ANNALS OF AGRARIAN SCIENCE, vol. 13, no. 2, 2015 ИЗВЕСТИЯ АГРАРНОЙ НАУКИ, Том 13, Ном. 2, 2015 AGRONOMY AND AGROECOLOGY АГРОНОМИЯ И АГРОЭКОЛОГИЯ ERODED LIGHT GRAY-CINNAMONIC SOILS OF SHAMKIR REGION AND THE IMPLEMENTATION OF MEASURES TO FIGHT AGAINST IT L.V.Shahmarova Institute of Erosion and Irrigation of ANAS 8, A.Abbasov Str., Baku, AZ 1007, Azerbaijan; [email protected] Received: 09.01.15; accepted: 22.05.15 There is a lot of reasons of developing of an erosion. The main of them — the irrational use of the agricultural territory which is expressed fi rst of all in destruction of natural vegetation. The territory relief, climate, structure and properties of soils have essential impact on intensity of manifestation of an erosion of soils. Ruggedness of the district, abundance of showers, high speed of a wind, a strong siccation of the soil and the insignifi cant maintenance of a humus in it, the contents in the soil of a large number of dusty and sandy particles, calcareousness of maternal breeds strengthen processes of destruction of soils. The vegetable cover protects the soil from an excessive siccation, sharply reduces wind speed at a soil surface, protects soil units from mechanical destruction by rain drops. The root system of plants not only fastens soil particles, interfering with their blowing and washout, but also promotes formation of water strong structure. The layer of moisture capacious fossils collecting on a soil surface in the form of a forest laying or interferes with emergence of streams of the current waters even during plentiful moistening. It is favored by also good water penetration of soils which under cover of plants freeze through in the winter less and quicker thaw in the spring. INTRODUCTION OBJECTIVES AND METHODS In recent years, the development of the heavy industry, Shamkir district has complex relief, consists of transportation, communication and other areas in our mountainous, slopes looking at various areas, and less country, as well as dynamic growth of population of the inclinedplains. Most of the slopes beginning from ridges Republic, expansion of city, settlement, village typed look to the northeast.The relief of the area further accelerates residential areas strengthened antropogen effects to the the economic activities of the people creating conditions land cover, led to the decrease of soils in either absolute for water erosion and as a result micro-relief forms are or relative measurements irrespective of the natural developing. The relief of the foothills and inclinedplain economic areas. Decrease of humus and other organic area consist of less inclined slopes, small valleys and compounds, degradation processes of soil fertility and hills and the ravine erosion has developed foothill in the other characteristics in planting soils of some regions have right and left coasts of the Kur river and split the area. quickened. The area of lands suitable for use has decreased The southern part of the district formed from sedimentary intensively as a result of soil erosion [1]. rocks, consist of Jurassic and Cretaceous sediments for Protection of soil resources, prevention of the reduction of age.Mountainous part is composed of shales,marls and fertility in planting soils, generated erosion from natural sandstones which areconcerned to Jurassic period and and antropagen causes, salinisation and conduction of the foothill part consists of carbonated sandstones which struggle against the degradation processes from the other are concerned to Cretaceous. Plain part is formed from causes are one of the actual issues of the day. alluvial-proluvial which fl ows from the mountains of the Fight against an erosion of soils is the major task resolved Lesser Caucasus and joining to Shamkirchay Zayamchay. by a number of erosion-preventive measures: processing of Mountainous rocks play a key role in formation of the the soil across slopes, deepening and an cultifi cation of an lands of plain part along with mountainous part. arable layer, introduction of soil-protective crop rotations, the grassing of the slopes, etc[2]. RESULTS AND ANALYSIS Research area, cutting No.4 was overlaid in the grazing area, close to Seyfali village which located in the left part 63 of the old Shamkir district. The relief of the area consists of It is clear from the morphological description, light gray- slopes inclined to nothern east. Wormseed, grass, achille, brown in the 0-21 sm layer, the profi le of these soils and sallow-thorn, tumbleweed can be found in the territory. gray color in the lower layer is observed. 0-Granulometric Let’s have a look to the morphological description of the structure of the soils is loamy in 21 sm depth. The structure cutting: of soils onthetop layer is grainy, but after 21 sm is as small 0-7 sm : light gray-brown, grainy, loamy, root and rootlets, bale, and clotty. Roots and rootlets, carbonate spots, 3x5 less humid, boils, clear crossing mm small stones can be found from new reproduction. 7-21 sm : light gray-brown, small huddle, loamy, carbonate Section along the side view is boiling with 10% HCl effect spots, in intense degree. It has been subject to erosion in intense small stones, humid, boils, gradual crossing degree. General analysis results refl ected in the following 21-40 sm gray, lumpy, not selected, loamy, 3x5 mm stones, table №1: humid, boils. Physical and chemical specifi cations of the section: Table 1. Results of the physical - chemical analysis of lightgray-brown soils № of cutting Depth Moisture Humus Nitrogen pH Carbonate % CO2 CaCO3 0-7 3,8 1,60 0,14 7,9 7,35 16,72 7-21 3,6 1,20 0,11 7,7 6,98 15,86 4. 21-40 4,2 0,70 0,08 8,0 7,54 17,14 As shown in the table No.1 the humidity is 3,8 on the top reaction of soil solution is weak sour and sour.It changes layer, and 4,2 in the bottom layer. between pH 7,9-8,0 along the side view. pH indicator is Percent of the humus along the side viewdecreases from slightly higher. The quantity of carbonates is 16,72 % on 1,60 to 0,70 %. Depending on the quantity of humus, the the top layer, and on the 21-40 sm layer is 17,14 % . quantity of the total nitrogen is 0,14% but it decreases Let’s look at table №2. in which thegranulometric signifi cantly in the bottom layer and becomes 0,08%. The composition is refl ected. Table 2. Granulometric constituentsof light gray-cinnamonic soil № of utting Depth cm 1-0,25 0,25-0,05 0,05-0,01 0,01-0,005 0,005-0,001 <0,001 <0,01 0-7 1,36 44,00 18,44 7,20 13,48 15,52 36,20 7-21 1,70 48,16 15,86 13,40 11,38 9,50 34,28 4. 21-40 1,22 36,04 23,60 19,28 10,74 9,12 39,14 Granulometric compositions of soils impact on theirspeed productiveness. Thus, the structure creates more favorable of drying, and play an important role in the heating regime water-air regime. It helps to absorb the humidity to the of soils too.If the quantity of the physical clay is <0,0lmm, soil well and collect ash elements gradually. The sructure according to received results, it can be said that , the increases the productiveness of plantsby infl uencing to the granulometric composition of soil is loamy. Loamy soils most important properties of the soil. Air, heat and food which are rich with clay fractions are more provided with items regime are regulated to create the most favorable nutritious elements than sandy and gravelly soils [3]. Hence conditions for creatures on soils. Structure analysis results can be concluded that, our soil type is rich with nutritious have been shown in table №3. elements. The structure has great importance in soil Table 3. Results of the structural analysis of light gray-cinnamonic soil Depth, Coeffi cient of of the structure 7-5 5-3 3-2 2-1 >10 0,5- 0,25 10-7 № 1-0,5 <0.25 utting cm 0-7 49,4 10,2 9,2 7,6 6,8 3,6 2,4 1,5 9,3 0,70 7-21 60,2 7,8 6,9 5,0 3,7 4,0 1,6 0,5 10,3 0,42 4. 21-40 56,5 6,0 15,0 5,0 4,0 7,5 2,0 3,0 1,0 0,74 64 It is possible to determine whether there is salinization and full absorbtion analysis of soil samples[4].Full absorbtionof brackishness according in that areadue to the results of the soil is refl ected in the following table. Table 4. Resullts of the analysis of the full extraction of waterof light gray-cinnamonic soils № of Depth, Equivalent, milligrams cutting cm Anions Cations Dry Na According residue CO3 HCO3 Cl SO4 Ca Mg to the difference 0-7 - 0,04 0,01 0,05 0,03 0,02 0,05 0,170 4 0,75 0,50 1,15 1,25 0,63 0,52 7-21 - 0,04 0,05 0,05 0,03 0,04 0,07 0,220 0,55 1,63 1,08 0,38 0,37 2,51 21-40 - 0,04 0,16 0,90 0,14 0,15 0,81 1,618 0,70 4,63 18,74 5,75 3,38 14,94 It seems from the table that, dry balance of the soil section If the amount of physical clay is less than 0,01 mm, on the is equal to 0,170 % in 0-7 smdepth, 0,220 % in 7-21 sm basis of the received results it is possible to tell that, particle depth, 1,618 % in 21-40 sm.