The Development of European Standards on Political Parties and Their
Total Page:16
File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb
Load more
Recommended publications
-
En En Draft Report
European Parliament 2019-2024 Committee on Constitutional Affairs 2020/2220(INL) 1.7.2021 DRAFT REPORT on the reform of the electoral law of the European Union (2020/2220(INL)) Committee on Constitutional Affairs Rapporteur: Domènec Ruiz Devesa PR\1235563EN.docx PE693.622v03-00 EN United in diversityEN PR_INL CONTENTS Page MOTION FOR A EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT RESOLUTION.............................................3 ANNEX TO THE MOTION FOR A RESOLUTION..............................................................11 PE693.622v03-00 2/31 PR\1235563EN.docx EN MOTION FOR A EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT RESOLUTION on the reform of the electoral law of the European Union (2020/2220(INL)) The European Parliament, – having regard to the Declaration of 9 May 1950 that proposed the creation of the European Coal and Steel Community (ECSC) as a first step in the federation of Europe, – having regard to the Act concerning the election of the members of the European Parliament by direct universal suffrage ("the Electoral Act") annexed to the Council decision of 20 September 1976, as amended by Council Decision 2002/772/EC, Euratom, of 25 June and 23 September 2002, and by Council Decision (EU, Euratom) 2018/994 of 13 July 2018, – having regard to the Treaties and in particular to Articles 9, 10, 14 and 17(7) of the Treaty on European Union (TEU) and to Articles 20, 22, 223(1) and 225 of the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union (TFEU), and to Article 2 of Protocol No 1 on the role of national parliaments in the European Union, – having regard to Protocol -
The European Parliament – More Powerful, Less Legitimate? an Outlook for the 7Th Term
The European Parliament – More powerful, less legitimate? An outlook for the 7th term CEPS Working Document No. 314/May 2009 Julia De Clerck-Sachsse and Piotr Maciej Kaczyński Abstract At the end of the 6th legislature, fears that enlargement would hamper the workings of the European Parliament have largely proved unfounded. Despite the influx of a large number of new members to Parliament, parties have remained cohesive, and legislative output has remained steady. Moreover, after an initial phase of adaptation, MEPs from new member states have been increasingly socialised into the EP structure. Challenges have arisen in a rather different field, however. In order to remain efficient in the face of increasing complexity, the EP has had to streamline its working procedures, moving more decisions to parliamentary committees and cutting down time for debate. This paper argues that measures to increase the efficiency of the EP, most notably the trend towards speeding up agreements with the Council (1st reading agreements) run the risk of undermining the EP’s role as a forum of debate. Should bureaucratisation increasingly trump politicisation, the legitimacy of the EP will be undermined, and voters will become ever more alienated from its work. For the 7th legislature of the European Parliament therefore, it is crucial to balance efficiency of output with a more politicised policy style that is able to capture public interest. CEPS Working Documents are intended to give an indication of work being conducted within CEPS research programmes and to stimulate reactions from other experts in the field. Unless otherwise indicated, the views expressed are attributable only to the authors in a personal capacity and not to any institution with which they are associated. -
Towards a More Transparent and Coherent Party Finance System Across Europe
Emilie Bartolini, Yvonne Milleschitz & Zociana Stambolliu College of Europe Transparency Group Towards a more transparent and coherent party finance system across Europe The theme of Party Finance is key to determine funding for EU political parties. If, in fact, EU the transparency of a political system. As many parties were indirectly funded through practices cases in the past have demonstrated, party which lack satisfactory levels of disclosure and finance can serve as an important source of transparency, this could have potential illegitimate influence over political actors repercussions over the transparency discipline of through donations and contributions by EU party funding as a whole. individual members as well as larger interest The new regulation builds on the European groups or firms. Parliament evaluation report, which stated the Only since 2003 European Parties are granted a need to reform certain areas of the former public subsidy coming from the EU budget. To regulation. The report followed the adoption of design the EU party finance system, great a report by the Secretary General of the inspiration was taken by national regulations. European Parliament on party funding at EU The first regulation was reformed in 2007 with the level. The EP evaluation report emphasizes the aim of ensuring a greater institutionalization of need for the following reforms: Firstly they stated parties within the EU political system. In 2014 a the need to provide parties with a legal status as new regulation was approved, introducing a symbolic way to reinvigorate their status within substantial reforms such as the establishment of the European Political system. European political an ‘Authority for European political parties and parties should have legal personality to foundations’ in charge of “registering, overcome the gap between fiscal treatment controlling and imposing sanctions on governing European political parties and European political parties and European European Institutions. -
Rules on Political Groups in the EP
Briefing June 2015 Rules on political groups in the EP SUMMARY Members of the European Parliament may form political groups; these are not organised by nationality, but by political affiliation. At the start of the current parliamentary term there were seven political groups in the Parliament, as there were throughout the 2009-14 period. The formation of a new, eighth, political group, to be called Europe of Nations and Freedoms, has been announced recently. To form a political group, a minimum of 25 MEPs, elected from at least one quarter (currently seven) of the EU's Member States is required. Those Members (MEPs) who do not belong to any political group are known as 'non-attached' (non-inscrits) Members. Although the political groups play a very prominent role in Parliament's life, individual MEPs and/or several MEPs acting together also have many rights, including in respect of the exercise of oversight over other EU institutions, such as the Commission. However, belonging to a political group is of a particular relevance for the allocation of key positions in Parliament's political and organisational structures, such as committee and delegation chairs and rapporteurships on important dossiers. Moreover, political groups receive higher funding for their collective staff and parliamentary activities than the non-attached MEPs. Political-group funding is however to be distinguished from funding granted to European political parties and foundations, which, if they comply with the requirements to register as such, may apply for funding from the European Parliament if they are represented in Parliament by at least one Member. -
How to Choose a Political Party
FastFACTS How to Choose a Political Party When you sign up to vote, you can join a political party. A political party is a group of people who share the same ideas about how the government should be run and what it should do. They work together to win elections. You can also choose not to join any of the political parties and still be a voter. There is no cost to join a party. How to choose a political party: • Choose a political party that has the same general views you do. For example, some political parties think that government should No Party Preference do more for people. Others feel that government should make it If you do not want to register easier for people to do things for themselves. with a political party (you • If you do not want to join a political party, mark that box on your want to be “independent” voter registration form. This is called “no party preference.” Know of any political party), mark that if you do, you may have limited choices for party candidates in “I do not want to register Presidential primary elections. with a political party” on the registration form. In • You can change your political party registration at any time. Just fill California, you can still out a new voter registration form and check a different party box. vote for any candidate in The deadline to change your party is 15 days before the election. a primary election, except If you are not registered with a political party and for Presidential candidates. -
ESS9 Appendix A3 Political Parties Ed
APPENDIX A3 POLITICAL PARTIES, ESS9 - 2018 ed. 3.0 Austria 2 Belgium 4 Bulgaria 7 Croatia 8 Cyprus 10 Czechia 12 Denmark 14 Estonia 15 Finland 17 France 19 Germany 20 Hungary 21 Iceland 23 Ireland 25 Italy 26 Latvia 28 Lithuania 31 Montenegro 34 Netherlands 36 Norway 38 Poland 40 Portugal 44 Serbia 47 Slovakia 52 Slovenia 53 Spain 54 Sweden 57 Switzerland 58 United Kingdom 61 Version Notes, ESS9 Appendix A3 POLITICAL PARTIES ESS9 edition 3.0 (published 10.12.20): Changes from previous edition: Additional countries: Denmark, Iceland. ESS9 edition 2.0 (published 15.06.20): Changes from previous edition: Additional countries: Croatia, Latvia, Lithuania, Montenegro, Portugal, Slovakia, Spain, Sweden. Austria 1. Political parties Language used in data file: German Year of last election: 2017 Official party names, English 1. Sozialdemokratische Partei Österreichs (SPÖ) - Social Democratic Party of Austria - 26.9 % names/translation, and size in last 2. Österreichische Volkspartei (ÖVP) - Austrian People's Party - 31.5 % election: 3. Freiheitliche Partei Österreichs (FPÖ) - Freedom Party of Austria - 26.0 % 4. Liste Peter Pilz (PILZ) - PILZ - 4.4 % 5. Die Grünen – Die Grüne Alternative (Grüne) - The Greens – The Green Alternative - 3.8 % 6. Kommunistische Partei Österreichs (KPÖ) - Communist Party of Austria - 0.8 % 7. NEOS – Das Neue Österreich und Liberales Forum (NEOS) - NEOS – The New Austria and Liberal Forum - 5.3 % 8. G!LT - Verein zur Förderung der Offenen Demokratie (GILT) - My Vote Counts! - 1.0 % Description of political parties listed 1. The Social Democratic Party (Sozialdemokratische Partei Österreichs, or SPÖ) is a social above democratic/center-left political party that was founded in 1888 as the Social Democratic Worker's Party (Sozialdemokratische Arbeiterpartei, or SDAP), when Victor Adler managed to unite the various opposing factions. -
Rule-Of-Law.Pdf
RULE OF LAW Analyze how landmark Supreme Court decisions maintain the rule of law and protect minorities. About These Resources Rule of law overview Opening questions Discussion questions Case Summaries Express Unpopular Views: Snyder v. Phelps (military funeral protests) Johnson v. Texas (flag burning) Participate in the Judicial Process: Batson v. Kentucky (race and jury selection) J.E.B. v. Alabama (gender and jury selection) Exercise Religious Practices: Church of the Lukumi-Babalu Aye, Inc. v. City of Hialeah (controversial religious practices) Wisconsin v. Yoder (compulsory education law and exercise of religion) Access to Education: Plyer v. Doe (immigrant children) Brown v. Board of Education (separate is not equal) Cooper v. Aaron (implementing desegregation) How to Use These Resources In Advance 1. Teachers/lawyers and students read the case summaries and questions. 2. Participants prepare presentations of the facts and summaries for selected cases in the classroom or courtroom. Examples of presentation methods include lectures, oral arguments, or debates. In the Classroom or Courtroom Teachers/lawyers, and/or judges facilitate the following activities: 1. Presentation: rule of law overview 2. Interactive warm-up: opening discussion 3. Teams of students present: case summaries and discussion questions 4. Wrap-up: questions for understanding Program Times: 50-minute class period; 90-minute courtroom program. Timing depends on the number of cases selected. Presentations maybe made by any combination of teachers, lawyers, and/or students and student teams, followed by the discussion questions included in the wrap-up. Preparation Times: Teachers/Lawyers/Judges: 30 minutes reading Students: 60-90 minutes reading and preparing presentations, depending on the number of cases and the method of presentation selected. -
Relations Between the European Council and the European Parliament
Relations between the European Council and the European Parliament Institutional and political dynamics STUDY EPRS | European Parliamentary Research Service Author: Desmond Dinan European Council Oversight Unit PE 630.288 – November 2018 EN Relations between the European Council and the European Parliament Institutional and political dynamics This study explores the development of relations between the European Council (of Heads of State or Government) and the European Parliament, two institutions that have become increasingly central to the operation of the European Union political system, especially since the 2009 Lisbon Treaty. It explains the Treaty framework for relations between the two institutions and traces their practical evolution over time, including an analysis of the roles of the presidents of each institution in such interaction. It also examines points of contention in the relationship to date, including in relation to 'legislative trespassing' by the European Council and the Spitzenkandidaten process. EPRS | European Parliamentary Research Service AUTHOR This study has been written by Desmond Dinan, Ad Personam Jean Monnet Chair and Professor of Public Policy at George Mason University, Virginia, United States, at the request of the European Council Oversight Unit of the Directorate for Impact Assessment and European Added Value of the European Parliamentary Research Service (EPRS). Professor Dinan completed this work during his half-year as a Visiting Fellow at EPRS. ADMINISTRATOR RESPONSIBLE Astrid Worum, European Council Oversight Unit, EPRS To contact the publisher, please e-mail [email protected] LINGUISTIC VERSIONS Original: EN Manuscript completed in September 2018. DISCLAIMER AND COPYRIGHT This document is prepared for, and addressed to, the Members and staff of the European Parliament as background material to assist them in their parliamentary work. -
Section 1 Political Parties and Accountability Establishment, Constitution, Transparency § 1
Federal Act on the Financing of Political Parties (Political Parties Act 2012 [Parteiengesetz 2012]) Federal Law Gazette I No. 56/2012 Section 1 Political parties and accountability Establishment, constitution, transparency § 1. (Constitutional provision) (1) The existence and diversity of political parties are key elements of the Republic of Austria's democratic order (Art. 1 of the Federal Constitutional Law, Federal Law Gazette No. 1/1930). (2) A political party is a permanently organised association which, through common activities, aims at comprehensively influencing the national decision-making process, in particular by participating in elections for general representative bodies and the European Parliament, and whose constitution has been deposited with the Federal Ministry of the Interior. (3) Political parties may be freely established, unless the Federal Constitutional Law provides otherwise. Their activities shall not be subject to any restrictions by particular legal provisions. (4) The political parties shall resolve on their constitutions, which they shall deposit with the Federal Ministry of the Interior. The political party shall obtain legal personality upon deposit of the constitution. The constitutions shall be published by the political parties on the Internet in an appropriate manner. The constitutions shall, in particular, contain details of 1. the executive bodies or officers of the party and their power of representation, with a manager or managing body, a members’ meeting and a supervisor or supervisory body having to be provided for in any event, 2. the rights and obligations of the members, 3. the structure of the party, 4. provisions on the voluntary dissolution of the political party. (5) Political parties can notify the Federal Ministry of the Interior of their voluntary dissolution. -
Composition of State Legislatures by Political Party Affiliation: 2009 and 2010 [Data As of March and Reflect February Election Results in Year Shown, Except As Noted
Table 410. Political Party Control of State Legislatures by Party: 1985 to 2010 [As of beginning of year. Nebraska has a nonpartisan legislature] Legislatures under— Legislatures under— Legislatures under— Year Demo- Split Repub- Year Demo- Split Repub- Year Demo- Split Repub- cratic control lican cratic control lican cratic control lican control or tie control control or tie control control or tie control 1985. 27 11 11 1996. 16 15 18 2004. 17 11 21 1989 1 . 28 13 8 1997. 20 11 18 2005. 19 10 20 1990. 29 11 9 1999. 20 12 17 2006. 19 10 20 1992. 29 14 6 2000. 16 15 18 2007. 22 12 15 1993. 25 16 8 2001. 16 15 18 2008. 23 14 12 1994. 24 17 8 2002. 17 15 17 2009. 27 8 14 1995. 18 12 19 2003. 16 12 21 2010. 27 8 14 1 A party change during the year by a Democratic representative broke the tie in the Indiana House of Representatives, giving the Republicans control of both chambers. Source: National Conference of State Legislatures, Denver, CO, State Legislatures, periodic. Table 411. Composition of State Legislatures by Political Party Affiliation: 2009 and 2010 [Data as of March and reflect February election results in year shown, except as noted. Figures reflect immediate results of elections, including holdover members in state houses which do not have all of their members running for reelection. Dem. = Democrat, Rep. = Republican, Vac. = Vacancies. In general, Lower House refers to body consisting of state representatives and Upper House, of state senators] Lower House Lower House Upper House Upper House State 2009 2010 2009 2010 Dem. -
The European Parliament Following the 2009 Elections New Tasks in Light of the Lisbon Treaty
Friedrich Ebert Foundation, Representation in Poland The Independent Institute of International and European Law demosEUROPA – the Center for European Strategy Department of International Law and EU Law, Leon Kozmiński University The European Parliament following the 2009 elections New tasks in light of the Lisbon Treaty Edited by Jan Barcz and Barbara Janusz-Pawletta Warszawa 2009 1 Translated by: Karolina Podstawa and Philip Earl Steele Edited by: Philip Earl Steele 2 Contents: About our authors and editors………………………………………………………. 4 List of abbreviations ………………………………………………………………… 5 Foreword ……………………………………………………………………………. 7 Introduction: Peter Hengstenberg ………………………………………………………… 9 Part One: Political aspects of the elections to the European Parliament and the political challenges arising from the Lisbon Treaty concerning the European Parliament and national parliaments • After the elections to the European Parliament, June 9, 2009: Mikołaj Dowgielewicz ………………………………………………………………………………………… 13 • Time for a multilevel parliamentary system: for the sake of a citizen-friendly Europe: MichaelRoth,,AlexandraBrzezinski……………………………………………….. 18 • The new challenges before national parliaments: Edmund Wittbrodt .……… 33 • A few remarks from a political scientist in regard to the outcomes of the elections to the European Parliament in 2009: Robert Smoleń…………………………………. 38 Part Two: The Legal and Political Strengthening of the Status of the European Parliament in light of Lisbon Treaty provisions • National Parliaments in the Lisbon Treaty: Rainer Arnold…………………… -
Five Roles of Political Parties
One Big Party? Name: It’s a Party… …but not the kind with ice cream and cake (usually). Political parties are groups of people who share similar beliefs about how the government should be run and how the issues facing our country should be solved. By organizing into political parties, people have more power to make their voices heard than they would have if they acted alone. Political parties are powerful organizations that fight to get the government to act in ways the political party believes is best. Political parties are organized at every level of government, from the national level right down to your own neighborhood. Five Roles of Political Parties Nominate Candidates Create Balance Political parties are responsible for The most powerful political selecting candidates who will run party is the one that has the for political office. The parties most members elected to office. choose candidates who believe in Being in the majority means the party's platform. These the party can focus the candidates represent the party’s government’s attention on issues that are members and help to spread the party’s message important to the party’s platform. The party in during elections. the minority works hard to oppose the majority party and keep it in check. Usually the majority Influence Policy party is able to get many laws passed. Depending on the minority party’s strength, the Members of the Senate and the House majority may need to compromise with the of Representatives are also members minority before a law will pass. In this way the of political parties.