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THE LANGUAGE OFTHE SALINAN INDIANS Nominalizing Suffixes
UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA PUBLICATIONS IN AMERICAN ARCHAEOLOGY AND ETHNOLOGY Vol. 14, No. 1, pp. 1-154 January 10, 1918 THE LANGUAGE OF THE SALINAN INDIANS BY J. ALDEN MASON CONTENTS PAGE INTRODUCTION..--.--.......------------........-----...--..--.......------........------4 PART I. P'HONOLOGY ---------7 Phonetic system ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Vowels ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 7 Quality ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------8 Nasalization ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------8 Voiceless vowels.------------------......-------------.........-----------------......---8 Accent --------------------------------------------------9 Consonants ................---------.............--------------------...----------9 Semi-vowels ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------9 Nasals ---------- 10 Laterals -------------------------------------------------------------10 Spirants ---------------------------------------....-------------------------------------------10 Stops .--------......... --------------------------- 11 Affricatives .......................-.................-........-......... 12 Tableof phonetic system ---------------------------.-----------------13 Phonetic processes ---------------------------.-----.--............13 Vocalic assimilation ------------------..-.........------------------13 -
The Cambridge Handbook of Phonology
This page intentionally left blank The Cambridge Handbook of Phonology Phonology – the study of how the sounds of speech are represented in our minds – is one of the core areas of linguistic theory, and is central to the study of human language. This state-of-the-art handbook brings together the world’s leading experts in phonology to present the most comprehensive and detailed overview of the field to date. Focusing on the most recent research and the most influential theories, the authors discuss each of the central issues in phonological theory, explore a variety of empirical phenomena, and show how phonology interacts with other aspects of language such as syntax, morph- ology, phonetics, and language acquisition. Providing a one-stop guide to every aspect of this important field, The Cambridge Handbook of Phonology will serve as an invaluable source of readings for advanced undergraduate and graduate students, an informative overview for linguists, and a useful starting point for anyone beginning phonological research. PAUL DE LACY is Assistant Professor in the Department of Linguistics, Rutgers University. His publications include Markedness: Reduction and Preservation in Phonology (Cambridge University Press, 2006). The Cambridge Handbook of Phonology Edited by Paul de Lacy CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY PRESS Cambridge, New York, Melbourne, Madrid, Cape Town, Singapore, São Paulo Cambridge University Press The Edinburgh Building, Cambridge CB2 8RU, UK Published in the United States of America by Cambridge University Press, New York www.cambridge.org Information on this title: www.cambridge.org/9780521848794 © Cambridge University Press 2007 This publication is in copyright. Subject to statutory exception and to the provision of relevant collective licensing agreements, no reproduction of any part may take place without the written permission of Cambridge University Press. -
DE-Tex-FAQ (Vers. 72
Fragen und Antworten (FAQ) über das Textsatzsystem TEX und DANTE, Deutschsprachige Anwendervereinigung TEX e.V. Bernd Raichle, Rolf Niepraschk und Thomas Hafner Version 72 vom September 2003 Dieser Text enthält häufig gestellte Fragen und passende Antworten zum Textsatzsy- stem TEX und zu DANTE e.V. Er kann über beliebige Medien frei verteilt werden, solange er unverändert bleibt (in- klusive dieses Hinweises). Die Autoren bitten bei Verteilung über gedruckte Medien, über Datenträger wie CD-ROM u. ä. um Zusendung von mindestens drei Belegexem- plaren. Anregungen, Ergänzungen, Kommentare und Bemerkungen zur FAQ senden Sie bit- te per E-Mail an [email protected] 1 Inhalt Inhalt 1 Allgemeines 5 1.1 Über diese FAQ . 5 1.2 CTAN, das ‚Comprehensive TEX Archive Network‘ . 8 1.3 Newsgroups und Diskussionslisten . 10 2 Anwendervereinigungen, Tagungen, Literatur 17 2.1 DANTE e.V. 17 2.2 Anwendervereinigungen . 19 2.3 Tagungen »geändert« .................................... 21 2.4 Literatur »geändert« .................................... 22 3 Textsatzsystem TEX – Übersicht 32 3.1 Grundlegendes . 32 3.2 Welche TEX-Formate gibt es? Was ist LATEX? . 38 3.3 Welche TEX-Weiterentwicklungen gibt es? . 41 4 Textsatzsystem TEX – Bezugsquellen 45 4.1 Wie bekomme ich ein TEX-System? . 45 4.2 TEX-Implementierungen »geändert« ........................... 48 4.3 Editoren, Frontend-/GUI-Programme »geändert« .................... 54 5 TEX, LATEX, Makros etc. (I) 62 5.1 LATEX – Grundlegendes . 62 5.2 LATEX – Probleme beim Umstieg von LATEX 2.09 . 67 5.3 (Silben-)Trennung, Absatz-, Seitenumbruch . 68 5.4 Seitenlayout, Layout allgemein, Kopf- und Fußzeilen »geändert« . 72 6 TEX, LATEX, Makros etc. (II) 79 6.1 Abbildungen und Tafeln . -
Miktex Manual Revision 2.0 (Miktex 2.0) December 2000
MiKTEX Manual Revision 2.0 (MiKTEX 2.0) December 2000 Christian Schenk <[email protected]> Copyright c 2000 Christian Schenk Permission is granted to make and distribute verbatim copies of this manual provided the copyright notice and this permission notice are preserved on all copies. Permission is granted to copy and distribute modified versions of this manual under the con- ditions for verbatim copying, provided that the entire resulting derived work is distributed under the terms of a permission notice identical to this one. Permission is granted to copy and distribute translations of this manual into another lan- guage, under the above conditions for modified versions, except that this permission notice may be stated in a translation approved by the Free Software Foundation. Chapter 1: What is MiKTEX? 1 1 What is MiKTEX? 1.1 MiKTEX Features MiKTEX is a TEX distribution for Windows (95/98/NT/2000). Its main features include: • Native Windows implementation with support for long file names. • On-the-fly generation of missing fonts. • TDS (TEX directory structure) compliant. • Open Source. • Advanced TEX compiler features: -TEX can insert source file information (aka source specials) into the DVI file. This feature improves Editor/Previewer interaction. -TEX is able to read compressed (gzipped) input files. - The input encoding can be changed via TCX tables. • Previewer features: - Supports graphics (PostScript, BMP, WMF, TPIC, . .) - Supports colored text (through color specials) - Supports PostScript fonts - Supports TrueType fonts - Understands HyperTEX(html:) specials - Understands source (src:) specials - Customizable magnifying glasses • MiKTEX is network friendly: - integrates into a heterogeneous TEX environment - supports UNC file names - supports multiple TEXMF directory trees - uses a file name database for efficient file access - Setup Wizard can be run unattended The MiKTEX distribution consists of the following components: • TEX: The traditional TEX compiler. -
The TEX Live Guide TEX Live 2012
The TEX Live Guide TEX Live 2012 Karl Berry, editor http://tug.org/texlive/ June 2012 Contents 1 Introduction 2 1.1 TEX Live and the TEX Collection...............................2 1.2 Operating system support...................................3 1.3 Basic installation of TEX Live.................................3 1.4 Security considerations.....................................3 1.5 Getting help...........................................3 2 Overview of TEX Live4 2.1 The TEX Collection: TEX Live, proTEXt, MacTEX.....................4 2.2 Top level TEX Live directories.................................4 2.3 Overview of the predefined texmf trees............................5 2.4 Extensions to TEX.......................................6 2.5 Other notable programs in TEX Live.............................6 2.6 Fonts in TEX Live.......................................7 3 Installation 7 3.1 Starting the installer......................................7 3.1.1 Unix...........................................7 3.1.2 MacOSX........................................8 3.1.3 Windows........................................8 3.1.4 Cygwin.........................................9 3.1.5 The text installer....................................9 3.1.6 The expert graphical installer.............................9 3.1.7 The simple wizard installer.............................. 10 3.2 Running the installer...................................... 10 3.2.1 Binary systems menu (Unix only).......................... 10 3.2.2 Selecting what is to be installed........................... -
The Textgreek Package∗
The textgreek package∗ Leonard Michlmayr leonard.michlmayr at gmail.com 2011/10/09 Abstract The LATEX package textgreek provides NFSS text symbols for Greek letters. This way the author can use Greek letters in text without changing to math mode. The usual font selection commands|e.g. \textbf|apply to these Greek letters as to usual text and the font is upright in an upright environment. Further, hyperref can use these symbols in PDF-strings such as PDF-bookmarks. Contents 1 Introduction2 2 Usage2 2.1 Package Options............................2 2.2 Advanced commands..........................3 3 Examples3 3.1 Use \b-decay" in a heading......................3 4 Compatibility4 5 Limitations4 6 Copyright4 7 Implementation4 7.1 Package Options............................4 7.2 Font selection..............................5 7.3 Greek letter definitions.........................7 7.3.1 Utility macro..........................7 7.3.2 List of Greek letters......................7 7.3.3 Variants.............................9 8 Change History 10 9 Index 11 ∗This document corresponds to textgreek v0.7, dated 2011/10/09. 1 1 Introduction The usual way to print Greek letters in LATEX uses the math mode. E.g. $\beta$ produces β. With the default math fonts, the Greek letters produced this way are italic. Generally, this is ok, since they represent variables and variables are typeset italic with the default math font settings. In some circumstances, however, Greek letters don't represent variables and should be typeset upright. E.g. in \b-decay" or \mA". The package upgreek provides commands to set upright Greek letters in math mode, but it does not provide text symbols. -
Makor: Typesetting Hebrew with Omega
Makor: Typesetting Hebrew with Omega Alan Hoenig City University of New York [email protected] Abstract It’s relatively easy to typeset a language using a keyboard customized for that language. A more interesting problem arises when trying to set a ‘foreign’ lan- guage (say, Russian, Hebrew, or Arabic) using a native keyboard (American, for example). This leads to the problem of transliteration: how to represent some language, call it A, using the conventions of a different language B? This paper concerns the author’s attempted solution to one such problem: to create quality Hebrew typesetting using the conventions of an English language keyboard. Apart from the different alphabet, which invokes a different set of sounds than does its English counterpart, Hebrew can involve as many as two distinct sets of diacritics, uses special glyph forms (sometimes) at word endings, and is, of course, typeset from right to left. The solution involves using the Omega extension of TEX. Makor, the name for this Hebrew typesetting system, consists of a user man- ual, fonts from seven distinct font families, and a special set of macros and con- ventions. Many examples of its use will be shown. All this software is publicly and freely available. 1 Introduction typesetter. This is not really a problem at all. Early on, T X was extended to handle RTL. These early We English speakers and readers are lucky — TEX or E its equivalent would have been quite different, and versions, TEX--XET and so on, early provided this arguably more difficult to create, had Don Knuth capability. -
The Mathspec Package Font Selection for Mathematics with Xǝlatex Version 0.2B
The mathspec package Font selection for mathematics with XƎLaTEX version 0.2b Andrew Gilbert Moschou* [email protected] thursday, 22 december 2016 table of contents 1 preamble 1 4.5 Shorthands ......... 6 4.6 A further example ..... 7 2 introduction 2 5 greek symbols 7 3 implementation 2 6 glyph bounds 9 4 setting fonts 3 7 compatability 11 4.1 Letters and Digits ..... 3 4.2 Symbols ........... 4 8 the package 12 4.3 Examples .......... 4 4.4 Declaring alphabets .... 5 9 license 33 1 preamble This document describes the mathspec package, a package that provides an interface to select ordinary text fonts for typesetting mathematics with XƎLaTEX. It relies on fontspec to work and familiarity with fontspec is advised. I thank Will Robertson for his useful advice and suggestions! The package is developmental and later versions might to be incompatible with this version. This version is incompatible with earlier versions. The package requires at least version 0.9995 of XƎTEX. *v0.2b update by Will Robertson ([email protected]). 1 Should you be using this package? If you are using another LaTEX package for some mathematics font, then you should not (unless you know what you are doing). If you want to use Asana Math or Cambria Math (or the final release version of the stix fonts) then you should be using unicode-math. Some paragraphs in this document are marked advanced. Such paragraphs may be safely ignored by basic users. 2 introduction Since Jonathan Kew released XƎTEX, an extension to TEX that permits the inclusion of system wide Unicode fonts and modern font technologies in TEX documents, users have been able to easily typeset documents using readily available fonts such as Hoefler Text and Times New Roman (This document is typeset using Sabon lt Std). -
LATEX for Linguists Contents Reader
LATEX for Linguists LATEX for Linguists Contents 1 Transcriptions with IPA LATEX for Linguists L L 4 05: IPA & verbatim 2 Verbatim Antonio Machicao y Priemer hps://www.linguistik.hu-berlin.de/sta/amyp MGK Workshop – SFB 1412, Berlin 1 / 11 2 / 11 LATEX for Linguists LATEX for Linguists Transcriptions with IPA Reader 1 Transcriptions with IPA LATEX Reader (Freitag & Machicao y Priemer 2019): 2 Verbatim hps://doi.org/10.13140/RG.2.2.29299.27682 Exercises and Handouts: hps://www.linguistik.hu-berlin.de/de/sta/amyp/latex 3 / 11 4 / 11 LATEX for Linguists LATEX for Linguists Transcriptions with IPA Transcriptions with IPA macros: Transcriptions with IPA [\textglotstop{}an.\textesh{}\textinvscr{}\texttoptiebar{a\textsci{}}. \textschwa{}n] [\textsecstress\textepsilon kspl\textschwa \textprimstress ne\textsci\textesh \textschwa n] The package tipa oers commands for transcriptions with IPA, but it is not fully compatible with all other packages. (1)[ Pan.SK>aI.@n] (2)[ Ekspl@"neIS@n] Since tipa redefines certain LATEX commands, additional seings may be necessary (depending on your font encoding): groups of macros: > Load the package fontenc with the options T3 and T1 (in that order). \textipa{[Pan.SK\t{aI}.@n]} (3) [Pan.SKaI.@n] \textipa{[""Ekspl@"neIS@n]} Load tipa with the options noenc and safe. (4) [Ekspl@"neIS@n] \usepackage[T3,T1]{fontenc} tipa environment: \usepackage[noenc,safe]{tipa} > \begin{IPA} (5) [Pan.SKaI.@n] [Pan.SK\t{aI}.@n] tipa provides 3 ways to use IPA characters: macros, group of macros, and [Ekspl@"neIS@n] environment. [""Ekspl@"neIS@n] \end{IPA} Normally, we use macros inside of \textipa{ }. -
Math Symbol Tables
APPENDIX A Math symbol tables A.1 Hebrew and Greek letters Hebrew letters Type Typeset \aleph ℵ \beth ℶ \daleth ℸ \gimel ℷ © Springer International Publishing AG 2016 481 G. Grätzer, More Math Into LATEX, DOI 10.1007/978-3-319-23796-1 482 Appendix A Math symbol tables Greek letters Lowercase Type Typeset Type Typeset Type Typeset \alpha \iota \sigma \beta \kappa \tau \gamma \lambda \upsilon \delta \mu \phi \epsilon \nu \chi \zeta \xi \psi \eta \pi \omega \theta \rho \varepsilon \varpi \varsigma \vartheta \varrho \varphi \digamma ϝ \varkappa Uppercase Type Typeset Type Typeset Type Typeset \Gamma Γ \Xi Ξ \Phi Φ \Delta Δ \Pi Π \Psi Ψ \Theta Θ \Sigma Σ \Omega Ω \Lambda Λ \Upsilon Υ \varGamma \varXi \varPhi \varDelta \varPi \varPsi \varTheta \varSigma \varOmega \varLambda \varUpsilon A.2 Binary relations 483 A.2 Binary relations Type Typeset Type Typeset < < > > = = : ∶ \in ∈ \ni or \owns ∋ \leq or \le ≤ \geq or \ge ≥ \ll ≪ \gg ≫ \prec ≺ \succ ≻ \preceq ⪯ \succeq ⪰ \sim ∼ \approx ≈ \simeq ≃ \cong ≅ \equiv ≡ \doteq ≐ \subset ⊂ \supset ⊃ \subseteq ⊆ \supseteq ⊇ \sqsubseteq ⊑ \sqsupseteq ⊒ \smile ⌣ \frown ⌢ \perp ⟂ \models ⊧ \mid ∣ \parallel ∥ \vdash ⊢ \dashv ⊣ \propto ∝ \asymp ≍ \bowtie ⋈ \sqsubset ⊏ \sqsupset ⊐ \Join ⨝ Note the \colon command used in ∶ → 2, typed as f \colon x \to x^2 484 Appendix A Math symbol tables More binary relations Type Typeset Type Typeset \leqq ≦ \geqq ≧ \leqslant ⩽ \geqslant ⩾ \eqslantless ⪕ \eqslantgtr ⪖ \lesssim ≲ \gtrsim ≳ \lessapprox ⪅ \gtrapprox ⪆ \approxeq ≊ \lessdot -
Istgame.Sty Draw Game Trees with Ti Kz
istgame.sty Draw Game Trees with TikZ In-Sung Cho ischo <at> ktug.org Economics, Kongju National University 2019/01/27 version 2.0 Abstract This is a LATEX package that provides macros based on TikZ to draw a game tree. The main idea underlying the core macros here is the completion of a whole tree by using a sequence of simple ‘parent-child’ tree structures, with no longer nested relations involved like the use of grandchildren or great-grandchildren. With the istgame package, you can draw a game tree as easily as drawing a game tree with pen and paper. Keywords: game trees, nodes, branches, information sets, continuum of branches, subgames Table of Contents 0 Changes and remarks ..................................... 1 0.1 Changes ......................................... 1 0.2 What’s new ....................................... 2 0.3 How to read this document ............................... 3 0.4 Remarks ......................................... 4 0.5 Previous changes (up to version 1.0) .......................... 5 1 Getting started ......................................... 6 1.1 Getting-started example: a simple tree ........................ 6 1.2 Connecting simple tree structures ........................... 6 1.3 Complete examples for desperate users ........................ 7 1.3.1 How to put a decision node and its owner ................. 7 1.3.2 How to print branches with action labels and payoffs ........... 7 1.3.3 How to put information sets ......................... 8 1.3.4 How to put a continuum of branches .................... 9 1.3.5 How to change the growing direction of a tree ............... 9 2 Important distances: \xtdistance .............................. 10 3 The istgame environment and node styles .......................... 11 3.1 The istgame environment ................................ 11 3.2 Node styles ....................................... -
Directions for the Texlive System Fabrice Popineau
♦♦♦ ∗ Directions for the TEXLive system Fabrice Popineau abstract. This paper is about the current status of the TEXLive software. The first part of the paper will address the structured description of its content and how the Windows 1 setup program can use it. The past experiments with the Windows installer have revealed that the problem was harder than expected. The new TEXLive 6 description files will allow a more effective way to use the setup program. Some further enhancements are even scheduled. The second part of the paper will address a set of possible extensions to the Web2C/Kpathsea pair (read it as a call for code contributions!). Some aspects of its use were not foreseen when it was devised and it may be time for an enhancement. keywords: TEXLive, Web2C Introduction TEX is a great piece of software, but it used to be not so easy to distribute. As time passed, people arranged so called TEX distributions for various platforms, which became easier and easier to install and use, even for people not really acquainted with TEX. To name only a few, there was emTEX for DOS platforms, which came compiled, as usually people do not have development tools for this platform. There was also Web2C for Unix, which came in source form, because all Unixes have development tools. This concerns the programs. On the other side, the collection of TEXmacros available around the Internet did not stop to inflate over the years. All these distributions matured and Web2C turned out to be really portable so that its programs were made available on all major platforms.