec Clvrtat7pmneevnn semridonftn Pate.Thihsucaie reaino- ,Frher detais: Comitteefo Missionary enqu~iry astrh in with Ohi cC thAngola onsiderableivestments and wsiined depesndence. 'and tecine,~ 12 Lttl NwoctS. CATHOLICcircles'tllover thle takcen by Roa Catholc itedIicentte African - The only foreie speakler, Abdul Locndon W.C.1. 01-73 '9541. 'rld are pressing the Prtuguese institutions and~ individualss are Gtovernmt~ent for an' ensquiry into appeale to the Vatian to review it,. allegations of miasiacres andi the relations with Poriturgat uer rgts ofapiests and'missionaries in Conordat siged with the Salazar Portugawl and the Overeas tercjrios. regime in the 1940s. Under this 'On October 25'Father Marto - Agreement iced the Missionary 4 Olvira, a paih piriest inPortuegatl Statute all the chutrcha dignitariec who a'sbecomse ai ppllar figure and msi onaries inPortgalare paid frhis sermns itndirting the by the Portusguese Governmennt.' Potuguese regimse and capitalit The Cardiasa of Lepirenc as the msain fcesebehind the wars Marquevs d Luanda receive acslary Afria' a ariested is Oporto equltalant to that of the Govereer Great interestlcaealsosutrounded Generals Of Moramcqu acnd the trial of' tw panish priests In Angolaand bishops receive a salary Lurrenco Marques who sese eye- equivalent 'to those of disrirt wi nsst atrorities ina the et governors. Father Mario Oliveira is area ii Mozaniebique. The twe one of the priests who' has press both Busrgos Ftathers, have denounced the subcerv leaceoflc importtant evidlence aout the thurch hieratrchy 'to thq Statt as acins o the Portuguese Army in, tesuiting fro its inancial Mozambique. dependenceontheregime. Muondithe maney istilativesbeing NATOeseapowccaptureedbyfreedomfighlters jabouremust fulfil piedge-AAM THE IMPRTANCEof: th next- forIt_ olidarity with thre struggle incluided in Lahour', Programme of Labour -Government... fulfilling its throughout Solithernl Afric a nd in Action. These werec to: Promsestoi Soiutherns Africa was Guinlea Bissau. For the first time * investigete ways of ending -empsttssned by Joan LasterMIP'~ booksitall wan organised, Bi fish investment in South speaking 7 at the Anti-Aparthed together with the, Corn.. Africa. Movement'sfringemecetingatthe ittte, for Freedoms in * deny independence to ,Labour Party Conferaice. More, than Mozambsqtae Angola and flume Iodiawithout one man one '00 popimostl deleates, ad under the sponsor..hip of the hsei atenedth mesn, el o-Ot- Lboar Party Southern Africa vole Solidnrit Fund metn.*~l nOt end NATO htlp for Portugal's oberIattheCatholicClub. SldltFu. colonialwan Tire otherispeak,,s were Jitni Tw o thousand copies of a leatlet 0 demand the withdrawal of Chissa of Frelimio .(Mozarabic"ie specially prepared for Conference Sooth Africa's illegal presence Lbeeatirn Fro~nt), Peter Kujvv ere given to delegatea asking CLPs fromt Namnibia of SWAPO (Sourh -Writ African to affiliate to the Ant ,iApartheid * people's Organisation) and bohn Movement, tt also ask d them to So, the suppbyof arsto Ga,tieweofSAICTU appoiitdelegatestothlelifere SuthAfrica - Thre meeding wais chaired by on Southern Africa whil, his to be rcpieadspotrt ED, Mikardo NIP, who asked thos e. held on February 16 1974 and Southern African liberation prset o oi heAti-pmhed whichhasofcauprrn movementsintheirjuststruggle preentto jon te ntiApathi ratofcal sponnt fo the The resolution on, Southern lMovelinent and -give it concrete Intenatona C.nrnrDee ofn thehoit Support, -including financial aorta- Labour Party and the Co-operatve Anacnandmn ftepit tance. Over £40 was collected- at Party. in thre policy documnent and was thre melting anodea mnber Of those The main point pitt over was to passed unanimously by Conference. pres.ent joined the Movement. stress the need for delegates to. Regrettably there was no, time for The mee~ting was only part of ens~ure that the promise mn ppoua the issues raised to be thoroughly thre work:done by theAnti- lion was equalled,by the debatedanditistohehopedthatst AparItheid Moveins at thre confer-- Performance of a future Labour next year lime will be set aside so onto winl moresofitl support Goemet Particular policy that the viewsof Conference po0sitions were highlighted which are delegates canl be thoroughly aired.-tme, bist now says he was about our work in thelalinur beyond the obvious ones, whyour base of the habo.moveiisnt. will wrong umovemntgenerally. workinthetradeunionsmusthe theyhaveno chance of sprouting *Jenkins: whetheror nothriois MPsintheParliamentaryLabour intensifiedgreatly. once again. the next Labout Cabinet, can Party, like ,Other potentially It -remains only to asktoWhat Yos faithfully, one ever envonage ham counten- sympathetic MtPs, havr to be won to extent one can entrus t t he present AlanBrooksiThe LabourParty anlingapirogranimeofeconomic ihe Anti-Aparthead Movements, leader-ship of the Labour Party with sanctions agianst Southe Africa. aide. 'The few who actively sutpport this big task? I tile analysis up to W h isi tefon And facing up tothe howls the- Movement play a valuable role this poit is sound the answer must W oi ntefo t and SouthernAfrica ragesuchi.Policywillbernetby buttheycannotbythemselveseria be,nt at alt- A, leadership which I ie of opposition? InteCtLabour Gvrmntopsug r socompletely abandoned AntiTHE 1973 Labour Party confer- 0WaBaraCastle:onceasactive policies ApartheidMovementpolioci When AS AN ordinarymember of the ence~~~~~~~~~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ldpee on eouio i rsietoseAt-prted I perhaps, not yet sufficiently in Office last rime, that at one stage Anti-Apiarthseid Movement, I write Sneout pAledca loneh areostifon t a Proeient. oft the a Apartei rc,.gnucd in the Anti-Apartheid same, members of thse Movement toprotest atthe most unfair attack sothg Afrawch, ato 'frmnal MmeMnite B huhut she wa -Cb sMovment thiat the long-term per- felt sufficiently frustrated -and angry made onl Chief Buthelezi an your str.eflcange ' refernce ofu damna laet Ministr thvroughot Wth forinance of tthe, Labour, Party to seek to drive Labour MPs nut of - October oncue by a Special Correspeaefl wihane, corrcespdonatd tlst delabu cr d overn et ith ership (bo h in ude and nutuide our ranks, cannot be charged with pondeit in the article 'RTZ defe nds broy-withA the poice andvthed ts nd eplorabercord o Snoutr Parliamient) as not simply a matter putting -n clear worked-oult and Basitustans' Who, peaysi h byatheidA Moethe . an th AnI- Afan equ ivco one mutshae' of the predeLictions of the public consistent policyon Souther# ntl Apathd ovntcaneofth Ai-ca, for ichsh stahr figure, whom the Movement courts Africa to the grams-roots of the fresnt line, of tihe oppeasin to Butllwhearemthemntedoftsodepnhlt uatilly, Party. apartheid if it i not Chlif reejuioasa ametoiteeisud y- One could extend the list greatly, It will alto, ad more import- Prank Judd once wrote that liatlelezi, and alioteofhits i114 who a- fraawe ,lafsi goveessnens bui the picturfe would not change ntty, be-detrned by the extent Southern Africa was too important dusptay sutios tdgaC ie? Let a tsook at some of the main much. In anycase, it it essential to Which the policies for which to be loft tn the Anti-Apartheal of turin 1-ti-irt oremal le as tigraum mn the- Labo-, leadership to lift the anlysis above the level we stand for have takien bold of the movemuent, intact, ifit had not heen those i -f y -orn ofiodenit l'l and their record on Southern of 'ersonalities, their strengths and miands of thousands of activists at for the Anti-Aprtheid Moveasot make one wonder, withs the, ir plt Africa. weaknessesandtolookattrends. iitdlelevelsoftheleadershipin therecordof the 1964-70 Labour inability to appreciae l th wrh of It cannot be gainsaid, that it the thre Labour Party (borough and Glovernmenat woald have been even * Wilton last time round hr made pecent Labour leadershup wine to ward chairmen and secretaries oft more direputable than it was. those. w is areenideavoiag to lcil two attemps to settle with Smith be nctrned to office tomorrow, CLPs etc) and$ st tent of thou- The Ants Apartheid Movement the opprtessed, wisent their tii: on ierms that would line en- spported by a PLP little different sands of ordinary members and. mst get stuck a- S a msassive cornes,just-Wlat sort otlae am trentched white sinority rule tIr, from the present PEP (except that supporters of the Labour Party. educational ans propaganda drive they going to- be? HoeteL much the foreseeble future Fqar- it would be largur), the performance When our policies ame their natted at the Labour gram rIo.Bp your Corresponadent ulay disagree vocated over selling seine to of such a govertnment wouldf not he policies, the Labour leadership Will Not a threce ek, not Sa.hree- with Chief Botlseleals, tat cs, to Vor-ster unft he realised thee muth improvement on the previous be pushed. much more surely than month camapaignt but a-whole new Il iti s most distast ft get nanka furI the sake of party unity -Labour Government regarding South they ever could be by the Anti- strategy of actiO n over the next with an attack , fom theaesskirn and Labouri age it w.oldhe Africa. ApartheidMovementitself,along twoymasIfthe Labour leadership amsher of this loonty abad thing. - - This sad -truth poses a vital pro- therightpath. choosmstojoin In' so"m'chthe aio retY hem. fo,, the Anti-Apartheid Move- And Of Course, Whllt the trade better, as long as these participation Yours faithfolly, - a Callaghan: in his foreign policy meait. With a Gepera Election an unions ace ae vitally important force does not confuse or falsify the real Mercy Etigedale speech at Blackpool, he managed the offing, what can we do tfl ensure in their own righ' they also have a choices mank-aiid filem face. Our Speciafl Corrspondent repies: to av..id saying anything about that at a Labour Government wins cola to playI propelling the At present the sdedsof another Itoi impossible in a few lines to give the situation un Southern Africa tei time, the painful stroy willtnot Labop, party" sadits leydershp Labour sell-ut on Sousthetn Africa a full evalusation of it sole played'last time he wianted to sell ams be repealed once agein The imspor- towards te policies wIch a genuine hia scattered aroun d on the ground. by Chief Buthelezt, Suffice it to to Vorvtei- ame ofthis questionis reflected commiitment to freedom in Onlyit the Anti-Apartheid Mow- ntve oloigfcsfo hc in ,discussions n ow going on at Souther Africa necessarily entlast meat gets its Priorities ight and nt h olwnfcs rt hc * Henley foe selling semi tlat various levels in the Movement And this is an additional reason, Works hard andt steadily to win the raders -may draw their own conclusions: Chief Buthelez!iIs an emuployeeN - - of the South Aftican Goverront, As such he earns just over The H-ouse of Aparthi L0aer- Hewsaine nIXoteelte wachs preent 4 Thsis the asare that-Jackbought. thatfiredtheshotsoiwiftandhard Thisitthetaxwith never atword qiio hc aamlet h - - - hf isth fim - ~that sakin the-heart which begantso bleed that went touthe State who gave theno~d pealsoccupiedbylulaangimu, that sold the share that Jack bought. - that heat in the bloick thtpilhaawss inwsgo twjeaadethrrsoa.au Ths s hemii~- --that dlug the gold inethat hold the gun which spoke atlouid 0 H hasid 'We ate, participants Thsih ieta honeinthemiethatfiredthelsotsosiftlandhard inHeprtdelomnwihu -that belonged tothe firm- that belonged to the firm that sank in the heart which began tobleedf cin n acthevesser witahoue --- thatsoldthe slugm that Jackbought, that soldthe share that Jackbouighst. that betat inthe black hiee.forahongat-a choe to "V ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~that dug the goldeltbsoeslodith - dfraonnneefuro Thisistheblack "Thislithemianwhoseaimwasgood that dshotne golde in co-opeirate with the -Govern-thatshougithemned thatheldthegunwhc -pk olu thatbelongedtothefirm meat'spolities.Onceheagreedthatshon,u themine ~that fired the shot-soswiftandliard thtslah hrhtJc ogt ooeaewtiih rmwr that beogdto the firm --that sank in the heart which began to bleed ttsodhehaeit ckbuttof opathed ustae elrmentork that sold the share that Jack bought. - thatbeatintheblack Thiisl~~ thegmoneyand thi -fartheidBortscn tittoaliey letent-i This is the heart which biegan to bleed.- - thatlu,thegold thatsettledhetaxwithnever a-word tnhechosea-path different tha hatla th bac~hl dategld - that shonre in the miethat went to the Stale who gave the nod from Nelson Msandela, Chief that beisnh thenlackthtdgtegl that bselonged tothe firm - that paid the man whose aim was good Albert Llitholi nd Olivecarbo, that shloc d t theinea thatsoldthe-sharethatJackbought. t hatheldthegunwhichspoke soloud of complete rejection -of theat soule toshr that firm bogt that fled the shot to swift ard hard apartheid, whatever the cost,. th - -eTetatJc ogt ThisistheStatewhngaK- thenod, thatsankintheheanrtwhichhbegan to bleed 0 Chief Buthelezi is doubtless aif-Tiluastlseshoctso swift andhard 'thtptainhe ,lu Ifan ,as ood - -,hatbeatintheblack honestandsincereman,Buthr thatsanktotheheartwhichbegantobleed thatheldtheaunwhlcsp oud that dugthe gold frequently condemns aeined---- that beat in thie-black -t -. halfkteitheshot"Ilftndhard -- thatshoneintheine struggle(thepolicyoftheetirethat dug he gold - ,.--that sank inthe heart whilltegan to bleed -that belonged to the firm -:-liberations movement for over that shone in thse mice - -that bell in the black - that sold the share that Jack bought. tenyerm)and-in, oppnehtioa itso that belonged to the firm - that dlug the gol~d everything the LIN and the Ansti--tha sldth sar tatJak ouht tatshi~ i te DileThs s hemoeythattaeckpaid,. Aparthei Movement are doing:, Thiisthegis hic sokeanlod -- -thatbeloege4dtsthefirm lnotisthemenwhonowlies deaid. advoctes foreign investnment in Tfd stegnwiclpk olu hatsoldtheshareithatJackboulght - Bob Dxlaon South Africa. - iAparthei *News November 973Page II REVIEWS Books South Africa's Foreign Policy 1945-70 by James Barber. Publishe4 by Oxford University Press, £4.50. ALTHOUGH there are a considerable number of documents and articles dealing with South Africa's foreign policy, books on that subject are rather scarce. It is remarkable thatwith the increase In the number ofbooksin the field of international relations there are So few serous studies of Sooth Africa's external relations, particularly since the apartheid system has provoked so mouch controversy and debate all overtheworld, Dr Barber is Reader in Government at the Open University and author of Rhodesia The Road to Rebellion (1967). fie is therefore not new to the problems-of Southern Africa. In his introduction the author explains that he has relied heavily upon written documents and extemv aive interviews carried out in Sooth Africa. This inevitably resuils in the book being largely based on official South African sources. Of Course, this is ar indispensable source of informationbutit has produced one major weakness in the study in so far as is does not give adequate and serious attention to the foreign policies of the resistance movements and their allies, A second weakness lies in tot giving much attention to t13pp70c0es involved in promoting South - Africa's internlational isolation. . ut despite these and other weaknesses it is perhaps the best avalble single volue6 on South Africa's foreign policy, The book is written in a chronological frarnework sod divided intofour separate periods: the first period from the War to the coming to power of the National Party in 1948 is rather brief; the second period up to 1959 cover the' first phase of National Prt rule; the third period sap to 196is entitled the 'Yeasof Crisis~ an obtefinal sectiont up to ~170 sdscibed as 'The Years of Confidence* Thisreflects the general theme of the book, the initial phase of National Party rule followed by severe domestic and international crisis which after Vorster's Premiership gives way to new confidence and increased domestic and international security. Arising out of the weakness described already the author's treatment of interlnational isolation measures are largely based on the assumption that they by themselves would produce domestic changes in Sooth Africa. Thus he reaches the conclusion that these diplomatic and other pressures are largely unsucessfui- the only area in which lhe attributes considerable success is in the field of sport. Predictably the 'success' is measured by the changes in apartheid sport which have folldwed international isolation. Not only is this a rather narrow approach but it misses what some would call the very basis of the case for international islation-to render no support and end all collaboration with the apartheid system. This policy of the AAM, the UN and the OAU is based on support for the internal resistance movement rather than being aimed at limited reforms by the hite Government. The target is certainly the South African Goernment and all who support the apartheid system but it is a strategyin the context of an African clhastinge to white power. It does often have immseediate effects on the wbite community as in sport but that is not the major objective of the campaign., There is no serious consideration given to the basis for international economic and other sanctions. These policies are considered by the author as if they are suggested solutions by themselves whereas the major advocates for tis case have never presented it in that form. Thus, several judgements, interpretations and explanations in the book will be disputed by African leaders and others involved in promoting the isolation of the apartheid system. A great del of the literature on Southern Africa reveals a body of conventional assumptions which in tarn serve as a framework for examining foreign policies as well as international responses to them. There is clearly a need for more serious writing about some of these assumptions as well as exasining the foreign policy of South Africa in a somewhat wider franework. Dr James Barber has written a valuable book, though with a rather orthodox approach. It needs to be read by everyone interested in Southemn Africa though like many recent books it is expensive at £4.50. Abdul Minty Sunset in Biafra by Elechi Amadi. Published by Hemenmn African Writers Series, 70p. ELECHI Amadi's book is no historial account of the Nigerian civil war; it is the highly personal story of a man who found himself drawn into the events he deseribes, much as a swimmer is wept out to sea by an irresistable curreni. In his foreword he stresses that opinions expressed in his narrative are his own views, not those of the Federal Military Government of Nigeria. There is, for the reader who is ignorant of the events that led up to the war, a short account of the facts, It gives only a sketchy view of the complicated issuer involved, but suffices as, a framse for the book's main, subject, naely the trials and tribulations suffered and theexpeiences galned lbythe author throughout the days of the tragic Bhifran adventure. Elechi Amadi recounts how he left the Nigerian army in 1965, hecause he did iot wish to become a career- soldier, He wanted to be a teacher. Butin 1967 fateintervened. Hewas teachlng at the lkwerre-Etche Grammar school, not far from his home, which then was part of the Eastern Region. In February 1967not long before the war broke out (July 6 1967)-he was arrested, mainly because, is a member of a tribal cultural union he was suspected of anti-government and prosecessionist activities, and taken to the police station. Taken to Engn, capital of the former Eastern Region, he was interrogatedat last and to his utter ariazement- accused of training guerrillas-who were to fight for the creation of a Rivers State, The lkwere cultural union, to 'Which he belonged, had expressed the wish to become part of the Rivers State, should such a State be created; moreover, as an ex-soldaer be was doubly suspect. After two weeks in detention and a great deal of stringpullingby friends roused into action by his wife'i frantic efforts, he was finally released., At this Time Colonel Ojukwu was still the Governor of the, Eastern Region. Events moved fast After Ojukwu had passed five edicts in rapid succession and taken certain measures considered illegal by the Federal Government (headed by General Gowon), stern warnings Were issued and, when warnings had gone unheeded, the Federal Government sealed off the Eastern Region gradually by sea, land and ir. No more flights 'to Eastern Nigeria, no This triumphwas commorated postal transactions. at aChristmas Party intleRhodesian MeanwiileOjukwu's a was in Information Office in Washington the making and the author relates th year witha specially-composed how the forees which eventually Song. One of the verses went (to the defended the ill-fated Republic of tune of '0 Tannenbaum'): Biafra came intobeing. He describes We love the people we are with the many demonstrations and other And raise a glass to tan Smith measures which successfully created Congratulations, we assume a snse of personal inaulvemrent; Are dueLordGoodman,Alechow everyreation abroadwat Home. noted and registered either favor- They were also due to Union ably or with ardent hostility; how Carbide, Allegheny Ludim and the student bodies and labour sIiOn other chroin and stainless steel orgsosed protest marches against companies who had lobbied hard Britain, the Soviet Union, or the for the Byrd Amendment United States how the demands fee Supporters of the amendment secession became louder and more toeda wide range of arguments-the frequent; how fever-pits was ban onRhodesian chrome was reached when General Gowon p- hurting Aserican ferrochrome claimed the creation of stes and producers, sod making the US how' the name 'Biafra', first on l dependent on the Soviet Union for whispered, throulout the Easternmaterials. Region, was beginuiu:t to be pro- In fact, the US is now buying nounced more and sore often more chrome then ever from Russia, until-on May 30 1967 h inspiteoftheAmendment,and Republic oflBiafra wasproclaimd. several US producers' have been Elechi Aniadi, by no means a put out of business because they supporter of the secession, together could not compete with low-cost with friends and colleagues, stayed (ie low wage) Rhodesian imports, as much as possible inthecom-pond This pamphlet ives a sharplyof the school at which he taught- written and ironic account of how But, transferred to a sew school, the US Rhodesia lobby and the trouble started brewing for him chrome firus gut themselves into once more. This part ofhisnarrative this mess. At a tne when Secretary leading up to the outbreak of war, Kissinger has promised support for makes compelling reading. movesto repealtheAmendment, Soon after the war began all the authors will g e ethe reformesem schools were closed and the ad plenty of annaunition. ventures which then, befell the author comprisethe main Section Aaa ofbis book. Living in 1 viflage and Economic Ties with tryingtokeepout ofoblhe South Africaby BrimNoone, tarcnob, bleodhePblsedbyA.U.S.97Drummon war constanty harlassed by rebl St Carlton, Victoia, 97 i a troops who, without orders, tried - -, . itr . l tocommandeerfoodfrom the BETWEEN 1963 sod 1971 villagers. . Once again, he was Australian exports to South Africa arrested, this time by the Biafran qurupled to £54 milion, making authorities, and ended up in a Vorsterland the Austalians fourth solitary . - ' -bieto fu biggestmexportmarket. lmports from oHis life i detetion, f South Africa were only E12million sordid, tragi-comnic, human d sot generally 'Australia profited haman deital, is related with that greatly, on balance, fro track with shot of redeenuing bumour whi.ch South Africa.' lifts the whole bok out of what It is hardly surprising that, as imight have been s o mor then a Brian Noone points out in this harrowing wardne,-saga. wide- ranging and welldocumented Thereisnesr-leathby starvation, pamphlet, the Australiad Departflight, the breakthrough of the ment of Overseas Trade throws Federal Nigerian Army, and Captain itself into, South Africa with Anadi's safe arrival at Colonel 'phenomena] enthusinem and Adekunle's headquarters. optimis'. In thelast two years After rejoining the any he Sfsuth Africa has been singled out served with the former 3rd Marine for an exceedingly high nu be Commandos and later joined the of trade fairs and promotions The Rivers State Government Service. Department's guidance notes for He was finally reunited with his businessmen accept the segregation family at the endi of the war, after policy and use the racist jargon of two years of separation. The ebb apartheid. and flow of events, the cruel ravage Mr Whitlam's Labouf governof warthe terrible plight of women ment, in spite of some diplomsati[ raped and children starved to death, moves, has continued to support of prisoners and combatants on, and encourage apartheid linkboth sides- all this is vividly des- through trade and incrrnsingly also cred. It is the diary of a man through investment -a growing numbuffeted by a storm so violent that bee of Australian firms are setting in the end it left him with just one up direct manufacturing or trading single aisn: to survive. operftionsAn South Africa NadiaFowler Thesefirms operate underthe usual cheap 'labour conditions, exfr! plaining by Vorstet's trade commissioner in Melbourne as. P'mp h 'Investment in South Afrioa gives a profitable return of 15 per cent, Irony in Chrome.The oneofthehighestintheworld... A"end"ent Two Yea Lat-rb c ofpoduction are the lowest'. immeeaTo Years Lterby Oneof Australia's biggt food Diane gOlan amio Anthony La.. Interim Report published by the Irons, Henry Jones (IXL) pays Special Rhodesia Project of the miserable wages-two or three Carnege Endowentl for Inte 'aud below the poverty line -to nationalPeac. blarkfarmworkersWHENtheUS Senate,aftertw ' Attheotherend, SouthAfrican companies are building up fast it months argument, -finally clea dr. AustraliaincludeRothliansand the the Military Procurement Act off governmnt-nmed South African 1971 as amended bySenator Harry Airways, through which the S Byrd nr., allowing Rhodesian - Australian govelonsent, controlling chrome imports into the US. it Quatas -h a diecttrading plungedtheUSintobreachofthe partnership,. r d mandatoryUnited Nations sanctions Anti-partheid and trade union it had itself voted fin three years groups have taken action againstearlier, theselinks.Dockworkersrana boyeott of South African cargoes, and it is interesting that during 1972 the year of the campaign against the Springbok tour exports to South Africa dhopped by £4 million. The Parliamentary Labour Party supported a trade union resolution for a consumer boycott of South African goods. but Brian Noone points out that there is a discrepancy between Labour's policy and its actions (sounds sadly famiiiar). The pamphlet, published by Australian International Defence and Aid and the Australian Unionl of Student calls on Labour to break all economic ties with Vorsterfin line with United Nations resolutions and the wishes of the African people as expressed by the policies of the ANC sod SASO. Business as usual: Transactions Violating Rhodesian Sanctions. Inethei Repmort published by the Special Rhodesia Project, Carnegie Endowment for International Peae AFTER the two UN resolutions of 1966 and 1968 imposing sanctions on Rhodesithe US President issued executive orders to define American partiipation inthe sanctions. These orders, which have the fiace of law, made anyome promoting or helping exports from, transfer of fundsto, 'org airtrmport to or from Rhodesia subject to a fine of $10,000, prison for up to 10 years, or both. That was the theory. In practice, as this study shows, Pan Ais an or TWA will fly you to Rhodesia on an Air Rhodesia plane, Hertz or Avis will rent you a car there, sod Apietisan Espmressthe DlersCl~b wil help you to payfor it. All these companicesare in breach of sanctions and, geerally, of US law. As the stu puts it 'A better system for monmtoing comaplance seems required ' . Another breach of the law is the US's complieity in allowing the Rhodesian Information Office (see elsewhere on thispag for its musical activities), and offsces for Air Rhodesia and the Rhodesian National Tourist Board, to continue in operation. The Australians are to lose their Rhodesia. tnformition Office, but the Washington offic remains open though it has been pointed out sI hearings before a Senate subcommittee that this is illegal, and that supply of factites to it by RCA, ITT (hello hello) and Reuters as well as other -US firms are in violation of the Presidential order. The US government has successfully prosecuted some sanctionbustersin the courts. And a sixteenpage supplement in the New York Jorual of Cornmerce openly inviting trade with and investment in Rhodesia resulted in a letter of complaint from the US Treasury (eight further articles-and advertiseients have since appeared in the Journal). This report, however, shows how little is being done about the cases listed (TWA estimated that its transfes to Air Rhodesia in 1972 were $200,000) and how the US government it still allowing many American companies to break its oem law. THE FIRST verse of 'No Cause for Alarm' published in the October issue of ANTI-APARTHEID NEWS should have read: A warning in confidence to tobacco growers frorn Rhodesia owners about invaders who may wish to eliminate you:

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