SEVENTY-FIFTH .

ANNUAL REPORT

O F T H E

AMERICAN BOARD OF COMMISSIONERS

FOR

FOREIGN MISSIONS.

PRESENTED AT THE

MEETING HELD AT BOSTON, MASS.

OCTOBER 13-16, 1885.

BOSTON: PRESS OF STANLEY AND USHER, 1 7 1 DEVONSHIRE STREET. 1885.

ANNUAL MEETING.

T h e American Board of Commissioners for Foreign Missions commenced its Seventy-sixth Annual Meeting in Tremont Temple, Boston, Mass., Tuesday, October 13, 1885, at three o’clock in the afternoon.

CORPORATE MEMBERS PRESENT. Hon. Charles T. Russell, Cambridge. John N. Denison, Esq., Boston. Maine. Hon. William B. Washburn, LL.D., Greenfield. Joseph S. Wheelwright, Esq., Bangor. George R. Chapman, Esq., Boston. Hon. Joseph Titcomb, Kennebunk. Joseph C. Tyler, Esq., Boston. Hon. James W. Bradbury, Augusta. Edward S. Atwood, d .d ., Salem. Rev. William P. Fisher, Brunswick. A . E . P. Perkins, D.D., Worcester. Daniel L. Furber, D.D., Newton Centre. New Hainpshire. Richard H. Stearns, Esq., Boston. Samuel C. Bartlett, D.D., LL.D., Hanover. Philip L . Moen, Esq., Worcester. Hon. John W . Noyes, Chester. Samuel Johnson, Esq., Boston. D.D., Alonzo H . Quint, d .d ., Dover. Egbert C. Smyth, Andover. Josiah G. Davis, D.D., Amherst. Rev. John W. Harding, Longmeadow. Rev. Franklin D. Ayer, Concord. Hon. Arthur W . Tufts, Boston Highlands. Samuel D. Smith, Esq., West Roxbury. Vermont. Julius H. Seelye, D.D., LL.D., Amherst. Charles C. Burr, Esq., Auburndale. Hon. John B. Page, Rutland. Elbridge Torrey, Esq., Boston. Charles F. Thompson, Esq., Brattleborough. Rev. E. N. Packard, Dorchester. Edward Hawes, D.D. Henry A. Stimson, D.D., Worcester. Hon. Frederick Billings, Woodstock. William H. Willcox, d .d ., Malden. Rev. H. Fairbanks, PH.D., St. Johnsbury. Rev. Jonathan L . Jenkins, Pittsfield. Calvin B. Hulbert, D.D., Lvndonville. Sewall G. Mack, Esq., Lowell. Hon. Horace Fairbanks, St. Johnsbury'. Thomas J . Borden, Esq., P’all River. Massachusetts. David Whitcomb, Esq., Worcester. Cyrus Hamlin, D.D., LL.D., Lexington. Mark Hopkins, D.D., LL.D., Williamstown. Elnathan E. Strong, D.D., Auburndale. Augustus C. Thompson, D.D., Boston. Samuel D. Warren, Esq., Boston. John W . Chickering, D.D., Wakefield. John L. Withrow, D.D., Boston. James M. Gordon, Esq., Auburndale. Henry M. Dexter, D.D., New Bedford. Hon. Alpheus Hardy, Boston. William O. Grover, Esq., Boston. Hon. William Hyde, Ware. Albert H. Plumb, D.D., Boston Highlands. Edwards A. Park, D.D., Andover. Judson Smith, D.D., Boston. Nathaniel George Clark, D.D., Boston. Hon. Robert R. Bishop, Newton Centre. Langdon S. Ward, Esq., Boston. Hon. James White, Boston. Samuel L. Lane, Esq., Southbridge. Samuel B. Capen, Esq., Boston. Joshua W . Wellman, D.D., Malden. Hon. William P. Ellison, Newton. Ezra Farnsworth, Esq., Boston. Hon. William H. Haile, Springfield. Edmund K. Alden, D.D., Boston. William E. Merriman, D.D., Somerville. Rhode Island. Eleazar Porter, Esq., Hadley. Hon. Joseph S. Ropes, Boston. Hon. Amos C. Barstow, Providence. Samuel G. Buckingham, D.D., Springfield. Thomas Laurie, D.D., Providence. Edwin B. W ebb, D.D., Boston. James G. Vose, D.D., Providence. Ebenezer Cutler, d .d ., Worcester. Hon. W . W . Hoppin, Providence. iv Annual Meeting of the Board.

Connecticut. Michigan.

Hon. Samuel Miller, New Haven. Hon. Philo Parsons, Detroit. John N. Stickney, Esq., Rockville. Rev. Moses Smith, Detroit. Noah Porter, D.D., LL.D., New Haven. Rev. Samuel G. Willard, Colchester'. Wisconsin. Hon. Benjamin Douglas, Middletown. Aaron L. Chapin, D.D., Beloit. Rev. Charles Ray Palmer, Bridgeport. Hon. Samuel D. Hastings, Madison. John E. Todd, D.D., N ew Haven. Samuel W . Eaton, D.D., Lancaster. William Thompson, D.D., Hartford. Roland Mather, Esq., Hartford. Minnesota. Rev. Burdett Hart, New Haven. James W . Strong, D.D., Northfield. Rev. Joseph W . Backus, Plain ville. Jonathan N. Harris, Esq., New London. George L. Walker, D.D., Hartford. Iowa. William M. Barbour, D.D., New Haven. Alden B. Robbins, d .d ., Muscatine. Lewis A. Hyde, Esq., Norwich. Hon. Samuel Merrill, Des Moines. Samuel Harris, D.D., New Haven. George F. Magoun, D.D., Grinnell. Rev. Azel W . Hazen, Middletown. Rev. James W . Cooper, New Britain. MALE HONORARY MEMBERS PRESENT. N ew York. Maine. John Forsyth, D.D., W est Point. Richard S. Storrs, D.D., LL.D., Brooklyn. Rev. J. E. Pond, Alfred. Louis Chapin, Esq., Rochester. Rev. Arthur F. Skeele, Augusta. Alfred S. Barnes, Esq., Brooklyn. T. G. Stickney, Bangor. D. Willis James, Esq., New York City. Rev. Francis B. Denio, Bangor. L. Henry Cobb, D.D., New York City. E. F. Duren, Bangor. William M. Taylor, D.D., New York City. Rev. G. E. Adams, Bangor. William S. Smart, D.D., Albany. Galen C. Moses, Bath. A. J. F. Behrends, D.D., Brooklyn. Rev. O. W . Folsom, Bath. Rev. Henry L. Hubbell, Jamestown. Rev. David Garland, Bethel. James P. Wallace, Esq., Brooklyn. Rev. B. P. Snow, Biddeford. Rev. C. L. Nichols, Brownville. New Jersey. Rev. Wm. Forsyth, Bucksport. Rev. A. H. Tyler, Camden. Aaron Carter, Esq., Orange. Alfred F. Adams, Castine. Henry M . Storrs, D.D., Orange. Samuel Holmes, Esq., Montclair. Rev. John P. Cushman, Castine. Rev. J. T. Closson, Centre Lebanon, Pennsylvania. kev. E. M. Cousins, Cumberland Mills. Rev. T. S. Perry, Cumberland Centre. George L. Weed, Esq., Philadelphia. Rev. S. D. Towne, Ellsworth Falls. Rev. Chas. Dame, Falmouth. District of Columbia. Rev. H. C. Me Knight, Falmouth. William W . Patton, D.D., LL.D., Washington. Rev. Chas. H. Pope, Farmington. E. Whittlesey, D.D., Washington. Rev. H. S. Huntington, Gorham. Rev. John Dinsmore, Harpswell Centre. Alabama. Rev. John D. Emerson, Kennebunkport. Rev. C. H. Gates, Limington. Henry S. De Forest, D.D., Talladega. Rev. C. A. White, Mechanics Falls. Okio. Rev. J. E. Swallow, Mt. Desert. Rev. C. D. Crane, Newcastle. Israel W . Andrews, D.D., Marietta. Rev. N. Lincoln, North Bridgton. Rev. Frank Russell, Mansfield. Charles A . Brown, Portland. James Brand, D.D., Oberlin. Daniel Choate, Portland. Rev. Francis Southworth, Portland. Illinois, I. P. Warren, D.D., Portland. Gen. S. Lockwood Brown, Chicago. Rev. G. W . Christie, Presque Isle. E. W . Blatchford, Esq., Chicago. Rev. E. C. Ingalls, Saco. Simon J. Humphrey, D.D., Chicago. A. D. Colcord, Searsport. Franklin W . Fisk, D.D., Chicago. Rev. Geo. Lewis, South Berwick. Annual Meeting of the Board.

Rev. Hiram Houston, Wells. S. W . Buffum, Winchester. Rev. H. O. Thayer, Woolworth. Rev. Sumner Clark, Wolfboro’. Rev. D. B. Sewall, York. Vertnont. New Hampshire. Rev. C. B. Moody, Barton. Rev. Geo. A. Beckwith, Alstead, East. Rev. M. A. Gates, Barton Landing. Edward Aiken, M.D., Amherst. Chas. W . Osgood, Bellows Falls. Rev. S. L. Bowler, Berlin Mills. J. M. Read, Brattleboro’. Rev. Quincy Blakely, Campton. Rev. W m . Carr, Brookfield. Rev. A. B. Peabody, Candia. Rev. F . T . Perkins, Burlington. Edmund Hill, Candia. A. Kimball, Burlington. Rev. Chas. Tenney, Chester. Rev. G. P. Byington, Castleton. H. A. Melvin, Chester. Rev. W . N. Bacon, Coventry. Moses R. Emerson, Concord. Rev. L. D. Mears, Danby. Allen Folger, Concord. Rev. P. S. Pratt, Dorset. Rev. C. F. Roper, West Concord. G. M. Sykes, Dorset. Andrew S. Smith, Concord. Rev. C. W . Clark, Georgia. Rev. Lewis Goodrich, Danbury. Rev. E. J. Ward, Hyde Park. Rev. J. W . Kingsbury, Deerfield. Rev. O. G. Baker, Jamaica. George W . Barker, Derry. J. E. Cram, Middlebury. Rev. B. F. Parsons, Derry. Rev. O. Myrick, Middletown Springs. Rev. E . G. Parsons, Derry. Rev. C. S. Smith, Montpelier. Rev. Geo. E. Hall, Dover. Rev. S. L. Bates, Newbury. Rev. J. H. Steams, Epping. Rev. R. V . Hall, Newport. Rev. Israel T . Otis, Exeter. Rev. W . S. Hazen, Northfield. Rev. Geo. E. Street, Exeter. Rev. L. C. Partridge, North Bennington. Rev. John Colby, Fitzwilliam. Rev. C. S. Perry, Randolph. Amasa Downs, Francestown. David H . Nutting, Randolph. Rev. J. M. Dutton, Great Falls. Rev. Austin Hazen, Richmond. Rev. S. L. Gerould, Goffstown. Rev. S. W . Dike, Royalton. Rev. Edward Robie, Greenland. Rev. Geo. F. Chapin, Saxton’s River. Gyles Merrill, Haverhill. Rev. Henry Cummings, Strafford. Rev. H . H . Hamilton, Hinsdale. S. T. Brooks, M.D., St. Johnsbury. Rev. C. E. Harrington, Keene. Rev. E. T. Fairbanks, St. Johnsbury. S. D. Osborne, Keene. Franklin Fairbanks, St. Johnsbury. Rev. Philip Titcomb, Kensington. Hon. Thaddeus Fairbanks, St. Johnsbury. Rev. Henry C. Fay, Londonderry. L . D. Hazen, St. Johnsbury. Rev. E . P. Butler, Lyme. Theron M. Howard, St. Johnsbury. Rev. Chas. F. Carter, Manchester. Rev. Harry Brickett, Thetford. Rev. John L. Merrill, Marlboro’. Rev. S. F. French, Wallingford. Rev. Daniel Goodwin, Mason. Alfred Stevens, D.D., Westminster, W est. Rev. Benj. A. Dean, Meriden. Rev. James A. Bates, Williston. William Ramsdell, Milford. Rev. J. F. Whitney, Wolcott. Rev. G. W . Grover, Nashua. Massachusetts. Rev. I. C. White, Newmarket. Rev. C. N. Flanders, Newport. Rev. R. W . Haskins, Abington. Rev. T. V. Haines, N orthampton. John A. King, Abington. Rev. F. L. Small, Northwood Centre. Rev. James Fletcher, Acton. Rev. G. I. Bard, Orford. Rev. S. D. Hosmer, Auburn. Rev. A. W . Fiske, Penacook. James Bird, Aubumdale. Rev. C. E . Milliken, Penacook. Rev. M. D. Bisbee, Auburndale. Rev. G. E . Hill, Pittsfield. Rev. Calvin Cutler, Aburndale. Rev. W . A. McGinley, Portsmouth. Rev. H. A. Hazen, Aubumdale. Rev. M. T. Runnels, Sanbornton. Arthur WT. Kelley, Auburndale. Atwell C. Ellis, Sullivan, East. Rev. G. S. Dickerman, Amherst. Rev. B. Merrill, Swanzey. Rev. D. WT. Marsh, Amherst. Rev. J. H. Mellish, Temple. Jas. A. Abbott, Andover. Rev. Josiah Merrill, Troy. C. F. P. Bancroft, Andover. T . A . Bulwhistle, Troy. Rev. C. C. Carpenter, Andover. Rev. C. G. Burnham, Wilton. Edward Day, Andover. VI Annual Meeting of the Board.

W . H. Draper, Andover. Rev. S. W . Hanks, Cambridge. W . H. Foster, Andover. Rev. E. R. Hodgman, Cambridge. Geo. Gould, Andover. Rev. John Lawrence, Cambridge. J . P. Gulliver, D.D., Andover. Rev. W . A. Mandell, Cambridge. Frank F. Gunn, Andover. John W . Partridge, Cambridge. Rev. F. B. Makepeace, Andover. Sam’l H. Scudder, Cambridge. Rev. W . L. Ropes, Andover. Irving Stone, Cambridge. Rev. G. H. Scott, Andover. Rev. Geo. A. Tewksbury, Cambridge. W . J. Tucker, D.D., Andover. Rev. John Haven, Charlton. Rev. W . Willey, Andover. Rev. Charles M. Pierce, Charlton. Rev. Walter Barton, Attleboro’. Rev. F. W . Baldwin, Chelsea. Rev. H. M. Holmes, Ayer Junction. John E. Dinnin, Chelsea. Rev. Sam’l Bowker, Ballardvale. I. P. Langworthy, D.D., Chelsea. Harding Wroods, Barre. John P. Lovett, Chelsea. A. A. Hunt, Barre Plains. Henry A. Pike, Chelsea. Rev. W . A . Houghton, Berlin. C. A. Richardson, Chelsea. Rev. T. J. Clark, Bernardston. Rev. Elisha Loomis, Chesterfield. Rev. W . E. Strong, Beverly. Rev. W . E. Dickinson, Chicopee. Rev. L. H. Angier, Boston. Rev. D . B. Scott, Clinton. Choate Burnham, Boston. S. R. Dennen, d .d ., Concord. Frank E . Butler, Boston. H. M. Grout, D.D., Concord. Linus M. Child, Boston. Henry C. Rolfe, Concord. Rev. J. B. Clarke, Boston. Rev. E. C. Ewing, Danvers. Uriel Crocker, Boston. Rev. Chas. B. Rice, Danvers Centre. B. F. Dewing, Boston. William Soner, Danvers Centre. J. T. Duryea, 13.D., Boston. Allen Hazen, D.D., Deerfield. Hiram Emery, Boston. Rev. J. B. Seabury, Dedham. Rev. G. A. Gordon, Boston. Rev. F. R. Abbe, Dorchester. Edward E . Hale, D.D., Boston. Rev. J . W . Ballantine, Dorchester. J . A . Hamilton, d .d ., Boston. William A. Mowry, Dorchester. John H. Hawkins, Boston. Frank Wood, Dorchester. S. E. Herrick, D.D., Boston. Rev. Jas. Wells, Douglas. Charles Hutchins, Boston. Rev. T. S. Norton, Dover. Rev. W . H. Leavell, Boston. Rev. H. M. Perkins, Dunstable. Rev. S. S. Mathews, Boston. Rev. W . T. Briggs, East Douglas. R. R. Meredith, D.D., Boston. Rev. Geo. S. Kemp, East Douglas. Edward O. Otis, Boston. M. L. Gaylord, Easthampton. S. B. Pratt, Boston. L. D. Lyman, Easthampton. Rev. J. P. Rice, Boston. Rev. S. B. Goodenow, East Marshfield. G. Richards, Boston. Elias Chapman, East Pepperell. Rev. G. W . Stearns, Boston. P. R. Marchant, Edgartown. Edward Strong, d .d ., Boston. Edward Smith, Enfield. Joseph Torrey, D.D., Boston. Rev. W . K. Vaill, Enfield. J. T. Tucker, D.K. Boston. Rev. H. K. Craig, Falmouth. A . S. Twombly, D.n., Boston. Rev. E. A. Buck, Fall River. Rev. D. W . Waldron, Boston. Eldridge Mix, D.D., Fall River. Rev. J. P. Watson, Boston. Rev. S. G. Wood, Fall River. O. H . White, D.D., Boston. S. L . Blake, d .d ., Fitchburg. Rev. H. W . Wood, Boston. Rev. J. M. R. Eaton, Fitchburg. Rev. W . B. Wright, Boston. Rev. E. G. Cobb, Florence. Rev. R. R. Kendall, Boxford. Geo. W . Bigelow, Framingham. Rev. W . P. Alcott, Boxford. R. L. Day, Framingham. Henry H. Brigham, Boylston Centre. Geo. P. Eastman, Framingham. Rev. J. D. Kingsbury, Bradford. Rev. L. R. Eastman, Jr., Framingham. John B. Tewksbury, Bradford. Rev. W . R. Eastman, Framingham, South. A. B. Keith, Braintree. F. J. Stevens, Framingham, South. E. H. Packard, Brockton. Rev. A. E. Tracy, Foxboro’. Rev. A. C. Hodges, Buckland. Benj. F. Boyden, 2d, Foxboro’. W . S. Alexander, D.D., Cambridge. Rev. Geo. E. Lovejoy, Franklin. Jam es H . Ball, Cambridge. Rev. Wm. M. Thayer, Franklin. Rev. D. N. Beach, Cambridgeport. Geo. Kelton, Gardner, West. Annual Meeting of the Board. vii

Rev. Levi Rodgers, Georgetown. Rev. J. L. Ewell, Millbury. Fred. A. Hitchcock, Gilbertsville. A. W . Lincoln, Millbury. Rev. W . D . Brown, Gilbertsville. Rev. George A. Putnam, Millbury. Rev. S. Hayward, Globe Village. Rev. E. H. Byington, Monson. Rev. J. E. M. Wright, Goshen. Edward F. Morris, Monson. J. H. Barton, Granby. Rev. H. C. Alvord, Montague. Rev. P. S. Boyd, Granby. Rev. John F. Norton, Natick. C . E . Hunt, Granby. Rev. Daniel Wight, Natick. Rev. C. C. Painter, Great Barrington. T. R. Dennison, New Bedford. Rev. E. P. Blodgett, Greenwich. S. B. Carter, Newburyport. Rev. J. B. Root, Greenwich. Charles H. Coffin, Newburyport. Rev. G. A . Pelton, Groton. Enoch G. Currier, Newburyport. Rev. Geo. A . Perkins, Harvard. W . J. Currier, Newburyport. Rev. Henry Seymour, Hawley. Rev. P. S. Hulbert, Newburyport. Rev. J. H. Laird, Hinsdale. S. J. Spalding, d .d ., Newburyport. Rev. O. S. Dean, Holbrook. A. H. Wells, Newburyport. Elisha Holbrook, Holbrook. F. G. Barnes, Newton. Rev. C. V. Spear, Holbrook. Wolcott Calkins, d .d ., Newton. Geo. M. Adams, D.D., Holliston. Rev. W. A. Lamb, Newton. Rev. Thos. C. Biscoe, Holliston. John Warner, Newton. Rev. J. B. Cook, Holliston. George P. Davis, Newton Centre. Uriel Cutter, Holliston. William H. Cooley, Newton Centre. John K. Judd, Holyoke. Rev. M. C. Ayres, Newton Highlands. Rev. J . E . Fullerton, Hopkinton. William C. Strong, Newton Highlands, Rev. Chas. W . Mallory, Housatonic. Rev. Charles Scott, N orfolk. Rev. M. H. Hitchcock, Hubbardston. Rev. F. F. Williams, Norfolk. Gen. H. B. Carrington, Hyde Park. Rev. Charles Jones, North Abington. Rev. P. B. Davis, Hyde Park. T. T. Munger, D.D., North Adams. Rev. T. F. Waters, Ipswich. Rev. H. H. Leavitt, North Andover. Rev. G. M. Boynton, Jamaica Plain. Rev. S. P. Wilder, North Brookfield. Rev. A. P. Marvin, Lancaster. J . E . Porter, North Brookfield. Caleb T. Symmes, Lancaster. Rev. J. H. Childs, Northbridge. Rev. Clark Carter, Lawrence. Rev. John W . Lane, North Hadley. Elizur Smith, Lee. S. E. Bridgman, Northampton. Rev. A. H. Cooledge, Leicester. Rev. Isaac Clark, Northampton. L. D. Thurston, Leicester. Rev. Leander Thompson, North Woburn. Alonzo White, Leicester. Rev. James P. Lane, Norton. H. A. White, Leicester. Rev. Amasa Loring, Oakham. E. J. Marsh, Leominster. James Packard, Oakham. Rev. E . G. Porter, Lexington. Richard Smith, Peabody. Rev. H. J. Richardson, Lincoln. George F. Osborne, Peabody. Rev. H. T. Rose, Lowell. Rev. E. W . Harrington, Pepperell. Jacob Rogers, Lowell. N. P. Smith, Pepperell. Owen Street, d .d ., Lowell. Rev. David Shurtleff, Petersham. Rev. T. A. Leete, Longmeadow. Jam es G. Smith, Phillipston. Rev. H . L . Brickett, Lynnfield Centre. Rev. Augustus Alvord, Prescott. W . L. Greene, Malden. Rev. A. L. Love, Princeton. Rev. E . S. Potter, Malden. Rev. J. C. Labaree, Randolph. Rev. C. E. Bruce, Malden. Rev. G. H. Tilton, Rehoboth. J. C. Gordon, Maplewood. Rev. J . P. Bixby, Revere. Frank Broughton, Marblehead. Richard Holbrook, Rockland. Rev. A. F. Newton, Marlboro’. John Pike, D.D., Rowley. Rev. Edwin Smith, Maynard. C. E. Aldrich, Roxbury. Eleazar Boynton, Medford. Rev. D. W . S. Clark, Salem. M. M. Fisher, Medway. Rev. C. W . Wood, Scotland. Rev. R. K. Harlow, Medway. Rev. E. G. Smith, Sharon. T. F. Mahr, Medway. Rev. C. L. Noyes, Somerville. Calvin N. Chapin, Melrose. Rev. E. S. Tead, Somerville. Rev. C. G. Hill, Milton. Rev. John Whitehill, South Attleboro’. George Vose, Milton. Peter Fay, Southboro'. Rev. E . O. Jameson, Millis. Rev. Joseph Danielson, Southbridge. viii Annual Meeting of the Board.

Rev. Austin Dodge, South Dennis. Rev. H. A. Blake, Providence. Rev. W . De L. Love, South Hadley. Daniel E. Day, Providence. Rev. W . S. Hawkes, South Hadley Falls. Rev. James Pierce Root, Providence. Rev. J. Le Bosquet, Southville. Rev. N. W . Williams, Providence. Rev. J. S. Gay, South Wellfleet. Rev. Horace Winslow, Providence. Rev. Michael Burnham, Springfield. Rev. Henry T. Arnold, Tiverton. Rev. L. H. Cone, Springfield. A. F. Cowles, Springfield. Connecticut. Rev. Aldin Grout, Springfield. Rev. Daniel J. Bliss, Abington. Rev. L. B. Marsh, Springfield. Rev. C. W . Park, Birmingham. Rev. J. F. Morgan, Springfield. Rev. Henry C. Woodruff, Black Rock. Rev. M. L. Richardson, Sturbridge. Rev. L. H. Barber, Bolton. Rev. W . F. Arms, Sunderland. Rev. Frederick Alvord, Canton Centre. Rev. Philander Thurston, Sutton. Rev. N. Beach, Chaplin. J . S. Andrews, M.D., Taunton. John W . Griggs, Chaplin. Rev. H. P. De Forest, Taunton. Rev. Francis Williams, Chaplin. Rev. L. S. Crawford, Topsfield. Rev. F. D. Avery, Columbia. Rev. Arthur Shirley, Upton. Rev. H. R. Hoisington, Coventry. Rev. Wm. H. Cobb, Uxbridge. Rev. H. G. Marshall, Cromwell. Rev. T. A. Emerson, Wakefield. John Stevens, Cromwell. Rev. F. J. Marsh, Walpole. Rev. James W . Hubbell, Danbury. Loring Johnson, Walpole. H. N. Clemons, Danielsonville. Rev. B. M. Fullerton, Waltham. Rev. James Dingwell, Danielsonville. Wm. L. Brakenridge, Ware. Rev. Wm. Sewall, Durham. S. A. Spooner, Ware. Rev. D. A. Strong, East Granby. Rev. E. P. Wilson, Watertown. Rev. S. McCall, East Haddam. Rev. Daniel Butler, Waverly. Rev. W . E. B. Moore, East Haddam. J. Evarts Hitchcock, Webster. Phineas L. Blodgett, East Windsor. Rev. P. D. Cowan, Wellesley. J. S. Allen, Jr., East Windham. Rev. G. H. De Bevoise, Wellesley. Rev. Howard Billman, East Windsor. Rev. D. S. Rodman, Wellesley. A. G. Bevin, East Hampton. Rev. P. F. Barnard, Wendell. Philo Bevin, East Hampton. Rev. J. W . Brown, West Acton. Rev. E. P. Root, East Hampton. Rev. C. E. Park, West Boxford. Edwin Talcott, Ellington. A. W . Pierce, West Millbury. J. M. Talcott, Ellington, Rev. C. M. Palmer, Westminster. Fred C. Jones, Farmington. Rev. C. D. Herbert, West Newbury. James B. Williams, Glastonbury. Rev. H. J. Patrick, West Newton.. Heniy Norton, Goshen. Rev. W . W . Curtis, West Stockbridge. Rev. C. A. Northrop, Griswold. Rev. M. T. Hardy, Whately. Rev. A. J. McLeod, Groton. Rev. M. S. Howard, Wilbraham. Rev. Daniel Denison, Hampton. Rev. C. R. Seymour, Winchester. Rev. W . De L. Love, Jr., Hartford. Davis Foster, D.D., Winchendon. Rev. Geo. E. Sanborne, Hartford. Orlando Mason, Winchendon. Rev. A. Hall, Harwinton. Rev. B. B. Sherman, Wollaston. Rev. D . M . Pratt, Higganum. Hon. P. E. Aldrich, Worcester. Rev. B. N. Seymour, Huntington. Edwin Eldred, Worcester. Rev. A. C. Hurd, Killingly. Rev. H. T. Fuller, Worcester. Rev. Jas. A. Gallup, Madison. George E. Gladwin, Worcester. Rev. S. W . Robbins, Manchester. A. A. Howland, Worcester. Rev. Charles S. Sherman, Manchester. Rev. George W . Phillips, Worcester. Chas. H. Learned, Mansfield Centre. Rev. W . T. Sleeper, Worcester. Rev. A. C. Denison, Middlefield. Edward P. Smith, Worcester. Rev. P. M. Snyder, Middletown. G. Heniy Whitcomb, Worcester. Eugene W . Chaffee, Moodus. David N. Camp, New Britain. Rhode Island. J. Warren Tuck, New Britain. Parmenas Skinner, Jr., Bristol. Charles Peck, New Britain. William H. Church, Bristol. M. T. Landfear, New Haven. Rev. Edward O. Bartlett, Kingston. Geo. E. Day, D.D., New Haven. Rev. Wm. D. Hart, Little Compton. Rev. J. Y. Leonard, New Haven. Rev. Forrest F. Emerson, Newport. Rev. Charles H. Williams, New Haven. Annual Meeting of the Board.

Rev. Myron S. Dudley, New Haven. Rev. Geo. H . Bailey, Moravia. J. E. Twichell, D.D., New Haven. Lyman Abbott, d .d ., New York City. Rev. Henry Upson, New Preston. Ephraim Cutter, M.D., New York City. Rev. John 0 . Barrows, Newington. James M. Dickson, D.D., New York City. Rev, John F. Gleason, Norfolk. Edward W . Gilman, D.D, New York City. W m . S. Palmer, D.D., Norwich. Rev. Wm. Kincaid, New York City. Rev. R. P. Stanton, Norwich. Jam es Powell, D.D., New York City. Rev. A . J . Quick, Plainfield. Roswell Smith, New York City. Lester P. Buell, Plainville. Chas. A. Stoddard, D.D., New York City. Rev. Loren F . Berry, Plantsville. Rev. Sam’l H. Virgin, New York City. Rev. Wm. H. Phipps, Prospect. Wm. Hayes Ward, D.D., New York City. Rev. C. S. Brooks, Putnam. Lucien C. Warner, New York City. Chas. M. Fisher, Putnam. Rev. W . H . Woodwell, Orient. Eric H. Johnson, Putnam. Rev. B. F. Bradford, Oxford. Myron Kinne}', Putnam. Rev. H. D. Walker, Palatine Bridge. Samuel H. Seward, Putnam. Rev. W . E. Mather, Paris. Rev. William J. Jennings, Redding. Rev. W . C. Gaylord, Rochester. Rev. D. D. Frost, Ridgebury. Rev. T. M. Hodgman, Rochester. Rev. Bernard Paine, Saybrook. Herbert M. Dixon, Smyrna. Rev. F. J. Fairbanks, Seymour. Rev. L. E. Richards, Stamford. Rev. James R. Bourne, Sharon. Rev. C. C. Creegan, Syracuse. Rev. S. M. Keeler, South Britain. W. W . Rand, D.D., Yonkers. Rev. Frank E. Jenkins, South Coventry. Rev. J. H. Ross, South Norwalk. Pennsylvania. Rev. W . H. Holman, Southport. Chas. Burnham, Philadelphia. Rev. Z. B. Burr, Southport. Rev. Stephen W . Dana, Philadelphia. H . S. Pomeroy, M.D., Somers. Rev. J . H . Pettengill, Philadelphia. Rev. H. L. Kelsey, Suffield. Rev. Edward Webb, Oxford. Rev. A. C. Adams, Thompson. Rev. James W . Raynor, Upsonville. Rev. C. S. Lane, Unionville. Rev. G. A. Bryan, Wapping. New Jersey. Rev. Willis S. Colton, Warren. William S. Dodd, Boonton. Rev. John G. Davenport, Waterbury. Rev. Thomas Carter, Boonton. Rev. Dighton Moses, Westchester. Rev. W m . H . Belden, Bridgeton. Rev. G. J . Tillotson, Wethersfield. Rev. Frank A. Johnson, Chester. Rev. Lewis W . Hicks, Wethersfield. Rev. J. A. Ferguson, Hanover. Rev. David Breed, West Stafford. Rev. Almon Underwood, Irvington. Rev. Arthur Goodenough, Winchester. Samuel H. Turner, Lakewood. Rev. Gowen C. Wilson, Windsor. A . H . Bradford, D.D., Montclair. Rev. J. H. Goodell, Windsor Locks. M. E . Strieby, d .d ., Newark. Rev. S. P. Marvin, Woodbridge. J. H. Denison, Newark. Rev. J. L. R. Wickoff, Woodbury. Rev. Samuel Hutchings, Orange. A. Chandler, Woodstock. S. W . Boardman, D.D., Stanhope. Rev. Charles Noble, Woodbridge. N e w York. Rev. J. J. Hough, Berkshire. Maryland. Edward Taylor, D.D., Binghampton. Rev. W m . F. Slocum, Baltimore. A. B. Davenport, Brooklyn. Julius Davenport, Brooklyn. Florida. Rev. Lewis Francis, Brooklyn. E . P. Hooker, D.D., Winter Park. Edward S. Parsons, Brooklyn. Ohio. Joseph L. Partridge, Brooklyn. A. R. Thompson, D.D., Brooklyn. Rev. Hubbard Lawrence, Norwalk. Rev. F. S. Fitch, Buffalo. Rev. W m . G. Ballantine, Oberlin. Walter H. Johnson, Buffalo. Rev. F. S. Howe, Burdett. Illinois. Rev. S. E. Eastman, Canandaigua. John H. Barrows, D.D., Chicago. Rev. Samuel Johnson, Danby. Rev. E. F. Williams, Chicago. Rev. C. S. Durfee, East Bloomfield. Rev. Wm. E. Park, Gloversville. Missouri. W ebster Belden, D.D., Guilderland. Rev. A. K. Wray, St. Louis. X Annual Meeting of the Board.

M ichigan. New Brunswick.

Dr. Samuel Adams, Detroit. Rev. I. B. Saer, St. John. Allan Bourn, Detroit. Nova Scotia. ReV. Robert W . Wallace, Detroit. Rev. R. F. Bums, Halifax. Rev. Geo. A. Pollard, Grand Rapids.

MISSIONARIES PRESENT. Wisconsin. Rev. L. H. Adams and wife, Central Turkey. Daniel Butler, Green Bay. Rev. W . O. Ballantine, M.D., and wife, Maratha. Rev. Wm. L. Bray, Kenosha. Rev. Arthur D. Bissell and wife, Maratha. Rev. John K. Browne and wife, Eastern Turkey. Iowa. Mrs. T. L. Byington, Western Turkey. Oliver Brooks, Denmark. Miss Sarah A. Closson, Western Turkey. A. L. Frisbie, d .d ., Des Moines. Rev. John S. Chandler and wife, Madura. Rev. S. G. Barnes, Grinnell. Rev. W. T. Currie (under appointment), West D. S. Balch, Lyons. Central Africa. Wm. M. Brooks, D.D., Tabor. Rev. William S. Dodd (under appointment), Western Turkey. Minnesota. Rev. William E. Fay, West Central Africa. Rev. Americus Fuller and wife, Western Turkey. J. W . Perry, Minneapolis. Rev. Chauncy Goodrich and wife, North China. Rev. E. M. Williams, Northfield. Rev. Robert A. Hume, Maratha. Rev. S. W . Howland and wife, Ceylon. Nebraska. Rev. C. W . Kilbon and wife, Zulu. Rev. W . B. Dada, Stanton. Rev. George C. Knapp and wife, Eastern Turkey. Rev. L. O. Lee, Central Turkey. California. Rev. Giles F. Montgomery and wife, Central Sam’l A. Chapin, San Francisco. Turkey. Rev. Joseph H. Neesima, Japan. Colorado. Miss C. H. Pratt, Eastern Turkey. Rev. G. N. Marden, Colorado Springs. Rev. E. M. Pease, M.D., and wife, Micronesia. Miss Lizzie B. Pierson, North China. New Mexico. Rev. J . H . Pettee and wife, Japan. Rev. Horatio O. Ladd, Santa Fe. Miss Martha E. Price, Zulu. Miss Myra A. Proctor, Central Turkey. Dakota. Rev. Edward Riggs and wife, Western Turkey. Rev. John H. Gurney, Dover. Rev. Arthur H . Smith and wife, North China. Miss Charlotte D. Spencer, Central Turkey. Canada. Mrs. Kate P. Williams, Western Turkey. Rev. John Fraser, Montreal. Mrs. Sarah L. Woodin, Foochow. H. Hubbard, Sherbrooke. Rev. James Herrick and wife, Madura.

The President, Rev. Mark Hopkins, d . d . , took the chair. The hymn, “ Jesus shall reign,” was sung, and prayer was offered by Rev. Thomas Laurie, d . d . Rev. Edward M. Williams and David C. Bell, Esq., of Minnesota, were elected First and Second Assistant Recording Secretaries. The material portion of the Minutes of the last meeting was read. The President appointed the following Committees: — Committee o f Arrangements . — Rev. E. B. Webb, d . d . , Rev. J. L. Withrow, d . d . , Rev. A. H. Plumb, d . d . , Rev. S. E. Herrick, d . d . , Hon. Horace Fairbanks, John N. Stickney, Esq., Hon. Arthur W. Tufts. Committee on Nominations. — Rev. E. N. Packard, Rev. Moses Smith, Samuel Holmes, Esq. Business Committee. — Rev. A. H. Quint, d . d . , Hon. W. B. Washburn, Hon. S. D. Hastings, Hon. Samuel Merrill, Hon. A. C. Barstow. Secretary Alden read an abstract of the Report of the Prudential Committee on the Home Department. Annual Meeting of the Board. xi

The table around which the five gentlemen sat who constituted the first meeting of the Board at Farmington, Conn., September 5, 1810, was presented to the Board by Secretary Alden, in behalf of the children of Rev. Noah Porter, at that time pastor of the church in Farmington, in whose parlor the meeting was held, and who took part in its deliberations. Prayer was offered by Pres. Julius H. Seelye, d .d. Secretary Smith read the Annual Survey of the Missions. Prayer was offered by Pres. James W. Strong, d.d. The Treasurer, Langdon S. Ward, Esq., presented his report with the certificate of the Auditors. The report of the Committee appointed last year to consider the plan of conducting the meetings of the Board, was presented by Pres. S. C. Bartlett, and accepted and adopted as follows : —

The Committee charged with considering the plan of conducting the Annual Meetings of the American Board, met at the Missionary Rooms, May 28, 1885. All the members were present except Hon. Roland Mather, who was reported as declining to serve. After a full discussion of the subject, and a conference with the Prudential Committee of the American Board, your Committee unanimously adopted the following resolution: — Resolved, That this Committee see no cause for materially changing, at present, that method of arranging and conducting the Annual Meetings of the American Board, which has grown up provi­ dentially, and has been long tried so successfully. They would, however, recommend that, upon the appointment of the Business Committee at each Annual Meeting, the time and place of the meetings of said Committee, on each day shall be announced, and during the morning sessions of Wednesday and Thursday the said Committee shall be called upon to make any report which they may desire to offer. (Signed by the Committee) LEONARD W. BACON. S. C. BARTLETT. HORACE FAIRBANKS. A. C. BARSTOW. By S. C. BARTLETT, WM. M. TAYLOR. Secretary o f Committee. WM. B. WASHBURN.

The Nominating Committee reported in part, as follows: — Committee on Home Department. — Prof. Franklin W. Fisk, d.d., Prof. William M. Barbour, d.d., Prof. William J. Tucker, d.d., Pres. A. L. Chapin, D.D., Prof. David N. Camp, Elbert B. Munroe, Esq., Samuel B. Capen, Esq. Committee on the Treasurer's Report. — Hon. S. D. Hastings, John N. Denison, Esq., Roland Mather, Esq., James P. Wallace, Esq., Charles Burnham, Esq., Hon. Joseph Titcomb, Allan Bourne, Esq. The report was accepted and the Committees elected. After notices by the Business Committee, adjournment was taken till half-past seven in the evening.

TUESDAY EVENING.

Vice-president E. W. Blatchford, Esq., took the chair at half-past seven o’clock. After devotional services, led by Rev. William M. Taylor, d.d., the sermon was preached by Rev. George Leon Walker, d.d., of Hartford, Conn., on Heb. xi, 13, 39, and 40 : “ These all died in faith, not having received the promises, but having seen them and greeted them from afar, and having confessed that they were strangers and pilgrims on the earth. . . . And these all, having had witness borne to them through their faith, received not the promise ; God having provided some better thing concerning us, that apart from us they should not be made perfect.” After singing, a recess was taken to nine o’clock on Wednesday morning. xii Annual Meeting of the Board.

WEDNESDAY MORNING.

President Hopkins took the chair at nine o’clock. A hymn was sung, and prayer was offered by Pres. W. W. Patton, d . d . The Minutes were read. The President appointed the following Committee on the Special Historical Papers from the Prudential Committee: Pres. S. C. Bartlett, d . d . , Prof. E. A. Park, d . d . , Pres. Noah Porter, d . d . , Rev. A. B. Robbins, d . d . , Hon. William Hyde, Hon. Philo Parsons, D. Willis James, Esq. Secretary Alden read, in behalf of the Prudential Committee, an historical paper in review of the Home Department. Secretary Clark read, in behalf of the Prudential Committee, an historical paper reviewing twenty-five years of the Foreign Department. Twenty minutes were given to devotional services, led by Rev. M. E. Strieby, d . d . , of New York, in which Rev. Burdett Hart, Rev. Aldin Grout, Rev. J. T. Hawes, and Pres. G. F. Magoun, d . d . , participated. The Committee on Nominations reported. Their report was accepted, and the Committees appointed as follows: — On Missions to the Pacific Islands. — Gen. S. C. Armstrong, Hon. A. P. P. Carter, Rev. R. R. Meredith, d . d . , Rev. Frank T. Bayley, Rev. F. F. Emerson, Rev. Frank S. Fitch, S. D. Warren, Esq. On Turkish Missions. — Rev. William Hayes Ward, d . d . , Rev. Cyrus Hamlin, d . d . , Rev. N. A. Hyde, d . d . , Rev. John O. Barrows, Z. Styles Ely, Esq., S. M. Moore, Esq., J. N. Stickney, Esq. On African Missions. — Rev. James Powell, d . d . , Rev. M. McG. Dana, d . d . , Rev. E. S. Atwood, d . d . , Rev. James Brand, d . d . , Pres. Henry S. De Forest, d . d . , A. L. Williston, Esq., W. W. Hoppin, Esq. On M issions to In d ia an d Ceylon.— Pres. Julius H. Seelye, d . d . , Rev. Henry M. Storrs, d . d . , Rev. J. E. Rankin, d . d . , Rev. Henry M. Dexter, d . d . , Rev. John W. Ballantine, Rev. Charles W. Park, Alpheus H. Hardy, Esq. On M issions to China. — Rev. Lyman Abbott, d . d . , Rev. Wm. E. Merriman, d . d . , Rev. J. H. Twitchell, d . d . , Prof. W. G. Ballantine, Hon. B. G. Northrop, Samuel A. Chapin, Esq., Hon. Chester Holcombe. On M issions to Ja p a n . — Rev. A. J. F. Behrends, d . d . , Pres. James W. Strong, d . d . , Rev. George H. Gould, d . d . , Rev. Edward F. Williams, d . d . , Rev. Stephen M. Newman, Roswell Smith, Esq., William O. Grover, Esq. On Missions to Papal Lands. — Rev. William M. Taylor, d . d . , Pres. W. W. Patton, d . d . , Prof. George E. Day, d . d . , Prof. Edwin C. Bissell, d . d . , Rev. William P. Fisher, L. F. Mellen, Esq., Samuel Johnson, Esq. On Place and Preacher.— Pres. George F. Magoun, d . d . , Rev. J. G. Vose, d . d . , Rev. A. P. Foster, Rev. Arthur Little, d . d . , Rev. R. W. Wallace, C. F. Gates, Esq., Rev. John H. Gurney. On Officers. — Rev. D. L. Furber, d . d . , Rev. Edward Hawes, d . d . , Rev. S. G. Buckingham, d . d . , Rev. C. C. Creegan, Rev. George M. Boynton, Hon. William Hyde. J. W. Scoville, Esq. In behalf of the Prudential Committee, Secretary Smith read a paper on “ The Future Work of the American Board,” and Rev. E. E. Strong, Editor of the M ission­ ary Herald, read a paper on “ Missionary Literature — A Brief Survey.” Prayer was offered by Prof. Samuel Harris, d . d . , of Yale College. Addresses were made by Rev. Joseph H. Neesima, of Japan, and Gen. S. C. Arm­ strong. Mr. Neesima presented a letter from the pastors and acting pastors representing thirty-one native churches in Japan, congratulating the Board on the present anniversary. Recess was taken till half-past two o’clock. Annual Meeting of the Board. xiii

WEDNESDAY AFTERNOON.

President Hopkins took the chair at half-past two o’clock. A hymn was sung, and prayer was offered by Rev. J. H. Mcllvaine, d . d . , of Rhode Island. [The session was devoted principally to brief addresses from representatives of various missionary and benevolent societies which had been invited by the Prudential Committee to send delegates to attend this Anniversary Meeting of the Board.] An abstract of a paper addressed to the Prudential Committee, by R. N. Cust, Esq., of London, a director of the Church Missionary Society, was read by Rev. A. C. Thompson, d . d . Addresses were made by W. W. E.ankin, Esq., Treasurer of the Presbyterian Board of Foreign Missions, and Rev. A. R. Thompson, d . d . , of the Board of Foreign Mis­ sions of the Reformed Church of America. Rev. W W. Rand, d . d . , in behalf of the American Tract Society, presented a communication through Rev. M. M. Cutter. Addresses were made by Rev. E. W. Gilman, d . d . , Secretary of the American Bible Society; Prof. A. L. Long, d . d . . of Robert College, in behalf of the Methodist Board of Foreign Missions; Rev. Phillips Brooks, d . d . , in behalf of the Board of Foreign Missions of the Protestant Episcopal Church; Rev. J. N. Murdock, d . d . , Secretary of the Baptist Missionary Union; Rev. E. M. Hill, of the Congregational Foreign Mis­ sionary Society of Canada; Rev. M. E. Striebv, d . d . , Secretary of the American Missionary Association, and Rev. W- M. Barrows, d . d . , Secretary of the American Home Missionary Society. A recess was taken to seven o’clock.

WEDNESDAY EVENING. The President took the chair at seven o’clock. Prayer was offered by Prof. W. M. Barbour, d . d . , of Yale College, and a special discourse was delivered by Rev. R. S. Storrs, d . d . , on “ The Prospective Advance of Christian Missions Suggested by Present Lines of Movement in Christendom.” A hymn was sung, and recess taken to nine o’clock Thursday morning.

THURSDAY MORNING.

After a half-hour’s devotional service, led by Pres. G. F. Magoun, d . d . , Vice- president Blatchford took the chair at nine o’clock. Prayer was offered by Pres. A. L. Chapin, d . d . The Minutes were read. Hon. S. D. Hastings presented the report of the Committee on the Treasurer’s Report, and the report was accepted. The Business Committee, by Rev. A. H. Quint, D .D ., the Chairman, introduced an item of business in behalf of the Prudential Com­ mittee, and Hon. Alpheus Hardy spoke for the Committee, moving that a committee of five be appointed by the chair to examine the affairs of the Treasurer’s office, in view of certain public statements made concerning them. The motion was passed. The Committee on Place and Preacher reported by Pres. George F. Magoun, d . d . , recommending that the next Annual Meeting be held at Des Moines, Iowa, and that the preacher be Rev. J. L. Withrow, d . d . , of Boston, with Rev. Constans L. Goodell, d . d . , of St. Louis, as alternate. The report was accepted and the recommendations adopted. An address was made by Rev. G. F. Montgomery, of Central Turkey. The report of the Committee on India and Ceylon was presented by Rev. Charles W. Park. Remarks were made by Rev. Robert A. Hume and Rev. John S. Chandler (both of India), and the report was accepted. The report of the Committee on the Pacific Islands was presented by Gen. S. C. xiv Annual Meeting of the Board.

Armstrong. Remarks were made by Rev. E. M. Pease, m .d ., of Kusaie, and the report was accepted. The report of the Committee on the Turkish Missions was presented by Rev. William H. Ward, D .D ., who followed the report with an address. Remarks were made by Rev. Edward Riggs, of Western Turkey, and the Vice-president, and the report was accepted. Ten minutes were given to devotional services, led by Rev. L. H. Cobb, d . d . , during which prayers were offered by Prof. F. W. Fisk, d . d . , and Rev. William Dean, D .D ., of the Baptist Mission in China, and remarks were made by Rev. G. A. Pollard. The report of the Committee on the China Missions was presented by Rev. Lyman Abbott, d . d . Addresses were made by Dr. Abbott, Rev. Chauncey Goodrich, of Tungcho, and Rev. Arthur H. Smith, of Shantung, North China, and the report was accepted. The report of the Committee on the African Missions was presented with an address by Rev. James Powell, D .D . Remarks were made by Rev. C. W. Kilbon, of the Zulu Mission, and the report was accepted. The report of the Committee on the Japan Missions was presented by Rev. A. J. F. Behrends, d . d . Remarks were made by Professor Newton, Pres. J. H. Seelye, and Pres. Noah Porter. The resolutions with which the report closed were recommitted to the same Committee, to which Pres. J. H. Seelye, d . d . , and Pres, Noah Porter, d . d . , were added. Recess was taken to four o’clock.

THURSDAY AFTERNOON. The Board united in the communion of the Lord’s Supper at four churches, under the lead of Rev. Cyrus Hamlin, d . d . , Rev. Burdett Hart, Prof. W. M. Barbour, D.D., Rev. J. O. Pettee, Rev. G. F. Montgomery, Rev. A. J. F. Behrends, d . d . , Rev. I. P. Langworthy, d . d . , and Rev. J. W. Wellman, d . d . The Vice-president took the chair at four o’clock. A hymn was sung, and prayer offered by Rev. Edward Hawes, d . d . The report of the Committee on Officers was presented by Rev. D. L. Furber, d . d . , and the following officers were elected : —

President. Corresponding Secretaries.

M a r k H o p k i n s , d .d ., l l .d . N a t h a n i e l G . C l a r k , d .d . E d m u n d K . A l d e n , d .d . Vice-president. J u d s o n S m i t h , d .d . E l i p h a l e t W . B l a t c h f o r d , E sq . Recording Secretary. Prudential Committee. H e n r y A . S t i m s o n , d .d . A u g u s t u s C . T h o m p s o n , d .d . H on . A l p h e u s H a r d y . Treasurer.

E z r a F a r n s w o r t h , E sq . L a n g d o n S . W a r d , E sq . H o n . J o s e p h S . R o p e s . E g b e r t C . S m y t h , d .d . Auditors. E d w i n B . W e b b , d .d . H on . A v e r y P l u m e r . C h a r l e s C . B u r r , E sq . H on . A r t h u r W . T u f t s . E l b r i d g e T o r r e y , E sq . J a m e s M . G o r d o n , E sq . A l b e r t H . P l u m b , d .d . Hon. W i l l i a m P. E l l i s o n . Rev. C h a r l e s F. T h w i n g . The following gentlemen were appointed by the chair the Committee on the affairs of the Treasurer’s office: — Samuel D. Warren, Esq., Hon. Wm. H. Haile, T. J. Borden, Esq., Philip L. Moen, Esq., John N. Stickney, Esq. Annual Meeting of the Board. xv

On motion of Rev. C. R. Palmer, this Committee was instructed to report as soon as convenient through the public press. The report of the Committee on New Members was presented by Rev. J. G. Vose, d . d . , recommending the acceptance of the resignations of Rev. J. J. Carruthers, d . d . , and Rev. A. F. Beard, d . d . The resignations were accepted. The Committee also nominated the following gentlemen for Corporate Members, and they were thereupon elected by ballot: Rev. M. Burnham, Springfield, Mass.; John Lincoln Barry, Esq., Boston, Mass.; Royal C. Taft, Esq., Providence, R. I . ; Prof. George P. Fisher, d . d . , New Haven, Conn. ; Rev. M. E. Strieby, d . d . , New Jersey. The chair appointed the following Committee on New Members, to report next year: C. F. Gates, Esq., Hon. E. D. Holton, Hon. C. T. Hurlburd, Samuel Holmes, Esq., Rev. E. N. Packard, Rev. Burdett Hart, Rev. R. G. Hutchins, d . d . Prayer was offered by Rev. A. B. Robbins, d . d . , and recess was taken till seven o’clock.

THURSDAY EVENING. President Hopkins took the chair at seven o’clock. All hail the power of Jesus’ name ” was sung, and prayer offered by Prof. E. Y. Hincks, D .D . A telegram of con­ gratulations was read from the Congregational Association of Missouri, and the Secretaries were instructed to make appropriate reply. The Committee on the Japan Mission reported, through Pres. J. H. Seelye, d . d . , the following preamble and resolutions, which were accepted and adopted : —

WHEREAS, the progress of Japan during the last twenty years in legislation, civil and criminal procedure, education, customs, institutions, and religious liberty, now gives reasonable assurance of the adequate protection of the person, the property, and the religious faith of foreigners residing there ( therefore, Resolved, That, in accordance with the known wish of the Japanese government and the expressed desire of American missionaries in Japan, our own government should, by a revision of existing treaties, acknowledge the real progress made in Japan since our first treaty with that country was framed, and that those provisions which exempt the citizens of the United States from the operation of Japanese law should be also revised, with a view to their early abrogation, so far as the interests of Christian civilization may seem to require. Resolved, That a copy of these resolutions be transmitted to the President of the United States.

The report of the Committee on the Historical Papers was presented by Pres. S. C. Bartlett, D .D . The report was accepted and the resolutions adopted as follows: —

1. Resolved, That, at the close of these seventy-five years of Christian labor, we recognize with profound gratitude the good hand of God upon this Missionary Board, from its inception to the present time : as manifested in his first kindling the sacred zeal in many separate hearts; in uniting these hearts to form a common enterprise; in giving them a holy courage in the day of small things; in guiding them safely along so many untried paths; in opening wide the world once closed to their efforts; in greatly multiplying their numbers and their m eans; in removing mighty obstacles from their way; in delivering again and again from impending fears of heavy debt; in binding them together by a singular unity of purpose and harmony of counsels; in enabling them to meet many new and grave emergencies; in furnishing so many faithful men and women to carry forth the gospel, and enduing them with power from on high; in preserving the missionaries amid so many scenes of commotion and danger; in granting such ever-increasing measures of success in the founding of institutions, the diffusion of Christian education and a Christian literature, the forming of churches and ingathering of converts, and planting the seeds of yet greater things to come ; and in so magnify­ ing the little germ that it has become a world-wide power, and crowning a feeble instrumentality with such achievements as could spring only from the indwelling presence and grace of the mighty God. 2. Resolved, That we gratefully recognize the indebtedness of this Board to the goodly company of wise and faithful men — the Lord’s elect — who, under God’s guiding hand, have been the willing agents of these great achievements; to the devoted men and women in whose devout souls the enterprise had its birth ; to the godly ministers and laymen — a great host of the living and the dead — xvi Annual Meeting of the Board.

who have borne it forward with heart and hand, with prayer and influence and material a id ; to the honored Secretaries, whose statesmanlike plans and effective force have marked and distinguished its whole history; to the business managers, whose gratuitous services and untiring vigilance have made it a model of prudence and econom y; and especially to the noble band of missionaries, whose self- denying zeal, harmonious cooperation, fertility of resources, fidelity and patience of labor, extraor­ dinary wisdom of method and deportment, and unfaltering faith in God, have embalmed their names and memory in a great multitude of hearts here below, and gained for them, we doubt not, an honorable record on high. 3. Resolved, That, in all the successes hitherto attained, we hear God’s summons to go forward. The lands thrown wide open, inviting the entrance of Christ’s messengers; the Bible, issued in whole or in part, bv our own missionaries, in the tongues of near six hundred million souls, calling for the living preacher to follow and apply it among the one hundred millions committed to our special charge; the hundreds of churches already organized, furnishing the broad foothold for yet greater achievements in the near future; the institutions firmly planted, working their silent revolutions in our aid; the rapidly rising ratio of missionary progress in many lines, offering remarkable encourage­ ment ; the vast increase of these home churches in numbers and in wealth, demanding a proportionate advance in their benefactions; the hopeful, but dangerously critical, condition of the nations, now calling for the promptest measures, — all combine to press home imperatively upon Christ’s followers the duty to raise their standard, intensify their zeal, and multiply their efforts to complete the work thus auspiciously begun, never resting nor relaxing till the kingdoms of this world have become the kingdom of our Lord. 4. Resolved, That the constituency of this Board of Missions are affectionately invited promptly to raise a special and additional sum] of $100,000, as a cheerful thank-offering to the Lord of missions and as the earnest of a higher consecration to the Master’s cause. The report of the Committee on the Home Department was presented by Prof. F. W. Fisk, d . d . , and the report was accepted. President Hopkins then made an address. Addresses were made by Pres. S. C. Bartlett, d . d . , Prof. F. W. Fisk, d . d . , Prof. W. M. Barbour, d . d . , and Prof. W. J. Tucker, d . d . A recess was taken to Friday at nine o’clock.

FRIDAY MORNING.

The President took the chair at nine o’clock. A hymn was sung, and prayer offered by Rev. J. G. Vose, d . d . The Minutes were read. Rev. Wm. P. Fisher presented the report of the Committee on Papal Lands. Remarks were made by H. S. Pomeroy, m .d ., and the Vice-president, and the report was accepted. Rev. G. F. Magoun, d.d., for the Committee on Place and Preacher, reported a list of names for the local Committee of Arrangements for the next meeting, and the report was accepted, and the Committee appointed as follows: Rev. A. L. Frisbie, d .d., Chairman, Hon. Samuel Merrill, J. P. Foster, Esq., A. Y. Rawson, Esq., Geo. H. Lewis, Esq., J. S. Clark, Esq., H. C. Harris, Esq., S. A. Merrill, Esq. Rev. A. L. Frisbie, D.D., of Des Moines, in a brief address, emphasized the invita­ tion given to the Board to meet in the city of Des Moines next year. Rev. A. H. Quint, d.d ., for the Business Committee, reported resolutions of thanks, which were adopted as follows : —

Resolved, That the thanks of this Board be rendered to Rev. Geo. L . W alker, D.D., and Rev. Richard S. Storrs, D.D., for the annual and special sermons, and that a copy of each be requested for publication. Resolved, That the grateful acknowledgments of the Board be given to the Committee of Arrange­ ments for its ample preparation; to the proprietors of Park-street and Mt. Vernon Churches for the continued use of their commodious houses for overflow-meetings, and to those of the Old South and Shawmut Churches for occasional meetings; with recognition of the musical assistance also therein provided. Annual Meeting of the Board. XVII

Resolved, That the Board gladly acknowledges the unpaid, faithful, and useful assistance, both in Tremont Temple and Music Hall, of Mr. George A. Burdett and Mr. Richard Heard, organists, and Mr. Cyrus Cobb and Rev. M. M . Cutter, as precentors, who have led the great congregations in the service of song. Resolved, That the Board recognizes the careful reports given in the public press ; the kindness of the Boston and Providence Railroad Company, the Passumpsic Railroad of Vermont, and every trunk line between Chicago and the East, in the reduction of fares; the special postal aid afforded by Hon. Edward S. Tobey, Postmaster of Boston, and the very important facilities furnished by the New Eng­ land Telephone and Telegraph Company, and by Mr. A. H. Chapman, superintendent of private lines, for new and temporary connections for these meetings. Resolved, That the Board, in its own behalf, and in behalf of the great company which has assembled on this Seventy-fifth Anniversary, appreciates the generous hospitality enjoyed by the gathered thousands, in the homes of the people of more than eighty churches in Boston and its beautiful surrounding towns, and implores the blessing of God to rest upon these households as parts of the great household of faith. Letters were read from Hon. John A. Bingham, late Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary of the United States in Japan, expressing regret at his inability to be present at this meeting, and testifying to the energy and fidelity of the missionaries of the American Board in Japan. A cordial letter of thanks and congratulations was presented from the Syria Mission, now under the care of the American Presbyterian Board of Foreign Missions, formerly connected with the American Board. Secretary Smith spoke of the missionaries who have recently sailed, and Secretary Clark of others about to sail. Remarks were made by Rev. W. O. Ballantine, m .d ., Rev. Arthur D. Bissell, Rev. Robert A. Hume, Rev. Joseph H. Neesima, and by Secretary Alden. Prayer was offered by Rev. James Brand, d . d . The hymn, “ Go ye, I with you go,11 written for this occasion by a member of the Board, was sung. Letters of regret were received from the following Corporate Members: Rev. Drs. George N. Boardman, J. C. Holbrook, E. H. Merrill, E. G. Beckwith, Israel W. Andrews, James H. Means, J. G. Johnson, G. H. White, A. F. Beard, M. McG. Dana, J. S. Hoyt, George Mooar, D. T. Fiske, N. A. Hyde, T. H. Hawks, Joseph Ward, T. M. Post, James B. Angell, J. J. Carruthers, Ray Palmer, H. Q. Butterfield, James H. Fairchild, E. P. Goodwin, C. L. Goodell, Philo R. Hurd, Zachary Eddy, J. E. Dwinell, and R. G. Hutchins; and from Messrs. W. E. Hale, W. H. Rice, N. Shipman, Franklin Carter, E. S. Jones, J. G. Foote, W. J. Breed, Ralph Emerson, Edward P. Flint, Peter Parker, F. C. Sessions, Charles P. Whitin, Douglas Putnam, S. L. Withey, J. M. Schermerhorn, Robbins Battell, Caleb F. Gates, W. W. Thomas, Z. Styles Ely. The Minutes to this point were read and approved. President Hopkins, in behalf of the Board, made an address with further acknowl­ edgment of the hospitality enjoyed. Response was made by Rev. E. B. Webb, d . d . , of the Committee of Arrangements. Prayer was offered by Rev. John E. Todd, d . d . ; the hymn, “ Blest be the tie that binds,” was sung; the benediction pronounced by Pres. Noah Porter, d . d . , and the Seventy-sixth Annual Meeting of the American Board of Commissioners for Foreign Missions adjourned, to meet next year upon the first Tuesday of October at Des Moines, Iowa. HENRY A. STIMSON, Recording Secretary. B oston, Massachusetts: October 16, 1885. xviii The Home Department. — A Brief Review.

THE HOME DEPARTMENT. — A BRIEF REVIEW.

BY REV. E. K. ALDEN, D.D., HOME SECRETARY.

[Presented at the Seventy-fifth Anniversary o f the A . B . C. F . M ., at Boston, October 14 ,18 8 5 .] T h e Home Department of the American Board includes all those agencies upon which the supply and support of their messengers to foreign lands depend.

PREPARATORY PERIOD, 1790-1810. In an important sense, therefore, as a preparatory ministry, it existed for several years before the Society itself was organized in 1810. It was certainly in embryo from 1790 to 1800, in a Litchfield County parsonage, in Connecticut, where the boy “ Samuel,’1 was quietly listening while his mother talked of the perishing heathen, and 011 one occa­ sion overheard her remark to a friend : -‘ I have consecrated this child to the service of God, as a missionary.” It was already existent in the hearts of the far-seeing men who founded the Connecticut Missionary Society in 1798, and the Massachusetts Missionary Society in 1799, who purposed to preach the gospel, not only “ to the destitute and the heathens in our own land,’" but also, as definitely expressed in the words added to the Constitution of the Massachusetts Society, in 1804, “ through more distant regions of the earth, as circumstances shall invite and the ability of the Society shall admit.” It entered into the establishment of the Massachusetts Missionary Magazine in 1803, which was united with The Panoplist in 1808. It was warm in the affections of John and Mary Norris, of Salem, in 1806, when they poured out before the Lord their ten thousand silver dollars, an offering for foreign missions, through the establishment of a Divinity School, by which the missionaries should be educated. During the same year it was in lively activity in the counsels and prayers of the young men at Williams- town, pledging themselves to each other and to God to hold themselves in readiness for the Master’s call whithersoever it should lead them. Three years later this depart­ ment was more fully developed at Andover, and a year yet later entered upon its public official life at Bradford. During all this period it was becoming rooted in a consider­ able number of consecrated hearts, some of them influential in the pulpit and through the press, some of them leading minds in educational institutions and in ecclesiastical assemblies, so that when the foreign department of the American Board was enabled to begin its correspondence with its missionaries beyond the seas, in 1812, the home department was already in communication with a growing constituency extending from Eastern Maine, not only all along the Atlantic coast and the river towns, but also reaching many retired hamlets and villages throughout New England and the Middle States.

FIRST PERIOD OF TWENTY-FIVE YEARS, 1810-1835. Great changes passed over the history of this department during the first twenty-five years of its official lecords. During this period nearly all the founders and early supporters of the Society passed away. On this roll of the honored dead at the close of the first quarter of the century, in 1835, are recorded the names of the first two Presidents, Gov. John Treadwell, of Farmington, Connecticut, and Dr. Joseph Lyman, of Hatfield, Massachusetts; of the first four Secretaries, who were also members of the Prudential Committee, Samuel Worcester, Jeremiah Evarts, Elias Cornelius, and Benjamin B. Wisner; of two additional members of the Prudential Committee, Dr. Samuel Spring, of Newburyport, and Dr. Jedediah Morse, of Charlestown; and of other representative men, such as Pres. Jesse Appleton and Dr. Edward Payson, of Maine; Hon. Wm. Phillips and Hon. John Hooker, of Massachusetts; and Gen. Jedediah Huntington and Pres. Timothy Dwight, of Connecticut. These men, and those asso­ The Home Department.— A B rief Revieiv. xix

ciated with them, had wrought well during this first quarter of a century, and the advance was marked, as manifested in the increase of missionary intelligence throughout the ministry and the churches, in enlarged plans and enlarged gifts. This was the period during which flourished the system of auxiliary societies, then regarded as the most efficient method of raising funds, these societies gathering in, under some simple form of organization, men, women, and children. During this period the churches which con­ tributed, as churches, were comparatively few, and the contributions were mainly from these auxiliary associations and from individuals. The number of these auxiliaries in the year 1835 was about 1,600, and the annual receipts into the treasury had advanced from about $1,000, as reported the first year, to over $163,000 in 1835, the total receipts for the first twenty-five years being about one and one-half million dollars, an annual average for the entire period of about $65,000. The growth during this period in the number of missionaries was more marked than in the receipts. It was a period of earnest religious thought and discussion, and of revivals, which brought forth their fruit in our colleges and theological seminaries, so that, in the year 1835, we find the record of forty-seven missionaries and assistant missionaries sent out, thirteen of them ordained, and of thirty-three more, eighteen of them ordained, under appointment. Attention was also called in the report of that year to the fact that the number of candidates for missionary service in colleges and theological seminaries was greater than it had been at any former period, and a call was made for fifty additional ordained missionaries, and fifty additional lay teachers, it being stated that the Prudential Committee would gladly send them forth if the men could be found.

SECOND PERIOD OF TWENTY-FIVE YEARS, 1835-1860. At the close of the second period of twenty-five years, ending in i860, we find upon the roll of the dead such representative names as those of Hon. William Reed, of Marblehead, for many years Chairman of the Prudential Committee; of Dr. William J. Armstrong, one of the Secretaries; and of Judge Samuel Hubbard, Deacon Daniel Safford, Hon. Samuel T. Armstrong, and Leonard Woods, all members of the Pru­ dential Committee. Only two or three of the founders survived to participate in the Jubilee. During this period the advance in the home department continued — much less reliance, however, being placed upon the system of auxiliary societies, except as incidental — while the churches, congregations, and Sunday-schools, as such, began to be largely represented. The total receipts advanced to about $7,000,000, an annual average for the second period of twenty-five years of about $280,000. During this period, also, there was a commendable response to the call for men, the number of missionaries and assistant missionaries sent out and under appointment in 1859 amounting to sixty-two, of whom twenty-six were ordained.

THIRD PERIOD OF TWENTY-FIVE YEARS, l86o-l88¿. The changes of the third period of twenty-five years, just closed, are indicated in the names of those who, during this period, have been called to their reward. Among these we mention four of the Corresponding Secretaries, David Greene, Selah B. Treat, Rufus Anderson, and John O. Means, and two of the District Secretaries, Dr. William Warren and Dr. Charles P. Bush. To these we add the names of Hon. Theodore Frelinghuysen, for many years President of the Board; of Hon. William Jessup, Judge Thomas W. Williams, and Hon. William E. Dodge, Vice-presidents; of John Tappan, Linus Child, John Aiken, Charles Stoddard, William T. Eustis, William J. Hubbard, Walter S. Griffith, Silas Aiken, Nehemiah Adams, Asa D. Smith, Albert Barnes, Abner Kingman, and J. Russell Bradford, members of the Prudential Com­ mittee ; and of such other prominent laymen and clergymen as William Ropes, William XX The Home Department. — A Brief Review.

A. Buckingham, Seth Terry, Erastus Fairbanks, Charles G. Hammond, Calvin Day, Samuel M. Worcester, Thomas Shepard, Constantine Blodgett, Mark Tucker, William A. Stearns, Richard S. Storrs, John Todd, Seth Sweetser, Benjamin Tappan, William T. Dwight, Joel Hawes, William Patton, Leonard Bacon, Samuel H. Cox, Thomas DeWitt, and William Adams. Of the active Corporate Members of twenty-five years ago who are still enrolled among the active Corporate Members of to-day, only five names continue, one of them President of a college in the Northwest, one of them an ex-Treasurer of the Board, two of them during the entire period members of the Prudential Committee, now its two senior members, and the remaining member, after twenty-eight years of service, the still vigorous and youthful President of the Board. With these exceptions the executive officers are all new men, though two of them have been in the service for twenty years. During this period 184 of the Corporate Members have deceased, an annual average of seven. A noteworthy change in the constituency of the Board occurred in 1870, arising from the friendly withdrawal of that portion of the Presbyterian churches which had hitherto cooperated with the American Board, their withdrawal being made in order that they might become consolidated under their own Ecclesiastical Board, leaving the American Board under the care mainly of the Congregational churches. A few generous donors from our Presbyterian brethren have continued to bestow a portion of their gifts through the treasury of the American Board, and to remember it in their bequests. Nor is it inappropriate that some such gifts should continue to be bestowed, since one fifth of our present corps of ordained missionaries has come to us from Presbyterian churches. A noticeable reduction has taken place in our agency system during this period, the number of District Secretaries, which was eight in the year 1835, and which wras six in the year i860, having been brought down during the past six years to two, one at New York and one at Chicago, the latter having been in the service twenty-one years. During this same period one part of the constituency of the Board which had been prominent from the beginning of its history has been brought into more distinct prominence through the formation of the Woman’s Boards, the oldest, including New England and the Middle States, centring in Boston, organized in 1868; the second, including Ohio and the States of the Interior, centring in Chicago, organized in 1869; ■and the third, upon the Pacific coast, centring in San Francisco, organized in 1873. These Boards have been ably managed, and, by careful distribution of their forces into branches, auxiliaries, and circles, have extended their influence over the young as well as over the old, have awakened and nurtured an interest in particular fields, missionaries, stations, schools, and native assistants, emphasizing work among women, and have cooperated most cordially and harmoniously with the American Board. Their « total contributions to the treasury of the American Board from the time of the first organization, seventeen years ago, have amounted to not far from $1,270,000— an annual average for the entire period of over $75,000; for the last five years of over $120,000. The contributions from the children have been received in part through the Sunday- schools connected with the churches, and in part, during recent years, through mission circles superintended by the Woman’s Boards. A large educational work has thus been maintained, three missionary ships have been built, and in part supported, so that the total contributions of the children into the treasury of the American Board during this period of twenty-five years have probably amounted to not less than $500,000 — an annual average of $20,000. FINANCIAL HISTORY. The financial history of the past twenty-five years is worthy of special mention in several particulars. The Jubilee year was distinguished by the raising of a large special donation of about $70,000, through specific gifts of individuals, mainly from New The Home Department. — A Brief Review.

England and New York. This sum extinguished the debt of over $66,000 reported the previous year, and gave a cheerful tone to the Jubilee Meeting. At this meeting the question of large debts was carefully considered, and it seemed to be the prevalent impression that the experience of the first fifty years of the Board might be regarded as ample in this direction, — the treasury having reported in 1836 a deficiency of nearly $39,000; in 1841, of nearly $58,000; in 1856, of $36,000; in 1858, of nearly $41,000, and in 1859, of over $66,000. It was a commendable purpose on the part of the Prudential Committee which led them, following the general instructions of the Board at the Jubilee Meeting, immediately to adopt and put on record a plan, in accordance with which, from that time onward, no appropriations would be made which it might not be reasonably expected, after a careful estimate of the probable receipts, could be made without occasioning a debt, so that this incumbrance was henceforth, for all coming time, to cease. But a few months after this excellent resolution was put upon record, the United States government became involved in a terrific civil war which continued for four years, calling for a million of men and for three thousand millions of money. Most remarkably, however, was the financial integrity of the Board preserved throughout this trying period, so that, although, in spite of all good resolutions, a debt was reported at the close of the very first year, in 1861, of nearly $28,000, it was entirely extinguished and.a surplus of over $3,000 was reported three years later, in 1864. During the next five years there was not a whisper of debt, not until the year when our Presbyterian friends withdrew, when a balance was reported against the treasury of over $22,000. But this was almost immediately canceled, and there would probably have been no further record of serious deficiency had not the new missions to Papal Lands been undertaken, this additional charge having been received with the distinct understanding that a special annual contribution for this specific department should be requested of the churches in addition to the regular contributions. Only by a comparative]}' few of the churches was this request regarded, and in three or four years the Board, by official vote, relinquished the call for the special contribution, expressing the hope that the regular donations would be enlarged to an amount corresponding to the need. The result of that action was soon apparent, as seen in the reports of the Treasurer for the following years. A deficiency of $26,000 was reported in 1873, increasing in 1874 to over $30,000, in 1875 to over $44,000, partly reduced in 1876, but still amounting to $31,000, which went up, in 1877, to nearly $48,000. The facts in the case were clearly stated to the Board at their Annual Meeting, and such was the special interposition of Divine Providence at that meeting that no one needs to be reminded where the meeting was held. In two hours the load was entirely lifted, and since that time, eight years ago, there has been, in no proper sense, a debt. Three years a slight deficit has been reported; one year, that of the reception and special appropriation of a part of the Otis Legacy, the accounts were exactly balanced; and the remaining four years there has been a small surplus in the treasury, — not indicating, by any means, that all the needs and requests of the missions have been met, nor that many tens of thousands of dollars could not have been wisely appropriated, nor that the work abroad has not been kept under stringent limitations, but — indicating clearly what it is desirable the constituency of the Board should understand and appreciate, the resolute deter­ mination of the Prudential Committee to follow the instructions presented twenty-five years ago, and frequently emphasized since, that the annual appropriations shall be kept within the annual receipts and no serious debt shall be henceforth incurred. So vigorously and, on the whole, successfully has the Committee followed this method of late, that it is hoped that this venerable Society will pursue the same method stead­ fastly for all years to come. Whether it shall prove a permanent success depends, of course, upon the heartiness of the response of the churches it represents, as expressed in their regular annual contributions. It is the strong conviction of the Committee xxii The Home Department. — A Brief Review.

that this is the prudent, and will ultimately prove the most efficient, method for steadily prosecuting and enlarging our great missionary work in both its home and foreign departments. The total receipts into the treasury of the Board, which, for the five years ending in 1835, annually averaged about $140,000, of which amount $8,000 were from legacies, and for the five years ending in i860 averaged about $362,000, of which amount $50,000 were from legacies, have still further advanced, so that the total receipts during the past twenty-five years have amounted to twelve and a half millions — an advance, during the last quarter of a century, beyond the amount received during the preceding half-century of four millions, making the total receipts since the organization of the Board over $21,000,000, an annual average for the seventy-five years of $280,000; for the last twenty-five, of $500,000; and for the last five of these years, ending in 1885, of about $620,000 — an increase in donations during the last twenty-five years from $300,000 to $375,000, and in legacies from $50,000 to about $245,000, the latter including the sums appropriated from the Otis and the Swett legacies. Each of these bequests was phenomenal, the largest previously received by the Board having been that of $100,000 from Anson G. Phelps, Esq., paid to the Board in ten annual instalments, during the ten years which followed the termination of the war. It is some­ thing to be recorded with gratitude that, during the closing years of this third quarter of a century, the constituency of the Board has become so educated to the far-reaching demands of the missionary work in foreign lands that its treasury has been able to re­ ceive and appropriate, with no serious check to the regular gifts from the churches, this additional sum of nearly $1,000,000. It has taught us that large bequests may be dis­ tributed with wise economy so as to be helpful in all directions to a broad, benevolent, and educational work, and such bequests may therefore be hopefully anticipated during years to come. During this same period of twenty-five years, additions, designated by the donors for these specific purposes, have been made to the general permanent fund of about $100,000, and to the fund for the support of officers of about $20,000, so that the one now amounts to over $172,000 ($172,547), and the other to nearly $60,000 ($59,608). During this same period there have been contributed, partly for famine relief and special evangelistic work, but mainly to educational institutions, largely for endowments and buildings, considerable sums which have not passed through the Board’s treasury, amounting, including gifts to Robert College, to over $500,000 — an annual average of $20,000. The time has now arrived for a marked advance in the regular contributions of the churches and of individuals, and nothing could be more appropriate and timely, at the close of these eventful years, than a special thank-offering of at least $100,000.

SUPPLY OF MISSIONARIES. The review of the past twenty-five years, as related to the supply of missionaries, is not so hopeful as the financial review. In the number of single ladies, employed mainly in educational, partly in evangelistic, work, there has, indeed, been a notable increase, — twenty-one reported in i860; 102 in 1885,— an important department of missionary service, particularly as related to the elevation of woman in unevangelized lands. But during the same period the number of ordained missionaries has decreased: 166 reported in i860, 151 in 1885, a decline of nearly ten per cent. The churches may well study these figures thoughtfully, and consider what they signify both for to-day and to-morrow. During the first fifty years the American Board sent out 1,258 missionaries and assistant missionaries, of whom 567, forty-five per cent., were men, of these, 415, thirty-three per cent., being ordained; and 691, fifty-five per cent., were women. During the last twenty-five years 608 have been sent out, 219, thirty-five per cent., men, of these, 184, thirty per cent, being ordained ; and 389, sixty-five percent. A R eview of Twenty-five Years. — A. B. C. F. M. xxiii

were women. During the entire period of seventy-five years, the American Board has sent out 599 ordained missionaries, of whom 32 were physicians, 43 physicians unordained, 144 other male assistants, making a total of 786 men. During the same period they have sent out 1,080 women, 308 of whom were unmarried — a total force of 1,866. This gives, as the annual average for the whole period, about 25 missionaries and assistant mission­ aries, ten men, eight of whom were ordained, and fifteen women — a number which, dur­ ing recent years, has been but slightly in excess of the annual average loss occasioned by death and by return to this country on account of ill health, domestic claims, or other causes. It is an interesting fact that of the present corps of missionary laborers, 413 in number, forty-nine children of missionaries represent the second missionary generation, and nine grandchildren, the third, a total of fifty-eight, fourteen per cent, of the entire number. In this part of our record, as well as in the increased number of women upon the roll, there is occasion for thanksgiving and congratulation; but the decrease in our ordained force, from 166 in i860 to 151 in 1885, during a period when it ought to have doubled, is ominous, especially if we connect with this statement another of serious significance as related to our work both at home and abroad. In the year 1859-60 our 2,600 Congregational churches— giving round numbers—with 260,000 members reported 312 theological students in their six theological seminaries. In 1884-85 our 4,100 Congregational churches, with a membership of 402,000, if the same propor­ tion had continued as obtained in i860, should have reported 480 theological students in their seven theological seminaries. They did report but 339. We may well ask, where are the 141 who failed to report? They have all been needed, and are to-day needed, on the foreign field alone. Take note of these facts in connection with the immense increase of the work abroad as represented in the foreign department, and they are startling in their significance. We may appropriately pause at the close of our seventy-five years, and in anticipation of the coming twenty-five, and ponder well this grave question as to the future supply for our broad and growing missionary fields. It is enough for the present purpose of the Committee simply to suggest the problem. It is the old word so often repeated: “ The harvest truty is plenteous, but the laborers are few.” Shall we heed the Master’s call, never more imperative than to-day, for earnest prayer, for sober inquiry, and for personal missionary consecration ?

A REVIEW OF TWENTY-FIVE YEARS. — A. B. C. F. M.

BY REV. N. G. CLARK, D.D., SENIOR FOREIGN SECRETARY.

[Presented at the Seventy-fifth Anniversary of the A. B. C. F. M., at Boston, October 14, 1885.]

T h e remark often made that “ institutions live while the men in charge of them give place to others ” finds illustration in the records of this Board during the last twenty- five years. Of the 208 corporate members in i860, as appears more fully in the Report of the Home Department, only five active members remain; of the Prudential Committee but two out of twelve ; of the executive officers, — secretaries, editor, treasurer, none ; of the 166 missionaries, but fifty-two. Thus the Board, by constant infusion of new blood, maintains its character as progressively conservative. Did time permit, we would fain dwell on the work of some of these men,— secre­ taries and missionaries, — entering so largely into the results to be reported at this anniversary: — of Dr. Anderson, of lofty purpose and comprehensive plans, ever looking with confident expectation to the ultimate triumph of the missionary enterprise ; of Mr. Treat, wise, prudent, far-sighted; of Dr. Wood, resuming labor in the foreign field, xxiv A Review of Twenty-five Years. — A. B. C. F. M.

faithful to his first love; of Dr. Means, long enough in office to give proof of his singu­ lar thoroughness and self-sacrificing devotion; of Mr. Gordon, who to the regret of all was constrained to retire from the office of Treasurer; and of Mr. Worcester whose accuracy and carefulness as an editor was only equaled by the wisdom of his counsels. How much of our missionary history gathers about the names of Bushnell and Lindley; of Goodell, Dwight, Schauffler, and Schneider; of Spaulding, Poor, Scudder, and Sanders; of Ballantine, Tracy, and Capron ; of Bridgman, Snow, Armstrong, Judd, and Coan; of Worcester, Riggs, and Williamson; not to speak of others no less worthy who through faith have wrought righteousness, and obtained promises, and gained a good report, not as founders of states, but of new civilizations, through the gospel of 'Christ, among millions of their fellow-men. Of the 1 66 missionaries on the roll in i860, the fifty-two still remaining have rendered an average service of 34.6 years ; the eighty whose names are starred, 28.5 years, though seventeen of. them lived in this country for years after retiring from the missionary work. The remaining thirty-four, so far as known, are still living, some in honored old age resting from their toils, some actively engaged in the ministry. The last twenty-five years constitute one of the most eventful periods in history. It is a period remarkable for changes in the political world ; for the abolition of slavery in the United States; for the unification of the scattered provinces of Italy in one united government; for the establishment of the German Empire as a leading power in Europe; for the overthrow of a corrupt empire and the establishment of a republic in France; for important changes in the Ottoman Empire, releasing large provinces from the despotic rule and corrupting influences of Mohammedanism ; for the remarkable development of commercial and educational interests among the two hundred and fifty millions of India; for the opening of China and, later, of Japan to the civilization of the West; and last, but not least in its bearing on the political destiny of mankind, for the opening of Africa, and the establishment of a great Free State in the regions drained by the Congo. These political changes, affecting the welfare of so large a portion of the human race, are intimately connected with the progress and development of Christian civilization. This period is hardly less remarkable for the development of missionary enterprise. The field open to effort has kept pace with these political changes. In i860 China was practically closed to the gospel, save in the region of a few seaports. Six years later it had been so effectually opened by war and subsequent treaties that Dr. Blodget of Peking knew of nothing to hinder young men from going, two by two, to towns, cities, and villages throughout the whole country, preaching the gospel and distributing the Word of God to the people. In this vast empire in which, forty-four years ago, there were known to be but six native Chinese Christians, and but five hundred in i860, more than thirty missionary societies are now carrying the gospel to every province, and 26,000 converts enrolled in nearly 400 churches attest their success. During this same period Japan has welcomed 120 missionaries, and taken rapid strides on the pathway of a Christian civilization. And last, and perhaps the most wonderful event in the records of the history of the church, a hundred millions of the colored race in the heart of Africa have been taken under the protection of the Great Powers of the ■world and made accessible to Christian missions. In other fields in which the work had been begun, there has been such steady progress and growth as to have more than doubled — not to say quadrupled— the results realized twenty-five years ago. The field of the American Board in i860 embraced twenty-two missions. Its half- century had closed hopefully. The little group of eight, who composed the first missionary company, had been enlarged to 1,257, distributed through all portions of the globe. One hundred and sixty-two churches and 55,000 members, received on profession of their faith in Christ, bore witness to the presence and blessing of the A Review of Twenty-five Years. — A. B. C. F M. xxv

Holy Spirit. There was good reason for observing the jubilee. The field then occupied has been changed by the close and transfer of thirteen different missions, including among others the mission to the Sandwich Islands, five missions to Indian tribes, and the Syrian, Nestorian, and Gaboon missions, transferred to the Presbyterian Board in 1870. In these missions from first to last had been gathered under our care not far from 60,000 followers of Christ, leaving in fields retained and still occupied by the Board 105 churches, with 3,539 members. Yet these losses in mission territory have been more than made up by the addition of four missions in Papal Lands, two missions in Japan, and by the enlargement of work in China and Africa, till, as the result, the field now occupied is larger than that of twenty-five years ago. But the greatest change has been not so much in fields occupied as in populations accessible to Christian effort. It was felt in i860 that we were on the eve of great changes, and that the time was close at hand when barriers to missionary operations in all parts of the globe were to be removed, and that due preparation must be made. The few hundreds and thousands accessible at first were giving place to millions. Indeed, it has been estimated that the population accessible to the Board in i860 was not less than ten millions, or sixty thousand to each ordained missionary. During the next ten years the accessible population increased at least threefold. The ten years following witnessed a still greater increase, till at the present time the population accessible to the missionaries of this Board, and actually dependent on it for the message of life, cannot be reckoned at less than one hundred millions. Such is the immense field practically dependent, not on all the Christian denominations of the country, but on the constituency of this American Board. In the meanwhile, there has been but little increase in the missionary force in the field. The constituency at home was reduced in 1870 by the withdrawal of most of the New School Presbyterians ; while the increase by the growth of the Congregational body has as yet hardly made up for the loss then experienced. The contributions to the treasury, however, were generously sustained, so that the work abroad has not suffered loss, though the receipts have not been so increased as to enable the Board to keep pace with the demands of the ever-enlarging field committed to its care. The number of ordained missionaries whose names appear on the roll, exclusive of those on the Sandwich Islands, is no greater than in i860. The growth of the field, and the inadequate supply of men and means from this country, have led to some important changes in the methods pursued, — so important as to be in some sense characteristic of the period under review. In the first place, vigorous efforts have been made to inculcate just principles of self-support in the native churches, and to inspire in them a proper sense of their responsibility for the progress of the gospel. The circumstances of the different fields are so varied that the same degree of progress has not been practicable in all the fields ; but the Board can point to the results of its labors in this direction with no little satisfaction and hope. It is much that nearly one half of the native churches are now self-supporting, that so many common schools are wholly sustained by the people, and that such large sums are received for board and tuition in colleges and other higher insti­ tutions. It is believed that in proportion to their means most of our native Christian brethren are doing their full part in this direction, and setting a worthy example of self-denial and consecration to Christians in more favored lands. Another interesting feature of the foreign work during the past t\yenty-five years is the enlargement of work for women. The organization of a Woman’s Board in con­ nection with the American Board of Missions, in 1868, marks a new era in this impor­ tant department. The Union Missionary Society of New York, instituted a few years earlier, had led the way, and shown the practicability of such organizations. But the Woman’s Board of Missions was the first institution of its kind among the women xxvi A Reviezv o f Twenty-five Years. — A. B. C. F M.

of this land to take up and develop woman’s work abroad in connection with an exist­ ing missionary society. The enlargement of operations in this branch of the service was in part to make up for the lack of ordained missionaries. The American Board had not been neglectful of its opportunities in this direction, as its early missions among the Indians of this country had shown. It had sent abroad women to act as teachers, but the great work of woman for woman in all parts of the mission field was still waiting; and the success which has attended, not only the Woman’s Boards of Missi'Ons in connection with this American Board, but the impulse thereby given to similar organizations in connection with different missionary societies in this country and in Europe, are evidences that the time had not only come for such a movement, but for a special divine blessing upon it. In i860 there were 21 unmarried women connected with the different missions of the Board. A few of the wives of missionaries were attempting as they had opportunity to do something for their sex, but no systematic work had been organized. At the present time there are 102 women connected with the different missions, in charge of forty seminaries, or engaged directly in what is known as field work. The number of young women enjoying the advantages of higher Christian education, under the immediate care of cultured women from this country amounts to nearly 1,700, while probably ten times as many more are reached in their homes by missionary ladies and by the large number of Bible-women working under their supervision. A third characteristic of the period under review is the development of higher Christian education. There was need of such education to train pastors to take charge of churches, so as to relieve missionaries of their care and supervision. There was need of higher education also for the raising up of preachers to do evangelistic work under the direction, and with the counsel, of missionaries. The lack of men from this country has made this need more and more urgent. Natives of the several countries, familiar with their wants, with the language of the people, and inspired with the Christian purpose to make others sharers with them in the blessings of the Christian life, if properly educated, are often found more efficient in certain lines of effort than foreigners can well hope to be. One important consideration bearing on this subject is the wide diffusion of ideas and sentiments opposed to the spirit of the gospel, till missionaries find that they have to contend, not only with the errors and superstitions of the heathen, but with imported scepticism and infidelity from Western lands. On this account, in most of the high schools and colleges that have been instituted in the foreign field, the English language has been introduced, partly as a means of culture and discipline, taking the place of Latin and Greek in our home institutions, and in part as the storehouse of the best thought of the world in all departments of knowledge as well as of religious truth. The changed relations of the work abroad, in view of the advance of civilization and the interchange of thought and sentiment now actually realized in all parts of the world, have made necessary corresponding changes in the education of the native ministry. So long as native communities were practically kept aloof from the world, as was the native population of the Sandwich Islands for many years, it might seem to be enough to give them a knowledge of the essential truths of the gospel, and to leave these truths to do their own proper work in developing the mind and heart of the people, thus creating such a demand for educational facilities as the people would themselves be able to supply in due time. Later, this favorable condition for the dis­ semination and establishment of Christian truth passed away, and in most fields, especially in India, Turkey, and still more in Japan, it has been found necessary to raise up an educated class that shall be competent to discuss the popular questions of the time, touching fundamental laws in morals and religion, as well as to instruct them in the saving truths of the gospel. This has enlarged the scope of missionary effort, A Reviezuof Twenty-five Years.— A. B. C. F. M. xxvii

added to its difficulties and the necessary expenses of carrying it on, while at the same time it has broadened its field, broadened its range of influence, and enabled it to contribute more directly than before to the introduction and development of Christian culture in its highest and best sense. This changed character of missionary work has added not a little to the immediate burdens and responsibilities of missionary organiza­ tions. As the result of this advance in educational effort, there are at present fifty high schools and colleges for young men, attended by about 2,000 pupils. Add to these the forty seminaries and high schools for young women, and we shall have some concep­ tion of the great work in progress for the promotion of higher Christian education — some conception, too, of what it means for the future of evangelistic work. In the meanwhile, the necessities of a Christian literature have been supplied in part through the agency of Bible Societies generously providing for the preparation and distribution of the Scriptures; in part, also, by the contributions of Religious Tract Societies, supplemented largely by funds devoted to this object by the Prudential Committee, upon the advice and recommendation of its missionaries, till the aggregate of educational and religious literature from the beginning, exclusive of the Scriptures, amounts to over 1,600,000,000 of pages. While the results of the work committed to us have not been all that we could desire, they are perhaps more than we could well have anticipated in view of the efforts put forth, the small number of men, and the limited means that have been employed in the field. In Western Asia, by the year i860, missionary work had nearly reached its present limits of territorial extent. Forty-nine churches had been gathered at different points with a membership of 1,696; 9 high schools had been established, attended by 216 pupils, and 184 common schools, with an attendance of 5,753 pupils. At the present time, in the field then occupied by the Board, including the portion transferred to the Presbyterian missions, there are 149 churches, with a membership of 11,263. In educational enterprises the growth is still greater, till 2,500 youth are to be found in higher institutions of learning, and eight times as many more in common schools. One fourth of this aggregate is to be found in the missions transferred to the Presby­ terian Board. While we congratulate our Presbyterian friends on the success attending their efforts to develop the Syrian and Nestorian missions, begun and nurtured for a time by this Board, it may not be unbecoming in us to claim a share in the heritage of Eli Smith, Simeon H. Calhoun, Justin Perkins, David T. Stoddard, and Fidelia Fisk. The influence of American missions in the Turkish Empire can hardly be over­ estimated, in changing the thought and character of thousands of persons outside of evangelical communities, in the development of educational institutions of all classes, and the awakened intelligence of hundreds and thousands, not only by schools, but by means of the press. Thousands and tens of thousands of individuals, it is believed, have become acquainted with the essential truths of the gospel who still remain in their former church relations. Popular prejudice prevents them from taking a stand, as they might otherwise do, in behalf of evangelical sentiments. A false view of patriotism leads multitudes to believe that to be known as evangelical Christians is to renounce their nationality and be unfaithful to the best interests of their own people. The missionary work will be largely accomplished when such internal reforms are effected as shall secure to all a knowledge of the essential truths of the gospel and shall lead the people to value them rather than the forms and errors by which they have been overlaid. The missions in India have been sustained with substantially the same missionary force during the last twenty-five years. The growth in church membership and in educational work will be seen in the following comparison: Churches in i860, 50, with XXV111 A Review of Twenty-five Years. — A. B. C F. M.

1,862 members; in 1885, 71, with 5,690 members. The pupils in high schools have increased from 238 to 1,004; in common schools from 3,043 to 12,703. But the item of most importance to be noticed here has been the growth in these communities in the direction of self-support and toward a higher type of Christian character. Little is . now heard of the reproach that used to be cast on converts of being “ rice-Christians.” Men who give their tithes out of their extreme poverty, women who take from the daily allowance for the family a portion to be set aside for the treasury of the Lord, and men and women who give of their time and their best effort without charge to make known the gospel to others, are above all such reproach. In Africa the Zulu Mission has been gaining steadily in numbers and in moral power, while two new missions have been begun, — one in West Central Africa and one on the coast to the northeast of the Zulu Mission, looking toward what has been known as Umzila’s Kingdom. It is hoped, through these agencies, that the American Board will take its part with others in the evangelization of this most interesting, last-to-be- reached continent. In China there has been steady progress and great advance within the last few years, — not what the field has required, but an advance which looks to a larger share here­ after in the evangelization of its teeming millions. Instead of two churches and twenty-eight members, as in i860, there are now twelve churches and 1,175 members. No longer confined to the coast, missionaries are pressing their way hundreds of miles into the interior, while the gains in church membership, and in popular interest in the gospel message at many points, show that the work is well in hand. In Micronesia the work has spread from island to island, till, instead of hundreds, we may now speak of thousands as brought to the truth in this quarter of the globe, and /slands formerly inaccessible to trade and dangerous of approach have become, not only centres of Christian influence, but objects of interest to commerce and to great political powers by reason of industries that have been developed among them. In Japan, to which the first missionary of the Board, a son of a former Secretary, was sent, in 1869, and the first church organized in 1872, it is our joy to report at the present time thirty-three churches, of which twenty-two are self-supporting, and others nearly so, in which are enrolled more than 3,000 members. The outlook for this field was never more hopeful, and the day cannot be far distant when Japan will take her place among the Christian nations of the globe. In Papal Lands progress has been slow, as the field has been specially difficult; yet the results are not without encouragement, and though the numbers may be small who have been gathered into the fold, it is believed that as a leaven for good to elevate and purify, the influence of these missions upon the outlying communities will be worth far more than the cost. As a result, therefore, of the twenty-five years in the history of the American Board, we may note an advance, in places where the gospel is preached, from 161 to 909; in churches, from 105 to 292; of church members, from 3,500 to over 23,000; of pupils in common schools, from 8,000 to 35,000; of native pastors, from 25 to 147; not to speak of the growth of a large and efficient body of native preachers and teachers, acting as co-laborers with us in the evangelization of their people. By a singular coincidence, there has been on the average a fivefold increase during the twenty-five years in the aggregate of results in the following lines of effort: in the breadth of the field, counting towns, cities, and islands actually occupied; in the number of church members, of pastors, of high schools, seminaries and colleges, and in the contributions of native Christians toward the support of their own institutions. So we tabulate as best we may the results accomplished; but how shall we estimate the influences which no figures can measure, exerted by the example of devoted Christian men and women from this country, by the changed lives and character of thousands a* A Review of Twenty-five Years.— A. B. C. F. M.

their countrymen, by the Christian ideas poured into languages spoken by half the human race — vital forces to regenerate and elevate the thought and sentiments of millions of our fellowmen? What vantage-ground for further progress has been gained in the knowledge of countries and peoples, in practical experience of missionary methods, in Christian literature developed, in Christian institutions established, and, above all, through the sublime demonstration that the gospel is indeed the power of God unto the salvation of every one that believeth, to men of every race and clime? So we close the record of three quarters of a century. How changed the outlook for the triumph of Christianity since that Wednesday morning, June 27, 1810, when Drs. Worcester and Spring, as they rode in the chaise from Andover to Bradford, first dis­ cussed the plan of an American Board of Missions! Europe lay at the feet of Napoleon ; French ideas of infidelity were dominant in the intellectual circles of the world; the churches of this country had hardly recovered from the demoralizing influences of the revolutionary struggle, and those of New England were just rallying from a still heavier blow. Yet memories of Eliot and Brainerd still lingered in humble homes. The example of Carey and the beginnings of missionary interest in England were not unnoticed here, but with the exception of the Moravians, who, after repeated but ineffectual attempts during the eighteenth century to gain a lodgment in Asia and Africa, had established missions in Greenland and Labrador,’ the work of foreign © missions was still in its infancy, and the time had as yet hardly come to speak of converts from heathenism. But the young men whose hearts the Lord had touched as they bowred beneath the shadow of the haystack in Williamstown, and these fathers in the ministry on their way to Bradford, had large thoughts of the kingdom of God and of the reach of the divine promises. Yet, with all their faith and enthusiasm, could they have anticipated that thé American Board of Commissioners for Foreign Missions would to-day report the receipt of over $21,000,000 into its treasury, the sending out of 1,866 men and women to its work, the gathering of 396 churches, and 95,000 souls won from the darkness of ignorance and superstition to the acceptance and confession of the Lord Jesus Christ? Could they have anticipated that at the time of this seventy- fifth anniversary one of its missions, — that to the Sandwich Islands, — become inde­ pendent, should have sent out seventy-five of its sons and daughters as foreign missionaries into the regions beyond, have raised for foreign missions $170,149, and an aggregate for Christian objects of $818,270, — thus faithful to the traditions of the Mother Board? And all this is the work of but one division of the grand army1 of the Lord, one of the many missionary organizations reporting an aggregate income of nearly ten millions of dollars per annum, 3,226 ordained missionaries, and a native contingent of 27,194 pastors, preachers, and teachers. How, too, would they have rejoiced in the roll of communicants, to the number of 667,345, the fruit of missionary effort, representing the principal nations and tribes of the unevangelized world. The morning dawns, the day cometh — the day of the kingdom of our Lord and of his Christ.

1 For the statistics here given the Board is indebted to the painstaking care of Dr. Strong, Editor of the Missionary Herald. They are based on the last reports accessible, and include the returns of eighty-one missionary organizations, as follows : —

Ordained Native Helpers. 1 Income. Missionaries. Communicants.

32 American Societies ...... $3.125.763 1,042 7.575 240,829 24 British Societies ...... 0,039,930 1,268 15,490 366,501 25 Continental S o c ie tie s...... 626,802 634 2.564 116,706 Moravian, not distinguished by Countries . 282 1.565 28,116

$ 9.792.495 3,226 27,194 752,152 XXX The Future Work of the American Board.

In the number of communicants named above are included 61,550 Baptists and 23,257 Methodists, from Protestant countries in Europe, making an aggregate of 84,807 communicants connected with these two Societies, but not from lands properly classed as unevangelized. Deducting these from the number above given, 752,152, and there remain 667,345 communicants in evangelical churches in heathen, Mohammedan, and Papal Lands.

THE FUTURE WORK OF THE AMERICAN BOARD.

BY REV. JUDSON SMITH, D.D., SECRETARY,

f.Presented at the Seve?ity-ftfth Anniversary o f the A . B . C. F . 71/., at Boston, October 14 ,18 8 5 .]

We stand at a marked and interesting point in the history of the Board. The story of seventy-five years is here completed and closed. As the marvelous beginnings of this great work and its still more marvelous growth are freshly brought to view, our hearts are thrilled by the heroism and faith and patience of the workmen, the living and the dead ; we bow in awe at the manifest presence of the Most High God in the midst of all the work, and upon the monument here raised to mark the day we inscribe the testimony of our faith : Hitherto hath the Lord helped us.” It is a favorable time to look forward to the work which is still to be accomplished, and in the light of past experience to plan for its prosecution. I. We first observe the present aspects o f our work. 1. The foreign missionary enterprises of this century have distinctly entered upon a new phase, and are marked by the character of universality. Their avowed aim. steadfastly pursued, is the conversion of the whole human race. No local conquest 01 temporary success satisfies the demand. An island may be evangelized here, a nation there may be won; but the missionary force is transferred to another field, and the same work is elsewhere renewed. Special epochs may be marked, and anniversaries observed, to measure progress and sum up results, to gather the fruits of experience, and take new bearings. But in that great movement on which Evangelical Christendom is now embarked, there can be neither end nor pause until the Church of Christ is per­ manently planted in every nation and island of the globe. 2. Obviously the work to which the American Board is pledged, viewed as a whole, is still at its beginnings rather than nearing its end. Many different stages may be noted in its several fields. The work in the Sandwich Islands has been completed and handed over to the native churches. There is reason to hope that some of our older missions are approaching the day of self-support and independence. The growth in this direction these later years has been most marked and encouraging. And yet in no one of the missions now under our care are we diminishing our force or lessening our w-ork. Relatively, Turkey, India, and Japan, where the work is most advanced, receive more attention than ever before; two thirds of all the missionaries appointed within the year have been designated to these fields. It is but the fringes of heathenism which we have touched thus far. Nothing that we have thought of or attempted is yet finished; everywhere our work is just begun, or is reaping the first fruits, or is preparing upon the ground of certain positive gains to go forward on a larger scale to a broader result. While the countless hosts of heathenism still include the vast majority of the human race ; while as yet we have merely skirted one edge of the Chinese Empire, the ruling power of the largest continent on the earth; while we are daily learning something new about the second continent in size upon the globe, and have planted missionary centres only upon the extreme outskirts of its vast areas: The Future Work of the American Board. xxxi

while of India and Turkey, where we have been the longest and gained the most, but a few thousands have been radically changed by the gospel; while in the islands of the sea the points of light are few and far between, and the great mass of heathenism moves on its dark way unillumined and unchecked; and while in nominally Christian lands so large an amount of godlessness and practical atheism confronts us, — so long as all this is true, who can for a moment dream that our work is done, that here is the place to plan for dismemberment and withdrawal? In the terrible days of the Wilder­ ness and the movement on Richmond, there were some who called the war for the Union a failure, and demanded that our armies be recalled and disbanded. And we know how the nation made answer to that appeal. Enlistments went on in every State and city of the North. Supplies were voted in greater measure than ever before. And at the polls the cause of the Union was vindicated, and the great President Avho bore its weight and guided its destinies was triumphantly chosen anew to press on the dreadful fight, till the enemy laid down his arms, subdued and broken, and the Union was saved, from the Lakes to the Gulf and from sea to sea. Too much had been cast into that tremendous effort to pause until the end was won. Too many lives had been sacrificed, too many homes had been broken, too much of honor and faith and heroism had been staked upon the precious cause to suffer them all to be lost and to withdraw the hand. It was the time to swear anew our allegiance to the nation; to take fresh breath, and sturdily renew the fight. It is thus that we stand to-day. We have not gathered here to disband our forces, to call home our laborers, and bring this movement to a conclusion, just as it begins to gather full momentum and strength. It is in no such mood that we have listened to the story of these years that lie behind us. Rather as we listen, we hear the cry of the workmen now abroad, calling for new recruits; of the work itself, in full tide of progress, inviting reinforcement; of those who have toiled and died, entreating us to see to it that they shall not have toiled in vain; of the lost nations, waiting for the salvation of God; of our Lord himself, renewing the commission still unfulfilled: “ Go, disciple all nations.” 3. The multiplied and urgent calls of all Christian work at home make fo r , rather than against, this fuller commitment to our foreign work. This is so because the hearty and enthusiastic prosecution of the work abroad does not exhaust Christian energy and zeal, but tones them up and adapts them to more efficient service every­ where. This is no fancy or pleasant theory, invented to conceal some awkward truth. It is simple fact, historically true and philosophically sound. It ought to be so; and it is so. It is a difficult question to follow out in detail, and doubtless other causes have operated very directly and powerfully; but how much is the quickened interest with which American Christendom is now studying the whole question of home evangelization in the form of Home Missions, church-building, Sabbath-school work, New WTest Edu­ cation work, work among the Freedmen, Chinese, Indians, and all foreigners resident in our land: how much of all this is due to the evangelistic impulse which the steady prosecution of the work abroad has deepened and intensified in all our individual and social Christian life ? The gospel is cosmopolitan and universal in all its aspects; it knows nothing of a favored land, a peculiar people, or limits to Christian love and service and duty. An American is just as dear to Christ as an African, and no more. Christ seeks the salvation of the German, but that of the Chinaman as truly, and with as strong an impulse of love. In the kingdom of our Lord there is neither Greek nor Jew, circum­ cision nor uncircumcision, barbarian, Scythian, bond nor free. As soon as our hearts have been taught to love Christ, wc love also the whole race of whom he is the Head and Redeemer; and we are borne onward by the very spirit of Christ to pay this debt of love, as much as in us lies, to Americans and Europeans, to Asiatics and Africans, to every soul of man beneath the sun. xxxii The Future Work of the American Board.

The fact, then, that such special emergencies in the home field confront us now and demand such unusual measures of time and thought and gifts, goes to show that the Christian service of our age is to be peculiarly varied and rich; but it does not offer a valid ground for withdrawing from our foreign work or weakening our hold upon it. Nay, it rather adds a fresh and resistless incentive to press on this work with redoubled zeal and enthusiasm. We must save America; we must, without a question, evangelize all these foreign elements that come in upon us, and it is most cheering to note how the Christian heart of the nation is arousing itself to this great task. But we are not to withdraw from every other field of Christian service in our attempts to Christianize America; rather must we summon new powers, and deeper purpose, and larger conse­ cration. It is a grand call that God makes upon our times; never has he so signally set his love on a nation and an age as now on us. We must save America in order to save the world. That is the true reason and order of things. The supreme value of America in the eyes of the Lord is in her relations to the nations which know not God. The fifty-five millions here are as precious as we think them to be. But we must never forget that Christ’s love embraces all the nations of the earth. There are more than sixteen times the whole population of the United States to whom Christ’s salvation has not yet been proclaimed. And our Christian debt includes them all, and includes them all to-day. It will not do to give all our strength to saving America now, with the thought that by-and-by China’s turn will come. At that rate the turn of China will never come. America will need to be saved, just as she needs to be saved now, generation by generation through the long ages to come. If we must put off the work for Africa until America is saved, we shall never begin. But in truth America’s salvation is fast bound up with the salvation of the whole wide world, and it will keep even pace with that vaster enterprise. In order to succeed in what we do for America, and in order to make our work at ho?ne worth the most, the American churches must be fused to a white heat of missionary enthusiasm, must take the whole world upon their hearts and shoulders, and gather sinewy strength, and steadfast resolution, and fiery zeal, and un­ conquerable love, as they strain and lift at the evangelization of all lands and all peoples. Why, since the American Board was organized, what a revival of Home Missionary zeal has swept through our churches ! Nearly all of these Home Societies have been organ­ ized within the seventy-five years we study to-day; and not one of them has suffered the remotest weakening from the foreign missionary zeal of these years; nay, there is not one of them which is not richer in gifts, more fruitful in work, stronger in the hearts of all Christians because of this unceasing effort to preach to them that are afar off also. If we aim most thoroughly to set the Christian heart of the land on fire with the purpose to plant a church and a Sabbath-school and common schools in every town and village over the whole land, we should stir them profoundly with the desire to see Christ preached in every nation and island of the globe. We should bring them all to give conscientiously and generously to plant a Christian life in every human soul. We should set them all to praying that China and Africa may be converted, and converted soon. A church thus ablaze with zeal, trained in giving, instant in prayer and love, could no more be kept back from taking up every missionary interest at home and pressing it forward with resistless zeal, than the tide can be confined to the open sea. In truth, the unwonted breadth of the field of missionary activity in our day, the urgency of the calls that address Christian love on every side, the vast and unparalleled opportunities that greet this generation of disciples, —a ll these are to be reckoned a signal proof of God’s favor toward us, the rich and varied evidence that he intends some notable advance of his kingdom, some rare and signal displays of his redeeming power among the nations in our day. II. We next consider plans and methods of work. Turning, as we do to-day, from a noble history to the still remaining part of the great missionary problem, there The Future Work of the American Board. xxxiii

is a great propriety in stating the purposes and expectations with which we address ourselves to our task. After so long experience, in such diverse fields, amid the unlettered barbarism of the Pacific Islands and Africa, in the midst of such a hoar)’ civilization as that of India and China and Japan, it is obvious that certain main features of missionary policy must be well settled. 1. In the first place, then, and in general, we desire and intend to pursue that part of the foreign missionary enterprise entrusted to us along the lines which have been so thoroughly tested and approved by our experience. While cherishing the confident expectation that methods of missionary work, for a long time to come, will be subject to revision and improvement, we still expect to prosecute our work substantially on the lines already marked out, with such added zeal and energy as may be ours to command. But to go a little more into details : — 2. We do not desire or expect any important change in the general organization and administration either of the Board itself or of the several missions under its care. Long experience seems to show that, in general, missionary work cannot be carried on successfully on an extended scale without some such organization as the American Board. The so-called Faith Missions, and Bishop Taylor’s enterprises in India, Africa, and South America, are possible, it may be, simply because in general missions are con­ ducted on an entirely different basis. The rule that holds elsewhere in human affairs, that method and organization are essential to stability and progress, holds equally in the work of Christian missions. A force of volunteer scouts acting each on his own account, and having no base of supplies, would be of little service in either defensive or offensive warfare. It is the compactly organized army, thoroughly drilled and officered, with its established base of operations, that meets triumphantly the shock of battle. The system of organization in our several missions is equally satisfactory. Each mission is a republic of well-defined powers, administering its own internal affairs, with constant reference to the counsel of the Board, to which it is responsible financially and otherwise. No human organization works absolutely free from friction; and our mis­ sions constitute no exception to the rule. But there is yet to be devised an order of things which could wisely be substituted for that which seventy-five years of thorough testing have so well approved. 3. In the future the evangelistic work must still hold the place of primary importance. The gospel which ran through the Roman world and filled it with a new life and hope, which trained and inspired Mediaeval Europe, which, in our days, has revolutionized the life of the Sandwich Islands and Madagascar, that same gospel is the “ good tid­ ings of great joy ” which we seek to bear to all peoples. The preaching of the gospel must be kept in the foreground in every missionary’s thought, in every missionary movement; nothing else must be allowed to interfere with it or displace it. No differ­ ences of civilization affect this aim ; in Japan and India, just as much as in Africa and Micronesia, salvation from sin through our Lord Jesus Christ is the deepest need, and the ministry of this grace the highest office of Christian love. When the long years of preparation are considered, it is but reasonable to anticipate that conversions in much greater numbers will soon occur in all our principal fields. Reason suggests, and ex­ perience confirms, the expectation that, in the presentation of the gospel to a heathen people, a crisis will be reached, sooner here, later there. We may reasonably expect that the immediate future of our work is to be marked by an accelerated movement of spiritual forces, so that the fruit of much prayer and many toils will be gathered in a day. Such a crisis came in the Sandwich Islands and Madagascar; it seems to have been reached in Japan. This day of quickened activity and large ingathering seems near at hand in several of .our older missions. 4. A great educational work has sprung up in connection with all our older missions, xxxiv The Future Work of the American Board.

helping in many important ways toward the accomplishment of the great end. This work has been specially fostered and developed within the past twenty-five years, and is now well up to the requirements in every field. We expect to see this feature of our work developing and increasing, as the necessities of the several fields require; and we desire to further education just so far as it aids in securing the main result. We hold education in some degree and in certain lines to be an integral part of the process of evangelization ; the gospel cannot maintain its hold through self-propagating instrumen­ talities among any people until the Scriptures are accessible in the vernacular, and the churches are manned with an educated native ministry, and are provided with schools and teachers competent to maintain a succession of trained Christian leaders and to produce the requisite Christian literature. The precise limits to be preserved in this feature of our work are not easily determined, and they are probably not the same in every field. But whatever degree and kind of education, in each and every field, ex­ perience shows to be necessary in order to establish the gospel in permanent form and make it the moulding-power in the life and thoughts of the people, we are pledged to provide; and we expect to see this part of our work keep even step with our growth in other lines. 5. The work of the medical missionary has assumed increased importance during the last two decades of our history; and in many fields, like China and Japan, the physician exerts a Christian influence only second to that of the ordained missionary. Edu­ cated women are finding in this form of professional sendee new and inviting fields of usefulness, and are thus adding greatly to the bulk and force of the Christian in­ fluence exerted by our missions. The conditions of the first proclamation of the gospel are in some measure renewed; and a skilful and sympathetic ministry to the bodies of the sick and infirm in numerous instances opens the heart and conscience to the supreme gift of salvation. This arm of our missionary force we shall increase, as Providence opens the way, until the special demand is substantially met; and we rejoice to note the increasing number of Christian physicians, men and women, who are offering themselves to this noble service. 6. From the beginning of our history we recognize the presence and sympathy of Christian women in every field and in every department of our work abroad. They have furnished some of the most touching instances of consecration and Christian her­ oism in all our annals. And their sisters at home have borne a constant and generous part in gifts and prayers and labors in behalf of the Board through every one of these seventy-five years. The movement which culminated in the organization of our sister Boards in Boston, Chicago, and San Francisco, we recognize as truly Providential; and the results of that movement at home and abroad are our wonder and joy. The pres­ ence of unmarried women in our mission fields has given us a most efficient corps of teachers and Christian workers, has opened the way for the gospel to the homes and hearts of heathen women in a remarkable degree, and has greatly increased and enriched the results of our work in every field. And the reaction of all this effort at home, in families and churches, in Sabbath-schools and mission circles, is most striking and happy. We hope and expect to see this branch of our work increase during the coming years, until the full measure of woman’s opportunity in this blessed work is fully reached ; and we hail the deepening zeal and devotion of these great auxiliaries and their multiplying resources as among the most auspicious signs of the times. III. We now turn to mark the opportunities of our foreign work for the immediate future. We shall not speak one word or lisp one syllable in disparagement of the work that has been done. There is no ground for that. At the same time, it is obvious to us all that a grander work lies immediately before us than any which God has yet permitted us to achieve. The Future Work of the American Board. xxxv

1. Consider the state of things in our older missions, Turkey and India, and in that most successful mission, Japan. Something worthy has indeed been done; grand foundations have been laid; much land has been cleared; the signal blessing of God is on it all. And yet, what single feature of our missionary work approaches anything like completion? Is it our evangelistic work? There are a little over 8,000 communicants connected with our missions in the great Turkish Empire. The churches of our mis­ sions in India have a membership of 4,501 souls; the whole number of Christians in India is reckoned as 113,000. Our mission churches in Japan have gathered nearly 3,000, and in all the missions there are about 8,000. Christian work in these fields is no failure ; but these are only the first drops before the long and copious shower. Is our educational work nearing completion? In all our mission fields, including 100,000,000 souls specially committed to our care, we gather less than 4,000 pupils in all our higher schools for both sexes. Is that all that we expect to do? Is it, in truth, anything more than the barest beginning of the Christian education that is to enlighten and enrich these millions of people ? If what we have already done is all that we meant to do when we went to Turkey, and we must now withdraw our forces from that field, it is a most lame and impotent conclusion. If we must now leave our gospel work in India to itself and withdraw our hand, what a mockery of hopes that we have raised it will be! What a ruthless sacrifice of opportunities for which we have waited and toiled for more than threescore years ! What a dashing of the cup of salvation from the lips of a great and inquiring people ! Whither would the mighty ferment in Japan go on if the sus­ taining, guiding hand of Christian missions were now withdrawn? Would Christianity, in fact, become dominant and pervasive ; or would it be lost in some wild revolution of thought? What folly to have helped bring on this movement if now, at its very crisis, we leave it to its own wild course! How plain it is that we must remain some time longer in all these fields to bring to maturity what is sown, to raise to strength what has just come to light, and to temper all progress with reason and faith and Christian love. Every motive that took us thither still exists to induce us to remain; and other motives, even stronger and more persuasive, have come in to urge us to press on our work until the tide shall turn at last, and the long results of years and precious lives are won. 2. Again, when we consider our own resources and look at the whole wide field that opens to us in foreign lands, the grandeur of the opportunity can scarcely be overstated. Recall, for a moment, the beginning of this Board. Scarcely a missionary society of any name or form was in all the country. Not one single church was thoroughly inter­ ested in this cause. Only a few individuals here and there were known to advocate the movement or to sympathize with its aim. The nation was small and young and poor; all its problems were before it unsolved, and yearly multiplying in number and per­ plexity ; a second war with England to secure the results of the first was just about to open, and commerce and industry were paralyzed. The heathen world was vast and populous, but unknown and distant and inaccessible. The religious needs of the country were great and urgent, more than a match for the wisdom and zeal of the churches of that day. The great West of Ohio and Indiana and the Mississippi valley was opening to view and filling with people, and the problem of taking possession thereof for Christ and for Christian institutions was, for that day, just such a pressing question as confronts us to-day in the New West and on the Pacific slope. Now if in that day, against such odds and out of such weakness, our fathers did well in humble reliance on God’s promises to add the foreign missionary work to all the rest of the heavy burden they bore, what can excuse us for drawing back or even pausing in the wide and successful work which lies before us ? If they did well to face God’s call and attempt the tremendous task, we shall fall immeasurably behind them if we do not lay hold on all the work that grows beneath our eyes with both our hands and all our xxxvi The Future Work of the American Board.

heart, and at each new call from heaven, spring to the task and reap the broad fields of God. Look at the facts. Foreign Missionary Societies are as numerous to-day as are the denominations; every church in the land bears some part in this great enterprise; it is deemed discreditable for a clergyman to be ignorant or indifferent in this cause; missionary magazines and literature abound, and the circle of interested readers enlarges every year. Wealth has accumulated upon us, till we know not where or how to bestow it; numerous as our benevolent societies are, the churches would scarcely feel it, were they to double instantly all their gifts. The youth who are prepared and at liberty to go and carry the gospel abroad, throng our colleges and seminaries in unprecedented numbers. And when we turn abroad to the fields them­ selves, we are overpowered to mark how wide the gates of access are open in every continent and island of the earth. The 1,000,000,000 who are still unevangelized might all hear the gospel within a twelvemonth, if there were voices enough to spread the joyful news. We have sixty-five laborers, all told, in China to-day. So far as opportunity is concerned, ten times as many men and women might be working there. In Africa we have forty laborers. But if we were able to keep up with the openings in that vast continent, four hundred would find room to work and people to evangelize. Of course, there are natural limits to our power and resources, and it is only wisdom to mark and observe these; but up to the fair measure of our abilities and means, there is nothing to restrain us from greatly enlarging our missionary operations in every heathen land. 3. Special attention is likely to gather about our missions in China and Africa in the coming years. Not because a Chinaman or an African is more precious in the sight of the Lord or of his church than other men, but because the work elsewhere is established, while in these populous spaces it is but just begun. There is no movement in our day more interesting or significant than that which draws the eyes of all the nations toward the great Continent of Africa. The discovery and peopling of America four centuries ago are the only events in these later ages which can be compared to it. Then Europe, under the impulse of commerce and political aims, sprang eagerly to the task of making a world out of the Western Continents. And now, under the sway of nobler motives, Europe and America join hands to make a world of Africa. Annexation and colonization and conquest are rapidly giving new and permanent political relations to all parts of the land and to all its peoples. Commercial interests are also awake and alert. Great trading companies already have taken their posts on every unoccupied coast, on nearly every available river- course, and are planting their factories far inland, to reach and develop the unknown resources of this mighty territory. Scientific forces are equally active and energetic. Exploration is going forward most systematically and persistently from many points on the eastern and western and southern shores; great national societies and private corporations are thus engaged in tracing out physical features and accurately locating peoples and cities and towns. The map of Africa is subject to revision every twenty- four hours, and the maps of four years since are mainly useless to-day. Stanley’s great work on the Congo Free State, published simultaneously in England and America and in seven of the principal tongues of continental Europe, is everywhere meeting with enormous sales. Now it ought not to be difficult to find the meaning of these wonderful facts. Why are the thoughts of Christendom moving at the same time along these different lines toward that Dark Land? All this is not accidental. But what is the meaning of this which we behold? What Belgium means, what Germany desires, what England intends, what the nations expect, perhaps we cannot tell. But what the King of nations means we know full well. And what he intends — that is the true meaning of it all. Bismarck holds his policy in his own hands and spins it well. Leopold draws well the thread The Future Work of the American Board. xxxvii

which passes to his control. Stanley guides shrewdly the lines of power that fall to him. But not one of these alone, and not all of these combined, hold the destiny of Africa within their grasp. The thread of fate for this new world proceeds from the mighty throne of God. And his will for Africa is the conversion of her sons and the Christiani­ zation of her social and political life. That is the end to which all these conspiring movements tend. That is why the great powers plan for her empire. That is why com­ merce seeks out her riches and laboriously develops her hidden resources. That is why explorers and traders and scientists are traversing her breadth and trading with her people and building roads to the interior and setting steam and electricity to their diverse errands in all her borders. One and all, they serve his purposes; one and all dumbly, or with articulate speech, they cry : “ Repent! for the kingdom of heaven is at hand.” This is the reason why our missions to Africa are fraught with such peculiar interest, and must of necessity absorb so much of our thoughts and force in the near future. To the Christian regeneration of this great continent we are definitely pledged by our fifty years among the Zulus, by our two young but vigorous missions on the west and east coasts respectively, by our share in the founding of the Congo Free State, and by our leading place among the Christian nations of the earth. A more glorious inheritance, a more arduous and inspiring enterprise, it is impossible to conceive, and history is not likely again to furnish. 4. In Eastern Asia a wholly different but an equally grand and stirring work awaits our hand, and yet further emphasizes the grandeur of our call. China has long drawn to herself the thoughts and desires of the great Christian nations. Her imperial domain, her thronging population, her significant position in the Orient, her wonderful history and civilization, her vast and undeveloped resources, have conspired to place her distinctly before the eye of Europe and America. Commerce discerns the very jewel of the earth’s riches here, if it can only be developed. Political ambition notes the gathering of an industrious, intelligent, capable people, numbering nearly one fourth of the entire human race, in the natural seat of empire to all the Oriental world, and meditates how this prize may be won. Baffled here, defeated there, repulsed now, scorned and hated at times; still the game is eagerly pursued. By diplomacy, by patronage, by intrigue, by war open or disguised, the nations have steadfastly sought to gain a controlling influence in this rich and populous land. And by slow degrees the seclusion of ages has been broken up. Western life and arts have begun to stir the pulses of this people; electricity is entering, steam will follow, and then new industrial arts; until at length, from Siberia to the Indian Sea, from the ocean to the wilds of Turkestan, the leaven of Western faith and thought will sweep over the empire and revolutionize all its life. Now we raise here the same question as before : why is China thus brought into con­ tact with the Christian nations? What is the meaning of all this stir and movement? We know some of the things which England has sought and is still seeking. We know what led France to her late most wanton assaults. We understand what American diplomats have desired. But is that all? Is it indeed any considerable part of the real answer? Think you nothing else is involved in all opium and tribute wars, in all Burlingame and Shanghai treaties, in all this bustle of commerce and eagerness of diplomacy, than the opening up of a great region and many peoples to freer contact with Western life and arts ? I tell you nay. History runs on no such meagre lines ; the ages sweep on to some nobler goal. A richer blessing and a mightier force than Western civilization is wafting its way thither through the slow-moving years and along ■these diverse lines. Jesus Christ is advancing to set up his kingdom there and to plant his salvation in every province and in every heart. And all these movements are the forerunners of his coming, the builders of his highways. England has gone to China on her own errands; but she has also served there the will of the Lord Christ. France has xxxviii Missionary Literature. — A Brief Survey.

thought only of her own selfish interests in all her contact with the Celestials ; but she has all unconsciously hastened the coming of China’s heavenly King. That is the key to all we see, and to much that we see not yet. That is the true destiny of China, toward which with halting steps and reluctant heart she is marching every day. The event of greatest significance for China is, not that she is to be penetrated with railways and tele­ graphs, to have her mines opened, her arts improved, her soil enriched, her peoples truly cultured; oh no! but to feel to her very centre the touch of Jesus Christ, the thrill of Christian life, and the uplifting power of the world to come. The nations have no blessing for China if she do not first have that. Steam and electricity and machinery do not constitute her salvation; the kings and princes of the earth cannot re-create her life; it is he, the gracious Lord of heaven, it is he that carries her destiny in his hand. And it is he who is coming near, by all these ways, to build in China, as he Aas so often built elsewhere, “ new heavens and a new earth wherein dwelleth righteousness.” And thus the high significance of our missions in China becomes apparent at once. In the Christian revolution and rebuilding of China, which are in the definite purpose of our God, Christian missions have an important and indispensable part. More than fifty years we have confronted this problem. In four distinct missions we now attempt its solution. By the silent and resistless force of the Christian life ; by the example and inspiration of the Christian family; by teaching and personal intercourse; by preaching the Word of God in public and private; by a Christian ministry to the sick and the sorrowful; by the printed Scriptures and all Christian literature, — by all these sources of influence we expect to see prejudice at length give way, and indifference yield to desire, and the fire of a new faith rise and spread until the continent is ablaze with light and Christ has set China also in his everlasting crown. What is Paul's joy in the multitudes to whom he bore the gospel, we do not know. What is Augustine’s joy in the sight of Christian England and her glorious history, we cannot tell. What is Judson’s joy in Burma redeemed to the Lord, we may not fathom. But that joy, the very joy of our Lord, is the joy set before us, as to-day from these consecrated heights we look out to the mighty spaces and populations in that great empire which we are to fill with the name and praises of our God. Probably never at any time since our work began have the signs of promise been so great, or the opportunities that confront us so vast and commanding. There lies within our power in the years just before us a service in the building and extension of Christ’s kingdom at home and on every foreign field more august and inspiring than any people of any age have ever been permitted to attempt. In the impulse of grati­ tude for what has been wrought in the years which are reviewed to-day, and in the glow of a fresh devotion to our Lord for his redemptive work in the world, and in the spring of unutterable joy that to us is given the power and opportunity thus to work the works of God in our day, it is ours to bend ourselves to the task with all our hearts, and in the spirit of the fathers advance the work they so well began, until the world's long night of sin shall end and the day of God rise in peace and beauty over all the earth.

MISSIONARY LITERATURE. — A BRIEF SURVEY.

BY REV. E. E. STRONG, EDITOR OF THE “ MISSIONARY HERALD.”

[Presented at the Seventy-fifth Anniversary o f the A . B . C. F . M ., at Boston, October 14 ,18 8 5 .] No 'review of the work accomplished by modern missions, such as is naturally suggested by the coming of the Seventy-fifth Anniversary of the organization of the American Board, would be at all complete without some reference to missionary litera­ ture at home and on mission ground. In the track of every successful movement in Missionary Literature. — A B rief Survey. xxxix

this nineteenth century will be found the printing-press, not only chronicling what has been done, but inciting to renewed efforts and broader enterprises. If the foreign missionary movement had not employed this agency, this fact alone would have been a sure token that the enterprise had not taken deep hold upon the popular heart, and that it lacked the vitality and power which give promise of success. The briefest glance, however, at what has been accomplished by the press at home and abroad in the interests of missions will indicate clearly the great advance made within three quarters of a century in the grand and blessed work which Christ has committed to his church.

MISSIONARY LITERATURE AT HOME. One hundred and forty years ago Jonathan Edwards, in the remarkable narrative of his personal experience, wrote: “ I used to be eager to read public news-letters, mainly for that end, to see if I could not find some news favorable to the interests of religion in the world.” This man of God, with all his searchings, could find little in any American news-letters of his day relating to the progress of Christ's kingdom. Such a thing as a missionary periodical had not been thought of. The first number of The Missionary Magazine, afterward joined with The Panoplist, and subsequently called The Panoplist and Missionary Herald, issued in 1803, contained but a single article that could in any sense be called missionary, and that article related to a religious awakening in the North Parish of Weymouth, Massachusetts. It was ten years after the formation of the American Board before its organ ventured to drop other subjects and become a Herald exclusively of missions. As it was the first magazine of any kind in America, so it continued to be for many years the sole missionary periodical in the country. But there are now published in this land not less than thirty-four period­ icals devoted exclusively to missions. And besides this, it must be remembered that in recent years most of the religious newspapers, as well as many that are purely secular, recognizing the demands of the public, present regularly a column of mission­ ary intelligence. One cannot help thinking what the saintly Edwards would have said, could he have had the privilege of turning from the meagre news-letters of his day to the table of exchanges at our Mission Rooms, finding there not merely numberless religious and secular papers abounding in allusions to missions, but also more than seventy-five strictly missionary magazines which, either weekly, monthly, or quarterly, come to that table. What a thrill of joy he would have felt! Would he not have exclaimed?— These are tokens that Christ has sounded anew in the ears of his people his great commission. They are sure signs that his kingdom is yet to fill the earth.” But, limiting our thought to what has been done by our own Board to provide a missionary literature at home, it may be said that the Missionary Herald has continued to be the chief agency employed for disseminating intelligence and awakening »interest; increasing in size until each annual volume numbers over 500 pages, and increasing in circulation until it probably reaches monthly not less than 75,000 readers. L ife and Light, the organ of the three cooperating Woman’s Boards, has within fourteen years reached a circulation somewhat less than that of the H erald. Provision for the young is made in a special department of the Missionary Herald and also by the Mission Dayspring, published conjointly by the American Board and the Woman’s Boards. The Annual Reports are crowded with information respecting our missions. And besides these, there have been issued from time to time a vast number of copies of leaflets, sketches, sermons, maps, and other literature relating to our work in foreign lands. The demand for such literature is rapidly increasing, and it is the clear duty of our Board to meet this demand with a full supply. Since the Jubilee Meeting of the Board in i860 there have been published Dr. xl Missionary Literature. — A B rief Survey.

Rufus Anderson’s histories of its missions to the Sandwich Islands, to India, and to the Oriental Churches, volumes which a competent authority has said “ will possess the highest value for those intelligent Christians who can be interested in a thoroughly trustworthy narrative, written in transparent English, of some of the most remarkable events in the modern history of Christ’s kingdom.” In “ The Ely Volume: or, the Contributions of our Foreign Missions to Science and Human Well-being,” there has been done for the work of the American Board what no other society has attempted. This volume presents the incidental results of our missionary enterprise, and brings together a mass of evidence to show that, aside from its spiritual fruits, this enterprise is well worth all it costs in its contributions to science and commerce, to geography and philology, to history and education, and the general welfare of the human race. And apart from these direct issues of the Board, we may well remen .ber the many volumes prepared by, or concerning, its missionaries. Not counting their contri­ butions to scientific, literary, and theological magazines, these missionaries, in the use of the facilities at their hand, have given to the English-speaking world no small library of books, some of them of the highest value. “ The Ely Volume” gives the titles of 129 books in our language prepared by, or relating to, missionaries of this Board, and the list might be now much extended. Among these volumes are such standards as Prime’s “ Life of William Goodell,” Thomson’s “ Land and the Book,” Hamlin’s “ Among the Turks,” and that monumental work of S. Wells Williams, “ The Middle Kingdom.” It is not too much to say that the missionary literature connected with the work of the American Board, either directly or as a result, is to be found in every library and in almost every Christian home in our land.

LITERATURE IN MISSION FIELDS.

We turn now for a brief glance at what has been accomplished through the press by the agency of this Board in providing a literature for the peoples to whom we are sending the gospel. When Phineas R. Hunt, who for thirty years was our missionary printer, first in India and afterward in China, was about to die, he lifted up his hands in thanksgiving that “ this grace had been given unto him that he should p rin t among the Gentiles the unsearchable riches of Christ.” The grace to print as well as to preach the gospel has been given richly to many of our missionaries, and the results of their labors are to be found in almost all parts of the world. It is a cheering thought that in a large portion of the great missionary field this form of work, so far as it depends upon foreign missionaries, is already finished. Something more than the key has been found to unlock most of the languages spoken by the one hundred millions of people who are, or should be, specially under our care. Grammars and dictionaries have been prepared; the sacred Scriptures, at least in part, and the beginnings of a Christian literature' have been provided. At its Fiftieth Anniversary the missionaries of the American Board had reduced to writing twenty languages, of which twelve were spoken by Indian tribes of North America, and four in different parts of Africa. To these we may now add six: the Kusaian, the Gilbert Island, the Marshall Island, the Mortlock Island — all of Micronesia; the Koormanji Koordish of Eastern Turkey, and the Umbundu of West Central Africa. Mention may also be made of the fact that our brethren in East Central Africa, and doubtless Mr. Logan on Ruk, have now in hand the materials for adding to this list of languages reduced to writing through the agency of this Board. Professor Christlieb states that between sixty and seventy languages have been reduced to writing by missionaries, while another authority affirms that not less than 180 translations of the Bible, in whole or in part, have been made by the same agency. The number of modern languages in which the Word of God has been printed cannot Missionary Literature.— A Brief Surrey. xli

be given with absolute accuracy, but is not far from 287. Probably not less than 250 of these versions have been prepared since the day the American Board was organized. We give hearty thanks to God as we remember the honorable part borne by mission­ aries connected with this Board, who, alone or with others, have given the Bible to the polyglot races of Turkey, to Arabic, Marathi, and Tamil speaking peoples, to the Chinese and the Japanese, not to refer to more limited tribes of men. Wholly or in part through the labors of Goodell and Schauffler, Smith and Van Dyck, Winslow and Spaulding, Graves, Allen, and Ballantine, Bridgman and Peet, among the dead, and Riggs and Herrick, Blodget and Baldwin, Hazen and Greene, among the living, the Word of God, in an acceptable form, has been issued in languages used by not less than five hundred and eighty millions of human souls. This is more than one half the population of that portion of the globe which seventy-five years ago was almost, if not altogether, without a gleam of gospel light. The value of this preliminary work, in its bearing upon the future of missions, it is impossible to overestimate. Save in Africa, and to a limited extent in the islands of the Pacific, the future missionary will find at his hand the materials for the acquisition of the languages he is to speak, and the Word of God in whole or in part ready for use. What a change is this since those days when Morrison and Bridgman began the study of Chinese, since Grout and Lindley were searching for a key to the mysteries of the Zulu tongue, since Goodell and Riggs commenced their labors for the Armenians and the Turks ! It seems almost like another world than that which confronted the young men who planned and prayed by the haystack at Williamstown. But we can speak of something more than the preparation of grammars and diction­ aries, and of translations of the Scriptures. In three fourths of the twenty-six languages now used by the missionaries of our Board there is already a good beginning of a Christian literature. Books and tracts and Christian newspapers have been pro­ vided. Not more eagerly does a plant turn toward the sun than do souls emerging from the darkness of heathenism seek light and knowledge. The demand is impera­ tive ; it admits of no denial. Among an illiterate people, like the Zulus, there must be something to feed the newly awakened intellect, or both mind and soul will starve. Among people having a literature, like the races of India, something must be offered to take the place of debasing writings steeped in idolatry and pollution. To meet this demand, it was necessary, in the early days, that the missionaries not only translate or otherwise prepare books and tracts, but that they also attend personally to the work of type-setting and printing. Fonts and presses were sent from this country, and the roll of missionaries in the early years of this Board contains a large number of names of those who were simply printers. But, little by little, in most mission lands native artisans have been trained, so that, though the Christian literature in circulation has enormously increased, the printing-establishments owned by the Board have diminished, until at present they number only two. In a few instances individual missionaries, w'ith the aid of friends, have secured small presses and have thus been able both to give employment to native converts and to provide the literature their people specially need. Yet, as a rule, the people to wrhom our missionaries go have been so trained by them, and are now so far advanced in civilization and the arts, and, more than this, are so far Christianized, that it is no longer necessary for our brethren to give time to the details of the printing-office. Thus the mission press at Madras, which, between 1838 and 1864, had issued four hundred and forty-four millions of pages, ceased in the latter year to be a mission enterprise. Similar changes have been made in other missions. Our statistics therefore do not now indicate such extensive operations as formerly in this department. But this is not retrogression. It is the clearest and most hopeful sign of progress toward the result for which this Board is always pressing, namely, the develop­ ment of self-reliance and self-support on the part of native Christians. Though our reports show that the number of pages printed under the care of our missionaries in 1884 xlii Missionary Literature. — A Brief Survey.

was eleven millions less than in the year i860, yet the religious literature of our mission lands has probably within this period increased fourfold. Native enterprise has undertaken this work, and in India and China, and even in Japan, Christian books and tracts and publications of all kinds in the vernacular are issued in large numbers through the agency of men brought forward and trained by missionaries. For all this we thank God and take courage. While at the first glance it may be somewhat disappointing to find that, on our Seventy-fifth Anniversary, the statistical statements formerly given of the work of the press cannot be continued, since the work has to so large a degree passed from our hands, we may yet rejoice over this sure sign that the leaven of the gospel is working in the lands we seek to bless. What at the first we were compelled to give the people is now to a large degree provided by themselves. From one of our stations, where the press is still retained under the editorial supervision of missionaries, we have some figures of much interest and value. The literary work for the four Turkish missions is done at Constantinople, and from this press there went forth the past year 178,650 copies of 59 different publica­ tions, amounting in all to 11,781,400 pages. These were in four languages. The Bulgarian Zornitza, and the Armenian A vedaper, with its kindred Christian news­ papers in Greek and Turkish, are read from the Balkans to the Bosphorus and on to Bagdad, forming, as Dr. Greene has said, “ the chief vehicle through which 50,000 Protestants in Turkey became acquainted with the progress of Christ's kingdom in their own and other lands.” This Turkish Mission press, started at Malta, transferred to Smyrna, and thence to Constantinople, has issued from the beginning, as nearly as can be ascertained, 607 different books and tracts, large and small, of which 3,000,130 copies have been printed, amounting in the aggregate to 385,162,212 pages. If in other missions the presses had remained under the direct care of the agents of the Board, we might have had corresponding figures from India and China and other lands. As it is, we have reports of about 25,000,000 pages issued the past year in all our missions, and from the beginning a total of 1,690,194,403 pages. It is not easy to appreciate the enormous amount of Christian teaching represented by these few figures. In this department the future looks bright and cheering. Our missionaries must still prepare books and tracts, and, to some extent, edit the Christian periodicals, now more than ever a necessity. No less than nineteen such periodicals are at present published within our several missions. But we confidently expect that, as within the past quarter of a century, the mechanical work of the press has been turned over to native helpers, so within the coming twenty-five years the literary labors connected therewith may, in most of our missions, be committed to the same hands. The Christian newspapers published at Constantinople are now employing evangelical Armenians and Bulgarians as editorial assistants. The first Christian newspaper in Japan was issued by our mission in 1876, just nine years ago ; but already there are four other similar periodicals, two of which are wholly, and the others largely, independent of editorial supervision by foreigners. When that first paper was about to be issued, there was much discussion, so the Rev. O. H. Gulick tells us, w'hat should be its title. It was feared that a distinctively Christian name w'ould both offend the govern­ ment and repel subscribers. Hence an ambiguous title was chosen, The Weekly Messenger (Shichi IchiZappo) , thus quietly and for the first time recognizing the Christian week in Japanese literature, but daring to do no more. Yet now a Japanese editor has chief control of that paper, and he has changed its name to The Gospel News, while the native firm which sends out this and much other Christian literature is known all over Japan as the “ Gospel Company.” Our mission in that empire will have little need tc add to the seventeen million pages it has issued, since it was begun. God be praised, that he has permitted the American Board to open in so many lands these fountains of life-giving waters to flow on in the years before us, increasing in

1 The types and presses are not now mission property. Reports of Committees on the Annual Report. xliii

volume as they go! Henceforth our missionaries in foreign lands can give their time and strength more entirely to the direct work of preaching and to the training of Christian preachers and teachers. Native hands will care for the press; native churches will provide their own books and papers. We predict that, by the close of the next quarter of a century, the native press will need little aid from us, save the aid of our prayers. To this end let us pray, now and always, that the issues of this press may be true leaves from the tree of life, and so be for the healing of the nations.

REPORTS OF COMMITTEES ON THE ANNUAL REPORT.

T h e several sections of the Report of the Prudential Committee presented at the Annual Meeting were referred to Committees for consideration, and the reports of these Committees are here given in full. The Committee on the Treasurer’s Report, Hon. S. D. Hástings, Chairman : —

The Committee to whom was referred the report of the Treasurer have given the same a careful examination, and find that it contains a clear and concise statement of the receipts and expenditures of the Board during the past year, and of the present condition of the permanent and special funds now on hand. From an inspection of the books and accounts of the Treasurer; from an investiga­ tion of the manner of transacting the business of the B oard; from a knowledge of the close, careful, and critical monthly oversight of the transactions of the Treasurer’s office by the sub-committee of the Prudential Committee; and from the careful scrutiny of the Auditors, we are fully satisfied that the report of the Treasurer is correct in every particular, and that the financial affairs of the Board are managed upon sound business principles and with the strictest integrity. The Prudential Committee have a sub-committee examining the Treasurer's accounts, supervising expenditures, contracts, and purchases, approving payments, and making temporary investments. This Committee, consisting of Ezra Farnsworth, C. C. Burr, Elbridge Torrey, and William P. Ellison, have faithfully attended to their duties, as their monthly certificates upon the books of the Treasurer fully prove. This Committee presented to the Prudential Committee, on the fifth instant, a report in which, after giving a statement of the present financial condition of the Board, agreeing with the report of the Treasurer, they conclude as follows: — “ Your Committee has examined the certificates of stocks and bonds and other securities, com­ prising the investments of the funds o f the Board; also the bills receivable and temporary invest­ ments, including those of the legacies o f A sa Otis and S . W . Swett, and has found them to agree with the balance sheet and with the books containing detailed statements of the property. The report o f the Auditors — Avery Plumer and Arthur W . Tufts — is clear and explicit. They state that they have examined the books and accounts of the Treasurer, and find them correct. They also state that on examination they find that the Treasurer has in his possession certificates of stocks and bonds, and other securities described in his report as belonging to the several funds of the Board. “ Your Committee have examined a list of these various certificates of stocks, bonds, and other securities, and have compared the price entered upon the books of the Board as their cost, or par value, with the present estimated market value of the same, and are of the opinion that their present aggregate value is considerably in excess of their aggregate cost or par value.” The Committee on the Historical Papers presented from the Prudential Committee, Pres. S. C. Bartlett, d . d . , Chairman: — T h e Committee to whom were referred the four special papers prepared by the Secretaries of the Board, and the Editor of the Missionary Herald respectively, have fully shared in the interest with which these able papers were received by the large and appreciative audiences that heard them. These several documents admirably supplement each other, and together they present a compact and vivid survey of the history, condition, and prospects of this great Christian enterprise, such as could come only from men at the centre of operations and thoroughly conversant with them all. Their scope is so broad, their statements so impressive, and their suggestions so important and so timely, that no brief comments of ours can add to their intrinsic weight. W e would therefore only express the earnest hope that they will be widely circulated and carefully and prayerfully read and pondered by all the members of our churches. Meanwhile we would briefly sum up the impressions produced upon our minds in the following resolutions which we offer for adoption. [These resolutions will be found in full in the Minutes of the Annual Meeting, pp. xv and xvi.] xliv Reports of Committees on the Annual Report.

The Committee on the Report of the Home Department, Rev. Prof. F. W. Fisk, d . d . , Chairman: — Your Committee on the Report of the Home Department think it worthy of grateful notice that only three of the Corporate Members of the Board have passed away during the last year, though among them was one who for many years had done faithful service as a member of the Prudential Committee. W e notice with pleasure the appointment of the Rev. William Kincaid to the office of Secretary of the Middle District, including Connecticut and Ohio, in which his predecessor, Dr. Haydn, had done efficient service. The carefully prepared and full tabular statements of receipts the last year as compared with those of former years, together with an analysis of the donations by Secretaries Humphrey and Kincaid, in their respective districts, seem to your Committee worthy of careful study by the friends of the Board. By these tables it appears that though during the last five years there has been in parts of the field a slight increase in the amount of the donations per church member, yet that sum is still considerably' less than one dollar. It would also seem from these tables that, while the receipts from the Woman’s Boards are yearly increasing, those from the churches are annually dimin­ ishing— a fact that demands the serious attention of our churches. The sailing of the new M orning Star (fully equipped and paid for) to her missionary work among the islands of the Pacific Ocean is a cause of congratulation among the friends of the Board, and we heartily approve of the endeavor to concentrate the interest of “ the many thousand owners of the new vessel among our Sunday-schools and Mission Circles ” upon “ the Micronesian Mission as ‘ The Children’s Morning Star Mission.’ ” Your Committee would call special attention to the “ Two Practical Inquiries” raised by our Secretary in his report: first, “ How shall the supply of missionaries be largely increased? " “ W e need,” we are told, “ immediately an additional force of not less than fifty ordained men with their wives, and fifty single women, in order properly to sustain the work now committed to our trust.” W e learn with alarm that “ during the past year no missionary or assistant missionary, except those reported at the last Annual Meeting as on the outward journey, has entered upon the work in the foreign field.” W ell may the Secretary a sk : “ W here are those men and women, so greatly needed? ” They are where we shall find them in numbers sufficient for our needs if we will only seek them in the way of divine Providence; first, in the consecration of ourselves and our all to the evangelization of the world to Christ, and then in systematic, earnest, persistent, prayerful effort to seek out and set forth on a course of preparation for the gospel ministry and the foreign- missionary service suitable persons for the work. Such prayerful consecration and systematic endeavor on the part of the great body of the membership of our churches would soon bring to us all the missionaries we need. And then would be answered the second question asked by our Secre­ tary : “ How shall the regular systematic donations from churches and individuals be lifted to a permanent advance of not less than twenty-five per cent.? ’’ For, then, this spirit of consecration and this systematic effort in the churches would provide, not only-*ke men but also the means to sustain them in their mission fields, and we should no longer hear that in the donations for the past year, as compared, not only with the preceding year, but with the annual average of the last six years, there has been a “ slight decrease.” A n d when can there be a better time to make this consecration and to enter upon this work than on this Seventy-fifth Anniversary of the existence of our beloved Board, in grateful remembrance of all the way which the Lord our God has led us these many years?

The Committee on the Missions in Africa, Rev. James Powell, d . d . , Chairman: —

These missions are three: the East Central, the W est Central, and the Zulu. The W est Central mission is still young, but into its history has been crowded much of stirring interest. T h e meeting at Columbus a year ago heard the announcement that disaster had suddenly befallen the mission, that the native king had driven out the missionaries, and that they had been compelled to retreat to the coast for safety. Thanks unto God for his protecting power and for the strength with which he endowed his servants. This flight was made without loss of life or serious suffering. But the retreat was only a temporary ■withdrawal, for soon two of the missionaries returned whence they had been driven out, and their return was hailed with great joy and delight by the people. Outside parties, not the people, had been the instigators o f the king’s hostility. Through the good services of the governor-general, the power of the mischief-makers has been broken and protection for the mission­ aries insured. W e commend the missionaries for the heroism displayed in meeting the exigency as they did; and in the severe ordeal through which they passed we cannot but see that this trial of their faith is simply a step in their providential preparation for the great work to which they are called, and an indication that God has brought them into the kingdom for such a day as this. The East Central Mission, which is really a part of the fruitage of the Zulu Mission, has been marked the past year by the exploration, selections of new stations, and the reinforcement of the mission by M r. and Mrs. Reports of Committees on the Annual Report. xlv

Ousley, colored graduates of Fisk University, Nashville ; Mr. Ousley being also a graduate of Oberlin. W e note the possible significance that the lives of these missionaries may bear to the part which colored missionaries, trained in the schools of our denomination at the South, are to play in the future in the evangelization of the Dark Continent. If we are faithful students we shall in due time read what is God’s thought in reference to this question; and when he leads, this Board, if faithful to its history, will follow. W e bear testimony to the fidelity and success with which the pioneer work has so far been prosecuted, and put on record our thanksgiving to God for the cordial favor with which the missionaries have been received by the people. It is only another evidence that the heathen world is ready to receive the gospel in larger measure than the churches furnish the Board with means and men to supply it. The Zulu Mission, which is the oldest and the strongest of the Board’s missions in Africa, — it being fifty years since its establishment,— proposes to join the parent society in a Jubilee celebration this year, and ample preparations have been made already for special services to be held next Decem ber; and as the African pilgrims come together, representing 15 native churches, a living membership of 782, under the care of 9 missionaries, 2 native pastors, and 50 native preachers, and under the leadership of their speakers walk around their Zion, mark her bulwarks, and tell off her towers, the 9 stations and 13 out-stations reaching directly a circle of 7,000 in a population of 75,000; as they point to their theological school with 15 students, to their three boarding schools with 134 pupils, to their 41 common schools with 1,716 pupils; and as they speak of the precious revival that lifted the churches to a higher plane of spiritual life, and appeal to their membership of 118 the past year, we can well imagine their joyful exclamations, and that in some measure their jubilee will be an echo of the jubilee that we, their pilgrim fathers, are now enjoying in Boston. It is a matter worthy of special mention that 6 of the 9 missionaries have served 30 years or more. W e are not surprised to learn that some of them are beginning to feel the infirmities of years and failing health, and that the need of reinforcement at this important mission is urgent and imperative. The call is made for six new mis­ sionaries at once to enter this field and take the banner from the hands of those who soon must let it fall, and carry it forward to the grander triumphs that these long years of faithful service have prepared for the immediate future to witness. Your Committee are impressed with the evidence the reports placed in their hands furnish of the prudence and the wisdom with which these missions in Africa have been managed by the Board. They have nothing whatever to suggest in these respects. Their recommendation is : “ Keep on doing as you have been.” But they do take up this call for the six new missionaries for the Zulu Mission, and send it out as in their belief the call o f the Master himself. T he call is for young and strong men, thoroughly furnished in heart and mind and physical vigor to endure hardness as good soldiers of Jesus Christ. W e believe the men are here. The recruiting- office for distinguished service in Africa is now open. Let the men to whom this call comes receive it, and report at headquarters in the Congregational House for enrollment, and in the name of the Lord to receive their marching orders for Africa.

The Committee on the Missions in the Turkish Empire, Rev. William H. Ward, D .D ., Chairman: —

If the political problem of Turkey is engrossing the interest of the civilized world, no less must its religious problem be our profound concern. Turkey is peopled by races of great physical and intel­ lectual force, and the possibility, nay, the certainty, of a great empire lies in that land. W hat has been there, in that hive of people and states, will surely be again. There is needed only just that religious education which we are giving Turkey, and out of which states are now being bom in European Turkey and shall be born south of the Bosphorus. Within these few weeks we see the attempt made to unite, under one government, Bulgaria and Eastern Roumelia, where our own Board and the Methodist Episcopal Board of Missions have labored, and where the graduates of Robert College are scattered. From this unification we may expect no little good, and it may encourage us to larger work there, while we pray for the continuance of Christian self-government in Bulgaria and in the minor states of European Turkey. W e are glad to find the relation between the missionaries and the Protestant communities of Constantinople considerably improved by the happy results of the commission sent there two years ago. If we cannot have harmony between missionaries and con­ verts, we might as well come home and leave the converts to themselves. On our own side, prudence and a generous haste to seek counsel and admit to confidence will do much to call out responsive trust. Devoted as so many of our missionaries in Constantinople are to literary and other general labor, the evangelistic work which would most bring them into personal fellowship with the native Christians is likely to be, and too long has been, very much neglected. W e earnestly press upon our churches and upon the Board the importance of maintaining in the great capital of the empire an adequate force devoted wholly to organizing and developing churches, and which shall not be turned xlvi Reports of Committees on the Animal Report.

aside from this task by other work, however necessary, at the Constantinople Bible House. Asiatic Turkey has been committed almost entirely, Syria excepted, to the care of the American Board. The honor and responsibility of this mighty trust we cannot feel too deeply. I f we fail in Japan, other agencies will fill up our lack; but if we fail in Turkey, all fails. During the year our mission churches have been somewhat distracted, if not weakened, by the schismatic efforts of Baptist and Disciple preachers. Our thanks are due to our noble sister, the Baptist Missionary Union, for honorably dis­ couraging this invasion. If, instead of coming to our own country and trying to draw them off from our churches, these earnest but mistaken men had gone to Aleppo or Bagdad, — cities not properly occupied, — we could have welcomed them warmly. A s it is, we regret that they have seen it their duty to disturb our Christian churches and make our Christian work more difficult. W e trust that the policy will prevail, however, on the part of our missionaries and pastors to endure patiently, and to emphasize as much as possible the points of agreement rather than of difference with the new-comers, to take no part in any war of sects, but to seek peace and fellowship. The marvelous growth of our churches in Turkey, and the fact that Armenians and Greeks are looking to us to instruct them, impresses upon us now the essential importance o f giving increased attention to the higher education. Robert College has made a self-governed Bulgaria possible. Who will venture to divine what simi­ larly equipped institutions in Aintab, Harpoot, Marsovan, Mardin, and Midyat, with Am erican and native professors working as equals side by side, may not do for the Turkish, Armenian, Arabic, and Syriac-speaking peoples o f A sia Minor and Mesopotamia ? Such institutions, thoroughly evangelistic, seeking the conversion of their pupils, — with their attached theological seminaries and medical schools and hospitals, — teaching the English language, w'hich the people must have, we commend to the beneficences o f those who wish to do much good with their stewardship. Finally, we would urge the friends of the Board not to allow the Prudential Committee to imagine that they are weary of supporting the missions in Turkey and are anxious to throw them off imme­ diately upon their own resources. Beyond doubt, self-support, not the withdrawal of the missionaries, is the object at which we aim. And, without doubt, there are in fact localities which do support their own churches and schools, with little more than the counsel o f the missionaries. W e are looking forward to the time when Cesarea and Marash and Aintab and Harpoot shall strike out in independ­ ence. But for Turkey that time is not near. It must be remembered that there are great fields yet almost untouched. W e are but just beginning even in Smyrna and the field of the seven churches of the Apocalypse. It is the unfaithful men o f our churches that have allowed Aleppo and Mosul, during the period o f our own ineffective occupancy of those important cities, to become the greatest centres of Catholic missions between the Mediterranean Sea and the Chinese coast. There has been great success in the villages about Harpoot, and the Arabic-speaking country and the Syriac-speaking people in the Tur Abdin and along the Tigris are ready for the gospel, and the work for them has been hardly begun. The work of the Board in Turkey, with its tremendous import for one of the future great Christian empires o f the world, calls not for retrenchment, but for efficient enterprise and great enlargement. W e add that great outrages, murders, and robberies, and other impositions have been committed upon our missionaries in Turkey which have never been properly atoned by the Turkish government and for which our own government has never properly sought redress. We wish to express our serious judgment that a much more energetic policy is required — we do not say for the protection of the missionaries, but for the honor of our own country.

The Committee on the Missions in India and Ceylon, Pres. J. H. Seelye, d . d . , Chairman, reported through Rev. Charles W. Park, as follows : —

The Committee to whom was referred that portion of the Prudential Committee’s report which deals with the missions in India finds occasion for gratitude and encouragement in the present condition of our work in the land. Especially are to be noted the following facts : The thorough manner in which the work of founding other institutions of Christianity has been accomplished in Ceylon, as the result of which it is thought that before very long the work there may be entirely committed to the hands of the native churches; the extent to which the principle of self-support has been carried, notably the Maratha Mission of Western India, where the native church as a whole has for several years furnished the entire support of its own pastors; the efficiency o f the educational institutions in all the missions, where high schools and training schools are turning out an annually enlarging force o f educated preachers and teachers, while the effect o f all the schools upon the religious experience of the pupils, as proved by the large number who pass from the schools into the churches, is a fact of equal interest. In the same connection it should be noted that the expenses o f education are very largely met by grants-in-aid from the local governments, which are given only after thorough examina­ tion of the attainments of the pupils by government inspectors. The efficiency of the schools is thus rigidly tested, while the grants received, supplemented by the tuition fees, are already placing some Reports of Committees on the Annual Report. xlvii

of the most advanced schools, notably the Christian College of Ceylon, upon the verge of certain financial independence. The staff of the Maratha Mission, already much weakened by necessary withdrawals from the field of missionaries on furlough in this country, will soon be further depleted for the same reason, and should be at once reinforced. In the judgment o f the Committee, the condition of this mission and of the field it occupies is such as to render a strong occupancy of its strategic points vitally important, while energetic and persistent activity along the lines of operation already laid down render it reasonably certain to yield large and rapid results. The Committee notices with the greater satisfaction the present thriving condition of the missions in the Hindustan, because the country at large is in a most critical state. The signs of the breaking-up of old faiths, o f the rapid disintegration of that twin barrier of caste and custom which for so many ages has withstood, and that successfully, every effort of outside influence to effect a lodgment and to work a change in Hindu character and Hindu life; the expressed conviction of the people that the religion of Jesus Christ is the religion of the India that is to b e ; their eager and pathetic appeals to foreign aid for the overcoming of that inertia which hinders all moral and social reform, the rapid spread of secular education, the influx of ideas, — all these considerations emphasize most strongly the duty which rests upon us to seize the passing moment and to improve to the utmost this golden opportunity in the history of the Indian races.

The Committee on the Missions in China, Rev. Lyman Abbott, d . d . , Chairman: — T o your Committee was referred a letter calling the attention of the Board to the recent murder of inoffensive Chinese by a mob in the far W est, and those portions of the Report of the Prudential Committee referring to the Chinese missions. What is commonly called the Chinese question, we do not propose here to discuss. But the equality of all members of the community before the law, and the sacred duty of the sovereign power to protect them in their rights to life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness, is not a question anywhere on American soil. The usual unity of the human race, that one is our Father, even God, and we are all brethren, is not a question in any Christian assembly. T o deny to a peaceable laborer the right to labor and to enjoy in peace and safety the fruits of his indus­ try is a violation of the rights of labor. T o expel him from the community for no other offence than his nationality is a violation of the rights of humanity. To burn his house about his head and shoot him, unresisting, is a crime against God and man. To leave the perpetrators of such wrongs unsought for and unpunished is a violation of the sacred obligations which sovereignty imposes on those who possess it. Nor are these wrongs which this Board can pass by in silence. For we cannot expect protection for Christian missionaries in China if we suffer Chinese laborers to be murdered with impunity in America. In the name of the Christian people of America, we demand for such Chinese as are upon our shores that on the one hand they be held amenable to the laws and regu­ lations which govern the rest of the community, and on the other that they be protected by the just and equal operation o f those laws in all their rights of property and person. A s to the Hong Kong Mission, the Prudential Committee say: “ Three years’ experience seems to show that Hong Kong is not the place for the centre of any important missionary work, and that the precise object in view at the inception o f the mission is not likely to be realized.” This statement occasions surprise and disappointment. The reasons are not given, and we have not at hand sufficient information to justify an opinion in regard to it. The Committee recognize, with deep gratitude to God, the many encouragements to faith presented by the North China, Foochow, and Shanse Missions. The peculiar difficulties of the language and the stubborn prejudices of an ancient race have only called out the patience and courage of our devoted missionaries. Amid the excitements of war they have gone steadily and calmly on with their medical, educational, and evangelistic labors. The Chinese have learned to discriminate between their American Christian friends and their European enemies, and a wide door is opened for the entrance of the gospel into their hearts. The one supreme need of these missionaries is immediate and adequate reinforcement. The Foochow Mission has, it is true, received a recent accession of strength, but the others are very scantily manned. Several members of the Shanse Mission have been compelled to relinquish their places before having got fairly into harness. But in spite of all such discouragements the year shows a substantial gain at almost every point, and confirms the wisdom of the general policy of the work. The leaven of the gospel is permeating the inert mass with a new life. The voice of God’s providence speaks to us that we go forward. The Committee on the Japan Mission, Rev. A. J. F. Behrends, Chairman : — No condensed statement can reproduce the instructive and hopeful impressions which the papers submitted to us are fitted to produce. W e must content ourselves with referring to the salient points which a careful review makes prominent. The prosperity of the mission continues to be a matter of grateful surprise. Ten new out-stations have been planted; six new churches have been organized; xlviii Reports of Committees on the Annual Report.

the net increase in church membership has been nearly a thousand,— an advance of nearly fifty-four per cent, upon last year, — and the Sunday-schools report an average increase of nearly 500. Yet all this additional work has been done by, and is under the care of, practically the same missionary band, whose ranks sadly need replenishing. It is with profound and painful regret that we learn that no response was elicited by the urgent appeal of last year for new laborers in the most promising of mission fields. The educational work has been prosecuted with vigor and success. The Theological School at Kioto entered its first permanent building last fall, and in June last was graduated the first class of thirteen who had been carried through the full course of eight years. The attendance in all depart­ ments was nearly two hundred, of whom thirty-nine have been baptized since the last report. The printing-presses have done good work in distributing over 3,000,000 pages of Christian literature. The schools for girls and the work among the women have proved to be a growing blessing, and the report calls attention to educational and political changes now impending in this great empire of 35,000,000 souls, which may well provoke us to earnest and importunate prayer in behalf of Japan. Since the last Annual Report the mission in North Japan has been reinforced by a son and a daughter of Dr. H. M. Scudder, who last year presented the report on Japan, who for many years was himself a missionary in India, and who belongs to a family whose name has already become a missionary tradition. The North Japan Mission shows an increase of two out-stations, the organization o f two new churches, and a net increase of eighteen in membership. The field is one of exceptional difficulty, but the laborers are fearless and true, and we look for God's signal blessing upon their heroism and toil. [See page xv of the Minutes for Resolutions.] The Committee on the Missions in the Pacific Islands, Gen. S. C. Armstrong, Chairman: — Your Committee, to whom was referred the report of the work on Micronesia and the North Pacific Institute, note with pleasure the arrival of the new Morning Star upon the scene of her destined work, and trust that this most useful auxiliary in the work among the islands of the Pacific may long con­ tinue in service. It is to be hoped that, with the growth of commerce in the Pacific, other lines of communication may be established with those island groups, and the mission be more frequently heard from. The report from the Gilbert Islands is encouraging, but meagre. Your Committee warmly indorse the recommendation of the Committee of the Hawaiian Board, regarding the enlarge­ ment o f the present force by locating ordained missionaries at Kusaie or Jajuij of the Marshall Islands, Ponape and Ruk of the Caroline Islands, and for a physician at one of these points. The importance of Jaluij as a centre of foreign influence will probably increase in the near future. The work of the training schools in these groups, and the importance of providing Christian textbooks, can hardly be overestimated, and your Committee hope they will be prosecuted as vigorously as pos­ sible, to forestall the evil influences which will grow as these groups increase in commercial impor­ tance. Your Committee especially commend the work of the North Pacific Missionary Institute at Honolulu, under the able management of Charles M. Hyde, d .d . A part of the Committee bear willing testimony, from personal knowledge, to the value and importance of Dr. H yde’s labors in making the Institute a source of help and inspiration to the Hawaiian churches, and in aiding, in directing, and in stimulating Hawaiian missionary work in other parts of the Pacific, and as a power for good in other branches of Christian work in Hawaii. The Caroline Islands have, during the past year, been the cause of a diplomatic dispute between the governments of Germany and Spain. It is now reported that an arrangement has been entered into whereby the somewhat shadowy claims of sovereignty advanced by Spain, and formally repudiated by Germany and England five years since, are now to be practically acknowledged. It is to be regretted that native sovereignty and independ­ ence could not have been respected, and the native chiefs assisted in forming a government which would have protected all the interests involved, as was suggested in an appeal or protest in behalf of these and other groups and islands in the Pacific, made to the Great Powers by the Hawaiian govern­ ment last year. Spain has never done anything to establish government or morality in the Caroline Islands. If such efforts constituted any claim to superior rights, the claims of Am erica and Hawaii would be paramount. Your Committee are glad to learn that the Board have communicated with the Honorable Secretary of State, and have received assurances that the United States government will make earnest efforts to secure, for their missionaries and their work, full freedom and protection in any arrangements that may be made concerning the future government of that group. The Committee on the Missions in Papal Lands, Rev. Wm. P. Fisher, Chairman: — The reports of the missions in Papal Lands show the work o f these missions proceeding slowly, but not without encouragement. The missions in Austria and Spain are each conducted by only one (married) missionary, without the benefit of the counsel and support of fellow-countrymen. One Reports of Committees on the Annual Report. xlix

of these has been obliged to come for a short time to this country, leaving his work in the hands of a capable, though temporary, substitute. They are organizing and superintending the laborers whom they gather from the people, with whom they enjoy relations of agreeable confidence. Of the romance or eclat of foreign missions they can have little and can communicate little to us. In their ostracism and discouragements these missionaries deserve our sympathy and prayers. It is necessary to dis­ criminate between the Roman Catholic Christianity which is in contact and rivalry with Protestantism approximated to it in reforms, intelligence, and genuineness, on the one hand, and on the other an ecclesiasticism, which is perfect only in the organization of its hierarchy and in its supremacy, while destitute of power to reform itself or of reforming influences from without, and inefficient alike against the superstitions of the ignorant or the objections of the inquiring. Our appreciation of the piety which exists in some phases of the Roman communion must not make us indifferent to the needs of a multitude under its nominal influence who do not know the gospel, or to the humble and self- sacrificing servants of Christ who are exhibiting him and the pure life of his people and his ministers where these are misunderstood and misrepresented. Since the assembling of this meeting of the Board the gratifying news has come that the Austrian government has unexpectedly granted the privilege (or right, as we call it) to erect halls for religious worship in any part of Bohemia. The foundation is thus laid for the establishment of free Christian churches in the old Protestant land of Huss. Also, there is the information that the Mount Holyoke of Austria at Krabschitz has been secured to this Board. There are also two missions in Mexico which deserve our special interest and intelligent appreciation. This land upon our own borders is inviting the enterprise of American Christians; an invitation accepted in vigorous practical work by several denominations. The American Board has a mission in Northern Mexico, two stations and two missionaries with their wives. Here, as in Papal Europe, their first converts must be among the lowly, and the enterprise must meet with prejudice and opposition; but the messengers are scattering the W ord of God, which is readily accepted, and sowing the seed of a future harvest. The mission in Western Mexico has at present three men and four women from this country. This mission, established in 1872, has had an unfortunate experience of violence and discouragement. But it is believed that it is now planted on a permanent and satisfactory basis, with a hopeful and promising outlook. The missionaries are commending their faith by patience, purity, and goodwill. There seems to be room enough and need enough in Mexico among the descendants alike of Spaniards and the original Americans, and inducements enough to warrant us in still further promoting the evangelizing instrumentalities. ANNUAL REPORT.

REPORT

OF T H E PRUDENTIAL COMMITTEE.

HOME DEPARTMENT.

NECROLOGY.

T h r e e only of the Corporate Members of the Board have deceased during the past year : J. Russell Bradford, Esq., of Massachusetts, elected in 1870, for thir­ teen years a member of the Prudential Committee; George W. Blagden, d . d . , of Massachusetts, for the last two years of his life of New York, elected in 1871 ; and William S. Curtis, d .d., of Illinois, elected in 1853. To these we add the names of Hon. Frederick T. Frelinghuysen, of New Jersey, elected in 1855, who resigned his membership in 18 59 ; and of Rev. George N. Anthony, of Massa­ chusetts, elected in 1875, who resigned in 1882.

REINFORCEMENTS. During the past year no missionary or assistant missionary, except those reported at the last Annual Meeting as on the outward journey, has entered upon the work in the foreign field. Four missionaries and eleven assistant missionaries are now on their way thither. Their places of designation and names are as follows : — To Western Turkey Mission : Miss Rebecca G. Jillson. To Central Turkey: Harris Graham, m.d., Miss Ellen M. Blakeley, Miss Ella T. Bray. To Eastern Turkey: Rev. James L. Barton, Mrs. Flora E. Barton, Miss Mary L. Daniels. To M a d u ra : Rev. James C. Perkins, Mrs. Charlotte J. Perkins, Miss Mary P. Root. M.D. To North China: Rev. Edwin E. Aiken, Charles P. \Y. Merritt, m .d ., Mrs. Anna C. Merritt. To S h a n se: Rev. James B. Thompson. To Ja p a n : Miss Effie B. Gunnison. The four ordained missionaries represent four Theological Seminaries : Hart­ ford, New Haven, Princeton, and Oberlin. The following missionaries, fifteen in number, after a period of rest in this country, have returned to their fields of labor or are on the w ay: Rev. Henry M. Bridgman, to the Zulu Mission; Rev. "Wesley M. Stover and Mrs. Bertha 4 Home Department.

D. Stover, to West Central Africa; Rev. John W. Baird and Mrs. Ellen R. Baird, to European Turkey; Miss Electa C. Parsons, to Western Turkey; Rev. 0 . P. Allen and Mrs. Caroline R. Allen, to Eastern Turkey; Henry T. Whitney, m .d ., and Mrs. Lurie A. Whitney, to F o o ch o w ; Miss Jennie E. Chapin, to Northern China; John C. Berry, m .d ., Mrs. Maria E. Berry, Miss Eliza Talcott, and Miss Virginia A. Clarkson, to Ja p a n . Seldom, if ever, in the history of the Board has there been a year during which so many missionaries — about one sixth of our entire force — have been obliged, on account of ill health or for other causes, to be away from their fields of labor; while during the same period so small a number of new missionaries has been appointed and sent out. Nor does the prospect for the year to come, as far as it can now be discerned, promise any substantial relief. This is a matter which should enter profoundly into all the deliberations and the intercessions of the present Annual Meeting.

DISTRICT SECRETARIES. At the last Annual Meeting mention was made of the vacancy occasioned by the resignation of Dr. Haydn, who was successor to Dr. Bush, and occupied the office of District Secretary at New York. Soon after the meeting, the atten­ tion of the Committee was directed to Rev. William Kincaid — who had had valuable experience as pastor at Oberlin, Ohio, and at Oswego, New York — as a man eminently fitted for this difficult and important position, and he was invited to assume it. After giving the subject prayerful thought and inquiry, Mr. Kincaid accepted the trust and entered upon his duties the first of last March, not being able, however, to take charge of the office at New York until May i.

THE MIDDLE DISTRICT, INCLUDING CONNECTICUT AND OHIO. In relation to the district he represents, which includes the Middle States, Connecticut, and Ohio, Mr. Kincaid reports as follows : — “ In reviewing the few months of my active connection with the New York office, I find that they have been largely occupied in acquiring familiarity with the work and its possibilities. They have been too, in the main, summer months, during which the regular activity of pastors and churches has been suspended. “ However, most of the Sabbaths have been utilized in behalf of our work, and I have spoken in more than twenty churches, besides representing the Board in two States and one local Association, in four ecclesiastical counsels, at two colleges and seminaries, and at a foreign-missionary conference at Chautauqua. “ Two circulars were issued in July, one addressed to the churches, and the other to the Sabbath-schools, that up to that time had made no contributions during the year to the work of the Board. “ The disseminating from the office of missionary literature has been carefully attended to. “ A delightful part of the work of this office I find to be the greeting of the numerous veteran missionaries who land at this port, returning for rest and Home Department. 5 recuperation, and the helping on their way of new recruits or of missionaries returning to their distant fields. “ The cause in general has been materially promoted by Miss A. P. Halsey, the able representative in New York of the Woman’s Board, whose influence appears in the marked increase in contributions to that Board from the States of New York, New Jersey, and Pennsylvania. “ I submit herewith a tabulated statement of receipts, based on the excellent plan of my predecessor, Dr. Haydn. From this it will appear that the financial depression of the year has affected differently the different States. In Con­ necticut, ‘ the land of steady habits,’ the practice of giving has been maintained, only a few churches suffering their regular collections to go by default. The amounts given, however, have been somewhat reduced, showing a loss of nine per cent. In New York, New Jersey, and Pennsylvania, on the other hand, a much larger number than usual of the churches have given nothing, while those that have given have done fairly well as to amount, New Jersey and Pennsylvania quite holding their own and New York losing only six per cent. The very large percentage of gain in New Jersey is owing to the generous and timely donation of Dr. and Mrs. George B. Cheever, which not only saves the New York district from reporting a loss as compared with last year, but enables us to exhibit a slight gain, amounting throughout the whole district to three per cent. Ohio shows a decided loss both in the number of churches contributing and in the amounts given. “ The enthusiasm awakened among the Sabbath-schools last year by the build­ ing of the new Morning Star, and which resulted in so exceptional a contribu­ tion from that source, we could hardly expect to continuously maintain. How­ ever, the receipts have by no means fallen off to the old standard, and it is believed they will not. It is above all things important that a steady and vital interest in foreign missions be secured in our Sabbath-schools, and the success attained in the Morning Star enterprise suggests the wisdom of concentrating the thought of the children upon some one project that they can easily compre­ hend. The proposed Children’s Morning Star Mission seems admirably adapted for this purpose, and will be vigorously pushed in this district.” R e v . WILLIAM KINCAID’S DISTRICT. STATEM ENT FOR 1884-85.

Giving No. of Contrib­ Non-con­ Giving Giving less than Sunday- Churches. uting. tributing. more than the same as STATES. Donations. W . B. M .* Legacies. Totals. last year. last year. last year. schools. I. 298, 269, 29 176 CONNECTICUT. Year $33,688.76 $5,93i-56 $18,721.73 $27,173.08 $»5.515-13 with 47,656 30 of which 30,489.44 18 264.54 18,379.28 A2,’ 127'9/ , 69,261.23 resident have 50 or Churches giving last year in excess of A loss of A loss of A loss of A loss of A loss of members, of less this, 8 9$- 64#. 2$. 32$. 19#- which 42 members. 30 Churches of 50 or less give $499.50. have 50 or in S. S. give . . . $2,127.97 ) * „ less. 137 Miss’y Bands . 3,714.46 ) $ 5>°42 -43. or i-g of this year’s gifts. This year’s gifts apart from Legacies, — $50,881.95 11. 256, 149» . io 7 $20,071.24 with 32,154 NEW YORK. Year ig-g $4,602.26 $5.714-85 $18,866.87 $ 49.255-22 21 of which 18,834.58 2,240.64 resident have 50 or 6,479.27 30.369-53 57,92402 Churches giving last year in ex-cess of A loss of A loss of A gain of A gain of A gam of members, of less this, 15 6 1$ .

51^- 13%. t. en epartm D Home which 83 members. 21 Churches of 50 or less give $287.94. have 50 or 70 S. S. give . . . $2,240 64 > a, o less. 50 Miss’y Bands . 1,576.89 ) $3,817.53, or 1-7 of this year’s gifts, This ycar’s gifts apart from Legacies, — in . 23 x. 143. . 66 29 $ 27.554-49 with 22,298 45 o f which OHIO. Y“ r:g ^ 4 $8,778.26 $1,984.54 $5,669.67 $1,972.64 $18,405.11 resident have 50 or 6,083.95 884.11 4>I54-11 11,886.26 members, of less Churches giving last year In excess of A loss of A loss of A loss of A I c S o ? A loss of this. g which 80 members. 31*. 555i- 27$. Öl#. 35*- have 50 or 45 Churches of 50 or less give $695.55. less. 68 S. S. give. . . . $884.11 j * g g6 55 Missy Bands . . 928.75 \ ? i>8i2-86j IV. 116 , 6 1, or 1-6 of this year’s gifts. This year’s gifts apart from Legacies,— $ 11,12 2 .17 with 10,408 14 of which $1,057.68 $1,903.65 $319.00 resident have 50 or NEW JERSEY, Year ^ 3-jU $ 5,035-49 $8,315.82 23,660.73 2,700.69 961.40 28,026.38 members, of less PENNSYLVANIA, etc. ” 84-85 703-56 A gain of A loss of A gain of A gain of A gain of which 44 members. Churches giving last year in excess of 37° 5&- 2375«. have 50 or this, 7 33*. less. 14 Churches of 50 or less give $98.85.

or 1-18 of this year’s gifts. This year’s gifts apart from Legacies, — $27,064.98

Year ’83-84 7 573-75 $13,576.04 $32,009.90 901 622 $ 6 . $ 4^.33r-59 $161,491.28 251 79,068.70 5,956.28 31,598.61 50,474.30 167,097.89 A gain of A loss of A loss of A gain of A gain of 17 #. 56*. 1$. 4& 3$-

N o te - T h e average per resident member, excluding legacies, was: in Connecticut, $1.0 7 ; in New York, $0.! in Ohio, $0.50; in New Jersey, Pennsylvania, etc., $2.60. n o Churches of 50 or less members give $1,581.84. The total gain, less the legacies, is 3#. * From August 18, 1884, to August 18, 1885. The total gain, including the legacies, is 3$. Home Department. 7

DISTRICT OF THE INTERIOR.

Dr. S. J. Humphrey, Secretary for the States of the Interior, reports as follows : — “ In reviewing the history of this year there are to be noted as matters of interest: i. A steadily increasing call for literature pertaining to missions and to systematic giving. Among the documents sent out, there have been issued sixty thousand copies of two leaflets entitled A Story of the Bees and For His Sake. 2. A perceptible growth on the part of pastors of a sense of responsibility in preaching on the subject of Foreign Missions. 3. An increasing desire for the aid of those directly connected with the work. The Secretary has been greatly assisted in responding to these calls by returned missionaries, and especially by Rev. ]. K. Greene, d . d . , of Constantinople, who has spent the year on this field, and whose valuable services have been in constant demand. 4. A signifi­ cant gain in the number of those — men and women in various walks of life and with various degrees of capability — who are seriously considering the duty and privilege of personally carrying the message of salvation to the unevangelized in foreign lands.

F i n a n c e s . — A review of the receipts from this district is given in the following tables. They are placed in comparison with those of the preceding y ear: —

Table No. 1.

DONATIONS.

,------1884------, ,------1885------V C h u rc h e s...... $28,013.74 $23,290.81 Sunday-schools, j thr0Ugh A - B. C. F. M • . . . $660.92 $942.98 ( through W . B. M. I ...... 39S-z6 1,056.18 5 1,662.23

f Woman’s Societies...... $33,890.27 W. B. M. I. . . Junior Societies...... 3,290.87 (.Juvenile Societies ...... x,104.61 34,011.27 38,285.75

Total Donations...... $63,081.19 $63,238.79 L e g a c i e s ...... 32,494.79 11,470.06

Total Donations and L e g a c i e s ...... $95,575.98 $74,708.85

N E W “ MORNING STAR.” 1884. 1885. Total. Donations from Su n d ay-sch o o ls...... $6,483.74 $1,174.82 $7,658.56 Donations from Sunday-schools, through W . B. M. I ...... 2,613.30 710.86 3,324.16

T o ta l...... $9,097.04 $1,885.68 $10,982.72

“ MORNING STAR” MISSION. 1885. Donations from Sunday-schools...... $672.06 Donations from Sunday-schools, through W . B. M. I ...... 15.81

Total ...... $687.87

A more detailed statement of the same comparison of receipts with additional particulars appears in Table No. 2. oo

R E V IE W . — 1884. REVIEW.- -188 5 .

1 i

_____

S t a t e s . oe parme t. en rtm a ep D Home “ Morning Star,” includ­

& cd “ “ Morning Star.” all all sources. through Woman’s Boards. ! ing ing receipts from W. B. M. I. bo 1 all all sources. “ “ Morning Star.” through through Woman’s Boards. including receipts from including receipts from W. B. M. I. ing ing receipts from W. B. M. I. Donations from Donations from all sources, except for Number Number of Church Members. Cents Cents per Member. Number of Churches. Number Number of Churches contributing from Number Number of Churches contributing only Donations for “ Morning Star,” includ­ Donations from Donations from all sources, except for Donations Donations for “ Morning Star ” Mission, Number Number of Church Members. Cents per Member. Number of Churches. Number of Churches contributing from Number Number of Churches contributing only Donations Donations for

I n d ia n a ...... 1,848 $508 27 10 5 $ 45-46 1,842 $467.20 25 31 12 3 $ i 3-5i $2.00 M ic h ig a n ...... I 7i533 11,232 64 £ 123 27 1,305-98 $4,325 18,230 11,558.99 62 273 153 33 230.42 95-69 $5,040.52 Illinois...... 23.456 25.230 107 249 173 35 3 ,3H i 9 10,613 24,742 21,810.61 88 241 210 43 396.81 246.07 2,857.91 W is c o n sin ...... 13,220 7.685 58 r94 107 25 1,016.07 1,024 I2.59° 7-773-30 61 195 22 348-95 78.92 173-50 Io w a ...... 15,412 5.754 37 253 124 33 1.145-79 1,771 I7.290 6,674.66 38 250 164 29 297.02 95-35 3.398.13 M in n eso ta...... 7.754 5.105 64 148 71 11 860.81 4,761 8,239 6,715-03 81 142 84 13 252.97 47.82 M isso u ri...... 4,815 3.685 76 73 39 16 404.85 10,000 5,002 3,755-99 75 74 38 10 96.42 29.47 Kansas ...... 7.322 1,027 14 188 48 21 251.62 7,399 1,422.37 19 187 89 31 107.15 52.25 N e b r a s k a ...... 4,042 1,186 29 49 12 400.48 4,548 1,201.74 26 159 66 57-57 29.80 D a k o t a ...... 1,829 623 34 65 16 7 195.89 2,871 7 IO-35 24 n o 41 *8 40.61 9 -5° Colorado...... i , 35i 698 Si 27 15 8 139.90 1,467 973-55 69 28 17 4 44-25 W y o m i n g ...... I76 70 39 4 2 17.50 216 175.00 81 6 i . 00 Utah ...... 17 8 2 207 3

T o ta ls...... 98,936 $63,081 64 1,667 777 200 $ 9.095-54 $3 2,4 9 4 104,643 $63,238.79 60 1,699 991 213 $1,885.68 $687.87 $11,470.06 Home Department. 9 The advance of the work will be more clearly seen by comparing the receipts of this year with the yearly average of the preceding fiv e years, as appears in

Table No. j.

1880-84. 1885.

S t a t e s . Y early Donations Yearly Yearly Average Num­ N umber of from all sources Average Do­ Average per Cents per ber of Church Church except for nations. Member. Member. Members. Members. “ Morning Star.”

I n d i a n a ...... 1,770 $343 19 1,842 $467.20 as M ichigan...... 17.385 9 ,5i 8 54 18,230 11,558.99 62 Illin o is...... Z3.2I3 18,950 81 24,742 21,810.61 88 Wisconsin .... 13,142 5,821 44 12,59° 7,773-3° 61 I o w a ...... 15,833 5.240 33 17,290 6,674.66 38 Minnesota .... 7,160 4,167 58 8,239 6,715.03 81 M is so u ri...... 4,109 2,576 62 5,002 3 ,755-99 75 K a n sa s...... 6.391 625 9 7*399 1,422.37 r 9 Nebraska...... 3,630 863 23 4,548 1,201.74 26 D ak o ta...... 990 458 46 2,871 7i °-35 24 C olorad o...... 1,000 455 45 ‘ ,467 973-55 69 Wyoming .... 131 83 63 216 175.00 81 U t a h ...... 142 3 2 207

Yearly Average . . 94,897 $49,102 51 104,643 $63,238.79 60 L e g a c ie s ...... 10,158 11,470.06

T o ta l...... $59,260 $74,708.85

An analysis of the donations showing the sources from which they come and the proportionate part from each, is detailed in

Table No. 4.

ANALYSIS OF DONATIONS. — I 885.

Donations kt from Donations Donations - ü S Sunday- t a t e s from from Total. ¿S'S S . schools and Churches. W. B. M. I. Juvenile Sunday- nations nations from Societies. lié W. B. M. I. Pu, Per cent. Do­ I I Per cent. Do- 1 schools.

Indiana...... $169.12 $298.08 $467.20 40 60 M ic h ig a n ...... 5 ,247-58 $451.07 5,860.34 11,558.99 46 51 Illin o is ...... 6,986.37 834-23 13,990.01 21,810.61 32 64 W is c o n s in ...... 2,940.18 3° 6-35 4^26.77 7,773*3° 37 59 I o w a ...... 2,746.63 3° 5-75 3,622.28 6,674.76 42 54 M in n e s o ta ...... 2,466.59 306.43 3,942.01 6,715-03 37 58 M is s o u r i...... 1,658.99 7.40 2,089.60 3,755-99 44 55 K a n s a s ...... 423-98 224.25 774-14 1,422.37 30 N eb ra sk a ...... 364.17 62.II 775-46 1,201.74 30 64 D a k o ta ...... 49.83 521.20 I3g‘3S 7IO-35 19 74 C o lo ra d o ...... 148.08 138.07 862.40 1,148.55 13 W yom in g...... 25.00 150.00 175.00 85 , , I U t a h ...... • „ „ H 1 nations from

T o t a l...... $23,290.81 $2,766.84 $37,181.14 $63,238.79 36 5 59 IO Home Department.

NOTES.

“ i. It will be seen by these tables that, notwithstanding the stringency in business circles, the receipts from donations in this district slightly exceed those of last year. “ 2. The income from legacies, in the aggregate steadily growing but always variable, although much less than last year, which was exceptionally large, is somewhat in advance of the average for the past five years. “ 3. A noteworthy and very pleasant fact is the increase in the donations of the children. Adding to the gifts for the general school work those for the Morning Star Mission and those from the Juvenile Mission Societies, we have $3,454.71, a great increase on any preceding year. This, of course, does not include the contributions for the new Morning Star, which amounted to #1,885.68, and which, added to the sum received last year, makes $10,982.72 from this district for the children’s ship. Nothing can be more hopeful than this. It is confidently expected that there will be still farther increase, as many schools are yet to be led into the large liberty of cheerful givers for them that are afar off; many, indeed, for them that are nigh. “ 4. A farther gratifying fact is the marked gain in the number of churches contributing— 991 this year, as against 777 the preceding year. It is to be remembered, however, that of this number 213 contributed only through the Woman's Board, and 61 only through the Sunday-schools, leaving a little more than 700 which gave directly through the Church organization itself. But this is a gain of more than 200, and is a token full of cheer. “ 5. A more serious point to be noted is the steadily increasing disparity between the amount contributed by the churches, as such, and that coming through the Woman’s Board. In the yearly average for the preceding five years these amounts were equal. Last year the receipts of the Woman’s Board exceeded those from the churches by about $6,000. This year the excess is nearly $15,000 ! The gravity of this fact is increased in that this last disparity comes in part through a falling-off of the churches of nearly $5,000 from their own record of the preceding year, while the gain of the Woman’s Board is not far from the amount the churches have lost. When this is coupled with the farther fact that 213 churches — thirteen more than last year — contributed only through the Woman’s Board, it emphasizes the inquiry raised in former reports, whether there is not a tendency among the churches to suffer the foreign-missionary work to pass largely into the hands of Woman’s Mis­ sionary Societies, thus losing out of the church, in its own proper church-life, the great blessing which comes through a thorough culture in the work of giving the gospel to all the world. “ The reason for Woman’s Missionary Societies is clear. It is woman’s work for women, a work that has not been done, and will not be, so well in any other way, so far as now appears, as by the active and organized help of the Christian sisterhood. They have accepted the trust and are sustaining its responsibilities with a self-sacrificing zeal, a wisdom, and a success that merits and receives the heartiest approbation. But it was never intended by them or by the Board that their work should be other than, in a large degree, additional and supple­ Home Department. II

mentary, neither diverting nor diminishing the ordinary flow of funds to the Board from churches and individuals. It was rather to be an endeavor from woman’s resources and sacrifices to open a new channel, or at least to enlarge one already in use, whereby the capacity of the Board to reach the women of unevangelized lands should be by so much increased. Whether the large and growing disparity between the receipts from church contributions and those from the Woman’s Board arises through a departure from this original intent, or through other causes, is a question submitted to the serious consideration of pastors and of the various Woman’s Missionary Societies.”

PUBLICATIONS.

Our monthly magazine, the Missionary Herald, has never been more thor­ oughly filled with valuable articles, including not only intelligence from our own missionary fields, but also news from the wide world, than during the past year. Its illustrated “ Young People’s Department” has become so popular that, in response to repeated requests from several quarters, a volume has been prepared containing the illustrated articles which have appeared under this department during the past six years, which it is believed will be a permanent addition to our missionary literature, of unusual interest to both young and old. The Mission Dayspring, under the care of the American Board and the Woman’s Boards, is becoming well established as both interesting and instructive to the children. Life and Light, the monthly of the Woman’s Boards, has been doing its efficient service in diffusing information and awakening new enthusiasm in the special department of woman’s work for woman. Several leaflets, as usual, have been prepared and circulated to meet special calls for fresh and familiar tidings from the front. The demand for our missionary maps, for the concise sketches of our mission­ ary fields, and for the Sunday-school concert missionary exercises is continuous from all parts of the land and is extending outside of our own constituency. Whenever the day shall come in which the pastors of churches and superintend­ ents of Sunday-schools shall see to it at the beginning of each year that oppor­ tunity is given in some systematic and efficient way for every family to become well supplied with interesting missionary literature such as is furnished through these monthly periodicals, adapted to both old and young, there will be no lack of generous givers into our missionary treasuries and no lack of men and women for our waiting harvest fields.

THE NEW “ MORNING STAR.”

It was stated in the last Annual Report that a new missionary vessel for our work among the Micronesian Islands — the fourth Morning Star— had been built, with auxiliary steam-power, and was then loading at Boston for Honolulu. She left Boston November 5, 1884, and reached Honolulu safely March 15, 1885, after a voyage of 130 days, having, by the help of her auxiliary steam, passed through the Straits of Magellan, instead of being obliged to double Cape Horn, as the previous vessels have been compelled to do. 12 Home Department.

The cost of her construction and complete equipment, including all expenses connected with the raising of the funds, was $44,286.64. The amount specially contributed for this purpose, mainly by the children and youth of the Sunday- schools, including a considerable number from missionary stations, during the past two financial years, has reached the aggregate of $47,348.91 .1 There remains, therefore, a balance of over $3,000 ($3,062.27) to be added to the insurance received from the former vessel wrecked on Kusaie ($12,816.80), making a total of nearly $16,000 ($15,879.07), which is reserved as a fund to meet future necessary repairs upon the vessel. The ten largest contributions from Sunday-schools for the building of the new Morning Star were from the following : —

1. Brooklyn, N. Y., Central Cong’l ...... $558 .35 2. Cincinnati, O., Vine-st. C h u rc h ...... 348.50 3. Chicago, 111., Union P a r k ...... 317.50 4. Brooklyn, N. Y., Tompkins-ave. Church ...... 270.00 5. Newton, Mass., E lio t ...... 255-25 6. Chicago, 111., First Cong’l ...... 255.00 7. Boston, Mass., Park-st...... 252-75 8. Northampton, Mass., First Cong’l C h u rch ...... 234.29 9. Oakland, Cal., First Cong’l ...... 206.25 10. Cleveland, O., First Cong’l C h u r c h ...... I65-25 One individual in N ew York also contributed, as a thank-offering, $500, and one individual in Honolulu, $100. The New England States contributed $25,631.36. The States west of New England, $19,98949. Canada and Foreign Lands, §1,728.05.

The many thousand owners of the new vessel among our Sunday-schools and Mission Circles have been invited to adopt the Micronesia Mission as “ The Children's Morning Star Mission,” and to meet its annual expenses, as far as these may not be otherwise provided for. They have accepted the trust in part, and it is our hope that in this way the interest of children and youth in the enlarging missionary work among the Pacific Islands will be sustained and increased during coming years.

AID FROM PUBLISHING SOCIETIES. ,

Rev. E. W. Gilman, d . d . , Corresponding Secretary of the American Bible Society, reports as follows: — “ We have sent directly to your treasury during the past year for expenditure in Bible-work in Spain, Austria, and Ceylon, $3,800, besides $368.80 received as proceeds of sales in those countries and put again at the disposal of the missionaries. We have also sent out 2,100 volumes of Scripture for distribution in Micronesia. This does not include the New Testament for the Marshall Islands, which has just been printed under the supervision of Dr. Pease, and will be in readiness for the next voyage of the Morning Star. About 1,400 volumes have been sent directly from the Bible House to your missionaries in Mexico, India, and Africa. In other fields the agents of the Bible Society are working side by side with the missionaries of your Board in unbroken harmony.”

Rev. J. M. Stevenson, d .d ., Corresponding Secretary of t h e American Tract Society, writes as follows : —

1 Not including an additional $214 ,22 received by W . B. M ., not yet paid into the treasury of A . B. C. F. M . Home Department. 13 “ The American Tract Society has been enabled to cooperate with the missions and missionaries of the American Board, by grants, for the year from March 3 1, 1884, to March 3r, 1885, as follows: In publications printed at the Tract House, $233.95 ! electrotypes for the illustration of periodicals, tracts, and books, $357.50; in cash to aid in printing the common salvation in foreign languages, $3,625.00; in sum, $4,266.08. “ Part of this cash was sent to Tract Committees in China and Japan, which committees are but partly composed of missionaries of the American Board.” The grateful acknowledgments of the American Board are also due to the Religious Tract Society of London, the Turkish Missions Aid Society, and the British and Foreign Bible Society, from which grants have been received by several of our missions during the past year, amounting probably in all to not less than 1,000.

RECEIPTS AND EXPENDITURES.

There have been received during the year — from churches, individuals, and Sunday-schools — $241,914.63, a decrease of $1,919.70. (From Sunday-schools, for the Mission School Enterprise, $5,954.53; for the Morning Star Mission, $3,443.53.) From the four Woman’s Boards, $145,098.52, a decrease of $3,932.14 (W. B. M., $101,488.07 ; 1 W. B. M. I., $40,132.85 ; W. B. M. P., $3,327.60; Hawaiian W. B., $ 15 0 ) ; a total of donations of $387,013.15, a decrease of $5,851.84. From legacies there have been received $121,478.46, an increase of $5,910.52, and from the income of the general permanent fund, $9,102.72, an increase of $63.25, making the total receipts of the year from donations and ordinary legacies, $517,593.33, an increase over the receipts of the preceding year, from the same sources, of $120.93. From the generous bequest of Samuel W. Swett, of Jamaica Plain, Mass., of which the Massachusetts Home Missionary Society and the American Board were residuary legatees, and of which mention was made in the last Annual Report, there has been paid into the treasury, by the executors of the estate, the goodly sum of $462,583,2 which has been “ set apart,” in accordance with the instructions of the Board at the last Annual Meeting, “ to meet special calls for a brief period of years in the evangelistic and educational departments of our missionary work abroad, emphasis being placed upon the present emergency in Japan, and upon the great opportunity in China.” The amount appropriated from this bequest for the purposes named during the past year has been $52,992.17, of which sum $28,791.78 were for special calls in Japan, and $6,500 for similar calls in China. From the Otis bequest, set apart by the Board for new missions, the sum of $43,884.55 has been appropriated for our work in West Central and East Central Africa, in Shanse, Northern Japan, and Northern Mexico. These amounts, added to what has been already reported as received from ordinary sources, with the balance in the treasury at the beginning of the year, $863.98, have placed at the disposal of the Committee the sum of $615,334.03.

1 O f this amount, $11,932.48 were from legacies. - A further sum of a few thousand dollars is expected in the final settlement of the estate. 14 Home Department. The expenditures of the year have amounted to $6 13,494.83, leaving a balance in the treasury of $1,839.20. It should also be stated that to the amount reported last year as contributed mainly by the children and youth of our Sunday-schools for the building of the new Morning Star, namely, $35,986.42, there has been received for the same purpose and from the same source the sum of $11,362.49 , which, added to the receipts already reported, makes the grand total of receipts for the year $625,- 832.54, an increase over those of the preceding year of $37,479.04. The general permanent fund has also received from the bequest of Miss Sarah Baxter, of Newton, Mass., the additional sum of $8,500, so that this fund now amounts to $172,047.32. This fund includes all moneys contributed by donors with instructions that the principal shall be invested and the annual income alone expended for missionary work. It suggests an admirable method through which the laudable desire of being identified with the direct missionary work year by year, as long as the American Board shall continue, may be gratified. By it Mrs. Mary Norris, of Salem, has been speaking in all the lands and lan­ guages represented by the work of the American Board during the more than seventy years since her bequest became available, and so will it abide for another seventy years, it may be seventy times seventy, to come. Next to an immediate gift into the treasury for immediate use, can any one suggest a more profitable permanent investment than this ?

TWO PRACTICAL INQUIRIES. The review of the Home Department for the past year suggests two practical inquiries: — 1. How shall the supply of missionaries be largely increased? We need immediately an additional force of not less than fifty ordained men with their wives, and fifty single women, in order properly to sustain the work now com­ mitted to our trust. Where are these men and women ? 2. How shall the regular systematic donations from churches and individuals be lifted to a permanent advance of not less than twenty-five per cent. ? For the past year, as compared not only with the preceding year, but with the annual average of the last six years, there has been a slight decrease, although the number of our churches and church members, as well as of our Sunday-schools and Sunday-school scholars, has considerably increased. This retrograde move­ ment it becomes us immediately to take note of and, if possible, arrest.

It may be appropriate in this connection to record that last year the New England States, as a whole, fell below their average contributions for the pre­ ceding six years, about nine per cent.; New Hampshire, four per cent. ; Massa­ chusetts, seven per cent.; Maine, Vermont, and Connecticut, each ten per cent., and Rhode Island, by some curious mistake, which will probably be rectified another year, twenty-five per cent. New York shared in the decrease to the amount of twelve per cent.: New Jersey contributed one special donation o f over $19,000, which shot up her contributions for the year like a sharp mountain peak, — which may perhaps be appropriately called “ The Cheever Pinnacle,” 1

1 A donation was received from Rev. George B. Cheever, d .d ., and wife of Englewood, N. J., of $19,333.75. Home Department. 15 — about 900 per cent. Ohio somehow fell back twenty-five per cent., and our beloved and enterprising Illinois, in some inexplicable manner, dropped down forty per cent. But Wisconsin and Kansas advanced five per cent., Minnesota, ten, Michigan, seventeen, Iowa, twenty-two, Missouri, fifty, and California, one hundred. There was quite a falling-off in the contributions from Canada, as well as from foreign lands, so that, taking a survey of the whole, we are obliged to report that the regular donations from the churches for the last year, as compared with the annual average of the preceding six years, experienced, instead of a handsome advance, a slight diminution of about one half of one per cent. For the coming year we need from the regular contributions of the churches and Sunday-schools — in addition to what may be reasonably expected from the Woman’s Boards, which will amount, we hope, to not less than $ 150,000, all of which will be specially appropriated for specific requests for woman’s work — at least $300,000, about $60,000 more than was received from these sources last year, an advance of about twenty-five per cent. It is the practical question, especially for pastors and officers of churches, and for superintendents and teachers of Sunday-schools, How shall this advance in the regular annual contri­ butions to the American Board be attained and become permanent for the years before us? Could we be assured of this advance, attending and following, at the close of our seventy-five years of history, a special spontaneous thank-offering of $100,000, we should be prepared to move forward upon our new year with strong faith and cheerful courage. So it may be, if God w ill!

SUPPLEMENTARY NOTE. Since the adoption of this report by the Prudential Committee, a valuable gift has been presented to the American Board, and placed under the care of the Home Department, which deserves immediate and grateful mention. It is the original table around which sat the entire American Board as represented at its first meeting, held September 5, 1810, at Farmington, Connecticut, in the parlor of the pastor of the church— five men, in addition to the pastor, who was present, not merely as a spectator, but, as he himself records fifty years after, “ invited to take part in the deliberations.” It is not merely loaned to us for the occasion, but is generously presented as the gift of the children of that then youthful pastor, Rev. Noah Porter, whose venerable father, Dea. Noah Porter, seventy-four years of age, was so moved by the missionary opportunity of the hour, upon which the church at that time was entering, that subsequently to the meeting he presented to the Board its first munificent gift of $500, about one fifth of his entire estate. The children who present this gift are the surviving daughters and the son who bears his father’s and his grandfather’s name, known to us of the present genera­ tion as the President of Yale College, and present with us at this meeting as one of the Corporate Members of this Board. It seemed appropriate to the Pru­ dential Committee that this table — around which on that memorable day sat those five men, His Excellency Governor John Treadwell, of Farmington, at that time sixty-five years of age ; Dr. Samuel Spring, of Newburyport, sixty-four; Dr. Joseph Lyman, of Hatfield, sixty-one ; Dr. Calvin Chapin, of Rocky Hill, Wethers­ field, forty-six, and Dr. Samuel Worcester, of Salem, forty — should be placed 16 Home Department. upon this platform, to be used as the table by the side of which, upon this Seventy- fifth Anniversary, should sit our present venerated and beloved presiding officer, who has already dignified this position for twenty-eight years, Mark Hopkins. In relation to these five men, Dr. Porter, reviewing the event fifty years later, writes : “ When Governor Treadwell was made the first President of the Board of Commissioners for Foreign Missions, he had long been prized by the ministers of New England as one of the ablest theological writers in this country; and had for many years been the chairman of the Trustees of the Missionary Society of Connecticut, to which office he had been chosen at the first organization of that Board. Dr. Spring, of Newburyport, also was eminently a public man, and was honorably connected with some of the most important philanthropic, edu­ cational, and evangelical enterprises of the day. Dr. Lyman, of Hatfield, was one of the earliest friends and patrons of the Hampshire Missionary Society, and in 18 12 was chosen its President, and on the death of Dr. Spring, in 1819, he was chosen Vice-president of the American Board, and in 1823 its President. Dr. Worcester, of Salem, stood eminent among the ablest ministers of New England as a preacher and an author, an expounder of the Christian faith, and its defender; and as the Corresponding Secretary of the American Board from its institution till his death, in 18 2 1, he contributed probably more than any other man to the high and honorable character which it has sustained. Dr. Chapin, of Rocky Hill, was distinguished for exactness, enterprise, and humor, and a constant interest in all Christian and benevolent enterprises. He continued the Recording Secretary of the Board from its organization till near the close of his useful life ” — thirty-two years. These were the six men who at that first memorable meeting seventy-five years ago gathered around this table. H ere is th e table, — not made of light and flimsy material which could be easily moved from its place, but, as any one will ascertain by endeavoring to lift it, of genuine mahogany, — compact and solid, like the faith and the work we represent. We shall care for it, and com­ mit it to those who shall follow us, as one of our sacred trusts, — what may be appropriately called “ The Original American Board.” Zulu Mission. 17

THE MISSIONS.

ZULU MISSION.

UMZUMBE. — Henry M. Bridgman, Missionary. One church; one native preacher; three native teachers. UMTWALUMI. — George A. Wilder, Missionary; Mrs. Alice C. Wilder, Mrs. Abbie T. Wilder^ Three out-stations; two churches; ten native preachers; eight native teachers; thirty other helpers. A D A M S (Amanzimtote). — William Ireland, Elijah Robbins, Herbert D . Goodenough, Missionaries; Mrs. R. O. Ireland, Mrs. Addie B. Robbins, Mrs. Caroline L. Goodenough, Miss Laura A. Day. Two out-stations; three churches; eleven native preachers ; eight native teachers. LlND LEY (Inanda). — S. C. Pixley, Missionary; Mrs. Louisa Pixley, Mrs. M. K. Edwards, Miss Fidelia Phelps. Five out-stations; one church; eight native preachers; seven native teachers; one other helper. UMSUNDUZI. — Josiah Tyler, Missionary; Mrs. Susan W. Tyler. One out-station; two churches; three native preachers; four native teachersf three other helpers. GROUTVILLE ( Umvoti).— David Rood, Missionary; Mrs. Alzina V. Rood, Miss Gertrude R. Hance. One out-station; two churches; six native preachers; eight native teachers; four other helpers.

M a p u m u l o . — Charles W . Holbrook, Missionary; Mrs. Sarah E. Holbrook. One out-station; two churches; four native preachers; two native teachers; five other helpers. ITAFAMASI. — Benjamin Hawes, Native Pastor. One church; three native preachers; one native teacher.

E m p u s i i e m . — Unqunba, Native Pastor. One church ; four native preachers; one native teacher. In this country. — Charles W. Kilbon, Missionary; Mrs. Mary B. Kilbon, Mrs. Laura B. Bridgman, Miss Martha E. Price. Total. — Nine stations; 13 out-stations; 9 missionaries; 17 female assistant missionaries; 2 native pastors; 50 native preachers; 42 teachers ; 43 other helpers; 15 churches; 782 members, 118 received by profession ; 1 theological school: 15 pupils; 1 boys'boarding school: 46 pupils; 2 girls’ boarding schools : 88 pupils; 41 common schools : 1,716 pupils.

This mission now celebrates its first jubilee, and will mark the occasion by special services the coming December, preparations for which have already been made. The progress in this mission has been slowly and laboriously won; the problem it attempts presents peculiar difficulties; the development of unlettered nature-peoples, destitute of industrial arts, up to a condition of self-support and intelligent self-direction in education, religion, and social life, is of necessity difficult, and requires a long course of time. We have every occasion to con­ gratulate ourselves upon what has been accomplished ; the faithfulness of our missionaries and their success have been all that we could reasonably expect, and the sum total of these fifty years in Natal gives ample cause for thanksgiving and rising hope. Fifteen native churches with a total membership of 762, of whom 118 have been received the past year, served by a native force of 137 pastors, preachers, and teachers, gathering a circle of nearly 7.000 adherents amid a population of 75,000, and making steady gains toward self-support; furnished with a theological school, and three high schools for girls and boys, and now having the Bible iS Zulu Mission.

accessible in their own tongue, — this is a record of progress and promise whicl: may well encourage us to redoubled efforts for the full evangelization of this people. The missionary force is very much reduced, and the need of reinforcement with young and vigorous men, which has been great for some years, has this yeai become urgent and critical. Some of the missionaries are beginning to feel the infirmities of years and failing health. Six out of nine have already served each thirty years or longer. Mr. and Mrs. Bridgman have come home to arrange for the residence of the family in this country, and for the education of the children \ Mr. and Mrs. Richards have been dismissed to join the East Central African Mission, to which they were originally designated; Mr. and Mrs. Kilbon have been compelled to take leave of absence by reason of Mrs. Kilbon’s seriously im­ paired health ; and Miss Price, after eleven years’ constant service, has come home for a year’s rest and recuperation. Miss Phelps joined the mission last autumn, and has already begun her duties in the Inanda Seminary. Mrs. Goodenough’s continued weakness has deprived the mission of her valued services, and has drawn somewhat upon her husband’s time and strength. Miss Gilson has been appointed by the mission to teach in the Umzumbe Home in place of Miss Pinkerton. By reason of the inadequacy of the force for some years, several stations not yet prepared for independence are without requisite missionary supervision, and in consequence the gains of past years are imperiled, while progress at present is quite impossible. The mission makes the definite and urgent call for six new missionaries, to replace those who have already been withdrawn or soon must go, and to provide for the work which is now in hand. The past year has witnessed a gracious religious quickening, shared in by all the stations, and resulting in additions to the churches beyond those of any previous year. No special efforts have been made, but these results have come from the faithful use of wonted means. The temperance revival, noted in the last report, has continued, and many lay preachers have given up the habit of beer-drinking. The subject of temperance is taken up regularly as a part of Christian living, and the result is a deeper conviction and the more general adhesion of all church members to the Blue- Ribbon Army. In several churches all the members are pledged to total abstinence, and this result is being rapidly reached in other churches. Sabbath-schools are maintained at all preaching-stations, and at many points besides, and prove to be almost as useful and indispensable as the preaching- service itself. The positive Christian influence of these schools is well shown by the fact that the greater number of recent additions to the churches are from the regular pupils in those Sabbath-schools.

EDUCATION. Every station has its station school, numbering from thirty-five to one hundred pupils, supported by funds granted by the Colonial government. An incentive to good work in teaching has lately been added by the appointment of an “ Inspector of Native Schools,” whose approval is necessary in order to the continuance of the government grant. These schools are all under the Zulu Mission. 19 instruction of native teachers, but enjoy also the direct supervision of the missionaries. Other schools in villages or kraals at a distance from the stations are often started by the missionaries to serve also as out-stations, for which the grant is gained as soon as they are well established. These schools are preach- ing-stations and centres of religious work, and many who come into the churches are found to have been first awakened while in these schools. As many as five or six of these schools are sometimes connected with a single station, and there is scarcely any limit to the number that might be maintained if there were sufficient means to start them. The Umzumbe Home for kraal girls has been more than full the past year, and has accomplished a grand work. Its quarters are so small and crowded as to cause real danger of an epidemic, and thus the permanent breaking-up of the school. Miss Gilson, who came from similar work in Cape Colony to help Miss Welch in this school, has already won a good name ; and with proper enlarge­ ment of buildings, this Home promises to do better and higher work year by year. Inanda Seminary, the higher school for girls in the mission, has gathered sixty different pupils during the year, with an average attendance of forty-one. Six girls, whose studies have been pursued from two and a half to five years, completed the course, and three of them are now engaged in teaching. The religious life of the school has been deep and earnest, and several of its mem­ bers have united with the church. The school was temporarily suspended in the spring by the breaking-out of an epidemic, and the excitement of old supersti­ tions among the pupils; but it is not thought this will seriously interfere with its continued prosperity. Miss Phelps, after acquiring the language, has begun work with excellent promise of success. Amanzimtote Seminary is the school of higher education for boys in the mission, and includes a Normal department for general and technical education, and a Theological department for the training of preachers. Students for these schools and for Inanda Seminary come from all the stations of the mission. The Normal School has numbered forty-seven different pupils, with an average of thirty-three — rather less than hitherto. The new Jubilee Hall, though not quite completed, has been occupied for a part of the year; and an efficient matron, Miss Dixon, has been placed in general charge of the building and of the boys out of school-hours, with the best results. Classes have been taught in algebra, English history, physiology, and physics, and the English language. In the instruction and discipline of the school, the native teacher, John Simon, is especially valuable. An Industrial department had been opened the past year, which promises to be very attractive to the natives, and it is expected that a government grant will provide for all additional expenses thus incurred. The religious life of the school has been good, and very earnest efforts are made by the teachers to draw the pupils into the Christian life. The Theological department has had a prosperous year, with eighteen pupils — more than were ever reported before ; two have just graduated, but desire to stay and study longer, although there are many places that need their services. The school promises to be still larger the coming year, and there is need of more and better accommodations. 20 East Central African Mission.

BUILDINGS.

A new chapel was dedicated during the year at Esidumbini, amid a great public interest, which (aside from the brick) had cost ^ 20 0 , one half of which had been given by the native Christians; and the work there is thus greatly strengthened. A new chapel at Imutyane is nearly completed, built also of brick, with iron roof; and the people are raising funds among themselves to finish the building and to furnish it with seats. Native preachers serve both these churches with great efficiency. At Umtwalumi the natives have already made and burned the brick (50,000) for a new chapel, which is soon to be built. The chapel at Amahlongwa, destroyed by fire, is rebuilding ; and the religious work at both these places feels the quickening so commonly connected with the effort to build. The new building for the Normal School at Amanzimtote will soon be completed, and it is proposed to dedicate it with services specially appropriate to the jubilee year of this mission.

g e n e r a l r e m a r k s . Evidence is not wanting that the gospel is taking a deeper and stronger hold upon the hearts and lives of the Zulu people, and the Church of Christ among the Zulus already has taken firm root, and is bearing precious fruit. At the same time old heathen customs cling firmly to many, and at times make their appear­ ance within the Church. The evils of intemperance have been felt by the native Christians, and a great reformation has been wrought. The custom of selling daughters in marriage is very persistent and demoralizing, and the native disci­ ples are beginning to awaken to some proper sense of the evil. A deep and radical reformation on this point must run throughout the churches before the Christian renovation of Natal can be said to be thoroughly begun. And it is most hopeful for the future to mark the growing sensitiveness of the Zulu con­ science to the spiritual claims of the gospel, and to note the progress — steady, if sometimes slow — which the native churches are making toward purity of life and doctrine, and toward self-support and self-direction. England’s moral transformation required many centuries ; and already, after only a half-century of labor, we see the Zulu church beginning to put on the beauty and strength of her Lord.

EAST CENTRAL AFRICAN MISSION.

M o n g w e . — Erwin H. Richards, Missionary; M rs. Mittie A . Richards.

M a k o d w e n i . — William C. Wilcox, Missionary ; Mrs. Ida B. Wilcox.

K a m k i n i . — Benjamin F. Ousley, Missionary; Mrs. Henrietta Ousley.

The year just closed is marked, in the history of the East Central African Mission, by exploration, the provisional selection of new stations, and the rein­ forcement of the mission by the arrival of Mr. and Mrs. Ousley. During the earlier part of the year, the three missionary families resided at Mongwe, a point on Inhambane Bay selected with reference to its healthfulness and vicinity to the native populations. Here the study of the language, the gathering of a school, East Central African Mission. 21

and the beginning of translation were carried forward with energy and with very creditable results. The people seemed to be friendly and to welcome the efforts of the missionaries in their behalf. The school gathered quite unexpected numbers, although the pupils were very irregular in their attendance. The readiness of the pupils to learn, and the ease with which they seem to master the first elements of education, give good promise for the future. The great objection to attempting a permanent work at this place is the restriction under which the missionaries labor, the Mozambique government, whose jurisdiction extends over this region, giving to them the privilege of religious instruction only within the limits actually owned and occupied by them. For a time the plan of a plantation was regarded favorably, but further observation has led to the dismissal of this plan, at least for the present. Early in the year Mr. Richards made an extended tour into the country lying directly west from Inhambane, and traversed the region for 150 miles, reaching the Luizi, an eastern affluent of the Limpopo, and acquiring much valuable information respecting the country and its occupants. No favorable point for a mission station was discovered, however, in this tour. Later in the year Mr. Wilcox made two or three explorations with reference to the determi­ nation of a suitable locality for one or two additional stations. The last of his tours was intended to reach the capital of Umzila’s Kingdom, but obstacles which could not easily be overcome prevented the accomplishment of this purpose. Mr. Wilcox, however, brought back a report of one or two sites not far removed from Mongwe, which seemed to him to promise good results from missionary labors. Mr. Ousley accompanied Mr. Wilcox on one of these tours, and visited another of the sites alone ; and the point selected by the station which he is at present occupying was chosen after careful investigation of the locality, and its relations to other stations, and its vicinity to considerable populations. The station to be occupied by Mr. Wilcox is located not far from that which Mr. Ousley has selected, and although the missionary force is thus separated, they are within easy communication, and will be able to render each other all necessary aid, and at the same time to find a larger number of natives accessible to them than if they were all to remain at any one of the three stations. Everything in the matter of definite settlement is as yet provisional, but a beginning seems to have been made toward something permanent, and the prospects for the year to come are altogether promising. Mr. Richards made a second tour of perhaps more importance than the first, starting from Delagoa Bay and passing along the country at a distance of fifty miles from, and parallel to, the coast, reaching the Limpopo River at a point where Baleni (the second capital of Umzila’s Kingdom) is located, and thence pursuing his course in a northeasterly direction to Inhambane Bay. This tour revealed to Mr. Richards a very populous country, with many openings for missionary labor, but with few sites which are adapted to the residence of Europeans. The native king at Baleni, Manjova, assured Mr. Richards of a cor­ dial welcome to his territory, with the condition that the approval of his superior, Umzila’s son, now reigning in his father’s stead, should first be secured. The Zulu language is understood by Manjova and his people, although it is not their 22 West Central African Mission. vernacular, and it is probable that missionary operations may be carried on among these people without the necessity of acquiring a new language. The language spoken by the people surrounding the stations occupied by Messrs. Wilcox and Ousley differs from that spoken at Mongwe, and the brethren will find it necessary to acquire this language ; but the explorations of the year seem to reveal the fact that this new language, the Shitswa, is somewhat widely extended, so that its acquisition will be of service at many other points besides the two selected by the mission. The brethren in this mission seem thus to have proved their capacity for pioneer work in a very substantial way, and the knowl­ edge of country and peoples within reach of Inhambane Bay thus secured makes the further development of this mission altogether practicable and full of promise. It was not to be expected that definite spiritual results should be reached during this year of experiments, and yet Sabbath services at Mongwe and the school have not been held without leaving definite and wholesome impressions upon the minds of many who have thus come in contact, for the first time, with the truth of the gospel and with Christian men and women. We have every reason to expect that, as soon as our brethren can give their undistracted efforts to the work of mastering the language and preaching the gospel in it, these peoples will come under the wondrous spell of the Redeemer, and the Church of Christ here also arise with all its multiplied blessings for the many generations to come.

WEST CENTRAL AFRICAN MISSION.

BAILUNDU.— William H. Sanders, Wesley M. Stover, Missionaries; Mrs. Mary J. Sanders, Mrs. Bertha D. Stover. A t Benguela. — Frederick A. Walter, Assistant Missionary ; Mrs. Margaret D. Walter. In this country. — W illiam E . Fay, Missionary. The report upon this mission last year closed with the announcement of disaster which had overtaken the mission at the hands of the native population. Only meagre details had at that time reached the Rooms. Later accounts showed that the expulsion of our missionaries, while it was the immediate act of the king of Bailundu and his chief men, was instigated and countenanced by other parties. Happily the retreat of our missionaries from Bailundu to the coast, though full of danger and fatigue, was accomplished without loss of life and without serious injury. This event has given to the history of the mission during the year an unusual character. The missionary work has, of course, been in abeyance, and the energies of the mission have been mainly directed to the steps leading toward reestablishment. Almost immediately upon arrival at the coast, it was deemed best to send a deputation from the mission to this country to represent the state of affairs, and Mr. and Mrs. Stover and Mr. Fay set out upon this errand. Later, Mr. Miller also sought and obtained leave to return to this country, and he has since, at his own request, been released from further service in connection with the Board. About two months after the arrival at Benguela, Mr. and Mrs. Sanders, at the invitation of the friendly chief of Chivula, a station nearly midway between

24 West Central African Mission.

Bailundu and Benguela, began their return to the interior. After a month’s delay at Chivula, they received tidings from Bih£ and Bailundu, through Mr. F. S. Arnot? a Scotch missionary to the Barotse Valley, which led them to continue their journey to the first settlement of the mission at Bailundu, which place they reached in the month of November, and there they have since remained. The people extended to them a cordial welcome, and their friendliness has had no abatement from the first. King Kwikwi soon sent a written message to Mr. Sanders, and through him to the other missionaries, inviting them to return, apologizing for his treatment of them, and laying the blame of it upon the party who suggested this ill treatment, and assuring them of his friendliness hereafter. Mr. Sanders has since had many interviews with the king, all of them friendly, although the king has not as yet made restitution of the goods which were taken, and everything seems now to indicate as open a field and as favoring conditions for missionary work as at any time before in the history of the mission. Through the efforts of Mr. Walter, by letter and personal interview with the officials at Loanda, letters from the governor-general to the kings of Bih£ and Bailundu have been sent, requesting them to receive the missionaries back to their old stations, and to extend to them their friendship and protection. Whatever authority the provincial officers at Benguela and Loanda really possess among these people is thus definitely pledged to the protection of our missionaries and to the peaceful prosecution of their work. On the sixth of June, Mr. and Mrs. Stover set sail on their return, expecting to reach Benguela early in August, and to be in Bailundu a month thereafter. They took with them a good supply of printed vocabularies and grammars of the Umbundu language, one of the principal results of the first three years’ work, and a great aid in the future development of the mission. Mr. Fay will remain in this country during the coming winter, but expects next spring to rejoin the mission with another missionary and a missionary physician, who have been appointed to service in this field. Mr. Walter and his family have resided at Benguela throughout the year, and, quite contrary to expectation, the health of the family has been as good there as it was at Bailundu. For the present Mr. Walter will be fixed in residence at Benguela, as business agent of the mission, and it is hoped that opportunities for missionary labor will present themselves, so that Benguela may become a station of the mission as well as the base of supplies. The faithfulness of Mr. Walter in very trying circumstances, and his energy in the management of business affairs, are worthy of commendation. The courage, not to say heroism, of Mr. and Mrs. Sanders in returning so promptly to the scene of disaster, and in remaining there in circumstances of great isolation and trial, cannot be too highly commended. The bearing of these men during this last year has produced a very favorable impression upon both provincial authorities and native chiefs, and it seems only reasonable to expect that mis­ sionary work will be resumed with much better hope of permanence and success in consequence of these things. Word comes just at the close of the year that a Bailundu lad in Mr. Walter’s family at the coast seems to have welcomed the gospel and entered upon the Christian life, the beginning, we may hope, of a great spiritual harvest. European Turkey Mission. 25

Reviewing the events of the year in connection with this mission, while we cannot but regret the interruption of the work and the loss of property and of valuable time, we have more occasion for praise and rejoicing than for lament. The favor of the Lord has been shown to our missionaries and to our work in many ways and at many times, and we may reasonably expect, after this day of disaster and delay, a brighter hour will come and our work go forward with new energy and with immediate and blessed fruit. The events of the year, in opening the basin of the Congo to the free entrance of the trade, learning, and religion of the Christian nations, have a direct bearing upon our work in this mission, which is near neighbor to the great district thus accessible to Christian civilization. In the coming of the day of deliverance for Africa our mission force at Bih6 and Bailundu are to have a real, and we trust an important, share.

EUROPEAN TURKEY MISSION.

CONSTANTINOPLE. — Elias Riggs, D-D., l l .D., Robert Thomson, Missionaries; Mrs. Martha J. Riggs, Mrs. Agnes Catherine Thomson. M O NASTIR. — Lewis Bond, Jr., W . E. Locke, Missionaries; Mrs. Fannie G. Bond, Mrs. Zoe A. M. Locke, Miss Harriet L . Cole. Three out-stations.

P hilippopolis . — George D. Marsh, Missionary; Mrs. Ursula C. Marsh, Miss Ellen M. Stone. Twelve out-stations.

S a m o k o v . — James F. Clark, J. Henry House, W . W . Sleeper, Missionaries; Frederick L. Kings­ bury, M.D., Physician; Mrs. Isabella G. Clark, Mrs. Addie S. House, Mrs. Luella S. Kingsbury, Mrs. Mabel Sleeper, Miss Esther T. Maltbie, Miss Sarah E. Graves. Twelve out-stations. In this country. — T . L . Byington, D.D., John W . Baird, Missionaries ; Mrs. Margaret E. Byington, Mrs. Ellen R. Baird, Miss E. Lillian Spooner. Four stations; 27 out-stations; 7 churches; 10 missionaries; 1 physician; 16 female assistants; 5 pastors; 13 preachers; 14 teachers ; church members, 444; added on profession during the year, 58 ; Sabbath-schools, 2 2; pupils, 980; pecuniary contributions, $3,338.

The year has been one of changes in this mission. Dr. Byington, in conse­ quence of prolonged and painful illness, has been obliged to give up work for the present, and seek medical care and rest in his native land. This has necessitated the removal of Mr. Thomson from Philippopolis to Constantinople, to devote himself to the publication department. Miss Spooner, after a brave struggle to remain at her post, has been compelled to return home, her health probably not permitting her to resume missionary work. Mr. and Mrs. Baird are enjoying a well-earned furlough, by a visit to this country, but return early this autumn. Their place has been supplied at Monastir by the removal of Mr. and Mrs. Locke from Samokov to Monastir. An interesting conference was held at Samokov in July last, embracing nearly all of the Bulgarian pastors, preachers, and teachers, as well as the missionaries, — fifty-one in all. Valuable discussions were held on questions of practical moment to the welfare and progress of evangelical work. The conclusions reached were adopted at the Annual Meeting by the mission. No better illus­ tration could be given of the harmony and good feeling existing between all engaged in the common work. 26 European Turkey Mission.

The Bulgarian Evangelical Society continues its labors independently but in full accord with the mission, and assisted by grants-in-aid. Its principal care the past year has been devoted to the promising field in and about Sophia, the capital of the principality. A church of twenty members was organized in that city. Three preachers and a colporter have been employed by the society during the year, and also theological students from Samokov in the vacation of the Theological Institute. The society has also had part in the publication of several volumes much needed by the people. The unsettled state of some portions of this mission field, especially in the region of which Monastir is the centre, has stood in the way of missionary effort, made touring dangerous, and greatly disturbed the minds of the people. Perse­ cution of the bitterest kind has been experienced, in which Greek ecclesiastics have connived with the local authorities in the arrest and imprisonment of Protestants or of any who showed sympathy for them, under pretence of intrigues with brigands. The fidelity of the sufferers to their convictions has been a credit to the Christian name. Add to this the large sums spent by the old communities for education, and every effort to entice children and youth from mission schools, and it is obvious that progress, though slow, may well be regarded as sure and on substantial foundations.

STATIONS.

Constantinople.* — Besides aiding in the preparation of works in the Bulgarian language, Dr. Riggs has had part in the revision of the Turkish version of the Scriptures; also in the revision of a Bible Dictionary prepared by Dr. Constan­ tine, of Smyrna, as well as in some other labors for the American Tract Society. The time and strength of Dr. Byington was given largely to the issue of the weekly and monthly Zornitza. Seventeen different publications were issued from the press during the year, making 1,291 pages; the whole number of copies 48,084, and pages printed 3,627,080. Among these publications may be noticed a Hymn and Tune Book of 160 pages, a Bible Handbook of 182 pages, Bible Illustration, 96 pages, and a smaller volume entitled “ How Does a Man Become a True Christian?” Monastir. — There is much to encourage in the hopeful spiritual condition of believers in this city. Eleven persons were received to communion during the year, two of them from the Girls’ School. Mrs. Bond’s medical work continues with a good degree of success. On days specially devoted to patients, some­ times as many as forty come to her for treatment. Besides this service for out­ siders, her care for the girls in the boarding school is worthy of notice. This school, by the illness of Miss Spooner, was left to the charge of Miss Cole, while as yet but imperfectly in command of the language. But for the aid of Mr. and Mrs. Bond, it would have been quite impossible for her to have kept it up. The number of pupils enrolled during the year was forty-one — four Americans, four Albanians, three Greeks, three Gypsies, two Wallachians, and twenty-five Bulgarians. Of these, thirteen were boarders and twenty-eight day-scholars from the city.

■ ' ' 4 1 Constantinople is regarded as a station of tMaftnission , because the residence of missionaries devoted to literary work in the Bulgarian language. European Turkey Mission. 2 7

The work is steadily progressing at the out-stations of Monastir, especially at Strumnitza and Monospetovo, though meeting most unjust and hitter persecution. At the latter place seven young men who had suffered most have made profession of their faith in Christ, and others desire to do so. Philippopolis. — More time and labor have been spent on this portion of the mission than on any other, and results correspond — in the greater intelligence of the people, in the readier attention to the truth, and in generous efforts to sustain religious services. Much of the time of the missionaries in charge is given to touring among the different towns and villages in which work has been begun, so aiding and encouraging the native preachers and teachers. Work among the women is under the special care of Miss Stone, who finds much to encourage her in her labors. She is making arrangements to train ah efficient body of Bible-women to aid her in a wider range of effort. Six different places besides Philippopolis have enjoyed the regular labors of pastors or preachers, and four other helpers, as far as the force at command would permit. Samokov. — The work at this point is steadily gaining in popular interest. It is noticed that military and civil officers, teachers, and students in the orthodox (old church) theological school are occasional attendants on evangelical worship, and that personal relations with the citizens are becoming more cordial, and that the conviction is evidently gaining ground that the gospel has come to stay in that part of Bulgaria. Favorable reports are made of the interest developed at different out-stations. The great event of the year has been the erection and dedication of a fine chapel at Kostenetz, at an expense of about $440, contributed in money and labor by the people themselves. A new church will soon be organized at this point. At Sophia, Rev. J. N. Matincheff, m .d ., has preached regularly to crowded audiences. A church edifice, better fitted to meet the demands of the growing congregation, has been begun in a new part of the city. This city will soon be in direct railroad communication with Vienna, and is therefore of special importance as a centre of evangelical work. It must suffice here to allude only to the progress evidently making at other points, and to cite some of the general conclusions as to work at this station, as follows : — “ 1. The year has been marked by church-building. Two edifices have been completed and dedicated, and a third begun. In this work the people immediately benefited have been the donors ; they have not looked abroad for help — with the exception of the friends in Sophia, where it seems best to build a much more costly structure than elsewhere. “ 2. The year has been one of decided progress in the line of self-support. “ 3. This field has great need of more laborers, preachers, teachers, and colporters.”

EDUCATION.

The Collegiate and Theological Institute has had an attendance of twenty-five the past year, of whom two were graduated from the Theological department, and two from the Scientific. Ten of the student^ were self-supporting, and the 28 Western Turkey Mission.

others received more or less aid. Mr. Isanoff, one of the trustees, refers to the necessity of this institution as a means of giving a Christian training to young men, not to be received in other high schools of the principality, and of securing preachers and pastors for the evangelical communities. He refers also to the perfect harmony between American and Bulgarian teachers, and to a prosperous future for the institution. The Girls’ Boarding School reports a year of great blessing— the whole number of pupils, boarding and day scholars, sixty-four. The death of one of the recent graduates was the occasion of a very general and deep religious interest which continued for months, “ so that during the year nearly all of the pupils were led by the Spirit to consider the question of personal salvation, and many have expressed the hope that their sins were forgiven.” Eight have united with the church, and others are expecting to do so. “ Never,” writes Miss Maltbie, “ has the work of watching for, instructing, and guiding souls seemed to me so delightful as at present; and the joy of seeing these precious girls coming to Christ, being established and built up in him, is such as the world cannot give nor take away.” The outlook in this mission was never more hopeful than now.

WESTERN TURKEY MISSION.

LIl'ERARY DEPARTMENT FOR THE THREE ARMENIAN MISSIONS.

C onstantinople . — E . E . Bliss, P.D., Henry O. Dwight, Henry S. Bamum, Missionaries; Mrs. Isabella H. Bliss, Mrs. Helen P. Barnum.

GENERAL MISSIONARY WORK.

BROOSA.— Theodore A. Baldwin, Missionary ; Mrs. Matilda J. Baldwin. Thirteen out-stations. C E SA R E A . — Wilson A. Farnsworth, D.D., James L. Fowle, Missionaries; Mrs. Caroline E. Farns­ worth, Mrs. Caroline P. Fowle, Miss Fannie E. Burrage. Thirty-eight out-stations.

C onstantinople . — George W . W ood, d .d ., Charles H . Brooks, Charles A. S. Dwight, M ission­ aries ; William W . Peet, Treasurer and Business Manager; Mrs. Sarah H . Wood, Mrs. Fannie W . Brooks, Mrs. Susan M. Schneider, Miss Martha J. Gleason, Mrs. Martha A. Peet, Miss Olive N. Twichell, Mrs. Fannie M. Newell, Miss Mary E. Brooks. Three out-stations. Connected with the Home. — Miss Mary M. Patrick, Miss Clara H. Hamlin, Miss Isabella F. Dodd, Miss Helen E. Melvin, Miss Flora A. Fensham, Miss Ida W . Prime. MARSOVAN.— George F. Herrick, D.D., John F. Smith, Charles C. Tracy, Missionaries; Mrs. Helen M. Herrick, Mrs. Myra P. Tracy, Miss Eliza Fritcher, Mrs. Sarah E. Smith, Miss Mary P. W right. Eighteen out-stations.

N i c o m e d i a . — John E . Pierce, Missionary; Mrs. Catherine Parsons, Mrs. Lizzie A. Pierce, Miss Laura Famham, Miss Electa C. Parsons. Eighteen out-stations.

S i v a s . — Albert W. Hubbard, Henry T. Perry, Missionaries; Mrs. Emma R. Hubbard, Miss Laura B. Chamberlain. Ten out-stations. SM Y R N A . — Lym an Bartlett, Missionary; George Constantine, D.D., engaged in Greek work; M rs. Constantine, Miss Mary Lyon Page, Mrs. Cornelia C. Bartlett, Miss Agnes M. Lord, Miss Emily McCallum, Miss Clara D. Lawrence, Miss Rebecca G. Jillson. Seven out-stations. TREBIZOND. — M . P. Parmelee, M .D * James W. Seelye, Missionaries; Mrs. Julia F. Parmelee. Fou r out-stations. Western Turkey Mission. 29

I k this country.— Joseph K. Greene, D.D., I. Fayette Pettibone, D.D., Edward Riggs, Missionaries; Mrs. Elizabeth A. Greene, Mrs. Kate P. Williams, Mrs. Sarah H. Riggs, Miss Sarah A. Closson. Eight stations ; n o out-stations; 21 missionaries, one of them a physician; 1 treasurer; 42 female assistant missionaries; 29 churches : 2,196 membership; 199 additions; 19 native pastors; 34 preach­ ers ; 145 teachers; 34 helpers ; 7 theological and high schools : 357 pupils ; 9 girls’ high schools : 486 pupils; 122 common schools: 4,283 pupils; 4 pupils in theological classes; 429 others under instruction; whole number of pupils, 5,559.

The changes of location of missionaries in this field are indicated in the above table, Mr. Pettibone, after thirty years of almost continuous labor, broken only by a not less exhausting service in the army during the Civil War, at last feels the need of recreation, for a time, in the United States. Mr. and Mrs. H. S. Barnum, Miss Mary P. Wright, and Miss Sears (now Mrs. Smith) have been transferred from the Eastern Turkey Mission ; Misses Lord and McCallum from Constantinople to Smyrna; Mrs. Newell and Miss Twichell from Broosa to Constantinople. Mr. Barnum is to engage in the literary department; Miss Wright to aid Miss Fritcher in the care of the Girls’ Seminary at Marsovan in place of Miss Washburn, who, after thirteen years of faithful work, has felt obliged to withdraw; and Mrs. Newell and Miss Twichell are proposing to take part in the enterprise so successfully prosecuted by Mrs. Schneider and Miss Gleason at the capital. Miss Cull, after fourteen years devoted to the Christian training of Greek girls, has returned home for needed rest and change. Miss Blake, much to the regret of the mission, has left to enter on home duties. One valued member of the mission, ripened in Christian character by painful trials, — Mrs. Dwight,— has been called to rest from her labors. The reports rendered at the late annual meeting from the different stations of this mission were much more encouraging than usual. Missionaries and native brethren have united in the common work with a degree of sympathy and earnestness of purpose which have been most happy in their results. In the station conferences there has been substantial agreement in conclusions reached, and a readiness on the part of all to consider carefully and wisely practical ques­ tions that have arisen. A better acquaintance with each other, a larger sympathy in the peculiar difficulties which attend missionary work, and a readiness to help each other are signs of greatest promise for the future. It is hoped that, as a result of these conferences, the churches will take a much more active part in the general work of evangelization, and be prepared to assume larger responsibilities. In a review of the year, Dr. Wood has called attention to some facts of special interest in their bearing on the progress of missionary work, not only in the Western Turkey Mission, but throughout the empire. He says : “ This is to be said in reference to the sphere of our operations : that it is becoming clear that the spiritual enlightenment of Oriental Christians is far outrunning the drawing of such into distinct evangelical organizations. The number is not small of persons who accept the evangelical system of doctrine, acknowledge their duty to confess Christ before men, become advocates of religious reform, and yet will not leave their national church. We cannot say to them that they must do this in order to personal salvation. What is to be done when a preach­ ing agency gains but few individuals into a local church, with little or no ability 30 Western Turkey Mission.

for its pecuniary support, and yet perhaps the community at large is evidently being leavened with the influence of gospel truth ? The people may be poor; yet, from the degree of civilization characterizing them, the cost of sustaining the institutions of the gospel may be considerable, far exceeding the possibility of its being met without aid from abroad. Shall an evangelizing agency be withheld because a pastorate supported by the people cannot yet be secured? Could we gather in the spiritual fruit of our operations for the support of churches, and a ministry connected with them, in the measure in which this is done in heathen lands, the difficulties of the problem would be much lessened. While, therefore, we do our utmost to accomplish right action, in accordance with universally accepted missionary principles, the supporters of missions in Turkey must exercise long patience, and discriminate between the merely apparent and the real in their application of principles to the facts with which we deal.” How men in the old church, who have become enlightened and now accept evangelical views, can excuse themselves from aiding in their promulgation, may well be a question. On another topic, Dr. Wood says: “ The irruption of other denominations into some of our station fields may be allowed of God for a purpose of greater ultimate good; but the immediate effects of unavoidable controversy, the turning of the minds of men from what is vital to that which is less important, and the weakening of small and feeble congregations by divisions, are sadly evil.”

T H E PRESS. The printing in the year under review was about one half more than during the previous year — in all, 59 publications, in four languages, of 5,237 pages. The aggregate number of copies was 178,650, of pages, 11,7 8 1,4 0 0 ; totals from the commencement, 3,000,130, and 385,16 3,212 pages. The number of books, large and small, put in circulation during the year, principally by sale, was 50,571 ; the number of tracts, in large part by gratuitous but discriminating distribution, 31,680. The number of subscribers to newspapers was 4,200. The entire expense of this department the past year was $26,849; receipts from sale of books and papers, $7,575.

STATIONS. Constantinople. — Evangelistic work among Armenians in the city has been carried on by a united council, in which Armenian brethren have had equal voice and vote with the missionaries. The discussions in this body have been invari­ ably pleasant, and all decisions have been reached by unanimous vote. Religious services have been maintained at various points in the city, much as in former years. Of evangelistic efforts in behalf of Armenians and other races, the city mission in old Stamboul, under the care of Mrs. Schneider, deserves special mention. The great extent and promise of this agency are evident from the following state­ ment : For the year beginning May last, the Sabbath-school has numbered from 100 to 150 scholars, with an average of 118 . Of these, more than one half are from the old Gregorian community. The coffee-rooms are proving important Western Turkey Mission. 31 agencies. At one of these there were over 11,000 visitors during the four months beginning in January. The income pays the rent and all running expenses, except the wages of one man. The other coffee-room is on a smaller scale, but has had nearly an equal number of visitors. Nothing but praise is heard in regard to these rooms, and many visitors have personally expressed their thanks and appreciation. Bibles and other religious books and papers to be found in these rooms are much read, and often interesting discussions follow. Through these means, the truth is brought to the attention of many who would not think of attending on any public religious service. Miss Maria West, though not formally connected with the mission, has of late been devoting her time and strength to laboring among Armenian women as she has opportunity. Her mature Christian experience and tact will find ample scope in this work. As a result of religious services held at different points, it is gratifying to know that not a few additions to churches in the interior have been made, as the result of Christian influence exerted at the capital on those who come thither in quest of employment. In comparative freedom from ecclesiastical supervision and the opposition of relatives and friends, they are drawn into evangelical meetings, and become accessible for personal inquiries, and go back to their homes pre­ pared to take a stand for the truth they have learned to love. If the results, therefore, of work at Constantinople do not appear in accessions 'to churches there, much is accomplished indirectly for other fields, and many men are saved from the vices of the capital to enter on earnest Christian work. The late visit of Dr. Somerville, of Scotland, to Constantinople and vicinity deserves special mention. For six or seven weeks he held morning prayer-meet- ings continuously in the English language, and nearly every day spoke once or twice to crowded auditories through interpreters in different languages, or in English. Men of all the different nationalities frequented these meetings, — Armenians, Greeks, Jews, Europeans, and even Turks, — and for the first time heard the earnest presentation of Christian truth. The interest awakened by him extended thus beyond the bounds of Protestantism. Not the least interest­ ing were the comments in Armenian newspapers, strongly approving of the preacher and his earnest, faithful presentation of the gospel. The Home at Constantinople has been steadily gaining in influence and useful­ ness. The whole number of pupils during the year ending December 3 1 was 129 ; the receipts for board and tuition amounted to $8,700. Nicomedia. — The church in Adabazar continues to be strong and flourishing under the charge of its able pastor. Less can be said of Nicomedia, where a spirit of peace and union among those who bear the Christian name has long been lacking. The church at Bardezag has been rent by the Baptist controversy, first by the “ Disciples,” then by the Baptists,1 and then again by the “ Friends,” so that very little can be expected from this community for years to come. Where there is so much contention, there can be little progress. Yet the mis­ sionary is not without encouragement in view of the work at other points. So lights and shadows mingle.

1 This movement is due to native agents sustained by the Baptist Publication Society in New York, not by the Baptist Missionary Union. 32 Western Tm'key Mission.

Turning to the schools, there is much to encourage. The Girls’ School has had a prosperous year. It is expected that this school will be removed to Adabazar the coming year, and be placed more immediately under the care of the native community. The community proposes to meet all the expenses of the institution hereafter, in case of such removal, save the support of the American teachers for a limited period. Should this plan succeed, it will be a step forward in the direction of self-support, which will not be without happy influences elsewhere. The school for boys and young men at Bardezag has been making steady advance. The whole number of pupils during the year has amounted to 130, of whom seventy-eight wrere boarding pupils. The receipts for board and tuition amounted to about 800 Turkish pounds ($3,520). This institution bids fair to be self-supporting soon, and to illustrate the value of thorough instruction, and show the readiness of the people to support an institution of real worth. Cesarea. — This station covers a district of 45,000 square miles, with a popu­ lation of two millions of people, all in the charge of two ordained missionaries, their wives, and two unmarried ladies. The success of the past year calls forth the heartiest thanksgivings and praise to God for his mercies and blessings on their labors. Never before has there been such full and hearty cooperation between the native brethren and the missionaries. The plans formed in conference have been carried out with the aid of five pastors, six licensed preachers, forty-two teachers, and sixteen other helpers. At thirty-three different points has the light of the gospel shone amid the gross darkness that covers this portion of the empire. The people listen to the preaching of the Word with a deeper sense of personal responsibility than ever before. There is much searching of the Scriptures and much prayer. In several of the congregations societies have been formed among the young men for mutual improvement and help in Christian labor, and they are rendering most valuable assistance. In the matter of contributions for the support of the gospel the people have done well, in spite of long-continued business depression and the prevailing poverty. The last year they raised upward of $3,000. While there has not been any remark­ able work of grace, yet there has been a steady advance in Christian activity, in the growth of the schools and of the churches, and especially in the direction of self-support. The high school for young men at Cesarea and the Talas boarding school for girls have shared in the general progress. What is of special interest and encouragement is the increased diligence in the study of God’s Word among all classes, and next to that is the abatement of a spirit of enmity and intolerance on the part jof the old communities. It is not a rare thing for evangelical preachers to be invited to speak or preach in the Gregorian churches. Sivas. — This is one of the least cultivated fields of the mission, and one which has suffered much from frequent changes of the missionaries employed. The work is still largely in its beginnings, not so well established but that it can easily be disturbed by distracting influences; yet during the year, between thirty and forty members were added to the churches on profession of faith. The work in this station has suffered more than any other from the incursions of the Western Turkey Mission. 33 “ Disciples.” “ Their system is cheap. It calls for but little pecuniary sacrifice, and gives the ordinances so freely to all, without discrimination of Christian character, that the shifting, restless hearers find it a convenient refuge. Congre­ gations for separate worship have been established by them in Sivas, Zara, and Tocat, and attempts are being made at other places. So between the upper and nether millstones of retrenchment by our Society on the one hand and the Campbellite socialist and doctrinal heresy on the other, the hope of making our churches self-supporting, with pastors to serve them, is necessarily deferred.” The most interesting portion of the work in this station, perhaps, is that in charge of the unmarried ladies, whether we consider the work among the people from house to house or that accomplished by the schools. Smyrna. — This field embraces territory 270 miles long and 150 miles wide, or in all more than 40,000 square miles. It is in charge of a single missionary, Mr. Bartlett, assisted happily and well by Dr. Constantine. The work in this station has suffered not a little from frequent change of missionaries, and from inadequate attempts to reach the great centres of influence. It is a field that cannot be said to have been cultivated in any degree proportionate to its extent or the opportunities presented. The few congregations are as yet feeble. Ex­ penses of all kinds are higher than farther away in the interior, yet good begin­ nings have been made. A school for girls has been established at Smyrna, with every prospect of success, with an attendance the last year of eighty-four pupils. On the first of March, nine of the boarding scholars united with the church, thus giving delightful evidence of the religious spirit maintained in the institution. The enlargement of the school premises and the addition of Miss Jillson to the staff of teachers seem to be required by the growth and success of the institution. The girls’ boarding school, sustained for s^me years past at Manisa, will be temporarily given up, in view of the opportunities for instruction now offered at Smyrna, and a day-school substituted for it, under the charge of the Evangelical Alliance. This latter body continues its valuable service. It sustains schools and preachers of the gospel at interior stations, and shows an activity which is full of promise for the future. The Alliance is largely under the direction and counsel of Dr. Constantine. Marsovan. — Steady progress is noted in this station. The pecuniary contri­ butions the past year were larger than any previous year, and that in spite of the ever-increasing depression in trade and of wellnigh universal poverty. The teachers and congregations appreciate and love their preachers and teachers. Aside from the ordinary agencies, the Young Men’s Christian Association, in connection with the church at Marsovan, has had a year of vigorous life, and has done not a little to aid and encourage the interests of education, both by the cultivation of a healthful public sentiment and by pecuniary aid. The girls’ boarding school continues to enjoy tokens of the divine favor. Eleven of the pupils have been received to the church during the year, and others expect to join soon. The high school for boys is still more rapidly growing in favor and in numbers, until, so great has been the success of the school, plans are now entertained of enlarging its work still farther, that it may supply the demand for 34 Western Turkey Mission.

higher education in this portion of the field. It is felt that the evangelistic work in this region has reached a point where its further advance seems to depend on the existence of such an institution. The scientific instruction formerly given in the Theological Seminary at Marsovan has already been introduced into the high school, and has left the theological instruction exclusively biblical. The number of students is small, only three having been graduated the past year. The new class, however, numbers ten. Broosa. — This large field has been left the past year to the care of a single missionary, who finds the burden altogether too great, and pleads earnestly for an associate. The girls’ boarding school has included both Greek and Armenian pupils, though intended originally for Greeks alone. The two ladies in charge of the institution, who were specially interested in the Greek work, have felt that a larger field is opening before them in Constantinople. The seminary is now left in charge of Mrs. Baldwin. Facilities will still be offered for Greek girls who desire to avail themselves of the advantages of the institution. Mr. Baldwin speaks highly of the earnestness and fidelity of the Armenian preachers in his field, without whose assistance it would be quite impossible for him to care for the growing evangelical communities under his supervision. Trebizond.— The condition of the work in this region has seemed to justify fully the reestablishment of Trebizond as a missionary station. Special interest has been developed among the Greeks, and now that Dr. Parmelee is to have an associate specially devoted to them, still further progress is anticipated. The missionary in charge refers with much interest to the readiness of the people to contribute according to their means for the support of their own institutions. Colportage has been actively carried on during the year, till eleven cities and eighteen different villages have been visited, and the way thus prepared for the coming of the living preacher. -9 In view of the work already accomplished in this mission and the many calls from purely heathen lands, the Prudential Committee have deemed it important to press measures looking toward reducing expenditure by developing in the churches a just sense of their responsibility for the further prosecution of the work. Some time must elapse before a complete transfer of responsibility can be made. In the meanwhile, by means of station conferences and the establish­ ment of higher institutions of learning, the way is being steadily prepared.

APPENDIX.

The following carefully prepared paper, by Dr. Wood, on “ Constantinople as a Missionary Field,” may well be appended to the report of this mission : “ We have reached a turning-point in the history of our mission, and particu­ larly of this station. The fathers who began in this city the missionary work in Turkey (out of Syria) have passed away. Very soon none of the foreign laborers in the earlier periods, and none of the persons on whom their labors first took effect, will remain. A new generation, native and foreign, now, under greatly changed conditions, take up the enterprise for a future in which they are to be the actors and are to experience the effects. Western Turkey Mission. 35 “ Under these circumstances, it seems fitting to present some observations on the claims and peculiar characteristics of this field, and to consider anew ques­ tions of method and agencies in prosecuting the work. Days gone by may teach wisdom; and it is well to recall them in a way to learn from them profitable lessons for guidance hereafter. For avoidance, however, of harmful regrets, let ‘ the dead past bury its dead,’ with whatever errors, imperfections, and failures of any kind may belong to it. But let not the present generation forget or undervalue its indebtedness to the past for its inheritance of spiritual life and a basis, laid at great cost, on which to build for the time to come. “ Before touching on other topics, let us advert to the field, its rightful claims, and what has been done on it. “ The importance of Constantinople as a missionary field can hardly be over­ estimated. To Turkey its capital is more than London is to England, or Paris to France. Every pulsation sent forth from this great heart is felt to the utmost extremity of the body. How invaluable for influence throughout all these lands of the East would be a strong, united, active, in every way exemplary evangelical community in this city ! What object can there be more worthy to be sought by fervent prayer and appropriate effort ? “ Consider the population in Constantinople needing to be evangelized. Com­ pare it with that of the whole territory of the Central, or even the Eastern, Turkey Mission. And then compare the populations as to their status in respect to social advancement. Yet how vast the disparity in evangelistic agency and its results ! There is, indeed, good reason for much of this difference. Missionary fields are to be estimated not alone by numbers of souls or degrees of civilization, but by accessibility and promise. Proverbially, large cities, while all important, are yet far the hardest fields for missionary conquest. In whatever respects this saying applies to other cities, it is preeminently true of Constanti­ nople. The evangelization of rural fields is to be sought, not merely because it is more easy of accomplishment, but because by reflex influence it is of high value for the cities. Perhaps, indeed quite certainly, will the evangelization of this capital be much aided from the interior. Many evangelical residents here are recently, or more remotely, from the interior. “ But apart from this, a direct agency adapted to the peculiarities of the metro­ politan field, and somewhat corresponding in amount to the work to be done in it, ought to be furnished. What it should be, can be seen in these facts : that it is to be especially for Armenians, Greeks, and Moslems — the Jewish field being well occupied by our Scotch and English brethren, and foreigners and other races not being included within the scope of our operations; that it is to act under the eye of a watchful Mohammedan government, and surrounded by explosive elements of popular Moslem fanaticism; that it is confronted by Christian hierarchical organizations having the prestige of venerable antiquity, and (by reason of the identity of civil and religious organization under Turkish rule) enlisting in their support the sacred sentiment of patriotism and all national pride and race antagonisms ; that it encounters a moral deprivation from causes like those which gave character to old Babylon and imperial Rome, reenforced by bad effects of intrigues and rivalries for ascendency of influence with reference 36 Western Turkey Mission. to political interests of other countries; that it has now to meet in many young men a misleading self-confidence given by education and reading which are not sufficient to secure the benefits of more thorough culture, and, moreover, a tide of materialistic thought flowing in from Europe; while to this is added the sadly injurious influence of practical irreligion on the part of too many nominally believing representatives of the higher civilization of the Occident; that it has to work under conditions of city occupations and habits which make access to families and individuals difficult; and, finally, that it is ever thrust back by an intense worldliness — a natural product of struggles for subsistence and wealth and aggrandizement, under which the greater intellectual activity here seen is but a partial compensation for the heart - aversion from spiritual truth which is intensified. Evidently the agency here needed is the very best that can be obtained; and long patience should be exercised in a necessary waiting for results desired from it. “ The immense area of Constantinople and the diversity of populations and languages and religions constitute a great impediment to its evangelization. On the two sides of the Golden Horn and the Bosphorus the capital extends in one ■direction from eighteen to twenty miles, and in the other, eight or ten miles. The Bible House in Stamboul, the Home in Scutari, and Robert College at Rumeli Hissar are at the angles of a triangle, the sides of which measure from three to six miles each. How simplified would be our problem if there were but one language, as in Syria, and our city field were no larger than Beirut, or Broosa, or even Smyrna ! The changeableness of population creates embarrassment. Near the Protestant church in Hass-keuy former residences of wealthy Armenians are now filled with Jewish tenants. In Pera the site originally selected by our Armenian brethren for a church edifice has become in their estimation unsuitable. Removals of residence not unfrequently cut off connection with the house of God. To make a visit to a fellow church member may require half a day or more of time, to go and come. Combined action is therefore greatly hindered. Only conscientious regard to religious duties and privileges in the selection of a residence, and much self-denying activity, can remedy a great evil in this particular. “ Both the field and the agency are to be considered in weighing results. In respect to the American agency employed and the money expenditure here made, it is to be borne in mind how small a proportion is strictly for the benefit of Constantinople. Our position imposes a necessity for seeing many foreign visitors. Much missionary time is consumed in communications with our embassy and consulate, and correspondence with America, often less for ourselves than for other stations and even for other missions. From the beginning the demands of the press have claimed such portion of the missionary force as, with that given to education or other labor, has hardly ever left more than one or two of the ordained ministers for the work of oral evangelization as a chief occupation, and some­ times only a fractional part of the time even of the smallest minority. The office of the treasurer and secular agent is for all the missions of the American Board, and his heavy labors are increased by services rendered to missionaries in Persia and to individuals in Turkey and America. Residents in the capital Western Turkey Mission. 3 7

derive great advantage from Robert College and the Home School for Girls ; but the boarding pupils in these institutions come largely from Bulgaria and Asia Minor, some from places far remote. Thus the fruits of the large expenditure on the press, in education, and for missionary support in Constantinople are widely spread over the whole empire, rather than found in this city. The number of native evangelists at any one time aided by the station has never been large. “ Again, the value of results is by no means to be estimated merely by the fruit ripened and gathered. A vast work of digging and seed-sowing must precede the harvest-production on such ground as in Constantinople. What did it not cost of missionary toil and native suffering in a true martyr spirit, to gain the battle for religious freedom in the degree in which it has been won? The condition of things in Constantinople is, in many respects, so different to-day from what it was forty years ago that many persons now living here can hardly credit the historic records which give the facts as they then were. How imperceivable is the leavening process to which our Saviour likens the progress of his kingdom ! The introduction of new ideas, the overcoming of old habits of thinking and feeling, the creation of a new intellectual and moral atmosphere, aided by various agencies yet largely the product of evangelistic forces, is going on despite all hindrances and far beyond the lines which bound a visible and acknowledged success of evangelistic operations. The fruits of the preaching of the gospel are more abundant among the poorer classes than in the higher, as is everywhere the case; and more among immigrants from the interior, of whom many thousands live temporarily in khans and as servants, than among those of city birth whom metropolitan feeling makes less accessible to the influence of evangelical truth. When these fruits are not carried into the interior, they partly disappear in the great mass of the population here. But could all that is known as remaining in this collection of cities be gathered within the limits of a city like Beirut, say in Pera or Scutari, it would be seen that, relatively to labor and expenditure, the success in Constantinople exceeds what has yet been gained in that city, and is at least equal to that in somt. other fields in which there is more to strike the eye of a visitor. “ A long roll of converts who have died in the faith, and a living body of believers respectable in numbers, social position, and character, in addition to all other results, — including Robert College as an outgrowth of the operations of the American Board, — attest that the missionary enterprise is far from having proved a failure in this metropolis. Yet it has not met with a success corre­ sponding to the desire and hope of its agents and friends. For this, various causes may be assigned, among which, no doubt, a high place is to be given to the defective zeal, fidelity, wisdom, and spiritual consecration of its missionary agents. Possibly a different action by the directing supporters in America, on some questions, might have helped to larger results. Mistakes and imperfections of native brethren have had something to do in impairing the prosperity of the work. Let these considerations, however, be called up only with a view to extract a lesson of humility, charity, and reform from them. Let us all try to get right now ; and taking things as we find them in the providence of God actually to exist, let us, foreigners and natives, henceforth seek the highest attainable good by the best use of means within our reach. 38 Western Turkey Mission.

“ In comparison with early days in the history of the mission, we have great reason for thankfulness and encouragement in the facilities now enjoyed. Great is the contrast, as above intimated, with the times which some of us remember, when, besides the school in Bebek, there was but one place of evangelical preaching in Armenian and Turkish, at which audiences, gathered from all Constantinople, numbered only one or two score of persons; when the Bebek School was occasionally closed by patriarchal fulminations followed by arrest and imprisonment of scholars, or of fathers and brothers, to compel their removal; when only a few girls could be procured for a boarding school by taking them (as pupils in the Bebek School were also taken) without pecuniary charge and often by assisting them to clothing; when, through fear, visitors would come to a missionary’s dwelling only at night, or otherwise in secrecy; when refusal to abjure profession of evangelical belief by Armenian and Greek converts cost ecclesiastical anathema, social proscription, sometimes even inability to buy bread of bakers, or carry on trade, and sometimes violence of mobs and judicial tortures; when there was no Bible House, no Robert College, no “ Home ” School for Girls, no printing possible to us in Constantinople, no translations of Scrip­ tures in the spoken languages of the people, and hardly any tracts or books yet published; and open sales by colportage, or even in shops, were scarcely allowed to us for issues of the Smyrna press. In view of present advantages, we should be full of courage and activity. There is, however, uncertainty in respect to future opportunities. Great political changes possibly impend, the effect of which we cannot assume to forecast. The attitude of the Turkish government toward our work is more decidedly unfriendly than it was twenty years ago. Local officials are upheld in acts of petty persecution. Freedom of action is hindered by requirements of official authorization, which is withheld. Nearly five years have elapsed since there was a readiness on the part of our station, in concert with Armenian brethren, to erect a church building in the city midway between the Golden Horn and the Marmora; but no influence of embassies supporting native application has yet been able to get the needed firman. Reports from some of the provinces of alleged orders from Constantinople for closing schools, or preventing the opening of new schools without special permits from the capital, hindrances to colportage sales of books, and inquiries not made for thirty years past in regard to schools and preaching-places in this city, are ominous of attempts to take away liberty which has been accorded for at least a third of a century, and as far as possible defeat our aims. I f we were not feared, this would not be. How far opposition will go we cannot tell; but He that wrought deliverance so wonderfully in former years is still on the throne. In him is our confidence. Discretion, careful consideration — but not timidity — should mark our plans. Whatever else may fail, the work of God will not here fail. Foreign agencies may indeed for a time be displaced, but this is not likely to be. Present opportunities should, however, be improved to the utmost, that a foundation may be laid, to endure through all changes, for a superstructure on which God will find laborers to build for his glory. “ Very urgent is the call now, both to missionary agencies and native evangelical Christians in this important field, to be like the children of Issachar in ancient Western Turkey Mission. 39 times, of whom it is said that ‘ they were men who had understanding of the times to know what Israel ought to d o ; the heads of them were two hundred, and all their brethren were at their commandment.’ Unanimity in a wise aggressiveness is the imperative demand of this time. None can doubt the need of a combination of foreign and native instrumentality. All agree that the foreign is for the raising up of the native, and is to diminish as the latter increases. Practical questions are before us as to the kind and measure of each, and the mode of combination. Plainly the foreign reaches its object in the degree in which a self-supporting, self-governing, self-developing native body of workers is raised up. A mission is to plant trees, not flagstafTs; to open foun­ tains, however small, not build cisterns, however large. Our work is not that of hot-house culture, but the opening of streams in the desert, and making the wilderness blossom as the rose. “ First comes evangelization; then succeed Christian organization and perma­ nent institutions. We long to erect a visible temple — a magnificent structure for the Lord of Hosts. The prime requisite for this is living stones — not loose clay in the form of stones — to go into its walls. Construction is easy when the fit materials are at hand. How shall these materials be secured? Two directions are given in the New Testament: ‘ Pray ye the Lord of the harvest’ ; ‘ Preach the Word.’ Who shall preach? Not Judases, not Demases; but converted Sauls of Tarsus; those who are constrained to say : ‘ Woe is me if I preach not the gospel, whatever betide me in so doing.* In the ordering of Providence it is first the missionary, then the native. Under existing circumstances what (as missionaries) can we — ought we — to do for the Greeks, the Mohammedans, the Armenians? As an immediate pressing question, how shall we continue the work which God blesses — of the City Mission, under Mrs. Schneider’s care? How far can additional like labors be prosecuted? In what way, and to what extent, can we act with and for our Armenian brethren so as to cheer and strengthen them in work for Christ? “ A question previous to all others in relation to this last point is : Are evangel­ ical church organizations to be sought and encouraged? We desire to promote spiritual life and evangelical reform in the Oriental churches. We wish to do godd to individuals to the widest possible extent. It is not for missionaries to decide what native converts shall do in respect to external relations, but only to urge obedience to an enlightened conscience. But modes of missionary help necessarily depend on the decisions which native converts make as to their posi­ tion and aims. The question of civil organization is entirely distinct, and may be determined in any way, as local circumstances may admit. But that of church organization is connected with the form of evangelistic agencies — with the questions of an evangelical ministry, of education for it, and its support and relations to the people. Not missionary societies and missionaries, but evangeli­ cal Christians in Turkey, are to determine the position and duties of the latter; but it is desirable that a determination be made, intelligently, — as far as possible unitedly,— and that it be firmly adhered to. If evangelical churches are a necessity, how can they live if they do not multiply and grow? And how can they become strong and influential if educated, pious young men are kept out 40 Western Turkey Mission.

of them by the idea that they can be more influential for good by declining to join them? Whence are to come men to mould the character of the churches? and especially whence is to rise up the ministry needed, if not from such young men? “ The important question of a Theological Seminary in Constantinople is yet to receive its decision. May divine guidance be given for its settlement! What is the ministry wanted ? Is it to be one dependent on foreign support ? Within narrow limits, and for a time only, such support may be expedient; but can we hope for a ministry of the right sort, and a progressive spiritual movement, unless there be established a pastorate which is o f the people, fo r the people, and by the people ? A higher appreciation of the pastoral office on the one side, and an exhibition of its highest usefulness on the other, are needed to furnish attractive power for drawing the most promising young men into the ministry. Whether a training for the ministry is to be prosecuted in Constantinople or elsewhere, there are matters relating to the vital interest of evangelical Christian­ ity which require candid and careful consideration at this juncture of affairs. And first this: What shall be the influence on candidates for the ministry and on others who may be brought into the atmosphere which they must breathe during a sojourn in this city? “ Nearly thirteen years ago a Conference of Armenian brethren was held in Galata, the Minutes of which were printed and circulated with the Minutes of the meeting of the Bithynia Union of 1872. In that Conference, no missionary being present, the condition of Constantinople was one of the subjects consid­ ered. The whole discussion of that topic was in an excellent spirit, and the sentiments expressed are worthy of reproduction. Among the remarks made, the following is a report of what was said by the Broosa pastor: ‘ We [at Broosa] live near Constantinople, and have other relations with it. Its condi­ tion, therefore, strongly affects u s; and that influence is very harmful. Our brethren generally come to Constantinople full of spiritual life, and return from it empty. I f Constantinople were spiritually strong, it would be a mighty influ­ ence on the provinces, such as it was at the beginning. Constantinople Chris­ tians must be more zealous and warm-hearted. Let them bear the Spirit of C hrist: let them speak in the Spirit and live in the Spirit. Let individuals*- in Constantinople unite together as those born of one Spirit and as children of one Father: then will they influence the provinces for good. . . . I f each individual evangelical believer were in all respects what he is in name, the work [of the gospel] would then go forward.’ “ Those last are golden words. So also were other utterances in that meeting; for example, these of Mr. Sarkis M. Minasian : ' If the good elements can be gathered anew, and persons full of love, and a working body, can appear, Con­ stantinople will doubtless resume its pristine brightness. If in Constantinople there are only ten persons who will become such a working element, it is needful that they now, at this very time, unite together in order to work; otherwise, there is reason to fear that they will be scattered. What is wanted is not talk, but work. Let us then work, and expect success from the Lord on whom our hope is placed. I f we are faithful to him, he will undoubtedly be faithful to us.’ Central Turkey Mission. 41 “ In that debate deep sorrow was manifested over the fallen condition of the churches. Pastor Simon Eutujian said : ‘ The condition of the Constantinople churches is one of confusion and ruin. There are persons who do not know to which church they belong. Hence our first care should be reorganization ; then should we undertake means for a new awakening.’ “ How far there has been a change for the better in these thirteen years, and how far there is a call for a new effort for improvement in these particulars, it belongs especially to our native brethren to consider. We missionaries can do nothing but show a desire to be helpful in any suitable way that they may ask of us. We shall rejoice in seeing them receive all material aid that is needful. This we may expect will be forthcoming according as a moral guaranty is afforded to contributors that their contributions will realize that end for which they are given. And this guaranty is formed in the spiritual condition of the churches alone. Questions of organization have importance ; attention to them is, in our view, demanded now ; yet how much less important are they than the questions of the aim, the spirit, and the manner of the administration ! Other denominations are coming into this field with their money disbursements, their principles and policy. Some disturbing effect is produced thereby ; but may God forbid sectarian rivalry and unchristian antagonism ! May the churches cultivate a true charity and wise tolerance for the sake of internal peace and the preservation of strength ! Especially may they be clothed with garments of righteousness, and find the secret of wisdom and power in a Christ-like passion for immortal souls ! What will gain the Armenian people, in the highest sense, for Christ, but in some individual bosoms the yearning which in John Knox cried out, when on his knees, alone with God : ‘ Give me Scotland, or I die.’ The unanswerable argument for Christianity is a real Christian. The one solvent of all difficulties and overcomer of all obstacles is a truly Christian spirit. Let us seek the promotion of this in ourselves and in all others, and so act in reference to the many perplexing matters with which we have to deal as to insure the divine blessing, in which is all our trust!”

CENTRAL TURKEY MISSION.

A lN T A B .— Tillman C. Trowbridge, LL.D., Charles S. Sanders, Missionaries; Charles W . Riggs, Teacher; Mrs. M. R. Trowbridge, Mrs. Grace Sanders, Miss Ellen M. Pierce, Miss Henrietta West. MARASH.— Henry Marden, Thomas D. C h risti Missionaries ; Mrs. Carmelite B. Christie, Mrs. Etta C. Marden, Miss Corinna Shattuck, Miss Harriet N. Childs. Residing at Hadjin. — Mrs. J . L. Coffing, Miss M ary G. Hollister. Residing at Adana. — Miss Laura Tucker. In this country.— Giles F. Montgomery, Lucius O. Lee, Lucien H. Adams, Mrs. Emily R. Mont­ gomery, Mrs. N. D. Adams, Miss Charlotte D. Spencer. On the way. — Harris Graham, M.D., Miss Ellen M. Blakely, Miss Ella T. Bray. Two stations; 34 out-stations; 33 churches: 3,400 members; 226 received on profession; 7 mis­ sionaries ; 1 teacher; 1 physician; 16 female assistant missionaries; 15 native pastors; 13 preachers; 73 teachers; 15 other helpers. The past year has been one of many changes in this mission. Two devoted laborers have been called to higher service — Mrs. Lee suddenly, and Miss Brown 42 Central Turkey Mission. after a year of illness in this country. Mr. Lee was obliged to return in order to make' proper provision for his children. The health of his family, from whom be had been separated for a year or more, made it necessary for Mr. Montgomery also to leave the field for a time. Mr. and Mrs. Adams, who had for years lived quite alone in the southwestern portion of the Aintab district, have been con­ strained to seek a season of rest and change. The loss of so many from active service has seriously crippled the mission, compelled the suspension of the Theological Seminary, and made other changes necessary. The work of this mission has for some time past tended more and more toward higher Christian education, and the thorough preparation of an efficient native agency. The churches are so large and strong, in the charge of able pastors, as to require but little care on the part of foreigners beyond the kindly counsel, the encouragement and sympathy of the missionary. The College at Aintab, the Seminary at Marash, and the High Schools for girls at both of these cities take up much of the time and strength of the limited number of mission­ aries. Evangelistic work is carried on largely through joint conferences of missionaries and representatives of the churches, by methods differing somewhat in the two stations, but with a good degree of harmony and a healthful spirit of confidence in each other. Mrs. Coffing and Miss Hollister have occupied Hadjin, a most important centre of influence, on the slopes of the Taurus Mountains. The profound respect inspired by Mrs. Coffing, for her intrepid spirit, her self-sacrificing devotion to the intellectual and spiritual welfare of the people for whom she labors, is her best safeguard and protection. The bold mountaineers appreciate the beneficent character of her labors, especially for their women and children. Miss Hollister finds better opportunity for personal labor than when, as at Aintab, partially engrossed in literary pursuits. The result of missionary residence and labor at Adana in the steady growth and promise of the evangelical community furnishes another suggestive lesson on the value to a native church of missionary influence and sympathy in order to the best growth in Christian character and power. Plans are in progress for the establishment of a long-needed girls’ high school at this important centre on the great Cilician plain.

EDUCATION. Marash Theological Seminary.— A class of six was graduated on the eighteenth of June, whose faithful attention to study won the respect of their teachers. The small number of students for the coming year did not seem to the mission to justify the expense of the time and labor required of the instructors. The delay of a year may secure a larger number, including more graduates from the College. Mr. Lee lectured on systematic theology, and conducted the junior class nearly through Dr. Harris’s work on “ The Philosophical Basis of Theism.” Mr. Marden taught the same class in Hebrew and Greek. The senior class was under the instruction of Mr. Christie in homiletics, pastoral theology, history o f Christian doctrine, and logic. After such training, thorough and successful work in the ministry may be expected of these young men. Central Turkey Mission. 43

Central Turkey College.— The whole number of students during the past year was 142, from thirty different towns and villages, of whom sixty-eight are church members. Of these, twenty-one united with the evangelical churches of Aintab during the year. Nineteen students were in the medical department. It is expected hereafter that students will defray all their expenses for board and tuition, save some small grants-in-aid given to a few young men of special promise, who propose to enter the ministry. Through the generosity of a lady in England, the accommodations for the medical department have been enlarged, at an expense of over $3,000. The constantly increasing number of students makes a new dormitory a necessity at the earliest moment. If adequate quarters can be secured for the young men, it is believed that within a year the number of students will exceed 200. The fact that so large a proportion are Christian young men is of special significance in its bearings on the future of the work in this portion of the field. The Central Turkey Girls' College at Marash closed a very successful year on the second of July, with fourteen students in the College proper, four of whom were graduated, and with sixteen in the preparatory department. With the improve­ ments in the day-schools for girls, it is hoped soon to dispense with the prepara­ tory department, and to advance the charges for board and tuition. Nothing better illustrates the lively interest in the education of women in this part of Turkey than the congregation of 1,500 convened in the yard of the Third Church of Marash, on the fourteenth of June, to listen to the baccalaureate sermon to the graduating class, by Rev. Simon Terzegan. Better than all else is the report of the sustained religious interest in the institution, and the Christian training of these young women for places of influence. The Girls’ School at Aintab has had an attendance of fifty pupils, of whom twenty- three were in the boarding department. This school also has enjoyed a period of deep religious interest, till it has seemed that nearly or quite all of the first and second classes had been reached. Of the nine members of the gradu­ ating class, six were members of the church. The diligence and progress of the girls in study have been very encouraging to their teachers. A new and com­ modious building in a pleasanter quarter of the city is nearly finished, for the use of this school.

w o m a n ’ s w o r k . The Home in Hadjin. — The work of Mrs. Coifing and Miss Hollister has included the care of schools and Bible-women in eight different towns or villages, besides special labors in Hadjin. In the Home, under the immediate charge of the missionaries, were gathered twenty-one girls; in the High School twenty- six scholars of both sexes. As an illustration of the success of labor in this city, it is enough to refer to six graded schools with an attendance of 338 scholars — girls, 16 6 ; boys, 172. The Bible-women have given on the average forty-three lessons daily. Mrs. Coffing reports lectures to the women on Wednesday even­ ings during the summer, and the average attendance of eighty-seven women at prayer-meetings during the winter, and 144 in the Sabbath-school, besides sixty girls in the primary classes. Such is a brief notice of the great work in progress at this centre of Christian influence. 44 Eastern Turkey Mission.

At Adana a deeper interest in education was to be expected after the revival of two years ago. Miss Tucker reports the opening of three girls’ schools in October last: primary, second grade, and intermediate department, with one hundred pupils in all. The higher school for girls began with two, as it was to reach a class whom parents have usually considered as marriageable, and there­ fore too old to go to school. Miss Tucker and the pastor at once entered on a thorough system of visiting families, and on the third Monday morning nine­ teen promising girls were in attendance. Besides instruction in Bible-lessons, in arithmetic, physiology, and other studies, Friday afternoons were given to sewing. This branch of domestic work was soon after introduced into the lower schools. “ As many of the girls had never learned the use of the sewing or crochet needle,” writes Miss Tucker, “ when at the close of the term fifteen pretty zephyr shawls, looking like the product of fairy fingers, and sixty clean, neatly finished pieces of work, consisting of childrens’ dresses, jackets, hoods, sofa-pillows, and tidies, were ready for sale, it was thought a great success.” Of the more distinctively religious work. Miss Tucker speaks of a Bible-woman visiting daily from house to house, reading and conversing and holding meetings for prayer. “ Among those who could read we distributed lists of Bible-verses upon certain subjects. These they repeated at our monthly meetings. It proved an interesting and helpful exercise, and promoted a more systematic study of the Bible. Twenty of the more earnest Christian women devoted one day of each week to visiting their Armenian and Greek neighbors and talking with them of Christ. The verses that they had memorized were a great help in these efforts to do good. Hundreds of families were in this way visited and influenced to attend public worship. The work done in this way was always reported at ‘ Our Women’s Own Meetings,’ or at the monthly meeting.” It is hoped that Miss Tucker, left alone by the return to this country of Miss Brown, will soon have an associate to aid her in these most interesting labors.

EASTERN TURKEY MISSION.

ERZROOM. — Robert Chambers, William N. Chambers, Missionaries ; Mrs. Elizabeth L. Chambers, Mrs. Cornelia P. Chambers, Miss Hattie G. Powers. Thirteen out-stations.

H a r p o o t . — Crosby H. Wheeler, Herman N. Barnum, D.D., Missionaries; Mrs. Susan A. Wheeler, Mrs. Mary E. Barnum, Miss Carrie E. Bush, Miss Harriet Seymour, Miss Emily C. Wheeler. Sixty out-stations.

M a RDIN.— Alpheus N . Andrus, Caleb F ra n k Gates, John A. Ainslie, Missionaries ; M rs. Olive L. Andrus, Mrs. Ellen D . Ainslie, Mrs. M ary Ellen Gates. Twenty out-stations. Van. — George C. Raynolds, M.D., Missionary ; Mrs. Martha W . Raynolds, Miss L. E. Johnson, Miss Grace N. Kimball. Residing in Bitlis, but members of Van station: Royal M. Cole, Missionary ; Miss Charlotte E. Ely, Miss Mary A. C. Ely, Mrs. Lizzie Cole. Fifteen out-stations. In this country. — George C. Knapp, John K. Browne, Willis C. Dewey, Missionaries; Daniel M . B. Thom, M.D., Physician; Mrs. Alzina Knapp, Mrs. Leila Browne, Mrs. Seraphina S. Dewey, Mrs. L. H. Thom, Miss Clarissa H. Pratt. On the way to Harpoot. — Orson P. Allen, Jam es L. Barton, Missionaries ; Mrs. Caroline R. Allen, Mrs. Flora E. Barton, Miss Mary L. Daniels. Four stations; no out-stations; 36 churches: 2,219 church members; 115 added on profession; 14 missionaries, one of them a physician; 1 physician; 26 female assistant missionaries; 27 native Eastern Turkey Mission. 45

pastors; 31 preachers; 124 teachers; 50 other helpers; 13 high schools, including the college, with 378 pupils; 5 girls’ boarding schools, with 178 pupils; 142 common schools, with 4,320 pupils; whole number under instruction, 5,367.!

An unusual number of changes have occurred in the mission force the past year. After fifteen years of valuable service, Miss Van Duzee, greatly to the regret of the mission and the Prudential Committee, has transferred her relations to the Presbyterian Mission in Persia; Miss Sears, as the wife of Rev. J. F. Smith, and Miss Wright have removed to Marsovan. Messrs. Browne, Dewey, and Thom, with their families,- accompanied by Miss Pratt, have come to this country for a season of rest and recreation. Despite the urgent call for men to supply pressing needs at Bitlis and Van, no new missionaries have been secured ; but Mr. Cole, at a good deal of personal inconvenience, has removed from Erzroom to Bitlis to supply the place of Mr. Knapp, who is obliged by the state of his health to take a longer furlough. The mission, so much reduced in numbers, will give a hearty welcome to the three new laborers on the way. There has been nothing of special interest the past year, beyond the divisive efforts of the Baptists, encouraged by the Baptist Publication Society of this country. Their labors are thus far almost wholly confined to the evangelical communities of the Erzroom and Harpoot fields. The result is to distract and divide these little communities, feeble before, and struggling painfully toward the support of their own schools and churches. Not less injurious is the tendency to paralyze, to a great extent, all aggressive work for the evangelization of the old communities, and to bring reproach on the Protestant name. The imme­ diate result is to add to the necessary expenditure of the Board in this quarter, if the work is to be kept up as in former years. The moral right of another religious body to come in and reap the fruits of many years of toil and expend­ iture may well be questioned, to say nothing of the discourtesy of crowding into a mission field already fairly supplied with evangelical agencies. In spite of all embarrassments, an advance in the work in general is reported. Two new churches have been organized, making 38 in a ll; and 115 new mem­ bers have been added on confession of faith, so as to make an aggregate of 2,219. Pecuniary contributions have been remarkably well sustained, consider­ ing the great poverty of the people. These are reported as amounting in all to $8,627, exclusive of what has been paid for board and tuition in the college at Harpoot.

STATIONS. Erzroom. — This station has had an unusual amount of trial to endure the past year. Besides trouble with Baptist agents, there has been no little persecu­ tion, both by the old Gregorian community at different points, and in one marked instance by the Turkish authorities because of the steadfast loyalty of a Turk who had embraced the gospel, as he said, “ because the gospel is true, and I heard its voice saying, ‘ Come to me.’ I came, found the truth, and am a Protestant.” He was at once bound and thrown into prison. In the midst of his sufferings, the last message reported from him was : “ Fear not for me. I

1 Including some not enrolled in schools. 46 Eastern Turkey Mission.

have found Christ, and even in prison I rejoice in my Saviour.” The end is not yet. This man, with others, may be called to lay down his life that the gospel may be made free to his countrymen. A t another point, where large audiences gathered to listen to the gospel, the native preacher was arrested and thrown into prison. Colportage is also greatly hindered by government officials. The readiness of the people to listen to the truth and to become acquainted with it has excited the most strenuous opposition. Work among the women has suffered from the withdrawal of Miss Van Duzee. There is much, however, to encourage to the most vigorous effort, especially in the employment of trained Bible-women. Hargoot. — This station, much reduced in missionary force, has received a strong accession by the graduation of six from the Theological Seminary— “ all true men,” writes one of the missionaries, “ and, as we believe, vessels unto honor, and meet for the Master’s use.” Far too few were they for the places needing, and importuning for, their services. They had all seen years of service previous to, and during, this course of study. The result in the well-developed, disciplined character of these men demonstrates the value of combined practical and mental training in preparation for the ministry. The present class of six now in the seminary are all college graduates — a valuable contribution from the college at Harpoot to the ministry. Under the direction of Miss Bush, Bible-women have made a great advance in efficiency and general character during the year. Twenty Bible-women are asked for the coming year, at an expense of a trifle over $10 each. The character of their service commends them particularly to the members of the mission. The present effective force in this field stands as follows: 16 pastors, 18 licensed preachers, 63 teachers, and 25 helpers. One of the most interesting features in regard to the work of this station is the spirit of hearty cooperation existing between the native and American, laborers. The present membership of the 23 churches is something over 1,500, with a net gain during the year of 50. The average congregations in 60 places amounted to 6,207, with an average attendance in 42 Sabbath-schools of over 4,200. The religious condition of the churches has suffered somewhat with the increasing use of wine, and to some extent, also, of fermented liquors, in evan­ gelical communities. It is something, however, that vigorous protests are made on the part of loyal temperance men, and it is to be hoped that an effectual check may be made to this plague. Notwithstanding crushing impoverishment, the churches and communities of this station sustain a noble record for generous contributions to Christian objects. The aggregate sum received the past year is reported at $5,364. This sum represents largely the free-will offerings of a hungry people, such is the general destitution in this field. Some in nearly all the communities accept tithes as the lowest Christian measure of giving. Interesting instances might be given of the spirit of self-sacrifice and loyalty to Christ exhibited in this field. The educational work of the station, besides the ordinary hindrances from the indifference, and still more from the poverty, of the people, suffers also from the Eastern Turkey Mission. 47 influence of Armenian and Catholic free schools. A decided effort has been made of late by these communities to head off Protestantism by the institution of free schools, with free textbooks and other strong attractions. While to many a school is a school, and a free education a prize not to be too narrowly scanned, and while the allurements of these endowed schools are of the strongest character, the fact that the mission schools have not simply held their own, but made a notable gain, is a source of special satisfaction. In one city where priests and nuns are most zealous to draw away scholars, the average number in mission schools now exceeds 200 paying scholars, and the number is steadily increasing. The average attendance in seven high schools of this station the past year has been thirty in each. The average attendance in seventy common schools, 2,409, while 320 students have been enrolled in different departments of the college. The latter institution is a great success, and is doing an immense work for the general enlightenment of the people. Some difficulties in the way of educational work are found in the quality and quantity of textbooks to be had in the schools. Another hindrance is the brief average period of attendance in the common schools. The necessity of taking out pupils that they may help meet the necessities of the families to which they belong, and early engagements in marriage, are no slight hindrance. Still the good work goes on. With some sources of anxiety and some hindrances, yet the station rejoices in what is being accomplished, and looks forward bravely to the future. Van. — The missionary force in this field has continued at low-water mark the past year, Dr. Raynolds being the only male missionary on the ground for a portion of the time. After Mr. Knapp left for America, Mr. Cole generously consented to remove from Erzroom to Bitlis, and by his presence and efforts has done what he could to keep up the work in that portion of the field. There is little to encourage in the state of affairs in the city of Van itself. The church is small and weak, and though there has been but little growth during the year, it is hoped that there is some improvement in the feeling of the evangelical com­ munity toward the Board and its missionaries. The attitude of the non-Protestant community in Van is largely that of entire indifference to all religious truth, at least to anything beyond the mere outward observance of customary forms. In some of the out-stations a better feeling is reported, especially in some of the villages. Two boys’ schools have been maintained in the city, with a fair measure of success. They have had to struggle against much opposition, but seem to be steadily gaining in favor. In work for women, Mrs. Raynolds, with enfeebled health, has been quite alone, yet has had opportunity of giving lessons to some of the women and larger girls, and held meetings for the women, besides maintaining a Sabbath- school class. A wide door is open in Van for woman’s work. The Girls’ Boarding School has steadily grown in favor and interest an^png the people. It has had during the year sixty regular pupils, of whom fifteen are boarders. The larger part of the pupils are from the old community. The school is divided into four classes. A recent public examination excited great interest in the community, and the work of the ladies in charge was highly commended, especially by a prominent Armenian priest. 48 Eastern Turkey Mission.

At Bitlis the Misses Ely have bravely held on their way, notwithstanding some peculiar trials and hindrances. Their school continues with unabated interest, and young women are thus prepared for work in many homes who would other­ wise be given up to ignorance and superstition. It is justly entitled to be called the Mt. Holyoke Seminary of Kurdistan. Mr. Cole finds much to encourage, both in Bitlis and in the numerous out- stations. This field is white for the harvesting, and greatly needs more mission­ aries. The most earnest representations have been made for two years past to secure two missionaries, one for Bitlis and one for Van. It is hoped that another year will not pass without a supply for this field — large, destitute, and yet not without promise. Mardin. — The Mardin station, with its twenty-one out-stations and seven churches, has received an accession of thirty-two persons on confession of faith during the year. The graduation of five young men of promise from the Theological Seminary of Mardin will add greatly to the working force of this station. The twenty-one preaching-places are supplied by seventeen pastors and preachers, there being six schools for boys and nine for girls. The census of the twenty-one places occupied gives the following population : Syrians or Jacobites, 15 ,6 10 ; Papists, 9,595 ; Armenians, 2,245; Chaldeans, 7,850; Jews, 1,805 '> Moslems, 93,740. Mr. Gates and a native pastor were appointed by the Association of Churches to prepare a report of their mission field, especially with reference to the extension of the work and the ability of the people to support Christian institutions. The following extract from their report made to the association gives the summary of the work within this field : — “ In general we can say that the congregations give evidences of growth and improvement in religion, in knowledge, and civilization, such as to afford us a firm hope for their future development. The beginnings of work in this field were made in Mosul forty-four years ago, but it is only within the last thirty years that the work has extended to other places. During these years 2,127 souls have been gathered into Protestant congregations; seven churches have been organized, with 312 members; 703 scholars have been gathered into our Sabbath-schools, and 650 boys and girls now receive instruction in our day- schools. “ It is an occasion for regret that the church attendance is only 1,16 3, or about one half the total number of Protestants, and that the Protestants still form so small a proportion of the Christian population, and are still so far from self-sup­ port ; and yet, when we review the history of Mardin station, and see that sick­ ness and changes have left, much of the time, only one missionary to care for this wide field, we are moved to say : ‘ This is the Lord’s doings, and it is marvelous in our eyes.’ ” The visit of Mr. Gates to Mosul last winter was attended with very happy results. 0 The question of the occupation of this city causes much perplexity to our missionary brethren. The difficulties of a permanent residence there by any foreigner are great, and there seems as yet to be no way open to the satisfactory occupation of the place by the mission. Yet something has been done there, and the influence of the evangelical work has been felt by others than by M ar at ha Mission. 49 Protestants. A prominent man among the Jacobites said to one of our brethren : “ You missionaries think you have not done anything in Mosul. It is not true. You have laid a good foundation. Through your influence many of the old superstitions and customs have been removed from our church. Your teachings have pervaded our church and prevented us from becoming altogether like those Catholics.”

MARATHA MISSION.

B o m b a y . — E d w a rd S . Hume, Justin, E. Abbott, Missionaries; Mrs. Charlotte E. Hume; Native Pastor, Tukaram Xathuji; Editor, S. D. Kukade.

A h m e i >n a (;a r . — Lemuel Bissell, D.D., Robert A . Hume, Jam es Smith, Missionaries; Airs. Marv E. Bissell, Mrs. Maud Smith, Miss Katie Fairbank, Miss Rubv E. Harding, Miss Sarah ). Hume; Theological Instructor, Rev. R. Y. Modak. W a d a le . — Samuel B. Fairbank, D.D., ¿Missionary.

R a h u r i .— In charge of Dr. Fairbank. SlRUR. — Richard Winsor, Missionary, Mrs. Mary C. W insor.

S a t a r a . — Henry J. Bruce, Missionary ; Mrs. Hepzibeth P. Bruce. SlIOLAPUR. — Charles Harding, Lorin S. Gates, Missionaries; Mrs. Elizabeth D. Harding, Mrs. Frances Anna Gates. In this country. — William O. Ballantine, M.D., Arthur D. Bissell, Missionaries; Mrs. Josephine L . Ballantine, Mrs. Ellen A . Bissell. Seven stations; 9 1 out-stations ; 12 missionaries, one of them a physician ; 12 female assistant mis­ sionaries ; 14 native pastors ; 17 preachers ; 1 editor; 34 Bible-readers ; 1 medical catechist; 19 Bible- women ; 12 1 teachers ; total native helpers, 207 ; 23 churches ; 1,593 members.

Mr. and Mrs. Winsor and Mrs. Smith returned to the mission field near the close of the last year. Dr. and Mrs. Ballantine will soon be on the way; Dr. Ballantine returning to his former field of labor as an ordained missionary after two years in Andover Seminary, and Mrs. Ballantine going out for the first time to India. The following report will indicate the past year as one of more than ordinary growth and success in this mission. There has been a growth in character on the part of young Christians, and greater zeal in Christian service. The statis­ tical tables show a substantial increase in nearly every column. The whole number of persons received on profession of faith to the churches was 16 1, the net gain of communicants 135, or more than nine per cent, of the whole member­ ship at the beginning of the year. The whole number of communicants now reported is 1,593. There has been gratifying increase in the contributions of several of the churches. By the graduation of a class in the Theological Semi­ nary, the number of licensed preachers has been increased from 6 to 13 . There are 14 more school-teachers and 3 additional schools. The number of Sunday- schools also has increased from 40 to 53, and the number of pupils from 1,435 to 1,668. The church in Ahmednagar now numbers over 300 communicants, in charge of two pastors who jointly carry on the work of the church. The additions to this church during the year was 61, the largest number ever before received in a single year. Most of these were from the Christian schools, though 50 Maratha Mission.

not all the children of Christians. It is an interesting fact that parents who are not themselves Christians are beginning to bring their children to the mission­ aries, saying, “ Educate these and teach them Christianity. If we do not become Christians ourselves, we wish our children to become so.” This marks a great change in popular sentiment. Without an extended report of the individual churches, it may be observed that eighteen out of the twenty-three report additions on confession of faith during the year. What is specially gratifying to notice is the greater interest shown by individual church members in making the gospel known to the heathen around them. In Bombay, for example, companies of two and three individuals are found visiting different parts of the city. The young men of the church distribute tracts, and in that way help to disseminate the truth. It is now three years since the churches undertook to support their pastors without any assistance from the mission. The result has been eminently favor­ able to the Christian life of the churches, and there is no disposition to recede from the advance which has thus been made. It is well understood that the Maratha Mission is quite in advance of other missions in Western India in developing a true spirit of self-help in the churches. Recently a member o f another mission which had enjoyed a special work of grace in the conversion o f large numbers, after seeing something of the church work at Bombay, remarked: “ There is more hope for the future in one such self-supporting church than in a thousand new converts.”

EDUCATION. The Theological Seminary at Ahmednagar is steadily gaining in numbers and influence. It was in session the last year during five months. The rest of the year the young men were engaged in work in the different districts. The number of students was twenty-one, and, as was the case the last year, the wife of one of the students studied on several subjects with the young men. The wives of the other married students attended Mrs. Bissell’s daily exercise for women. It is felt that the wives of the preachers need thorough religious instruction and training in the common things of Christian life in order to their future largest influence. The mission high school, in charge of Mr. Smith, reports an average attendance in December last, of 107. The government has rendered generous assistance to this school in contributing 10,000 rupees toward the erection of necessary buildings. This institution is offering advantages of higher education to a class of young men not hitherto reached. With opportunities

WORK AMONG THE WOMEN. Mrs. Bissell reports the faithful labors on the part of Bible-women in her care. A very tender, earnest spirit seems to pervade the hearts of these native Bible- women, and it is believed that they are becoming more and more influential as a means of carrying the gospel to the homes of the people. Many interesting instances might be given to show the value of these labors. Not unfrequently the Bible-women secure access to the homes of parents whose children attend the girls’ schools. In this way companies of Brahman women are sometimes met, and hymns and Christian songs learned in the school are often sung in home circles. Thus, little by little, the minds of thousands, otherwise unreached, are opened to the influences of the gospel.

MEDICAL WORK. Though Dr. Ballantine, the physician of this mission, has been absent during the year, a good deal of medical work has been done. The mission dispensary 5 2 Madura Mission.

at Sholapur has been kept up, in charge of a medical catechist. Thelwork o: the dispensary is not only appreciated in the city of Sholapur, but in the' villages round about to the distance of more than a hundred miles. The number o: patients treated last year amounted to over 10,000.

PUBLICATION DEPARTIRENT. The most important publications of the year 1884 were the weekly Anglo- Maratha paper of sixteen royal octavo pages, — the Dnyanodaya, — which has just completed its forty-third year. A native gentleman of Bombay says of this paper that it is one of the most effective evangelistic agencies. Another paper, the Balbodh Mewa, a young people’s magazine of sixteen pages, is edited by Mrs, E . S. Hume. The Bombay Guardian says of it : “ Nothing could exceed the beauty of the get-up of this monthly. Its illustrations and letter-press are a feast to the eye as well as to the mind.” This monthly goes into native circles where the gospel was never preached before. The success of this magazine is largely due to thé generous help of the American Tract Society, which has frequently furnished electrotypes of great value for its use. The Religious Tract Society of London has furnished paper at half-price, and thus contributed to its success. The Columbian press, in charge of Mr. Bruce at Satara, has been busy as usual in various forms of publication, from tracts to small volumes. The foregoing statements indicate the character of the work that is being car­ ried on in this mission field — not without opposition and many hindrances, yet with a good degree of success, and to the encouragement of the devoted men and women in this part of India. Still, with all that has been accomplished, a great work remains to be done. The number of missionaries is quite inadequate. The only method of meeting successfully the demands of this field appears to be through the education of a well-trained body of native teachers and preachers. Institutions to this end have already been established, and if means can be furnished to sustain them properly, and to provide for the employment of the young men and women who shall be trained in them, we may hope for a rapid advance in the work of evangelization.

MADURA MISSION.

BATTALAGUNDU.— John E. Chandler, Missionary ; Mrs. Charlotte M. Chandler, Miss Gertrude A. Chandler; Native Pastor, M. Davasagayam. DlNDIGUL. — Edward Chester, M.D., Missionary; Airs. Sophia Chester; Native Pastors, J. Bolton, A . Clark.

M a d u r a . — John P. Jones, Missionary; Mrs. Sarah 15. Capron, Mrs. Sarah A. Jones, Miss Eva M. Sw ift; Native Pastors, A. G. Rowland, J. Cornelius.

M a n u a j ’a .s a l a i . — William S. Howland, Missionary; Airs. Mary L. Howland; Native Pastors, D. Christian, M. Eames, M. Thomas. M a n a M a d u r a . — Albert H . Burnell, Missionary; Mrs. Abbie S. Burnell. MELUR. — George H . Gutterson, Missionary; Mrs. Emma W . Gutterson. PASUMALAI. — George T . W ashburn, Missionary; Mrs. Eliza E. Washburn; Native Pastor, A . Barnes. Madura Mission. 53

PERIAKULAM. — Joseph T. Novcs, Missionary; Mrs. Martha J. Noyes; Native Pastors, S. Isaac, C. Williams, E. Seymour. P A L A N I. — Hervev C. Hazen, M issionary; Mrs. Hattie Hazen; Native Pastor, C. D. Wethamattu. TlRUMANGALAM. — Janies E. Tracy, Missionary; Mrs. Fannie S. Tracv.

T i r u p u y a n a m . — In charge of J. E. Tracy. In this country. — James Herrick, John S. Chandler, Missionaries ; Mrs. Elizabeth H. Herrick, Mrs. Jennie E. Chandler, Miss Henrietta S. Rendall.

On the way. — Jam es C. Perkins, M issionary; Mrs. Charlotte J. Perkins, Miss Mary P. Root, m .d. Eleven stations; 240 out-stations (“ village congregations ”) ; 35 churches: 2,908 church members; 233 additions on profession of faith; 13 missionaries — one a physician; 17 female assistant mission­ aries— one a physician; 18 native pastors ; 143 catechists; 257 teachers; 19 Bible-women; 151 common schools: 3,654 pupils; 10 station boarding schools, with 401 pupils; Pasumalai Collegiate and Theological Institute, 136 pupils; 12 Hindu girls’ schools, with 518 scholars; whole number of pupils in all schools, 4,709.

The only change in the mission force during the year just closed is the visit to this country of Mr. and Mrs. John S. Chandler, after nearly twelve years’ service in India. Mr. and Mrs. Perkins and Miss Root are on the way to supply in part the need of reinforcement— the latter with special reference to rendering assistance to Mrs. Capron.

EVANGELISTIC WORK. This has been carried on much as of late years by the missionaries in cooperation with faithful pastors in charge of churches and catechists in care of village congregations and schools. The wives of some of these pastors and catechists are very efficient in laboring among the women of the congregations. The first communicant from Hinduism was.baptized in 1836. Two more were received in 1839. At the close of the first twenty-five years, 1,203 persons had been admitted to the churches on profession of faith. At the close of the present year the total number thus admitted from the beginning amounts to 4,898. The present number of communicants in regular standing is 2,908, of whom 233 have been received on confession of faith during the year. The communicants of these churches are the real strength of the mission. Growth in the churches is sure and permanent. A good degree of Christian life is manifest, leading to careful discipline and watch over church members. Much, of course, depends in every case on the spirit of the catechist or pastor. The mission notes with interest the growth of a spirit of benevolence, notwithstanding the abject poverty of a great proportion of the people ; but those who have enough for food and clothing are often quite liberal. Mr. Jones writes : “ A very pleasant kind of benevolence among them is in the form of thank-offerings. They quickly see the divine hand in every blessing, and express their gratitude in this form of offerings. One church member, on finding employment, gives a thank- offering ; a child is restored to health, and the grateful parents bring their tribute of love.” As illustrative of the type of Christian life and the means used for its development, is the following, also from the pen of Mr. Jones : “ In connection with my pastors I have of late visited and had prayers in every family connected with us in the city. I am glad to find that the large majority of them conduct family prayers. Their houses are neat and comfortable, and exhibit thrift and prosperity. They try in various ways to lead their Hindu neighbors to accept Christianity.” 54 Madura Mission.

The recognition of Christian congregations, and so bringing them under Christian instruction, has constituted a very important feature of evangelistic work, and it is from these adherents, at first nominal, that have ultimately come large accessions to the churches. The proportion of communicants to such adherents has been rising, from one ninth in 1853 to more than one fourth in 1884. It is much to induce people to give up their idolatrous practices and put themselves under instruction. Of late years the custom has been introduced of gathering the Christians of neighboring communities together for large popular meetings. Such meetings develop confidence in those who bear the Christian name, and exert a wholesome moral influence on the heathen around. They supply in part the lack of festivals, to which the people have been accustomed in their heathen state.

EDUCATION. Of late years the different schools have been submitted to government inspec­ tion. This inspection has brought them into greater uniformity than ever before, and has done much to raise the standard of education. As the result of inspec­ tion, quite large sums have been received from the government in the form of grants-in-aid to schools whose pupils have passed the requisite examinations. No complications have yet arisen from this arrangement to embarrass our work. The theological class at Pasumalai has consisted of but six young men, but a beginning has been made in thorough instruction, and it is hoped that many of the young men trained in the High School at Pasumalai will be prepared to enter in due time on theological studies, and for more efficient work in the ministry. A little more than a year ago, Mr. Jones opened an English High School in the city of Madura, which has had an average attendance of 350 pupils. The pupils include the sons of many of the best and most influential members of the Hindu community, more than half of them being Brahmans. The Bible has been taught regularly, Mr. Jones himself taking the classes three times a week. There has been a marked growth among the students in Biblical knowledge, as well as in reverence for the Bible. The fees and grants from the government have thus far covered the salaries of the teachers. A similar school has been established at Dindigul, in charge of Dr. Chester; and beginnings have been made at some other points. Through these schools it is hoped to reach the higher classes in the community, care being taken always that the purely evangelistic purpose shall not be lost sight of in mere education. There are at present eleven boarding schools in the mission — nine station boarding schools and two mission seminaries. The pupils in the station board­ ing schools are selected from the advanced scholars of the common schools, and are supplying a body of educated young men and young women to the Christian communities. The mission boarding school for girls, at Madura, has had an attendance of seventy-three pupils the past year, of whom eleven have united with the churches in the city, and others are proposing to join churches in their native villages. It is proposed to establish a normal department in this school, in order to prepare girls more efficiently to become teachers. At the close of the year there were twelve Hindu girls’ schools, — schools to reach the girls of the higher classes, — with an attendance of 518 pupils. Of Madura Mission. 55 one of these schools at Dindigul, Dr. Chester writes : “ There is no doubt that the Hindu girls who have studied there make better wives and mothers, to say nothing of the direct religious influence that has been, and is being, exerted upon them.” BIBLE-WOMEN. Nineteen Bible-women have been employed at the various stations during the year. This work for Hindu women, of comparatively recent date, has grown into one of the most important departments of evangelistic work. Some of the Bible-women prove themselves to be faithful, earnest laborers for Christ. Of one of these Mr. Tracy writes : “ She was a woman who seemed to gather into her life graces and sweetnesses which are born of Christianity. In her home and among her neighbors she exemplified the best that Christianity has yet accomplished for woman. To say that she was a model for native women is only to say what all who knew her felt; her monument will yet be seen when time shall bring into the Lord’s service the children whom she trained in Christian nurture and consecrated to him in humble, fervent prayer. Many a heathen woman came to her stricken family with expressions of sympathy, saying only between their sobs, ‘ O Mother, golden Mother ! ’ ” Such lives as hers are the best and most convincing evidence of the power of the gospel. Our space forbids reference to many details of interest. It must suffice to quote from the report of the work in Madura from the pen of Mrs. Capron : “ Seven Bible- women with three assistants, in all ten workers, have been employed during the year. We have had under instruction 883 women, of whom 335 have been reading the Bible. Eight women have died; 143 have moved away; 72 have left for various causes, leaving 660 with us, of whom 255 are reading the Bible. Of the 143 who have moved away, 80 have carried their Bibles with them. There have been visited 851 houses where we have no learners, and 19,370 listeners have had the Bible read and explained to them.”

MEDICAL WORK. The total number of cases treated this year in the Madura and Dindigul dis­ pensaries was 58,406, of which 21,256 were new cases, or those going for the first time to the dispensary. Through the efforts of Dr. Chester a large number of the catechists have received medical instruction and are now rendering doubly valuable service at various stations. Through their efforts missionaries are relieved from no little of the responsibility and anxiety hitherto felt in the care of the sick among the school-children in Christian families. A number of Christian young men are now prosecuting their medical studies with the expectation of entering on such labors.

TOURING. The great increase in the number of congregations requires more and more tours by missionaries. In stations where the Christians live, in from fifty to a hundred different villages, it is practically impossible for the missionaries to see all the Christians often; and in those stations where there are native pastors, the pastors are able to help greatly in this work of supervision. The value of such 56 Ceylon Mission.

visits can hardly be overestimated. The native brethren living in the midst of heathen need to be cheered and encouraged by such visits and by such words of instruction as they can only receive from a loved and honored missionary teacher. Not only are native Christians strengthened in their faith and service, but many of the heathen are thus brought to some acquaintance with the truth, and many a man, apparently listless and indifferent at first, afterward finds his way into Christian congregations. In connection with this work may be mentioned the use of reading-rooms and the sciopticon. Reading-rooms have been established at various points, which are much frequented. Mr. Tracy, in writing of the sciopticon, says: “ I have used it everywhere when the weather would permit, and from a record which I have kept, know that over 10,000 persons have been reached by this means.” In connection with these various agencies should be mentioned the distribution of the Scriptures and other publications, as well as of two newspapers — one semi-monthly and one monthly — published at Pasumalai.

CEYLON MISSION.

B a t t i COTTA. — Eurotas P. Hastings, Ij .d ., Missionary; M rs. Anna C . Hastings, M iss Kate E . H astings; Native Pastors, B. H. Rice, A. Bryant, S. John. CHAVAGACKERRY. — In charge of R. C . Hastings ; Native Pastor, T . P. Hunt.

M a NEPY.— In ch arge of the Misses Leitch ; Native Pastors, F. Asbury, W . P. N athaniel. OOKOOVILLE. — William W . Howland, Missionary; Mrs. Susan R. Howland, Miss Mary Leitch, Miss Margaret W. Leitch; Native Pastors, H. L. Hoisington, X. Welsh. PAXDITERII’O. — In charge of the Misses Leitch. TlLLIPALLY. — Thomas S. Smith, Missionary; Mrs. Emily Maria Smith; Native Pastor, J . S. Christmas. OODOOPITTY.— Richard C . Hastings, Missionary; Mrs. Minnie B. Hastings, Native Pastor, D. Stickney. In this country.— S. W . Howland, Missionary ; Mrs. Mary E. K. Howland, Miss Susan R. Howland. Seven stations; 16 out-stations; 13 churches; 1,189 church members; 5 missionaries; 9 female missionaries; 11 native pastors ; 4 licensed preachers; 22 catechists ; 38 Bible-women ; 3 colporters ; 8 other helpers; 15 boarding school and college tcachers; 482 teachers of day-schools; pupils, 8,872. [The substance of this report is taken, often verbally, from the elaborate report rendered to the mission last spring by Rev. Dr. Hastings.]

This mission comprises seven principal stations, lying, with the exception of Chavagacherry, north and west of Jaffna town, and includes the seven islands on the west and southwest of the peninsula. It covers about 160 square miles, and contains a population of 150,000 souls. It will be seen that this is a small field, with a small population, as compared with other mission fields in India. Indeed, the entire mission is less than a single station in the Madura mission. It has been thoroughly and carefully worked. It has evangelical agencies of the most varied character so complete in form as to bring the gospel home to every household within the entire mission field. It has a college, partially endowed, for the education of its young m en; it has two boarding schools for girls; it has arrangements for the education of young men for the ministry; a training Ceylon Mission. 57 and an industrial school to prepare young men to become teachers, or for a business life ; it has 138 English, Anglo-Vernacular, and Vernacular day-schools, with an attendance of 8,332. It has 13 churches, 11 of which are in charge of native pastors, with a membership of 1,189. Besides pastors, it reports 4 licensed preachers, 22 catechists engaged in evangelistic work, 3 Bible-readers and colportors, £ other assistants, 15 teachers in boarding schools, and 38 Bible-women. Such is the sum of agencies employed for the thorough evangelization of this field. The results, though not all we could desire, are such as to lead us to expect that we may soon pass over the entire work into native hands. Already the college is nearly self-supporting, aided only by a small fund in this country. The Girls’ School at Oodooville has now become independent of mission aid, with the exception of the salaries of its American teachers. For schools, nothing is asked of the Board save a small sum for two or three girls’ schools. It is hoped that it may not be necessary to add to the missionary force now in this field, but that, as one or another missionary is withdrawn in the order of Providence, the work may be passed over more and more into native hands. The results of this experiment will be of interest to all friends of missions. The work was begun here when India was practically inaccessible, and once begun, it has seemed best to finish, in order that the results might be of value, not only to the people themselves, but as a contribution to the history of missions.

EVANGELISTIC WORK. Pastors, preachers, catechists, colporters, and Bible-women, all engage in this department of labor, and to some extent also teachers in the boarding schools. The object is to instruct all classes of the people in the great truths of divine revelation, and to impress on their minds the importance of these truths and their obligation to receive them. Whatever means seem calculated to promote this object are adopted. Interesting details might be given from the reports o f catechists and pastors, but a few incidents only can be cited. The pastor at Panditeripo says : “ We meet with less opposition than formerly. Idolatry is encouraged by people when in companies ; but when we meet them individually and talk to them about it, they are ready to admit its folly.” It is obvious that through these multiplied agencies the truth is thoroughly made known, and that there are many inquirers in all portions of the mission field, Lome of whom are already accepted as candidates for admission to the church. In regard to these inquirers Miss Leitch remarks that “ those who attend these inquiry classes become known in their schools and homes as inquirers, and by often meeting and praying together, they become a band of friends to encourage each other.” And she expresses the hope that with God’s blessing they will see before the end of 1885 an inquirers’ class formed in every day-school, and that from these schools a large number may be gathered into the church. It is hardly needful to add that there is a wide distribution of books and tracts of all kinds. From the single book depository at Manepy there were issued the past year nearly 14,000 books of all kinds— the larger part, indeed, school- books, but nearly 6,000 copies of the Bible, and portions of Scriptures and other religious books. 58 Ceylon Mission.

The large number of Bibie-women employed forms an important agency in the prosecution of evangelical labors. As illustrative of this work may be quoted the following from Mrs. Smith, of Tillipally : “ The Bible-readers teach in the forenoon, and go from village to village every afternoon, and collecting the women together, hold meetings in twenty villages. The great interest of our work lies in the willingness of the women of all classes to learn to read for them­ selves. There are 261 mothers and grown-up daughters of the farmer caste who are reading, or learning to read, the Scriptures. Last year we had 9 Brahman women learning; now 22.” At Oodooville one of the Bible-women reports from the 75 houses in her field, containing about 500 persons, that many of the young Avomen show a desire to read, and some request her to teach them. The Misses Leitch report 10 Bible-women under their superintendence, and 190 women and large girls in their village homes regularly learning assigned lessons from the Scriptures. THE CHURCHES. The thirteen churches of this field are associated in an ecclesiastical body, composed of missionaries, native pastors, preachers, and delegates. This body exercises no ecclesiastical authority over the churches, but is simply advisory. Each local church manages its own affairs of finance, discipline, and fellowship. Nine of the churches are entirely self-supporting. The aggregate contributions for all objects from purely native sources the last year was 5,876 rupees — nearly $2,500. It is noticeable that a large number of those received to the churches on profession of faith are from the schools, as at Oodooville, where, of the fifteen who were received to the church, fourteen were from the boarding school. Connected with the different stations there are over fifty Sunday-schools, con­ taining about 2,750 scholars. The children attending these schools are chiefly from the English and Vernacular day-schools. The International Lesson Series, translated into Tamil, is used in all these schools, and in some of them considerable attention is given to teaching the children Christian songs.

EDUCATION. The expense of the educational work is now largely met by grants-in-aid from the government. These grants are given after a thorough examination of the schools, and are given in proportion to the number of pupils who pass the gov­ ernment standards of examination. The amount thus received from the govern­ ment the past year was 19,578 rupees; 1,500 rupees were received by the Oodooville Seminary, and 842 rupees by the Oodoopitty Boarding School, and 2,065 rupees by the Training School. These grants-in-aid from the government, supplemented by tuition fees, meet almost wholly the expense for education. Of the six students in the theological class, four are graduates from Jaffna College. This institution is thus preparing the way for an educated Christian ministry. The number of students in the college, as last reported, was 62.

CONCLUSION. In view of the amount of work that is done in this mission, and the extent to which the gospel is made known through these varied agencies, nothing seems Foochozv Mission. 59 lacking but special influences of the Holy Spirit to complete the work now begun. There are difficulties in the way — from the influence of Romanists, from the various forms of idolatrous worship, and from the old prejudices which have come down from generations past. Then there is the influence of Western ideas — scepticism and materialism— to be contended with; yet withal, there is the gospel at work in the minds and hearts of this people, and it is to be hoped that the day is not far distant when the labors and prayers of the devoted men who have toiled in this field — Spaulding and Poor and Sanders and others— shall be realized in the triumph of the gospel.

FOOCHOW MISSION.

F o o c h o w C i t y . — Caleb C. Baldwin, ]).!>., George H. Hubbard, Missionaries, Mrs. Harriet F. Baldwin, Mrs. H. L. Peet, Mrs. Nellie S. Hubbard, Miss Kate C. Woodhull, M.D., Miss Hannah C. W oodhull.

FOOCHOW S u b u r b s . — Charles Hartwell, Simeon F . W oodin, Missionaries; Miss Ella J. Newton, Miss Elsie M. Garretson. SHAO-W U. — J . E . W alker, Missionary ; Mrs. Ada E. Walker. In this country. — Mrs. Sarah L. Woodin. On the w ay.— Henry T. Whitney, M.D., Physician ; Mrs. Lurie A . Whitney. Three stations; 27 out-stations; 14 churches, including 11 in out-stations : 284 members, 43 received this year; 5 missionaries ; 1 physician; 9/emale assistant missionaries,including 1 physician; 1 native pastor; 3 native preachers ; 6 teachers; 4 other helpers; x boarding school for boys : 28 pupils; 2 for girls : 31 pupils; 12 day-schools ; 215 pupils.

The last year is a marked one in the history of the Foochow Mission, and calls for special mention and grateful praise. The intense excitement caused by the battle between the French and Chinese in the Min River seemed for the time to threaten the complete cessation of missionary labor and the overthrow of much which had hitherto been gained. But this danger was averted, and, by the results of the war, our work has been furthered in many ways. The Chinese have learned to distinguish Americans from other foreigners, and have become more deeply convinced of the friendly aim and feeling of the missionaries. On the whole, despite temporary checks and uncertainties, the work of the year has been quite as successful as that of any previous year, and the opportunities for the future are more numerous and promising than ever before. The mission has been greatly strengthened and rejoiced by the large accessions to its working force, quite doubling the number of laborers in the field. Miss Garretson, transferred from the North China Mission, joined them October 19, and on Thanksgiving evening, November 27, Mr. Woodin returned from this country with the new reinforcements — Mr. and Mrs. George H. Hubbard, Mrs. Peet, formerly of this mission, and Miss Dr. Kate C. Woodhull and her sister, Miss H. C. Woodhull. Under this new impulse the work of the mission has gone forward with great earnestness and good success; and one of the natural results of this partial reinforcement has been to make more evident the need of still further enlargement, adequately to meet the growing work. Dr. and Mrs. Whitney have spent the year in this country, with great benefit to their health, 6o Foochow Mission.

and will rejoin the mission during the coming year. To provide for the full manning of the mission, so that evangelistic work which promises large results may be duly pressed, and the members of the mission not be overwhelmed with work, three new missionary families — one that of a physician — are urgently called for immediately. The field which this mission occupies remains unchanged, and opens to evangelizing agencies one of the most vast and populous regions of South­ eastern China. It includes the following distinct portions: ( i) Foochow City and suburbs with near districts on the south; (2) the city and district of Chang-loh extending to the se a ; (3) the city and district of Chang-fuh, south­ west from Foochow; and (4) the prefectural city of Shao-wu, 250 miles up the Min River, with a large and populous district adjacent. The missionary force has resided in Foochow City and in Ponasang, one of its suburbs ; but it has been decided to reopen Shao-wu as a place of residence and to push the work in that region more systematically.

CHURCHES AND CHAPELS. Preaching has been regularly maintained in the city church by a native preacher assisted by the missionaries, and the attendance has averaged about ninety each Sabbath morning. There have been four additions to this church within the year, one from the Training School. The suburban church has been under the preaching and pastoral care of its native pastor, Mr. Nga, and has gathered an average of seventy-five at its Sabbath morning services. The people have paid four months of the pastor’s salary and have contributed $ 2 1 for the church poor. In the several churches and chapels through­ out the field of this mission the work has beeli maintained and some fruit gathered in. But evidence is abundant that the missionary force is not yet sufficient to secure the requisite supervision of the field and of native preachers, and a concentration of effort at hopeful and promising points. Particularly does the field in and around Shao-wu need more constant and systematic working and oversight. Pastor Ting, at Yang-fuh, has labored with great patience and self- denial, and this church has received more than one third of the entire number added to all the churches of this mission. There are sad cases of error and defection, but more examples of fidelity and the true spirit of Christian self- denial and humility. There are cheering proofs that if the evangelistic work be pressed with steadiness and energy a great harvest of souls may soon be gathered in. EDUCATION. The Training and Boys' Boarding *School, under the special charge of Mr. Hartwell, assisted by others,, has accomplished a good year’s work. This school serves two ends: it is a theological school to supply preachers to the native churches and for evangelistic work ; it is also a high and normal school to prepare students for theological study and teachers for day-schools. There have been twenty-eight pupils in attendance during the year, varying in age from ten to twenty-five years, all of them Christians or from Christian families. Five have united with the churches, and three have gone out as teachers. Four of Foochow Mission. 61

the present class pay all their own expenses except tuition. More room and a new building are needed properly to accommodate this school. The Girls' Boarding School, under Miss Newton’s care, has enjoyed a year of prosperity, especially marked by the accession of Miss Garretson to the teaching force. Twenty-five pupils have been in attendance, of whom five — all Christians — finish their studies this year, and are prepared to carry to as many different places the leaven of the gospel and of the larger intellectual life they have gained ; two have united with the church, and several others give evidence of conversion. A prize offered for the best essays on a given theme, and con­ tended for by the first class in the boys’ and girls’ schools, was equally divided, the boys excelling in the style, the girls in the thought, expressed. The girls, with scarcely an exception, are from Christian families, and have their feet unbound. Eight of the former pupils have been teaching day-schools the past year. Very encouraging progress has been made this year in the day-schools. There are five of these in Foochow and its suburbs, under the direct superin­ tendence of the ladies of the mission, all of which have been well attended by boys and girls, and are very prosperous. As evidence of their success it may be noted that the Chinese authorities, having been stimulated to imitate this style of work, have lately given public notice that they also will open “ free, or charity, schools ” for boys from eight to sixteen years of age, “ fatherless boys ” to be specially provided for, and that there is to be a regular system of promotion under superior teachers. The two schools in Chang-loh City have been taught by former pupils of Miss Newton’s school, and have gathered twenty-one and twenty-five pupils respectively, the number of girls in the last school being twelve. In the other schools of this district forty pupils have been gathered. One school has been maintained in Yang-fuh and one in Shao-wu. These day- schools are centres of religious influence, feeders to the higher schools at Foochow, and avenues through which many families and wide districts may be hopefully reached. Sabbath-schools are maintained in connection with each of the churches at Foochow and the suburbs, and for a time in two or three near villages, under the superintendence of the mission.

w o .u a n ’s w o r k . Much of what properly belongs here has already been presented under other heads, as the women of the mission are actively engaged in its schools and in all its direct evangelistic work. The usual work in the city, in the suburbs, and in . the country at large has been carried on, full of interest and not without precious fruit. A new feature has been added in a school for women, under Mrs. Peet’s care, where mothers, accompanied by their children, can learn to read and understand the Scriptures, and be trained in better ways of keeping the house and the children. It is not expected to gather more than ten, and six have already come. MEDICAL WORK. Dr. Whitney’s absence has crippled this department not a little. Dr. T. B. Adam has been in medical attendance at the hospital, and the dispensaries have been under native assistants, who have rendered excellent service. Two hun­ 62 North Chijia Mission.

dred and eighty-six patients have been treated. Many of the soldiers wounded in the engagement on the Min River were brought to the hospital for surgical treatment, and a twofold benefit was thus realized from the skill and from the kindness of the foreigners. Dr. Woodhull’s time thus far has of necessity been chiefly given to the language. She was, however, sought out by patients the very day after her arrival, and has, in several instances, visited patients in their own homes. It has been deemed best for her to reside in the city and to open a dispensary there, as there is no other foreign physician resident within the city walls, and there is every reason to expect a great enlargement of our medical work and of the religious work which accompanies it, in consequence of this arrangement. The members of this mission have given most cordial welcome to the new­ comers and every possible aid ; and the new members have taken their places naturally and addressed themselves to the work with the happiest spirit and the most excellent results. I f this mission is duly reinforced, we may well expect a great enlargement of all our work, and a most important contribution to the advancing power of the kingdom of Christ in China.

NORTH CHINA MISSION.

K a l g a n . — Mark Williams, William P. Sprague, James H. Roberts, Missionaries; Mrs. Isabella B. Williams, Mrs. Margaret S. Sprague, Mrs. Grace L. Roberts, Miss Naomi Diament, Miss Virginia C. Murdock, M.D. PAO-TING-FU. — Isaac Pierson, Missionaryj Mrs. Flora J. Pierson. PEKING.— Henry Blodgett, D.D., Missionary ; Willis C. Noble, Assistant Missionary’ , Mrs. Sarah F. R. Blodgett, Mrs. Willa J. Noble, Miss Ada A. Haven.

SHANTUNG.— H em y D . Porter, m .d ., Franklin N. Chapin, Missionaries; Albert P. Peck, M.D., Missionary Physician; Mrs. Elizabeth C. Porter, Mrs. Flora M. Chapin, Mrs. Celia F. Peck, Miss M ary H . Porter. T IE N T SIN . — Charles A. Stanley, Henry P. Perkins, Missionaries. TUNG-CHO.— D. Z. Sheffield, Harlan P. Beach, Missionaries; Mrs. Eleanor W . Sheffield, Mrs. Lucy L. Beach, Miss Mary E. Andrews, Miss Mary Anna Holbrook, M.D. On the way. — E . E . Aiken, Missionary; Charles P. W . Merritt, Physician; Mrs. Anna C. Merritt, Miss Jane E. Chapin. In this country.— Chauncey Goodrich, Arthur H. Smith, Missionaries ; Mrs. Ursula Stanley, Mrs. Sarah B. Goodrich, Mrs. Emma J. Smith. Six stations; 26 out-stations; 14 ordained missionaries— one a physician; 2 physicians and 1 assistant missionary, not ordained; 23 female missionaries, including 2 physicians; 7 churches: 869 members; 162 received on profession this year; 1 theological school: 9 pupils; 1 boarding school for boys; 21 pupils; 2 boarding schools for girls; 34 pupils; 9 common schools; 153 pupils; 12 native preachers; 6 catechists; 19 other helpers. The record of the past year in the North China Mission is one of steady growth, of faithful and fruitful work along every line of missionary effort. Despite the almost constant rumors of war and the consequent excitement and distrac­ tion of the public mind, there has been no serious interruption of the work at any point; and in some respects the position and influence of our missionaries have even been improved by the military events of the year. A larger number has been added to the native churches upon profession of faith than in any single North China Mission. 63 year since this mission was established; certain of the stations, as Kalgan and Shantung, have been remarkably blessed ; and the spirit of inquiry and of earnest attention to the gospel was never so deep or widespread or hopeful as to-day. That leavening of the minds of the people with the truths of the gospel and confirmed confidence in the messengers of the gospel, which must precede any general prevalence of the Christian faith, is going forward steadily and with accelerated speed; and the promise is most cheering that the time of wide and numerous ingathering to the Christian ranks is drawing near. The schools of the mission have been well attended, and the work in them vigorously sustained. A class of nine has just graduated from the Training School at Tung-cho, of whom eight were examined at the annual meeting of the mission and licensed to preach. The beginning of a native pastorate, reinforced from thoroughly trained men, is thus just at hand, and marks with most hopeful signs.the advent of a new era and a decided advance in all our evangelistic work in China. The detailed report of educational work will be given in connection with the statements for the separate stations of the mission. The report of the year as to the missionary force is depressing. In October Miss Garretson left the Kalgan station to join the mission at Foochow. In October Mr. Smith and family, of the Shantung station, were obliged to leave the country in quest of health. Mr. and Mrs. Goodrich, of the Tung-cho station, having completed the year’s labor, have returned to America for a needed sea­ son of rest. Miss Pierson, of Pao-ting-fu, accompanied them with her little niece, for whom she is seeking medical treatment. Mr. Ament and family, of the Peking station, having likewise completed the year’s work, have left the mission to care for an aged mother in America. Mr. and Mrs. L. D. Chapin, finding that the health of Mr. Chapin has not been restored after a sojourn of two years in this country, have felt constrained to resign their connection with the Board and have been released. Miss Diament, of Kalgan, has spent the year at Peking in consequence of the absence of Miss Chapin in America; while Dr. Peck and family and Miss Pierson, of Pao-ting-fu, have spent the best working half of the year at Pang-chuang. No missionary or assistant missionary has been sent to this field during the year; and only one assistant missionary, Miss Evans, has returned to this field. One ordained missionary and one missionary physician are now on their way thither. Miss Chapin is also returning to her important work at Peking. The mission called for twelve men last year. When these facts are all taken into view, and it is remembered to how many millions we are here bringing the gospel, the wide and fruitful field and the paucity of laborers in it become occasions for profound anxiety and urgent prayer. Several things conspire to draw very special attention to this mission. The Chinese government is about to inaugurate a system of railroads which will thread the very districts we occupy and join this mission to the Shanse Mission on the west and to Foochow on the south. No one can foresee the results of this step, but it must tend to quicker thought, to open the Chinese mind to truth, to prepare the way of the gospel far and wide. We are upon the eve of greater changes in the Chinese Empire than it has witnessed before since the beginning of the Christian era. And this period of revolution and social and economic 64 North China Mission.

transformation is the golden hour for our Christian work. It would be wise and statesmanlike to double our working force in the mission within the next five years, and to prepare ourselves to gather in the measureless harvest that will so soon be ready for the sickle.

STATIONS. Kalgan. — At this station it has been a year of anxiety from rumors of war, but also of unusual spiritual fruits. At the March communion twelve were received to the church, and twenty-one during the year— a greater number than in any previous year of the station’s history. Among these was a young Mongol, Bo-yin-to, the first fruits from this tribe; and the earnestness of this man's faith seems to open the way for further and hopeful work among this interesting people. The force of this station has been unchanged, except that Miss Gar- retson was released to go to the Foochow Mission, and Miss Diament was xvith- drawn to Peking to assist in the Bridgman School, in Miss Chapin’s absence. Preaching has been regularly maintained in the two chapels in the city, and in the several out-stations. Touring has been energetically prosecuted to Yii-cho and vicinity, to Mongolia, and the cities of Northern Shanse, with good fruits in persons baptized, new localities opened to preaching, and the discovery of an open and populous and very needy district in Northern Shanse. The mission at its annual meeting voted to favor steps looking toward the enlargement of the missionary force at this station, in order to make immediate and effective use of the opening for work among the Mongols furnished by the conversion of Bo-yin-to and his earnest interest in behalf of his people. This field is virtually unoccupied, Mr. Gilmour, of the London Society, being the only mis­ sionary of any name among the Mongolians. The nomadic habits of the Mongols and the severity of the winters on their plains make Christian work in their behalf more difficult; but we ought carefully to observe the indications of divine Providence leading us to undertake this work. The Girls’ Boarding School, with an attendance of seventeen different pupils, has suffered by the withdrawal of the teachers; but Mrs. Williams has stepped into the vacancy with great energy, and the prospect of a new building gives reasonable hope for enlargement and good results. The Boys’ Day School has flourished as usual, with an average attendance of eighteen pupils, and its teacher has at length united with the church. A school at an out-station seventy miles from Kalgan gathered twenty boys between ten and sixteen years of age for four months. The station class has numbered four, all Christians, three of them uniting with the church this year. The medical work has suffered by reason of the war, but proves itself an important ally of the evangelistic work. Pao-ting-fu. — The year has been marked by sickness among the children of the station, and the death of Dr. Peck’s oldest son, Carleton. Health considera­ tions seemed to require that Dr. Peck and family should try the effect of a residence elsewhere, and upon the departure of Mr. and Mrs. Smith for America, in October, they removed to Pang-chuang, and remained the rest of the year. Mr. Pierson has received much needed relief and help at different times during the year from Messrs. Beach, Perkins, and Chapin. On the first of August, 1884, North China Mission. 65 Miss Hale became Mrs. Pierson, and Miss Pierson assumed the special duties from which Miss Hale was thus withdrawn. But the health of her niece required the daily counsel of a skilful physician, and so Miss Pierson, with her niece, accompanied Dr. Peck to Pang-chuang, and in May brought her to America for treatment by a specialist. In spite of these changes and discouragements, the work has been pressed forward with most commendable energy and with good success. It is cheering to record that the native helpers, with one exception, have proved most willing and useful, and by their patient fidelity have done much to supplement the loss of missionary laborers. The native church has been pruned by judicious discipline, with the loss of three members, and, as a natural consequence, with the gain of fourteen members by profession and one by restoration from discipline. The plan of pledged weekly contributions has been adopted, the children having their part in it, with the result of tripling the amount hitherto given; and the discovery of this unsuspected power has suggested to the church that they begin to support their own preacher, for at least a part of the year. The Girls’ School has been discontinued, owing to the depletion of the mis­ sionary force. The Boys’ School has numbered nine, and reports a prosperous year. Five boys from this station are in the Preparatory School at Tung-cho, and one young man has just graduated from the Theological School at Tung-cho, and is now ready for service at home. The station class, maintained for four months and a half, had an average attendance of fourteen, the largest number present being twenty-four. The course of study has been mainly the memoriz­ ing of Scripture, the Gospels in harmony, and fifteen chapters of the Acts. Three of the class have joined the church, and several others have become deeply interested in the truth. A young barber, converted in connection with chapel and street preaching, has been in this station class, and goes next year to the Theological School at Tung-cho. Woman’s work has of necessity suffered most severely by the withdrawal of so many laborers; and while Mrs. Pierson and the Bible-women have exerted themselves most constantly, we cannot expect to see this important work in Chinese families thriving as it ought until more laborers are appointed to this station. There is abundant room for two unmarried ladies to employ all their time and their best gifts, in addition to all that the married ladies of the station can do. Owing to the small force, but little touring has been done by the members of the mission; the native helpers, however, have spent 577 days in the field, traveling 5,200 miles, and keeping well up the communications between the central station and all the preaching-places hitherto established. Peking. — The withdrawal of Mr. and Mrs. Ament leaves this station unusually weak in force, and deprives the Board of the services of two most useful laborers. The new South Chapel was finished and opened July 14, 1884, and has proved a great addition to the missionary agencies of the city. For three months morn­ ing and evening services were held with large attendance, and often the chapel was open seven hours every day. The audiences in the North Chapel have continued unchanged despite the war. The attendance at the domestic chapel 66 North China Mission.

has been unusually large, sometimes more than could be seated; and the Sabbath-school has been full. Two tours have been made by the missionaries, and Mr. Ament spent five months visiting the preaching-places in the country. There is need of pressing this work much more systematically and vigorously than has been possible hitherto; and it seems plain that a great harvest is now ready to be gathered. The Boys’ School has had an attendance of ten pupils, and the station class has gathered seven, two of whom have been baptized during the year. Much literary work has been done within the past year by Dr. Blodget, which will be both of immediate service and of wide and lasting value. The new Creed and Covenant of our churches, the Responsive Readings of Scripture by Dr. Storrs, a modified form of the Book of Common Prayer, have been brought out in Chinese for the native churches. The Scriptures are also to be translated into the simplest form of the written language in China, the easy Wen, which is the same in every province and district of the empire — a most impor­ tant step and involving the widest consequences. Shantung. — This station has suffered a great loss in the return to the States of Mr. and Mrs. Sm ith; it has also enjoyed a special blessing in the coming of Dr. Peck and family, as well as in the visits of several other missionaries during the year. Touring has been prosecuted with great steadiness and most excellent results. Five tours were made by the missionaries to Hsia Chiu, one to Li Chai Tsai, and one to Min Cho T ien ; eleven tours by native helpers were made to Ho Chia Tun. Preaching has been regularly maintained at the two principal chapels with good attendance; but perhaps the most effective preaching has been done at the dispensary waiting-room, and on special invitation of inquirers in the villages. School work has gone forward with good success. The building of a schoolhouse and the proposal to support a teacher in it, in one village, all from native resources, is a very encouraging sign. A station class was formed by promising a certain supply of food, and seven came, — one seventy-six years old, — and the four months’ study was hopeful in results. A step forward has been taken by licensing six of the r&tive assistants to preach, after most careful examination by a committee of the North China Association according to the method prevalent in this country. The next step, a native pastorate, must presently come. A fund from the gifts of native Christians is gathering with which to build a chapel at Pang-chuang; $70 are already in the treasury for this purpose. The special growth of the year has been at the village Ho Chia Tun, thirty miles south of Pang-chuang, chiefly under the lead of the most promising member of the station class, whose home is there. Messrs. Smith and Porter and Miss Porter have labored here; and as a result forty-two have been bap­ tized, many others are inquiring, a great zeal for Christian education is mani­ fested, and after a full year’s steady interest the spirit of inquiry is still deep­ ening and extending. In three other places there are numerous inquirers, and some families ready for baptism. One young man, twenty-seven years old, North China Mission. 67 walked 270 miles to find the missionaries, spent a month studying with them, and returned home to tell his friends of the new faith which he had embraced. The work for women has gone on with the same wise planning and energetic prosecution as heretofore, with very marked results. The Christian women are taught in reading and singing and prayer, and the Christian household is begin­ ning to appear. Twelve women in the nearest village have been received into membership, and twenty-nine women and girls in all. A new winter class was formed, giving to as many women and girls as could be accommodated a month’s instruction, the class then giving way to a new class for the next month. In this way thirty-two women from twelve villages were taught, each twenty-five days; and a new world of thought and hope and Christian love opened to these needy souls. A Sunday afternoon gospel-service for women, attended by from forty to seventy, has been conducted by Miss Porter; and the Sabbath-schools for girls have been well maintained. The day of redemption for Chinese women seems to be dawning in Shantung, and who can forecast its peaceful, glorious fruits ? Tientsin. — Amid war disturbances and reduced force the work has prospered, and more additions to the church are reported than in any previous year except those following the famine. As a great port of entry and business centre this station enjoys some advan­ tages and encounters decided difficulties. The chapel is attended by men some­ times from places 300 or 400 miles away, and in winter the preaching is thus likely to reach to the most distant points, through merchants and other travelers. Two native helpers have done most of the preaching the last winter. There was a quickening of interest after the Week of Prayer, resulting in the reception of seven to church membership, and contributions more than twice as large as last year from the native Christians. The Boys’ School has numbered twenty- eight pupils — all that can be accommodated. The station class has been main­ tained with interest. Less touring than usual has been possible because of the limited force at the station; and some of the Christians at these out-stations seem to be growing lukewarm ; but on the whole they are steadfast and some inquirers are found ready for baptism. A very interesting case is reported of a Romanist family, rejecting the errors of Rome and desiring baptism, in the village of Ching Shau Tou, seven of whom were at last baptized, and others are ready to follow their example. Tung-cho. — Chapel-preaching has been maintained five days each week, by mis­ sionaries and the native helpers, with an attendance of from fifty to seventy, where much seed has been sown and some fruit gathered in. Tours have been made in the vicinity of Tung-cho by missionaries, — men and women, — and three of the graduates of the Theological School are to devote themselves to this country work, the native Christians pledging the cost of their homes as far as possible. Less evangelistic labor is possible at Tung-cho because of the important educa­ tional institutions which are located there. Woman’s work has been carried on in schools and in visitation from house to house. Two classes of women have been trained in the best ways of teaching the Bible and drawing souls to Christ. Prayer-meetings have been maintained in 68 North China Mission.

homes in six different parts of the city. Two Bible-women have given their full time for ten months to visiting in the city and nearer villages, making ninety-five visits and instructing continuously fifty-six women and girls. In all ways, thirty- nine women and forty-one girls have been under instruction. The Sunday preaching-service averages eighty in attendance. The church has gained seven­ teen new members, and has freed itself from three unworthy members. A tem­ perance pledge has been signed by all the theological students and most of the native Christians. A Missionary Society has been maintained, and twenty- five dollars have been contributed to aid theological education in the Zulu Mission.

EDUCATION. The year has been marked with features of especial encouragement in the work of higher education. Nine young men of Christian character and culture and promise — all but one from our own mission — have completed the theolog­ ical course in the Training School at Tung-cho, and now are ready to give most efficient help in the several stations from which they come. In the absence of much needed recruits from this country, it is no small compen­ sation that eight native Christians, of gifts and training, are thus added to our missionary force. One of their teachers says : “ These eight men will for the present be worth as much to us as twice their number of Americans, ignorant of the language and people.” The Preparatory School has had an attendance of twenty-seven, gathered from the different station classes in the mission, and the work of the year has been earnestly and successfully done. It is proposed to raise the standard for admission, and to make the early studies more Biblical. The Bridgman School for girls at Peking has suffered from the absence of Miss Chapin in this country, although Miss Haven and Miss Diament have done most faithful and able work. This school has gained an established reputation, and is fully equipped for its work. It is the Female Seminary of the mission, and receives those who have been prepared in the station schools for girls. This year the number of pupils has been smaller by seven than it was last year, but very excellent work was done. Three of the pupils have married Christian hus­ bands, and thus are bringing the healing of their culture and character to the very springs of national life. The pupils generally provide their own clothing, and no new pupils are to be admitted who do not do this. A steady religious interest has been maintained, and three of the girls have united with the church. There were twenty-one pupils at the close of the year, the average for the year being 22.6. These schools are general, belonging to the whole mission, and are well cal­ culated to serve the needs of the mission in providing educated pastors and teachers. The station schools have been named in the reports of the respective stations, and the work they do is of very great importance and value. While the whole work of education is subsidiary to the primary work of evangel­ ization, it is very intimately connected therewith, and almost of necessity springs up immediately, and grows with the growth of Christian faith and life. It is a matter of grateful mention and inspiring hope that these schools for boys and girls are so largely attended, and prove so firm an ally to the rising native church. Hong Kong Mission. 69

MEDICAL WORK. This department of our work in China is steadily expanding, and its value is becoming more apparent from year to year. Nothing seems to overcome the Chinese suspicion of foreigners so quickly as treatment at the hospital and the benefits of the dispensary. The number of patients treated by our four missionary physicians the past year is nearly 10,000, and the openings thus made for the gospel are always helpful and sometimes striking in the last degree. It is said that in Shantung the most impressible audience the mis­ sionary ever addresses is the group gathered at the dispensary, like those of old at Bethesda’s pool, for the healing of their many infirmities. Not a few of the most interesting and hopeful inquirers come from hundreds of miles away, attracted in the first place by some healing wrought, or some gospel word brought by one who had been healed. We are not likely to overestimate the value of this branch of our missionary service, or to reinforce it too energetically. The publications of the year, according to Mr. Noble’s report, number 93,400, including Scriptures, textbooks, catechisms, hymnbooks, reports, commentaries, tracts, etc. CONCLUSION. It has been a year of anxiety, of diminishing forces, of faithful labors, of rich and unexpected blessings, and of steady gains. The truth is making a deeper impression, our work is better understood, and our men more respected and loved. And best of all, Christ is winning his place at length in China’s heart, and slowly but surely the New China that is about to rise is putting on his truth, and becoming instinct with his life, and adorning itself with his great salvation.

HONG KONG (SOUTH CHINA) MISSION.

HONG Kong.— C. R. Hager, Missioriary. Two churches: 21 members, 9 received during the year; 3 schools : 170 pupils; 4 native teachers; 3 helpers; 3 colporters.

This mission was inaugurated with special reference to employing in the most effective way for the evangelization of the empire the Christian Chinese who return to the mother-land from their temporary sojourn in America. It was hoped that by establishing a Christian centre at Hong Kong, in churches and schools under the superintendence of a wise and capable man, the evangelizing influences brought back from abroad might be concentrated and brought to bear in some direct way upon the Christianization of the cities and villages in the province of Kwang-tung, from which nearly all the foreign emigration proceeds. Mr. Hager’s work has been directed to these ends, and, with the aid of Mr. Jones and of a few Chinese helpers, an educational and evangelistic movement has been prosecuted with commendable diligence and patience, and some positive fruits have been realized. Three schools have been maintained, with 170 pupils in all. Nine persons have united with the churches during the year. 7 0 Shanse Mission.

Mr. Hager has made several tours into the interior, and has thus done something in the way of personal influence, preaching, selling Scriptures and tracts, and awakening an interest in the truth. Mr. Jones has gone among the Chinese, lived in their homes, eaten their food, and through this nearer contact has won his way to the confidence and hearts of many. It is hoped that after a temporary absence in this country, Mr. Jones will return to this field. Three years’ experience seems to show that Hong Kong is not the best place for the centre of any important missionary work, and that the precise object in view at the inception of the mission is not likely to be realized. It seems probable that it will be deemed best to modify the plan and aim of the mission in some respects, and enter upon direct evangelistic labor among the unvisited populations of Kwang-tung and the adjacent parts, such as we are carrying on elsewhere in China. The native Christians who come home from foreign lands will be invited to cooperate in this work as far as possible, and it is hoped that their efficient service will make needless the usual number of foreign laborers in principal stations. A training school for the preparation of native laborers, and an efficient superintendence of such native laborers, belong naturally to the w'ork proposed.

SHANSE MISSION.

T a i - k u . — Charles D. Tenney, Ireneus J. Atwood, Dwight H. Clapp, Missionaries; D. E. Osborne, M.D., Missionary Physician; Mrs. Annie R. Tenney, Mrs. Annette W . Atwood, Mrs. L. H. Clapp, Mrs. Mary M. Osborne. FEN-CHAU-FU. — Martin L. Stimson, Missionary; Mrs. Emily B. Stimson.

The year just closing in the history of the Shanse Mission is full of changes in the missionary force. Early in the year, at his own request, with the approval of the mission, Mr. Cady was transferred to the Japan Mission. In consequence of the rapidly failing health of Mrs. Price, who was not in thoroughly good health when she went out to the mission, it became necessary for Mr. Price with his family to remove to the coast for special medical treatment. After a brief residence there, with the advice of all the physicians whom he could consult, he brought his family to this country. The prospect of his return being uncertain, it seemed best that his connection with the mission should be terminated, greatly to the regret both of the officers of the Board and of the members of the mission. These losses, falling upon the mission unexpectedly, have seriously affected the spirit with which the work of the year has been done. The coming to the mission of the new recruits has, however, in a measure compensated for these losses. Mr. and Mrs. Clapp and Dr. and Mrs. Osborne, after spending the winter at Tientsin, and making very good progress in the study of the Chinese language, arrived at Shanse early in A pril; and letters since received express the great satisfaction with which the new-comers have at length found their home and place of work. The main work of the year has of necessity been devoted to the acquisition of the language, and very good results are reported. The members of the mission are already able to converse readily with the Chine.se, and to speak in public Shanse Mission. 71

with some degree of facility. Their acquaintance with the language has been improved and also put to the test by the touring of the year. For three weeks in the early part of the year, Mr. Stimson, with a Chinese helper, made a tour through Chieh-Hsiu, taking with him portions of the Scripture, Martin’s “ Evidences,” and other books and tracts for sale, wherever sales could be effected. Writing of this tour, Mr. Stimson says : — “ I greatly enjoyed the trip, receiving nothing but kind treatment everywhere, and everywhere finding men glad to purchase and willing to listen. I sold several New Testaments and Dr. Martin’s ‘ Evidences ’ to gentlemen and scholars, who generally seemed gratified to meet with them. I believe there is a spreading but quiet interest among the literati as to the foreign doctrine, its contents, and the source of its power over the great peoples which accept it. From the time I left Tai-ku until I entered its boundaries again, I do not know that I was but once called after with opprobrious epithets, and then by boys who were quickly reprimanded by their parents. This quietness and safety among all the rumors of war with a foreign people is most gratifying and a reason for great thankfulness.” In the course of this tour Mr. Stimson had opportunity two or three times to engage in public discussions with Chinese scholars and teachers, and was able to maintain his part in the discussion with fair success. Mr. Tenney also reports a tour of a week in length made to a small town among the mountains southeast of Tai-ku. His trip was intended to serve the purpose of exploration as well as of evangelization. He reports the mountaineers as in general ready to listen to the truth, and more receptive than the people on the plain. Traces of the opium-habit were everywhere very marked, and accord­ ing to the accounts of the people themselves this habit is almost universal. One of the greatest obstacles which Christianity is likely to encounter among these peoples is the fearful prevalence and power of this habit. At Tai-ku, Sunday services have been regularly maintained through the year, and weekday services occasionally, at the missionaries’ home. The preaching- service on Sunday has been conducted in turn by the missionaries of the mission, and the audience has consisted mainly of the people in their employ, together with the patients on the place and a few people from the city. The Bible-class in the afternoon has proved the means of awakening an interest in Christian truth on the part of at least a few of those who have attended. In addition to these more public religious services, the patients gathered for treatment by Mr. Atwood have enjoyed a daily service for worship and instruction, Mrs. Tenney taking the women and Mr. Atwood instructing the men. No communicants can be reported as yet in this mission, although there is a considerable number of inquirers, and some seem to be ready for baptism and church membership. The work of the mission is evidently taking effect. The missionaries are gaining the confidence of the people and the way is steadily preparing for abundant fruit in the not distant future. No school has yet been opened in this mission, partly because the study of the language has occupied the chief part of the missionaries’ time and strength, and partly because the demand for instruction has not yet appeared. It is thought that the pupils who could now be gathered would only be drawn by the prospect 7 2 Japan Mission. of food and clothing, and that but little, if any, real good would result from the attempt. When preaching begins, and the people gain greater confidence in the foreigners, a better class of pupils can be gathered and better results realized. It is an evidence of the confidence with which the mission looks forward to this result that they have already made a call for an unmarried woman to be sent out to be ready for this work when the time is ripe. The medical work of the mission has been in the hands of Mr. Atwood as hitherto, and seems to have been one chief centre of interest throughout the year. The number of cases treated has been about the same as in previous years, and the opportunities of access to the people by these benefits of healing are quite as marked in this mission as elsewhere in China. The coming of Dr. Osborne will put a new face upon all this work, and with the greater system which he will be able to introduce, and the devotion of all his time to this department of work, we may expect greater results from this time onward. At the recent annual meeting it was decided to open a new station at Fen- chau-fu, a city of large population southwest of Tai-ku, where a fruitful work is promised. It is to be hoped that this division of forces will result in the more energetic prosecution of all missionary work, and the wider reach of evangelistic agencies. The situation in this mission at the close of the year is thus one of increased forces, more aggressive measures, and brightening prospects. May the guidance and abundant blessing of the Lord be upon the brethren throughout the y e a r!

JAPAN MISSION.

K i o t o . — Daniel C. Greene, D.D., J . D. Davis, D.D., Dwight D. Learned, M . L. Gordon, M.D., D.D., Chauncey M. Cady, M. L. Gaines, Missionaries; Mrs. Mary J . Greene, Mrs. Sophia D. Davis, Mrs. F. H. Learned, Mrs. Agnes H. Gordon, Miss Anna Y. Davis, Mrs. Louise W . Gaines, Mrs. Y. Neesima, Miss Eliza Talcott, Miss Virginia A. Clarkson. KOBE. — J. L. Atkinson, Missionary; De Witt C. Jencks, Assistant Missionary; Mrs. Carrie E. Atkinson, Mrs. Sarah M. Jencks, Miss Julia E. Dudley, Miss Emily M. Brown, Miss Susan A. Searle, Miss Franpes Hooper, Miss Effie B. Gunnison.

O k a y a m a . — Otis Cary, Jr., Missionary; M rs. Ellen Maria Cary. OSAKA. — Wallace Taylor, M.D., J. H. De Forest, John T. Gulick, George Allchin, Missionaries; Mrs. Mary F. Taylor, Mrs. Sarah E. De Forest, Mrs. Frances A. Gulick, Mrs. Nellie M. Allchin, Miss Fannie A. Gardner, Miss Abbie M. Colby, Miss Adelaide Doughaday. In this country. — W illiam W . Curtis, Jam es H . Pettee, Missionaries; Rev. J. H. Neesima, Corre­ sponding Member; Miss H. Frances Parmelee, Mrs. Isabella W . Pettee, Miss Martha J. Barrows, Miss Mary E. Gouldy. On the way. — John C . Berry, M.D., Physician; Mrs. Maria E. Berry. Four stations; 50 out-stations; 30 churches; 14 missionaries, 2 of whom are physicians; 1 other physician; 1 other assistant missionary; 1 corresponding member; 28 female assistant missionaries; 19 native pastors; 18 preachers and colporters; 28 churches: 2,752 church members; 1,027 additions on profession; average number in Sabbath-schools, 2,080.

With the exception of two men to labor in the English department of the Training School at Kioto — Mr. Gaines, with his family, reported last year as on the way, and Mr. Cady, transferred from the Shanse Mission— and Miss Gunni­ son, there was no addition to the working force in this mission during the year. Japan Mission. 7 3

To the most urgent appeals for reinforcement, both of men and women, to improve opportunities rare in the history of missions, there was no response. In the meantime, some of the missionaries, overborne by their labors, sought a brief rest by a visit to China, and others were compelled to return to this country ; yet the work has gone on steadily, increasing in interest and volume, suggestive of results that await vigorous effort from a larger number of laborers. Mr. Neesima, who has spent the year past in this country for the benefit of his health, is hoping to return soon to Japan. Though his health may not permit him to engage as fully in work as formerly, his presence and counsels will be of great value to the missionary cause.

EVANGELISTIC WORK. New churches have been organized, and new places have been opened to mis­ sionary labor, by the local churches sending out of their own members as evan­ gelists, or through the Japanese Home Missionary Society, with such assistance as could be rendered by missionaries not engaged in other enterprises, especially in educational work at Kioto. The tours of Messrs. Atkinson, Cady, De Forest, and Pettee, occasionally accompanied by some of the unmarried mis­ sionary ladies, have been most valuable in widening the range of effort and in confirming the faith of believers in new sections of the country. The additions to the different churches on confession of faith amounted to 1,027. Pastors and preachers have more than realized the hopes of the mission by their ability, good sense, and singleness of consecration to the cause of Christ. They are our joy and crown— our hope for the future in the evangelization of the country. As a means of securing proper preparation for a thoroughly furnished native agency, no pains are spared to provide ample facilities for instruction at Kioto, that there may be no occasion for young men to visit foreign lands, whether the United States or Germany, in order to cope with the subtleties of Buddhism or the philosophical and sceptical theories imported from abroad. Besides high schools for girls, special care has been bestowed on the training of such women as may be needed to become Bible-women, and so prepared to reach the people in their own homes. The need of a Christian literature has not been overlooked. Nineteen differ­ ent works, from small tracts to elaborate commentaries on the Gospels of John and Matthew, and the Epistle to the Romans, and volumes of Christian hymns, were issued from the press during the year, amounting in all to 3,169,100 pages, making an aggregate since 1876 of 15,727,000. The Gospel News, first issued by the Board in 1876, and later by a native firm, was for four years the only Christian periodical in Japan. It was supplemented by a monthly magazine in 1880, and by another religious paper in 1883. A monthly, intended for women and children, was started by the Woman’s Union Missionary Society four or five years since, and is now published by the Presbyterian Mission. The attempt now in progress to introduce the English language into all the schools of the country is likely to constitute a new feature in the literary history of the country, and not less should success attend the effort to Romanize the Japanese language. The bearing of these movements on the progress of Chris­ 7 4 Japan Mission.

tianity in Japan cannot fail to be of the greatest moment. Quite beyond con­ jecture, other changes connected with the adoption of a representative govern­ ment and the opening of the country on the proposed revision of treaties with foreign powers cannot be far off and call loudly for the most strenuous efforts on the part of Christians of every name to complete the work of evangelization.

STATIONS. Kobe. — There are now in connection with this station nine churches, all but one entirely self-supporting, and that one receiving but a little assistance. During the year three churches have been organized, and two church-buildings erected without expense to the Board. The total membership of the nine churches is 1,053 — 532 males and 521 females; the additions during the year, 472. Of these, Imabari reports 18 1, the Kobe church 94, the Akashi church 59, — all on profession of faith. These churches have been quickened and enlarged by the revival of the summer of 1884. It is noted with special interest by the missionaries in charge that these churches are very careful as to the admission of candidates to church fellowship and in watch and care of their members. They are led to this by a growing knowledge of divine truth and by the criticism of those who are without. The following statement, in regard to woman’s work, is given at length from a report of the station as the best exhibit received of the manner in which unmarried ladies find opportunities for Christian work outside of instruction in schools : — “ Woman's Work. — Miss Dudley and Miss Barrows have devoted their strength to this work. Aside from continuous work in the churches in the vicin­ ity and in tours to distant places, they having conducted a school, with a term of five months, for the more thorough instruction of such Christian women as desire to devote the whole or a part of their time to Christian work in the vicinity of their respective homes. “ The women under instruction during the five months were twenty-five in number. Fifteen of them came from distant places. Aid was given to five only, the remainder being entirely self-supporting. Six are wives of men who are in the Theological School in Kioto. Ten have homes in the vicinity of the school and come as day-students. The women evidently derive great benefit from the studies engaged in. About three and a half hours were given daily to Old and New Testament studies. Lectures were given on natural theology, physiology, hygiene, and practical chemistry. These studies were taught respectively by a graduate of the Kobe Girls’ School, the pastor of the Hiogo church, and a Japanese gentleman who is a professor in the Government Medical School in Kobe. “ The women took full notes of the lectures for future use. With but one exception these women have not had the benefit of the improved schools of the country, hence the taking of such full notes cost them serious labor. They have shown much enthusiasm and sincere interest in their studies, and have gained a confidence that will be a material help to them in their work. The portions of the Bible read they closely interlined with notes in red ink. They are now Japan Mission. 7 5 scattered, but in their homes and neighborhoods evince a deep and sincere desire to use what they have learned for the benefit of others. The large majority of these women will be unpaid workers in Christ’s great harvest field. “ The work of the lady missionaries is of vital importance to the progress of Christianity in the homes of j;he people. Women, and men also, open their hearts and relate their sins and sorrows to them as they would hardly do to others. Many a saved and uplifted woman is daily thanking the goodness and the grace that brought the lady missionary to Japan. The homes that have been blessed by them are not a few. Send us more godly women for this noble work ! ” The Girls’ School, in charge of Misses Brown and Searle, aided by two Japanese teachers, has had an attendance during the year, in all, of 108 pupils; the largest number at any one time, 88. Of these, 52 are boarding pupils. Additional buildings are already a great necessity. Applicants for admission are constantly turned away. Of the whole number of students, 37 are church members, 11 having made profession of their faith during the year. The members of the two highest classes are all Christians and members of churches. Only eight of the entire numbe&6f students are receiving any aid from mission funds. The reputation of the school, already high, has been well maintained during the year. Indeed, some of the Japanese speak of it as the best school for the higher education of young women in all Japan. Mr. Atkinson, in review­ ing the year’s work, says : “ We look up to God with gratitude and praise. Whether we consider the faithfulness and fidelity of the pastors and evangelists, the earnestness, activity, and generosity of the churches, the enthusiasm and devotion of the women, or the mental and spiritual growth of the maidens in our school, wre are constrained to sa y : ‘ How excellent in thy lovingkindness, O God ! Therefore the children of men put their trust under the shadow of thy wing.’ ” Kioto. — The great interest of this station is the collegiate and theological institution known as the Kioto Training School. The following statements regarding the school are condensed from a more full report of Dr. Davis. The present term completes the tenth year of the school. It was opened November 19, 1875, in a rented building which stood 011 Tera Machi, on the ground now occupied by the Second Church building. There were eight scholars present at the opening and two teachers— Mr. Neesima and Mr. Davis. The second school year was opened in two new buildings, — Numbers One and Two of the present buildings, — which were dedicated September 18, 1876. There are now five cheap dormitory buildings, built in Japanese style with mud walls and glass windows, besides a gymnasium building in the same style, and the brick Recitation Hall, with stone, trimmings, which was completed last fall. A class of fifteen was graduated from the Theological course in June, 1879 ; a class of four from the English course, in 1880; a class of eighteen from the same course, in 18 8 1; one of six, in 1882 ; one of eight, in 1883 ; one of ten, in 1884 ; also a class of thirteen from the Theological course, in 1884. Of the twenty-eight graduates of the Theological course, nine have been ordained as pastors of churches. Six others are acting pastors. 76 apan Mission.

Of the forty-six graduates of the English course, all but three are professing Christians; thirteen have already been graduated from the Theological depart­ ment, and six are now pursuing the Theological course; eleven others have taken a part of the Theological course. Besides the above, two large classes have pursued theological studies for three months, each at different times, most of whom are now in direct work; others who have taken a part of the English course are engaged as pastors, evangelists, and Christian teachers. From its small beginning in the midst of great opposition, the school has gained the confidence and respect of the government officials, both in Kioto and the capital, and is favorably known all over the empire. The churches are taking an earnest interest in it ■ as one proof of which we may mention the fact that many hundreds of the members of the churches are monthly subscribers to a fund, one half of which is laid aside for an endowment of the school, and one half is used to help in the support of needy students in the school. The last year has been one of progress and growth, especially externally. A class of thirteen young men was graduated from the English Theological course last Ju n e; the first class which had been carried through their whole course of study — eight years. A class of ten was also graduated from the five years’ English course at the same time. The new Recitation Hall, the first permanent building erected for the school, containing eight greatly needed recitation-rooms, was dedicated the first day of the fall term, September 15, 1884. A class of over seventy men entered the first year of the five years’ course last fall, 1884, of whom over sixty are present this term. A class of twelve also entered the first year of the Vernacular department; fourteen men, mostly pastors and evangelists, have pursued theological study during the present year, with the class of nine who complete the three years’ course of study in the Vernacular next month. During the fall term there were over 190 of all grades in the school. Thirty-nine members of the school have received baptism since the last report, largely the results of the revival of March of last year. The Girls’ School at Kioto has had an average attendance during the year of thirty-one. This school was greatly blessed during the Week of Prayer, and a number of girls were led to accept the gospel of Christ. The school has suffered much in consequence of the illness of its teachers, but has been kept up, nevertheless, with a good degree of interest. The work of the churches, on the whole, has made steady and substantial progress. A fourth church was organized in the south central part of the city at the opening of the present year. Several preaching-meetings have been held during the year in different parts of the city, the largest being in connection with the recent National Christian Convention, when nearly five thousand tickets were issued during the two days’ session. The work of the students last summer was highly appreciated. They visited some twenty villages not otherwise reached. In connection with this station should be mentioned the very interesting work in the province of Joshu, of which Annaka is the centre. The work developed from this point has been almost Japan Mission. 77 wholly by the native agency. As an illustration of the extent of the work in this province, it is enough to say that, out of a total of forty members in the provincial assembly, five are reported to be Protestant Christians, while the standing com­ mittee of that body, consisting of five members, numbers three Christians — all Protestants — among its members. Important measures of social reform have been carried, through this assembly as the result of the efforts of these Christian public men. Okayama. — The field of this station embraces an area of about 2,500 square miles, and a population of over 1,000,000. The Japanese agencies at work here are four churches, with a membership of 369, two pastors, five evangelists, and six others employed for a brief portion of the time. The city of Okayama begins to show the impress of Christian work. Many speak well of Christianity who shrink from personal submission to its claims. Besides the work carried on in the city, visits have been made to twenty-two different places outside the city. The welcome given to the missionaries on these tours, the numbers who gather about them to listen to the gospel, the activity of the churches already organized, are all indicative of the great change in public sentiment that is going on, and which needs only to be wisely improved. Aside from the direct work of native evangelists, the work of Mrs. Cary is also worthy of mention, who, assisted by Okayama widows, has inaugurated regular work for women with very happy results. This interesting field has had but two resident missionaries the past year. One of these is now obliged to return to this country for a season of rest. No field gives signs of greater promise, and none is in greater need of instant reinforce­ ment. Osaka.— The five churches of this station have been blessed with unprece­ dented success. They have increased in thirteen months from 344 to 506 members. This fact speaks emphatically of the zeal and wisdom of both pastors and churches. While no new churches have been organized, old work has been strengthened, new fields opened, and several new branches of Christian work successfully initiated. The amount of money raised by the churches for all purposes is not far from $2,000, — about the same as was reported a year ago, — a result, in view of financial embarrassment, very creditable to the churches. The Girls’ School, in spite of many difficulties, has had a prosperous year, with an attendance of sixty scholars. Its work is recognized by leading officials by the enrollment of their own daughters as pupils. This school calls out from the churches much self-denial to meet the running expenses — about $45 per month; but it is the means of carrying the gospel into many homes that appar­ ently could be reached in no other way. Medical work has been prosecuted much as usual by Dr. Taylor. In addition to medical duties, he has been doing most valuable service in special studies in regard to some peculiar diseases of Japan. It is pleasant to note the very cordial relations existing between the five different Missionary Societies represented in the city of Osaka. The union prayer-meetings held in turn in the several churches are largely attended, and do much to perpetuate a sentiment of Christian fellowship and harmony in the common work. 78 Northern Japan Mission.

NORTHERN JAPAN MISSION.

N i i g a t a . — Orramel H. Gulick, R. Henry Davis, Doremus Scudder, M .ix, Missionaries; Mrs. Anne E. Gulick, Mrs. Frances W . Davis, Miss Julia A. Gulick, Miss Catherine Scudder. One station; 5 out-stations; 3 churches : members, 104; added during the year on profession, 19.

This mission has been reinforced during the year by the arrival of Dr. Scudder and his sister. The climate has proved so unfavorable to Mr. Gulick — a man born under a more genial clime — that he has felt it necessary to seek some other location. At the time of preparing this report, however, it is not known just where he will reside : whether in the southern part of Japan, and become connected with the older mission, or at some point in the north, and remain still a member of the Northern Japan Mission; hence his name appears in its former connection. So full details of this mission were given in the last report that less is required now. It is still a new field, with the usual difficulties attending the opening of new work. These are somewhat aggravated in this instance by unfortunate prece­ dents, especially as to the too free use of funds. Lax view's in regard to church order and discipline have to be corrected. The Romanists also have been very active, yet without any great results. They have two priests residing in Niigata, and have erected quite large buildings for school purposes. Two sisters are expected to take charge of a Girls’ School. The Buddhists are determined to hold the ground against all comers. The high-priest of one branch of the Buddhist body from Kioto has visited the province, and spent some days in Niigata. The moral influence, however, of some of his attendants was so unfavorable that no serious hindrance will probably result from this visit. On the other hand, as likely to be favorable to missionary operations, there has been a change of governors. The old governor was a man who was bitterly opposed to Christianity, and did his utmost to keep patients from attending the hospital as well as religious services. The new governor is a man who has had some acquaintance with the work of missionaries in the southern portion of the island, and is prepared to appreciate the character of their labors. The field is one of difficulty as well as one of promise. The missionary force needs to be enlarged if the ground is to be well occupied. The hospital and other buildings belonging to the Edinburgh Medical Society, and occupied formerly by Dr. Palm, have been purchased for the benefit of Dr. Scudder. He will find an ample field for medical work in this mission, notwith­ standing the fact that native physicians are now receiving good medical education in their own country. The foreign physician has opportunities of influence such as are not open to the. ordained missionary. Dr. Scudder, however, having received ordination at Kobe on the seventeenth of June last, combines evangel­ istic work with medical practice. Indeed, it is the expectation of the Board that physicians in all its fields will make medical practice strictly subordinate to the work of evangelization. Mr. Gulick refers to the great change in public sentiment in Japan that is evidenced by mass meetings for the discussion of Christian topics. The holding of such meetings, he remarks, seems to have Micronesian Mission, 79 been fully opened in Japan on the advent of Mr. Joseph Cook, three years ago. Before that time some theatre meetings had been held in the larger centres of Christian work, but prior to that nothing would have induced proprietors of theatres in Niigata, Murakami, or Kubota, to let their buildings for any such purpose. He adds : “ It is certainly an omen of wonderful significance that such public places of assembly can now be secured, and that thousands are ready to meet and listen to the claims of the gospel, and to the proofs of its power to bless and to renovate the individual and the nation.” In a later letter, Mr. Gulick adds : — “ The progress of Japan may be noted in many ways; but in no one regard more clearly than in the circulation of religious literature. But six years ago it was still a question whether the Scriptures could be sold in any other way than by the foreign missionary. To-day the Scriptures are for sale all over the land ; and, perhaps, every province in the empire has a Bible agent or colporter within its bounds; and the utmost freedom to sell or to buy is accorded on every hand. I find, here and there, in remote places in the country, that one and another have lately obtained a copy of the New Testament, — generally from Tokio, — sent either by private agency, express company, or by mail.” The number of additions to the three churches during the past year was nineteen, — eleven to the church at Niigata, six at Murakami, and four at Nakago, — evidence of healthful progress at these three centres.

MICRONESIAN MISSION.

G IL B E R T I s l a n d s . — Alfred C. Walkup, Missionary, residing at Kusaie; Mrs. Margaret L. Walkup. Nine churches; 5 Hawaiian missionaries; 12 Gilbert Island teachers.

M a r s h a l l ISLAN D S. — Residing at Kusaie: Miss Lillie S. Cathcart, Miss Annette A. Palmer. Seven churches; 5 Marshall Island preachers; 4 teachers.

C A R O LIN E I s l a n d s . — Ponape. A. A. Sturges, E. T. Doane, F. E. Rand, Missionaries; Mrs. Carrie T. Rand, Miss J. Estella Fletcher. Twenty-eight churches; 12 native preachers; 13 native teachers. RUK. — Robert W . Logan, Missionary; Henry Worth, Lay Helper; Mrs. Mary E. Logan. One church; 1 Ponapean teacher.

A t t h e S a n d w i c h ISLAND S. — Hiram Bingham, Missionary; Mrs. Clara Bingham. In this country. — E . M. Pease, M.D., Missionary ; Mrs. Harriet A. S. Pease, Mrs. Susan M. Sturges. Four stations occupied by Am ericans; 7 American missionaries, one of them a physician; 10 American assistant missionaries; 5 Hawaiian missionaries; 46 native teachers and preachers; 46 churches with more than 4,000 members; about 500 additions during the year.

The great event of the year now closing in the history of the Micronesian Mission is the entering of the new Morning Star, the fourth ship of this name, upon her missionary service among the islands of the North Pacific. The ship was built at the yards of Goss, Sawyer, and Company, Bath, Maine, in the most thorough and substantial manner, and was equipped with auxiliary steam-power to meet the special demands of her service amid the islands of the Pacific. Paid for by the gifts of thousands of Sabbath-schools and hundreds of thousands of children in all parts of the country, and even in foreign lands, a very special interest gathered about the enterprise, and no little missionary enthusiasm has So Micronesian Mission.

been awakened. On the fifth of November she set sail from Boston, and after a long but successful voyage of 130 days, in which her seaworthiness and sailing qualities were fully tested, arrived in Honolulu, March 15. After remaining in port at Honolulu six weeks, she set out, May 2, on her first missionary voyage through the several island groups of Micronesia. On this her first trip she is to render the service usually performed, and, in addition, will carry a missionary party on to Yap, the principal island in the further extremity of the Caroline group, some goo miles beyond Ruk where Mr. Logan is now stationed; but owing to her auxiliary steam-power it is expected that the entire voyage from Honolulu out and back, including this excursion to Yap, will be accomplished in ten months. News has been received of the arrival of Mr. and Mrs. Logan at Ruk, and of their cordial welcome there by the native Christians, who had already built a church in anticipation of their coming. Mr. Henry Worth, an American resi­ dent of Ponape, has been sent on to assist Mr. Logan this year, until promised reinforcements arrive. Dr. and Mrs. Pease have returned to the States to attend to the bringing out of the New Testament, which Dr. Pease has translated into the language of the Marshall Islands. Otherwise the missionary force remains the same as last year. THE GILBERT ISLANDS. The work upon these islands is under the supervision of Mr. Walkup, who is at the head of the Training School for Gilbert Islanders located at Kusaie, and of Mr. Bingham, located at Honolulu, whose special work is that of translating the Scriptures and providing Christian literature in the Gilbert Island language, in which he is greatly aided by Mrs. Bingham. Owing to the loss of regular communication with the islands, there was no new class brought up to the school this year. Nineteen pupils are reported, and a prosperous year's work. Mr. Walkup urges the need of a larger school and of a longer period of study. His pupils come to him knowing but little more than simple reading and the first elements of arithmetic and geography. Ten common schools are reported in this group, with an attendance of 698 pupils. But little news has come from the islands of this group later than that which was contained in the report of last year. The nine churches report a member­ ship of 1,716, of whom 558 were received during the last year reported. The contributions of these churches for the support of their pastors were $597, and $180 for other purposes. Five of these churches have Hawaiian missionaries for pastors, who receive their support from the Hawaiian Board. Tarawa has been the stronghold of war and heathen opposition to the gospel within this group. But it is reported that all this is now changed and the people seem ready to welcome Christian teaching. At Butaritari. in spite of some sad instances of declension, the work is reported as prospering. The schools on Tapiteuea are full, and the people are quiet and ready to learn.

THE MARSHALL ISLANDS. The Training School for this group, which is located at Kusaie, has been under the charge of Dr. Pease a part of the year, and under Miss Cathcart and Miss Micronesian Mission. 81

Palmer the remainder of the year. The pupils felt some disappointment at not having their usual vacation and visit at home ; but they submitted to the necessity very gracefully, and rejoiced in the prospect thus assured of another whole year in school. At Jaluij Dr. Pease spent several days, and thus learned somewhat of the religious work there. Mr. Laining is constantly busy in preaching, teaching, and singing, and is very successful. The church-edifice has been removed to a new centre, and is now crowded to overflowing. Jiberik, head-chief on Ebon, and a church member there, was living at Jaluij and helping on the work with all his might. A native helper, a graduate of the Training School this year, Laijarki, was left there to aid the work. Another graduate of the school was left there to go on as soon as possible to Ailinglaplap, to aid the helper already there. From Ebon comes the report of additions to the church, and of backsliders repenting, with a great demand for books, and especially for the New Testament in their own tongue. Dr. Pease’s translation has been completed none too soon.

CAROLINE ISLANDS. Ponape. — There has been no change in the missionary force stationed at Ponape during the past year. Miss Palmer, who was sent out with the expecta­ tion that she would join Miss Fletcher, was detained at Kusaie to assist Miss Cathcart in view of the anticipated departure of Dr. Pease and family. The health of the missionaries has been fairly good. Mr. Sturges, after thirty-three vears of faithful, self-denying service, will return to the States by the Star, to spend his later years with his wife and daughter. Mrs. Rand’s health calls for attention, and she may be obliged erelong to seek medical advice in this country. The distribution of laborers continues the same as heretofore. Mr. Sturges is pastor of the Oua church and bishop of the flock. Mr. Doane has supervision of the missionary work among the Mortlocks. Mr. and Mrs. Rand have in charge the Training School, where the teachers and preachers for the growing work westward in this group are made ready for service. Miss Fletcher teaches the Girls’ Boarding School. The Training School has had an attendance of twenty-three pupils, of whom some are day-scholars. They are reported as studious and making good progress. In their new' schoolhouse, finished early last summer, the Girls’ Boarding School opened with fourteen pupils, and the full number of twenty was soon reached. Miss Fletcher has had the aid of a native teacher a part of the year; but will find the sole care of the school too great a strain upon nerve and brain, if she is not soon reinforced. There is a very definite and pressing call for another teacher to assist in this most interesting and important work of female education on these islands. Probably there are no other schools in our missions where money goes so far and does so much good as in the schools at Kusaie and Ponape. RUK. The Jennie Walker, chartered for missionary service in Micronesia in place of the wrecked Morning Star, took Mr. and Mrs. Logan and their new house on to Ruk, where they arrived October 23, 1884, after a tedious and wearisome voyage - 82 The North Pacific Missionary Institute.

of ten weeks. Their home was at once set up at Wola, where a church had already been built in anticipation of their coming. Four young men from Ruk were sent back to the Ponape Training School, to be prepared for Christian work among their own people. The welcome of the native Christians to the mission­ ary and his family was most hearty, and the year opened with the brightest prospects of success. Mt. Henry Worth, an American resident at Ponape, has been sent out to help Mr. Logan this year; but there is urgent need of another missionary at this important centre, both because of the greatness of the work and especially because of Mr. Logan’s precarious health. With a force equal to the opportunity for evangelistic work and the training of native helpers, there is every reason to look for a great harvest within the next few years. No statistical reports have come from the Mortlocks or Ruk this year.

YAP. The new Morning Star will take two or three Ponape teachers on to Yap, 900 miles west from Ruk, and 1,300 miles from Ponape, to open a new work there. Mr. Doane will accompany them to render aid in locating and beginning their work. For the proper prosecution of this new undertaking a missionary family should be located at Y a p ; and when this point is thus well in hand, we shall mark the beginning of the end of our work in Micronesia.

REINFORCEMENTS. It is five years since any missionary family has joined this mission, and during the same time two families have been withdrawn. Meanwhile the work has steadily enlarged; and although three single ladies have recently been sent out, the need of reinforcement is still very urgent. This need becomes more pressing in view of the failing health of some and the advancing age of others, in conse­ quence of which the force will be still further depleted at the next return of the Star. A committee of the Hawaiian Board, reporting on the needs of the Micronesian work, recommends the enlargement of the present force by three ordained missionaries, one each for Kusaie, Ponape, and R u k ; by a physician for either Ponape or Ruk, and by an unmarried lady to assist Miss Fletcher in the Girls’ School at Ponape. This recommendation, sustained by the unanimous voice of the mission, is but a very moderate statement of the necessities of the case; and with the cheering prospect that now greets us of more widespread and rapidly developing work, it should not be long before this call is heard and fully met.

THE NORTH PACIFIC MISSIONARY INSTITUTE.

Charles M . Hyde, D.D., Missionary ; Mrs. Mary K. Hyde.

The only proper missionary work directly carried on in the Hawaiian Islands at the present time by the American Board is the North Pacific Missionary Institute, under the presidency of Dr. Hyde, for the training of native pastors and missionaries and evangelistic labor among the Chinese and Japanese under the charge of Rev. F. W. Damon, which is now well organized and efficiently The North Pacific Missionary Institute. 83 prosecuted. The success of the Institute has been long assured, and reflects great credit upon its management. Dr. Hyde’s services in the islands are only partially represented, however, by the work done in this school; his counsel and aid are freely given, and always with great benefit, in all the educa­ tional and ecclesiastical affairs of the kingdom. The work of the Institute has been prosecuted during the past year with the greatest energy, and Mrs. Hyde has continued her wise and faithful labors of instruction and practical counsel with the wives of the students. The more detailed account of the Institute will be given mainly in the language of Dr. Hyde’s excellent report. “ The whole number of students the past year has been fourteen. Six of these came into the Institute last October and one entered in January. Seven of the fourteen have been formerly mentioned as students. The health of the students and their families has generally been very good, though some of the new students for a time suffered in consequence of the great change from the free open-air life of the country to the narrow quarters and the confining occupations of city life. “ Every year the work accomplished by the students has been increased by some additions to the course of study heretofore pursued. Rev. H. H. Parker has continued as formerly to give instruction, one or two hours each week, in the management of churches and preparation of sermons. I have myself prepared and given to the students the elements of Hawaiian grammar, and also of rhetoric, with special reference to the style of the sacred Scriptures, and in preparation for the study of homiletics, which I propose to give to them next year. On Friday evenings I have given extra lessons in speaking and reading English. Select passages of Scripture have been read and recited with a view to correcting faults in elocution. Some printed sermons in Hawaiian have been examined, paragraph by paragraph and word by word, in order to accustom the students to exact analysis of good logical reasoning, effective arrangement, and elegant expression. I have also prepared a manual of parliamentary proceed­ ings, the common rules of order for deliberative bodies; and after careful study of the church manual the students have conducted in due form, on assigned topics, a church meeting, a committee meeting, and association meetings. The life of Christ has been studied chronologically by careful comparison of the four gospels. A catechism of theology has been committed to memory, and various chronological tables and other such helps in Bible-study. “ I have attended regularly every Sunday morning a Sunday prayer-meeting of the students with their wives and children. The students have also held prayer and conference meetings on Monday and Tuesday evenings, and on Sundays have had charge of the Sunday-school classes and o f neighborhood prayer-meetings, thus preparing themselves for the more important work of taking charge of various parishes during their four months’ vacation. They have earned enough by manual labor or other work to support themselves and families during the afternoons and on Saturdays. Yet, on account of the prevailing business depression, it has been more difficult than heretofore to find such work for them, and much more money has been spent in paying for their work in painting, whitewashing, and other repairs about the premises. 84 Western Mexico Mission.

“ Such is the brief history of the school for the past year. Future years will show what are to be the fruits of these preparatory labors. The good resolves and high purposes of these students are to be tested among the oppositions and temptations of a world which still lies in the power of the evil one. They go out with loving affection and childlike confidence at the Almighty's bidding. We salute with affectionate rejoicing this little band of youthful soldiers. As they go forth to do valiant service in the Redeemer’s cause in some of our Hawaiian villages or among the islands to the south, let others come to take their place from our Sunday-schools or our Young People’s Associations.” The need of this Institute and the value of the work it is doing were never more apparent than now. It is of the utmost consequence for the native churches of the Hawaiian kingdom and for the great missionary work in the islands beyond, that the places in this Institute should be kept full, and that their training should steadily advance in intellectual and spiritual force.

WESTERN MEXICO MISSION.

G u a d a l a j a r a . — M. A. Crawford, John Howland, Missionaries; Mrs. Harriet J. Crawford, Mrs. Sarah D. Howland, Miss Belle M. Haskins. Out-station, Tlajamulco.

L a B a r c a . — Henry M . Bissell, Missionary; Mrs. Ella X. Bissell. Two churches : 49 members; 12 native agents. This is practically a new mission on ground formerly occupied. It has the peculiarities attending a new work, and is not free from embarrassments from former relations. The field is therefore one of peculiar difficulty, and yet one not without promise. Whatever else may be true, work of the kind prosecuted by the representatives of the American Board is of vital moment to the cause o f Christ in this portion of Mexico. There is ample room in this region for the work of both the Southern Metho­ dists and the missionaries of the American Board, without unpleasant competi­ tion with each other. It is believed that the missionaries of the Board have been faithful to their instructions to observe Christian courtesy and to avoid every possible cause of offence in doing their own work. It is hoped that with time and quiet perseverance in well-doing, churches may be established — well grounded in the faith, well instructed in the duties and privileges of the Christian life — that shall take their part in the evangelization of Mexico. No marked change in the situation is reported as the result of labor the past year. A few have been received to the churches on confession of faith, and care has been taken to promote an earnest Christian life in the hearts of believ­ ers. It is not so much numbers that are sought as stanch Christian life and character to commend the gospel to those that are without. Much is done by personal conversation, quite as effectively, it is believed, as by public services on the Sabbath. Besides other duties devolving on the missionaries who have care of the work in Guadalajara and Tlajamulco, and touring in the neighboring districts, a valu­ able work is being done through the religious press. Among other things a Northern Mexico Mission. 85 small illustrated monthly religious paper has been growing in favor and has proved a means of bringing the truths of the gospel home to many who could not otherwise be reached. Miss Haskins has had a school of about twenty girls who have given her much satisfaction. It is believed that the thorough Christian instruction of these girls will not be without its influence in their homes and in the community. In March last Mr. and Mrs. Bissell removed their residence to La Barca. Public services were at once begun on the Sabbath, but were thinly attended. Many individuals, however, who are not yet prepared to be publicly known as in .sympathy with the missionaries, are led to call for conversation. So a beginning is made. Only with time and patience can the prejudices of the people be allayed and the way prepared to listen to the gospel. Better than preaching is the Christian life of believers, whether Americans or Mexicans !

NORTHERN MEXICO MISSION.

C h i h u a h u a . — James D. Eaton, Missionary; Mrs. Gertrude C. Eaton. PARRAL.— Alden B . Case, Missionary ; Mrs. Myra G. Case. This mission has been greatly afflicted by the death of Mr. Dutton on the sixth of June last. Though but a little over a year in the field, he had given promise of success through his “ consistent, Christian character, his faithfulness, his patience, his sympathy with the distressed, his modesty and readiness to receive suggestions and to cooperate with others.” The mission was reinforced in October, 1884, by the arrival of Mr. and Mrs. Case, after a valuable experience in the home-mission field. They took up their abode at Parral, a city second in importance only to Chihuahua, and distant 150 miles by rail and sixty more by stage. Parral has a population of from ten to twelve thousand, and is supported largely by mining interests. The city is beautifully situated, surrounded by lofty hills. The climate is said to be delight­ ful. A house was rented on one of the principal streets near the centre of the city, and has been fitted up not only for residence, but for a Bible-room and chapel. Mr. Case reports finding in Parral six adult evangelical Christians, and about the same number of children under religious instruction. No warmer welcome could have been given than was accorded to our missionaries. The conversion of the few Christians found here is due to the influence of Presbyte­ rian Missions to the South, some of the converts having been scattered abroad. From later letters we learn that Mr. Case is getting well into the work, preaching a short sermon in connection with his Mexican services, disposing of quite a large number of Bibles, and finding no little interest in the truth. Notwith­ standing bitter denunciations from the pulpit by Roman priests, he already reports many kind friends, even among those who adhere to the Catholic Church, and hopes by his good conduct and consistent Christian course to win the regard of the people in due time. At the end of the first six months at Parral, Mr. Case wrote : “ We find the work growing upon our hands and upon our hearts in away we had not dreamed. 86 Mission to Spain.

Instead of one service each Sabbath for the Mexicans, we now have two, and to-morrow evening we are to hold our first weekday meeting for prayer. Crowds continue to gather at our services. Many listen with apparent interest, and nearly always there are some who remain to converse after we have closed. We endeavor to make our services attractive, at present spending nearly one half the time in singing. We carefully avoid any mention of the Roman Church, but simply read from the Word of God, and in few words try to impress its truth and importance upon their attention.” The following statements are taken from a report just received from Mr. Eaton : “ During the year regular work has been done only at the two stations of Chihuahua and Parral, although Mr. Case has already made a number of tours into outlying regions, doing colporter work with most encouraging sales of the Scriptures, and making the acquaintance of the people, and from this station (Chihuahua) similar trips have been made. In April a beginning of gospel services, intended to be regular, was made in two other important towns, but Mr. Dutton’s death necessitated their temporary abandonment.” An agent of the Bible Society in the western part of the State has found great willingness on the part of the people to receive the truth. In Chihuahua the Sabbath-school has had encouraging growth, being double the size of a year ago, with an average attendance of about forty pupils. The number of hearers at the usual preaching-service is about fifty, and the prayer-meetings are well attended. “ Our communion services have been truly delightful, and we have welcomed ten adults baptized on confession of faith. We hope soon to organize a church with fifteen or more members.” Mr. Eaton reports the people as exceedingly poor and such as at home would usually be objects of charity ; but their gifts for lamps, for benches, for rent, etc., have amounted to over $ 5 0 ; besides, those who had no money to give have given labor to help forward the cause. Indeed, there seems to be a genuine, earnest Christian life on the part of those who have embraced the truth. One of the most interesting facts connected with the work beginning with so much hope in this field is the record of sales of books. It appears that the whole number of copies of the Scriptures distributed, almost wholly by sale, amount the past year to 1,182 copies. A large number of tracts have also been put into circulation. The total receipts of sales have amounted to $439. The work in this mission is as yet in its beginning, but there is evidently an interest developing among the people which is full of promise for the future.

MISSION TO SPAIN.

S a n S e b a s t i a n . — William H. Gulick, Missionary; Mrs. Alice Gordon Gulick, Miss Susie F- Richards. I Spanish assistant; 4 Spanish teachers in the boarding school for girls; 29 communicants ; 37 scholars in the boarding school, and 27 day-scholars. Out-stations.— Santander, Torrelavega, Hoznayo, Castro-Urdiales, Bilbao, La Balastrera, Luchana, Matamoras, Logrono, Pamplona, Pradejon, Tauste, Zaragoza, Brea, Cervera, Reus, Tarragona, Pont de Armentera. Summary. — 1 station; 10 out-stations; 1 missionary; 2 female assistant missionaries; 7 churches; 414 communicants; 5 pastors; 5 native preachers; 14 teachers; 8 colporters; 2 Bible-women; 336 scholars in actual attendance; 544 scholars attending during the year. Mission to Spain. 87

After the full and detailed report rendered a year ago, it will be enough for the present year to note only the more general points of interest. The work has been carried on with but little change either in method or in results. The steady enlargement of the schools and congregations, the wider general interest, and the cordial relations existing between the missionaries and native workers are such as to encourage and give promise of success. Special interest attaches to the school for girls at San Sebastian, in charge of Mrs. Gulick. The whole number of pupils the past year was 64, of whom 37 were boarders and 27 day-scholars, including 8 boys in a primary depart­ ment. Twelve of the pupils were from Santander, Bilbao, and Zaragoza. These may be considered as the fruit of evangelical work in those cities. Several other important cities are also represented in this school. Mrs. Gulick writes as follows: “ An advance in scholarship is noticeable; the conduct of the scholars has been very good, when the past education of most is taken into account. Three have united by profession with the church, and we see signs of the begin­ ning of a true Christian life in many of these little ones. . . . Three girls will graduate this year who are already engaged as teachers for evangelical schools for the coming year; and five who have previously graduated are all engaged as successful teachers. . . . The parents and friends of the scholars have paid this year the sum of $ 1,200 for their board and tuition,” — including gifts from friends in England, Holland, France, and Switzerland. This school is doing much to allay prejudice against Evangelical efforts by showing the worth of good and wise Christian training for young women. In regard to the relations existing between missionaries and the native agency, it is enough to quote the following from Mr. Gulick : “ It is to us a cause of unceasing joy and thankfulness that these pastors and teachers, all of whom have been connected with our work, and with whom we have been intimately acquainted for several years, are true, good, and loyal men,— loyal to Christ as faithful children, and to us as personal friends,— looking up to us in love and respect, and ever seeking our counsels and guidance ; and loyal to us as foreign­ ers and missionaries. My intercourse with them is of the most intimate and cordial kind as I visit and confer with them at their stations.” A General Conference was held the first week in August last with native pastors, teachers, and representatives of Evangelical communities. The occasion was one of very great interest and hope, and it is believed that through it a better understanding was gained of the relations of native workers to the American Board and its representatives. An advance step has now been taken toward enlisting the native communities in vigorous efforts toward the support of their own institutions. Hitherto, in consequence of precedents set by other societies, it has been very difficult to secure much from the people toward the support of their own schools and churches. But it is believed that in Spain, as elsewhere, no genuine Christian life can be developed among native Christians except through the spirit of self-sacrifice and self-denial for the cause of Christ. During the last two years the Prudential Committee have felt that the most strenuous efforts should be made to induce such a spirit in the native churches and Evangelical communities of Spain. It is hoped that through the conference just held and 88 A ustrian Mission. plans now in progress, the result so desirable may be reached, though more slowly in this than in other fields. One of the students of the theological class that was organized by Rev. Thomas Gulick, in Zaragoza, was married to one of the first graduates of the Training School for Girls at San Sebastian, in December last, and went immedi­ ately to Pau, France, where they are most usefully and happily engaged as evangelists in the large Spanish colony of that city. For three years that people had been without any leader or spiritual teacher speaking their own language, and the welcome that they have given these Christian helpers is very encouraging. The most of these people are artisans, or day-laborers, who have emigrated from Spain seeking to better their condition. The work is sustained by Rev. Mr. Pozzy, pastor of the French Free Church of Pau, who with his active and missionary spirited wife have for years watched over these scattered sheep, some of whom they have drawn into their own fold. Despite every opposition from adherents to the old faith and the poveity of the people, there is yet much to encourage effort in the condition of this field.

MISSION TO THE AUSTRIAN EMPIRE.

P r a g u e . — Albert W . Clark, Missionary; Mrs. Ruth Pirie Clark. One church; 2 evangelists; 3 colporters. Six out-stations, besides four out-stations in the suburbs of Prague; 2 churches; 4 evangelists. Summary. — One station; 10 out-stations; 1 missionary; 3 churches; 136 members; received on profession last year, 26; 6 evangelists; 3 colporters; average congregations, 318. In the temporary absence of Mr. and Mrs. Clark on a visit to this country, the work of the Board in this field was cared for by H. S. Pomeroy, m .d ., a medical student at that time in Prague. Mr. and Mrs. Clark returned at the close of October, and Mr. Pomeroy resumed his studies at Leipsic. Dr. and Mrs. Pomeroy rendered most valuable service to the mission during their sojourn in Prague. In the city of Prague and suburbs, twenty weekly meetings are maintained, and special emphasis is laid upon individual consecration and personal work. Through the aid of the American Bible Society, several men are employed in the very necessary but difficult work of selling the Scriptures. Success attends efforts to circulate Christian literature through native agents and book-stores. The number of Bibles and portions of Scripture circulated during the year, largely by sale, was 9,090; other books, 3,058; tracts, hymns, and sermons, 30,668. The mission newspaper, The Betanie, and other papers, 38,050. The newspaper has proved a most important agency both in Bohemia and, through its circulation among Bohemians in this country, in Chicago, Cleveland, and elsewhere. OUT-STATIONS. Stupitz. — The church members in the three out-stations, Stupitz, Prisimas, and Manderschien, have been organized into a separate church, with every pros­ pect of success. The work is not rapid, but encouraging. Special mention is made of the growth in Christian manhood and womanhood. At Gratz, Mr. Iseli has continued his valuable work, visiting hospitals and Austrian Mission. 89

laboring among the poor. He is very highly valued for his work, though many difficulties attend it. At Brunn, Mr. Freytag continues in charge of the girls at the Home. This Home is truly such for young women who are preparing themselves, by their studies in the public schools, and by special Christian training, for evangelistic work. Besides care of the Home, Mr. Freytag labors with individuals in the effort to win them to the truth as it is in Christ. At Tabor, no very marked results have appeared during the year. Two new members have been admitted to church-fellowship, and a few conversions have taken place. A suitable church-edifice is specially needed at this point to give a new impulse to the work. The poverty of the people forbids very much assist­ ance on their part, yet they are ready to contribute according to their ability ., and even beyond, in the hope of securing a church home. Up to the beginning of the year 1885, The Betanie had only about one thousand subscribers. The circulation is largely increased, in part because of a supplement containing notes on the Old Testament. These are the only Bohemian Old Testament notes in existence, being a legacy of the old Bohemian brethren of the sixteenth century. The book which is thus reprinted is at present quite out of print. The paper serves as a bond of union between Christians at home and abroad. This monthly paper has doubled its circulation since the first of January, and has nearly twice as many subscribers as any Protestant church paper in the country. Quite a large number of copies find their way to Bohemian families in Chicago and Cleveland.

EDUCATION. The Krabschitz Seminary has met with a great loss in the death of Pastor Schubert. The institution, however, was kept up by Mrs. Schubert till the close of the year. Arrangements are in progress by which it is hoped that the Semi­ nary will be continued in its work, as the Mt. Holyoke Seminary of Bohemia. The educational work in the Orphan School of the Countess La Tour is now wholly sustained by this noble Christian lady. The assistance received from the Board for several years was the means of placing the institution upon a solid basis, to say nothing of its great encouragement to the Countess by the sympathy shown her in her most valuable work for her countrywomen. This mission is favored in this regard, that it can send its theological students to Basle and to St. Chrischona. ' One or two have been to Edinburgh. The opportunity for thorough theological instruction thus offered obviates the necessity of a special theological institution. The young men, too, can find their collegiate education in institutions near at hand. Three or four such young men are in college, looking forward to the work of the ministry in due time. Notwithstanding some embarrassments during the year, and local difficulties in the church at Prague, no year in the history of the mission has been more blessed. The year reported closed with May, 1885, and the last four months witnessed the accession of twenty new members to the churches. But it is altogether too much to leave the care and responsibility for this interesting and growing field upon the shoulders of one man. Another mission­ ary is imperatively needed to assist him amid his many and varied labors. TABULAR VIEW OF THE MISSIONS OF THE A. B. C. F. M. FOR THE YEAR 1884-85.

AMERICAN LABORERS. NATIVE LABORERS. CHURCHES. EDUCATION.

P h y s i ­ c i a n s .

MISSIONS.

•B D¡2 2 _G £ ¡2 m g 2 s p. gf s V .ten a, PU HW H Ü

East Central Africa 1883 Zulu Mission . . 4 4 40 40 1835 2 50 42 43 137 782 I18 West Central Africa 1880 163 1,716 1,865 European Turkey 7 1858 5 13 Western Turkey 14 32 59 444 58 -23 - 2- 270 389! 1819 19 296 2,196 199 Central Turkey 34 *45 34 232 357 9 122 4,283 5,559*5 1847 15 116 14 1 226 Eastern Turkey 13 73 15 3,400 245 3 80 70 3 ,1 0 ° 3>4*5*: 1836 27 124 50 232 272 2,219 Maratha .... 31 ” 5 378 5 142 4.320 5,367* 1813 14 12 1 207 231 161 Xj(8 Madura .... 17 55 1.593 150 65 88 15720 1834 18 162 437 469 2,908 172 163 Ceylon .... 1816 257 233 365 4.172 4,709 1 1 4 497 72 584 S98 1,189 8,620 8,872*« Hong Kong . . 1883 93 114 138 139 3 4 3 10 11 22 170 170 Foochow . . . 1847 9 3 I 3 6 4 M 284 6 119 178 North China . . 1854 12 S9 • * • 25 37 81 162 9 155 2I9 Shanse .... 1882 11 Japan ...... 1869 19 8 10 37 81 2.752 1,027 164 224 North Japan . . i 1883 104 Micronesia . . ' 1852 11 22 46 4,000} I9t Western Mexico 13 63 500Î 9 i,9°o|| 1,958 : 1872 12 12 16 Northern Mexico ! 1882 19 49 3 3 7 IS S p a i n ...... 1872 15 5 5 Mt 10 34 37 430 400 Austria . . , . ! 1872 24 336 6 3 9 136 26 No. Pacific Institute I 1872 • • • 33 14

Total 826 156ÏÏ 83 !47 212 1.319 505 2,183 2,605 292 23,210 3 >008 50 1,981 1,690 813 35,s6i

Including some under instruction, but not in reported schools, § Besides six who are ordained. t Including Hawaiian missionaries, IF Not including those still supported at the Sandwich Islands. t Incomplete. ** The common schools of Jaffna, connected with the mission, are under the direction of a || From report of previous year. Board of Education, and the teachers are not reckoned as mission helpers. Pecuniary Accounts. 91

PECUNIARY ACCOUNTS.

EXPENDITURES OF THE BOARD DURING THE YEAR ENDING AUGUST 31, 1885.

COST OF THE MISSIONS.

Mission to West Central Africa. Remittances and purchases ...... $3,811.99 Expenses of missionaries and their families in thisco u n t r y ...... 1,016.40 Refit of m is s io n a rie s ...... 461*33 Traveling expenses, of missionaries returning to A f r i c a ...... 999.08 Procuring and forwarding supplies ...... 100.00 $6,383.80

Mission to East Central Africa. Remittances, purchases, and d r a fts ...... $5,477.23 Outfit of a missionary and wife, and traveling expenses to Africa .... 1,200.00 $6,677.23

Zulu Mission. Remittances, drafts, and p u r c h a s e s ...... $19,188.82 Expenses of missionaries and their families in thisco u n t r y ...... 1,717.39 Refit of missionaries returning to A f r i c a ...... 675.00 Grants for missionaries' children in this c o u n t r y ...... 1,050.00 Procuring and forwarding supplies ...... 200.00 $22,831.21

European Turkey Mission. Remittances, purchases, and d ra fts ...... $34,204.66 Expenses of missionaries and their families in this c o u n t r y ...... 1,698.73 Refit of do. and traveling expenses to T u rk e y ...... 1,400.27 Grants for missionaries’ children in this c o u n t r y ...... 340.00 Procuring and forwarding supplies ...... 350.00 $37,993-66

Western Turkey Mission. Remittances, drafts, and p u r c h a s e s ...... $76,973.88 Expenses of missionaries and their families in this c o u n t r y ...... 3,620.31 Outfits and refits of missionaries going o u t ...... 1,400.00 Traveling expenses of do...... 1,873.36 Grants for missionaries' children in this c o u n t r y ...... 470.00 Procuring and forwarding supplies ...... 500.00 $84,837.55

Central Turkey Mission. Remittances, drafts, and p u r c h a s e s ...... $29,161.34 Expenses of missionaries in this c o u n t r y ...... i,373-84 Outfits and traveling expenses of do. returning to Turkey ...... 1,531.15 Grants fop missionaries’ children in this c o u n t r y ...... 440.00 Procuring and forwarding supplies ...... 350-00 $32,856.33

Eastern Turkey Mission. Remittances, purchases, and d r a fts ...... $31,944.96 Expenses of missionaries and their families in this c o u n t r y ...... 2,826.46 Outfits of do. about to leave for T u r k e y ...... 1,075.00 Grants for missionaries’ children in this c o u n t r y ...... 360.00 Procuring and forwarding supplies ...... 3Sa o ° 536,556-42

Maratha Mission. Remittances, purchases, and d ra fts ...... $ 37,159-01 Expenses of missionaries in this country ...... 729-89 Refit and traveling expenses of do. returning to I n d i a ...... 2,176.00 Grants for missionaries' children in this c o u n t r y ...... 1,240.00 Procuring and forwarding supplies ...... 300.00 $41,604.90 92 Pecuniary Accounts.

Madura Mission. Remittances, drafts, and p u r c h a s e s ...... $51,217.04 Expenses of missionaries and their families in this c o u n t r y ...... 1,589.97 Outfits and traveling expenses of missionaries to I n d i a ...... 2,939.91 Grants for missionaries' children in this co u n t r y ...... 35-°o Procuring and forwarding supplies ...... 300.00 $56,081.92

Ceylon Mission. Remittances, drafts, and p u r c h a s e s ...... $14,991.76 Expenses of missionaries in this c o u n t r y ...... 1,183.02 Grants for missionaries’ children in this c o u n t r y ...... 720.00 Procuring and forwarding supplies ...... 150.00 $17,044.78

Hong Kong Mission. Remittances, purchases, and d r a fts ...... $2,233.80

Foochow Mission. Remittances and d r a fts ...... $12,505.62 Expenses of missionaries and their families in this c o u n t r y ...... 2,481.82 Outfits and traveling expenses of missionaries to F o o c h o w ...... 3,704.00 Procuring and forwarding supplies ...... 200.00 $18,891.44

North China Mission. Remittances, drafts, and p u r c h a s e s ...... $29,559,50 Expenses of missionaries and their families in this c o u n t r y ...... 3,292.09 Outfits and traveling expenses of missionaries to C h i n a ...... 2,363.00 Grants for missionaries’ children in this c o u n t r y ...... 240.00 Procuring and forwarding supplies ...... 700.00 $36,154.59

Shanse Mission. Remittances, drafts, and p u r c h a s e s ...... $6,568.70 Outfits of new missionaries and traveling expenses to C h i n a ...... 2,090.75 Procuring and forwarding supp lies ...... 200.00 $8,859.45

Japan Mission. Remittances, purchases, and d r a fts ...... $64,691.75 Expenses of missionaries and their families in this c o u n t r y ...... 2,849.30 Outfits and traveling expenses of missionaries to J a p a n ...... 3,952.00 Grants for missionaries' children in this c o u n t r y ...... 120.00 Procuring and forwarding supp lies ...... 750.00 $72,363.05

North Japan Mission. Remittances, purchases, and d r a fts ...... $11,344.34 Outfits and traveling expenses of missionaries to J a p a n ...... 1,570.00 Procuring and forwarding supplies ...... " ...... 150.00 $13,064.34

Grants-in-aid at the Sandwich Islands. Drafts and purchases ...... $12,100.00

Micronesia Mission. Drafts and purchases ...... $27,251.87 Expenses of missionaries in this c o u n t r y ...... 927.69 Procuring and forwarding supplies ...... 180.00 Construction and outfit of new Morning Star (see special account) . . . 41,756.83 $70,116.39

Mission to Northern Mexico. Remittances, purchases, and traveling expenses of missionaries .... $8,086.74

Mission to Western Mexico. Remittances and purchases ...... ♦ $7,725.10

Mission to Spain. Remittances, purchases, and forwarding su p p lies ...... $15,478.33

Mission to Austria. Remittances ...... $13,206.98

$621,153.01 COST OK COMMUNICATING INFORMATION.

I. Agencies. Salary of Rev. H. C. H a y d n ...... $291.67 Salary of Rev. William K in caid ...... 1,500.09 Traveling expenses ...... 184.92 Pecuniary Accounts. 93

Salary of Rev. S. J. Humphrey (including grant) ...... $3,000.00 Traveling expen ses ...... 168.92 Circulars, tracts, postage, clerk hire, and s t a t io n e r y ...... I.329-S9 Traveling expenses of returned missionaries and others while on agencies 1,106.95 Services of Rev. E . E . Strong in this d e p a rtm en t...... 500.00 $8,082.14

2. Publications.

Cost of Missionary Herald (including salaries of Editor and Gen­ eral Agent, and copies sent gratuitously, according to the rule of the Board, to pastors, honorary members, donors, etc.) . . . $18,250.89 Deduct amount received from subscribers .... $10,243.30 for advertising ...... 6,491.75 16,735.05 $1,515.84 Annual Report, 1,632 copies ...... 466.71 Dr. Chapin’s Sermon, 1,200 c o p i e s ...... 43.36 " Mission Dayspring” ...... 249.18 Missionaries’ letters, tracts, and miscellaneous p rin tin g ...... 838.21 $3,113-30 Less amount received for Dr. Anderson's Histories of Missions 23-18 $3,090.12

COST OF ADMINISTRATION.

i. Department o f Correspondence.

Salary of Dr. Clark (including grants), less $1,045.82, received from Fund for O f fic e r s ...... $2,954.18 Salary of Dr. Alden, less $1,045.82 received from Fund for Officers . . . 1.954.18 Salary of Dr. Smith (including grants), less $1,045.82 received from Fund for O f fic e r s ...... 2.954.18 Clerk h i r e ...... 2,330-35 $10,192.89

2. Treasurer's Department. Salary of Treasurer (including grants), less $1,045.83 received from Fund for O fficers ...... $2,954.17 Clerk h i r e ...... 3,300.00 $6,254.17

j . N ew York City. Office r e n t ...... $400.00 Clerk h i r e ...... 545-83 Stationery, postage, and incidental e x p en ses...... 180.97 Expenses of Mr. Kincaid's removal to New York ...... 478.41 $1,605.21

4. 1Miscellaneous Charges. Care of the Missionary Rooms ...... $414.10 Heating of do...... 4°5-25 Gas in do...... 58.95 Furniture and repairs ...... 271.35 Postage stam p s ...... 723.10 Stationery, printing, and b in d in g ...... 478.29 Copying letters and documents ...... 1,766.53 Certificates of honorary m em bership ...... 188.70 Expenses of Annual M eeting ...... 206.90 Books and periodicals for the l i b r a r y ...... 190.95 Rent of boxes in Safe Deposit v a u lt s ...... 50.00 T e le p h o n e ...... 120.00 $4,874.12

$655,251.66 Balance on hand August 31, 18 8 5 ...... 1,839.20

$657,090.86

RECEIPTS OF THE BOARD DURING THE YEAR ENDING AUGUST 31, 1885.

Donations, as acknowledged in the Missionary H erald ...... $387,0x3.15 Legacies, as acknowledged in the Missionary Herald ...... 121,47846 Interest on the General Permanent Fund (including $250 from the Caroline Phelps Stokes Legacy, for the free distribution of the missionary publica­ tions of the Board among ministers, missionaries, and others) .... 9,101.72 From the Legacy of Asa O t is ...... 43,884.55 From the Legacy of S. W. Sw ett ...... 52,992.17 Donations for the new “ Morning Star,” in p a r t ...... 41,756.83 $656,226.88 Balance on hand September 1, 1 8 8 4 ...... 863.98

$657,090.86 94 Pecuniary Accounts.

LEGACY OF ASA OTIS, NEW LONDON, CONN.

In accordance with the action of the Board at its Annual Meeting in 1879 (see Annual Report, p. xi), the remainder of this legacy is set apart for new Missions. Balance of securities remaining in the Treasurer's hands September 1,1884, at p a r ...... #257,903.42 Appraised value of sam e ...... #305,553.50 Received for Premiums on S a le s ...... 2,608.58 Received for Dividends and In te re st ...... 24,454.66 #284,966.66 Expended for new Missions as follows: — West Central Africa M ission ...... #5,247.91 East Central Africa M issio n ...... 6,614.87 Hang Kong M ission ...... 2,227.24 Shanse M ission ...... 8,83845 Northern Japan M issio n ...... 13,064.34 Mission to Northern Mexico , ...... 7,891.74 $43,884.55

Balance August 31, 18 8 5 ...... $241,082.11 Appraised value of securities now held ...... $284,353.50

LEGACY OF SAMUEL W. SWETT, BOSTON.

In accordance with the action of the Board at its Annual Meeting in 1884 (see Annual Report, p. ix), this Legacy is " set apart to meet special calls for a brief period of years, in the evangelistic and educational departments of our missionary work abroad, emphasis being placed upon the present emergency in Japan and upon the great opportunity in China." Cash and securities received from the executors prior to August 31, 1885 . . $472,583.00 Acknowledged in Missionary Herald and expended August 31,1884 .... 10,000.00 $462,583.00 Income of the securities (#450,583) from January 1 to August 3 1 ...... 16,930.62 $479,513.62

Expended during the year ending August 3 1,1885, and included in the fore­ going statement of “ Cost of the Missions," as follows: — For the Missions in T u r k e y ...... $4,619.38 For the Maratha M issio n ...... 3,121.01 For the Madura M is s io n ...... 5,860.00 For the North China Mission...... 6,500.00 For the Japan M issio n ...... 28,791.78 For the Spain M issio n ...... 2,500.00 For the Austria Mission...... 1,600.00 $52,992.17 Balance of Legacy, August 31, 18 8 5 ...... #426,52145

NEW “ MORNING STAR."

RECEIPTS.

Insurance of the vessel wrecked February 2 2 ,1 8 8 4 ...... $12,816.80 Donations from Sabbath-schools and individuals, acknowledged in Missionary Herald as received prior to August 3 1 ...... 47,348.90 $60,165.70 PAYMENTS. Prime cost of construction of the steam barkentine “ Morning Star ” . . . . $38,000.00 Lloyds classification certificate...... 60.00 Extra iron tanks, extra size caboose, large awning and fitting same, necessary for the peculiar work of the vessel...... 388.19 Duplicate sails and spars, boards, medicine-chest, and towage bill .... 672.91 Centreboard-boat...... 150.00 Calking, painting, plumbing, and additional machinery, forge, grate-bars, boiler- tubes, and engineer's lathe and tool outfit (with duplicates) for repairing Pecuniary Accounts. 95

machinery; also, burgee, bedding outfit, cooking utensils, tableware, lamps, etc...... #2,585.73 Expenses of Captain Bray while raising funds, cost of certificates and litho­ graphs, printing and distributing information...... 2,429.80 §44,286.63

Balance held as a fund for repairs, and in vested ...... §15.879.07

PERMANENT FUNDS OF THE BOARD.

GENERAL PERMANENT FUND.

Amount of the General Permanent Fund, September 1, 1 8 8 4 ...... $163,547.32 Received during the year from Estate of Sarah Baxter, of Newton, Mass., by Linus M. Child, Trustee, additional...... 8,500.00

$172,047.32

PERMANENT FUND FOR OFFICERS.

The Permanent Fund for Officers amounts as last year t o ...... $59,608.00 The Income of this Fund, applied to salaries, w a s ...... 4,183.29 96 Donations.

SUMMARY OF DONATIONS RECEIVED DURING THE YEAR.

MAINE. A u x iliary S o c ie t ie s. Aroostook C o u n t y ...... 12.00 Cumberland C o u n t y ...... 2,04s.69 Franklin C o u n ty ...... '159.64 Hancock County ...... 212.78 Kennebec C o u n t y ...... 372.66 Knox County ...... 22.00 Lincoln and Sagadahoc Counties...... 776.50 Oxford C oun ty...... 79.50 Penobscot C o u n t y ...... 592.69 Piscataquis County ...... 56.50 Somerset C o u n t y ...... 175-85 Union Conference of Churches ...... 105.20 Waldo County ...... 154.99 Washington C ou n ty ...... 127.19 York County ...... 7r7.73 5,608.92 '1 owns not associated...... 6.05 Legacies...... 11,156.06 Donations for School F u n d ...... 593.91 Donations for Morning Star M ission...... 83.51 Donations for Mission Work for Women * (of which $610 are le g a c ie s )...... 4,427.90

$21,876.35 NEW HAMPSHIRE. Cheshire County W . H . Spalter, Tr. Keene 524.36 Coos County ...... 48.75 Grafton County ...... 868.26 Hillsboro’ County George Swain, Tr ...... N ashua...... 1,617.46 Merrimac County 782.67 Rockingham C o u n ty ...... 1,361.02 Strafford C ou n ty...... 466.42 Sullivan County ...... 235.79 5>9° 4-73 Towns not associated...... 45.00 Legacies ...... 3.959.88 Donations for School F u n d ...... 356.63 Donations for Morning Star M is s io n ...... 91.67 Donations for Mission Work for Women (of which $2,000 are legacies)...... 7.010.88

$17,368.79

VERMONT.

Addison C o u n t y ...... 483.18 Bennington C ounty...... 512.22 Caledonia County . . . . T . M . Howard, T r...... St. Johnsbury . . 4,398.50 Chittenden C ou n ty...... 77°. 45 Essex County ...... 26.35 Franklin C o u n ty...... C. B. Swift, T r ...... St. Albans .... 4 11.18 Grand Isle C o u n ty ...... 20.25 Lamoille C ou n ty...... I99-79 Orange C o u n t y ...... 345-38 Orleans C o u n t y ...... 457-29 Rutland C o u n ty ...... 672.55 Washington County . . . G . W . Scott, T r ...... Montpelier .... 283.74 Windham County ....H.H. Thompson, T r...... 807.07 Windsor C o u n ty ...... 578.58 9,966.53 Towns not associated...... 20.00 L egacies...... 5,582 05 Donations for School F u n d ...... 337-09 Donations for Morning Star M ission...... 122.71 Donations for Mission Work for Women (of which $340 are le g a c ie s)...... 4,623.92

$20,652.30 * The donations for Mission Work for Women (excepting those from the Woman’s Board for the Pacific, and f 150 from Foreign Lands) are taken from Life and Light, and differ somewhat from amounts in the H e r a ld . Donations. 97 MASSACHUSETTS. Barnstable C o u n ty ...... 556-85 Berkshire C o u n t y ...... 3.234-94 Bristol C oun ty...... x,479-3i Brookfield Association . . William Hyde, T r ...... Ware . . . 4,014.5° Dukes and Nantucket C ou n ties...... 50.00 Essex County ...... 1.939.16 Essex County, N o rth ...... 1,504.09 Essex County, South C. M. Richardson, Tr. . . . Salem . . . 2.875-58 Franklin County . A . M. Gleason, T r ...... Greenfield . 1,725.63 Hampden County Charles Marsh, T r ...... Springfield 7,287.77 Hampshire County 6,259-37 Middlesex C o u n ty ...... 11,433.42 Middlesex U n io n ...... 1.163.17 Norfolk C o u n ty ...... 4,364.91 Old Colony Auxiliary ...... 564-50 Plymouth County...... 2,415-95 Suffolk C oun ty...... 3I.I57-I4 Worcester County, North...... 768.20 Worcester County, Central. E. H. Sanford, Tr ...... Worcester . . . 7,I39-°I Worcester County, South . Amos A rm sb y ...... Millbury . . . 3,048.44 92,981.94 Towns not associated...... 1,340.10 Legacies...... 39,984.11 Donations for School F u n d ...... 1,152.88 Donations for Morning Star Mission . . 668.39 Donations for Mission Work for Women (of which $3,883.25 are le g a c ie s )...... 43,256.65

$179,384.07 RHODE ISLAND. Donations ...... 6,804.83 Legacies...... 2,200.00 Donations for School F u n d ...... 156.30 Donations for Morning Star Mission . . 95-52 Donations for Mission Work for Women 2,835-7i $12,152.36 CONNECTICUT. Fairfield County . . . 3,607.78 Hartford County . . . , E . W . Parsons, T r...... Hartford 7,858.83 Litchfield County . . , G. C. Woodruff, T r...... Litchfield . 3.419-03 Middlesex County . . . E . C. Hungerford, Tr. . . . Chester . . 1,468.52 New Haven County . . F . T . Jarman, A g ’t ...... New Haven 6,212.48 i Lewis A. Hyde, Tr ...... Norwich . . New London County . 4,232.21 ( L. C. Learned T r...... New London Tolland County . . . . E . C. Chapman, T r...... Rockville . 1,215.60 Windham County . , 796.24 28,810.69 Towns not associated...... 1,665.00 Legacies...... 14.179.28 Donations for School Fund . . . 628.61 Donations for Morning Star Missio 669.81 Donations for Mission Work for W en (of which $4,200 are legacies) .... 22.524.29

$68,477.68 N E W YO RK. VIRGINIA. D o n a tio n s ...... $18,807.58 Donations...... $57.50 Legacies 30,161.53 Donations for Morning Star Mission . . . 5.00 Donations for School Fund ...... 1,107.66 Donations for Mission Work for Women . . 22.00 Donations for Morning Star Mission . . . 628.84 Donations for Mission Work for Women (of $84.50 which $208 are le g a c ie s)...... 6 685.27 DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA. Donations...... $634-51 $57,390.88 Donations for School F u n d ...... 30.00 Donations for Mission Work for Women . . 496.51 PENNSYLVANIA. Donations ...... $1,161.0 2 L e g a c ie s ...... NORTH CAROLINA. Donations for School F u n d ...... D onations...... - ■ . . $ 9 -5° Donations for Morning Star Mission . . Donations for Morning Star Mission . . . 1.00 Donations for Mission Work for Women . $10.50 $2.877-75 SOUTH CAROLINA. $10.00 NEW JERSEY. D onation s...... Donations...... $21,477.87 GEORGIA. Donations for School F u n d ...... 72-37 D on ation s...... $22.92 Donations for Morning Star Mission . . 64.33 Donations for Morning Star Mission . . . .30 Donations for Mission Work for Women . ¿.7I9.75 Donations for Mission Work for Women . 25-31

$23,334.32 $ 48-53 MARYLAND. FLORIDA. Donations...... - ■ • $235-76 Donations ...... $5.00 Donations for Mission Work for Women . 141-32 Donations for Mission Work for Women . 87.60 $377.08 $92.60 98 Donations.

ALABAMA. IOWA. Donations...... $67.00 D onations...... $2,646.63 Donations for School F u n d ...... 24.25 Legacies...... 3,398.13 Donations for Morning Star Mission . . . 11.00 Donations for School F u n d ...... 64.13 Donations for Mission Work for Women . . 2.00. Donations for Morning Star Mission . . 1-35 Donations for Mission Work for Women 3,863.90 $104.25 bÆ MISSISSIPPI. $10,068.14 D onations...... $5.00 MINNESOTA. Donations for School Fund ...... 2.50 D onation s...... $2,466.59 Donations for School F u n d ...... 100.33 $ 7-5o Donations for Morning Star Mission . LOUISIANA. Donations for Mission Work for Wome 4,#» Donations...... $6.00 $6,762.85 KANSAS. TENNESSEE. D onation s...... $423.98 Donations...... $105.06 Donations for School F u n d ...... 71-45 Donations for Morning Star Mission . . 4-3° Donations for Morning Star Mission . . Donations for Mission Work for Women 44.65 53-25 Donations for Mission Work for Women 927.24 $154.01 $1,475-92 TEXAS. NEBRASKA. Donations ...... $77-56 D onation s...... $364.17 Donations for Morning Star Mission . . .12 Donations for School F u n d ...... Donations for Mission Work for Women 24-75 10.50 Donations for Morning Star Mission . 29.80 Donations for Mission Work for Wome $88.18 797,89 OHIO. $1,216.61 D onations...... $6,086.95 CALIFORNIA. Legacies...... 764.09 D onation s...... $3,34°.2i Donations for School F u n d ...... 340.41 Donations for School F u n d ...... 42 OO Donations for Morning Star Mission . . 164.96 Donations for Morning Star Mission . . Donations for Mission Work for Women 5.279-55 Donations for Mission Work for Women 3.3g:S $12,635.96 $6,744.31 INDIANA. OREGON. Donations ...... $169.12 D onation s...... $264.14 Donations for Morning Star Mission . . 2.00 Donations for School Fund .... 30.00- Donations for Mission Work for Women 301.28 Donations for Morning Star Mission 22.05 $472.40 $316.19 ILLINOIS. NEVADA. D onation s...... $6,956.37 Donations $17.50 L egacies...... 2,857.91 Donations for School F u n d ...... 396.55 Donations for Morning Star Mission . . 246.07 COLORADO. Donations for Mission Work for Women 14,427.69 D onation s...... $148.08 Donations for School F u n d ...... 2.92 $2 , 59 Donations for Mission Work for Women . 997-55 KENTUCKY. $ 1,148 55 D onations...... $37.00 Legacies...... 1,000.00 WASHINGTON TERRITORY. Donations for School F u n d ...... 1.30 D onations...... $80.35 Donations for Morning Star Mission . .10 Donations for Morning Star Mission .... 4.10 Donations for Mission Work for Womci 1.25 $1,039.65 $84.45 MISSOURI. IDAHO TERRITORY. D onation s...... $1,658.99 Donations for Mission Work for Women . . $4.40 Donations for School F u n d ...... 7.40 Donations for Morning Star Mission .... 29.47 Donations for Mission Work for Women . . 2,093.11 DAKOTA TERRITORY, D onation s...... $139 .12 $3,788,97 Donations for School F u n d ...... 13.20 MICHIGAN. Donations for Morning Star Mission . . . 9-5° Donations for Mission Work for Women . D onation s...... $5,242.08 548-56 L egacies...... 5,040.52 $710.38 Donations for School F u n d ...... 178.20 Donations for Morning Star Mission .... 89.16 ARIZONA TERRITORY. Donations for Mission Work for Women . . 6,148.31 D onation s...... $30.00 $16,698.27 WISCONSIN. MONTANA TERRITORY. D on ation s...... $2,925.68 Legacies...... 173.50 Donations for Morning Star Mission .... $o-55 Donations for School F u n d ...... 84.05 Donations for Morning Star Mission .... 69.64 Donations for Mission Work for Women . . 4,698.23 INDIAN TERRITORY.

$7,951.10 Donations for Mission Work for Women . . $5-5» Donations. 99

CANADA. Donations for Morning Star Mission .... $12.26 Province of Ontario. Donations for Mission Work for Women . . 300.99 D onation s...... $289.80 Legacies...... 50.00 $2,481.61 Province of Quebec. D onations...... 749-15 TOTAL. Legacies...... 10.00 $1,098.95 Donations for School Fund - • ...... 100.99 Donations...... $232,516.57 Donations for Morning Star Mission .... 65.75 L e g a c ie s ...... 121,478.46 Donations for Mission Work for Women . . 670.30 Donations for School F u n d ...... 5,954-53 Donations for Morning Star Mission . . . 3,443.53 $1,935.99 Donations for Mission Work for Women as above, $142,739.47 (of which $11,24 1.2 5 FOREIGN LANDS AND MISSIONARY are from legacies), the difference being STATIONS. explained by note on page 96 ...... 145,098.52 D onation s...... $2,143.71 Donations for School F u n d ...... 24.65 $508,491.61 IOO Receipts. — Places of Meeting.

RECEIPTS OF THE BOARD.

The following table exhibits the income of the Board from all sources since its organization : — For the year ending For the year ending September, 1 8 1 1 ...... $ 999-52 July 31, 1849 “...... 291,705.27 August 31, 18 12 ...... 13,611.50 „ 1 8 5 0 ...... 251,862.28 181 3 ...... 11,361.18 „ 1 8 5 1 ...... 274,902.21 181 4 ...... 12,265.56 185 2 ...... 301,732.20 181 5 ...... 9,493-89 185 3 ...... 314,922.88 1 8 1 6 - ...... 12,501.03 ; 185 4 ...... 305,778.84 181 7 ...... 29,948.63 1855 ...... 310,427.77 18 1 8 ...... 34,727.72 185 6 ...... 307,318.69 18 1 9 ...... 37.52°-63 185 7 ...... 388,932.69 182 0 ...... 39.94945 18 5 8 ...... 334,018.48 18 2 1 ...... 46,354-95 185 9 ...... 350.9iS45 182 2 ...... 60,087.87 186 0 ...... 429,799.08 182 3 ...... 55.758.94 • August 31, 1 8 6 1 ...... 340,522.56 1824 ...... 47.483-58 „ 1 8 6 2 ...... 339,080.56 182 5 ...... 55.7i6.i8 186 3 ...... 397,079-71 ,, 1 8 2 6 ...... 61,616.25 186 4 ...... 531.985-67 1 8 2 7 ...... 88,341.89 186 5 ...... 534.763-33 „ 1 8 2 8 ...... 102,009.64 „ 1 8 6 6 ...... 446,94244 182 9 ...... 106,928.26 186 7 ...... 437,884.77 183 0 ...... 83,019.37 186 8 ...... 535,838.64 183 1 ...... 100,934.09 186 9 ...... 525,214.95 183 2 ...... I30.574.I2 187 0 ...... 461,05842 183 3 ...... I45.847-77 „ 1 8 7 1 ...... 429,160.60 „ 1 8 3 4 ...... 152,386.10 187 2 ...... 445,824.23 July 31, 18 35 ...... 163,340.19 187 3 ...... 431,844.81 183 6 ...... 176,232.15 187 4 ...... 478,256.51 183 7 ...... 252,076.55 „ 1 8 7 5 ...... 476,028.19 „ 1 8 3 8 ...... 236,170.98 187 6 ...... 465,442.40 1 8 3 9 ...... 244,169.82 187 7 ...... 4 4 1,39 14 5 „ 1 8 4 0 ...... 241,691.04 187 8 ...... 482,204.73 184 1 ...... 235,189.30 187 9 ...... 518,386.06 184 2 ...... 318,396.53 188 0 ...... 613,539.51 184 3 ...... 244,25443 „ 1881 ...... 691,245.16 184 4 ...... 236,394-37 188 2 ...... 651,976.84 184 5 ...... 255,112.96 188 3 ...... 590,995-67 184 6 ...... 262,073.55 188 4 ...... 588,353.51 184 7 ...... 211,402.76 188 5 ...... 625,832.54 184 8 ...... $254,056.46

PLACES OF MEETING AND PREACHERS.

Year. Place o f Meeting. Preacher. Texts. 1810. Farmington. N o Sermon. 18 11. Worcester. N o Sermon. 1812. Hartford. No Sermon. 1813. Boston. ♦Timothy Dwight, D.D. John x, 16. 1814. New Haven. ♦James Richards, D.D. Ephesians iii, 8. 18 15. Salem. *Calvin Chapin, D.D. Psalm xcvi, 10. 1816. Hartford. *Henry Davis, D.D. Psalm cxix, 96. 18 17. Northampton. * Jesse Appleton, D.D. I Corinthians i, 21. 1818. New Haven. *Samuel Spring, D.D. Acts viii, 30 ,31. 1819. Boston. * Joseph Lyman, D.D. Isaiah lviii, 12. 1820. Hartford. *Eliphalet Nott, D.D. M ark xvi, 15. 1821. Springfield. ♦Jedidiah Morse, D.D. Psalm ii, 8. Places of Meeting and Preachers. IOI

1822. New Haven. ♦Alexander Proudfit, D.D. Malachi i, 11. 1823. Boston. ♦Jeremiah Day, D.D. Nehemiah vi, 3. 1824. Hartford. ♦Samuel Austin, D.D. Galatians i, 15, 16. 1825. Northampton. ♦Joshua Bates, D.D. John viii, 32. 1826. Middletown. ♦Edward D. Griffin, D.D. Matthew xxviii, 18, 20. 1827. New York. ♦Lyman Beecher, d .d . Luke xi, 2 1 ; Rev. etc. 1828. Philadelphia. ♦John H. Rice, D.D. 2 Corinthians x, 4. 1829. Albany. ♦Archibald Alexander, D.D. Acts xi, 18. 1830. Boston. ♦Thomas De Witt, d .d . Matthew ix, 37, 38. 1831. New Haven. ♦Leonard Woods, D.D. Isaiah lxii, 1, 2. 1832. New York. ♦William Allen, D.D. John viii, 36. 1833- Philadelphia. ♦William M urray, D.D. 2 Corinthians x, 4. 1834. Utica. ♦Gardner Spring, D.D. Matthew x, 6. 1835. Baltimore. ♦Samuel Miller, D.D. Numbers xiv, 21. 1836. Hartford. ♦John Codman, D.D. Matthew x, 8. 1837. N ewark. ♦John McDowell, D.D. Acts iv, 12. 1838. Portland. ♦Heman Humphrey, D.D. Psalm cii, 13-16 . 1839. Troy. ♦Thomas McAuley, D.D. Isaiah xi, 9. 1840. Providence. ♦Nathan S. S. Beman, D.D. Psalm lxxii, 17. 1841. Philadelphia. ♦Justin Edwards, D.D. Zachariah iv, 9. 1842. Norwich. ♦William R. De Witt, D.D. 2 Corinthians v, 14. 1843. Rochester. ♦Thomas H. Skinner, D.D. Philippians iii, 13. 1844. Worcester. ♦Rev. Albert Barnes. Luke xiv, 28-32. 1845. Brooklyn. Mark Hopkins, d .d . Psalm lv, 22. 1846. New Haven. ♦Joel Hawes, D.D. 1 Samuel vii, 12. 1847. Buffalo. ♦David Magie, d .d . Isaiah xxxii, 15. 1848. Boston. ♦Isaac Ferris, D.D. Matthew vi, 10. 1849. Pittsfield. ♦Samuel H. Cox, D.D. Daniel vii, 27. 1850. Oswego. ♦Richard S. Storrs, D.D. 1 Corinthians xv, 58. 1851. Portland. David H. Riddle, D.D. Isaiah xli, 14, 15. 1852. Troy. ♦Leonard Bacon, D.D. 2 Corinthians v, 7. 1853- Cincinnati. ♦William Adams, D.D. Matthew xiii, 38. 1854. Hartford. ♦Charles White, D.D. Matthew vi, 10. 1855. Utica. ♦Nehemiah Adams, D.D. Galatians ii, 20. 1856. Newark. ♦George W . Betbune, D.D. 1 Timothy i, 15. 1857. Providence. ♦M. La Rue P. Thompson, D.I>. Matthew xxviii, 20. 1858. Detroit. ♦George Shepard, D.D. Luke xi, 41. 1859. Philadelphia. Robert W . Patterson, D.D. Matthew xiii, 33. i860. Boston. ♦Samuel W. Fisher, D.D. Isa. xiv, 1-6; xliii, 21. 1861. Cleveland. Richard S. Storrs, Ir., d .d . 1 Corinthians i, 28. 1862. Springfield. ♦Henry Smith, d .d .' John xvii, 20, 21. 1863. Rochester. ♦Elisha L. Cleveland, D.D. Luke xxiv, 45-47. 1864. Worcester. ♦Jonathan B. Condit, d .d . Philippians ii, 15, 16. 1865. Chicago. ♦Edward N. Kirk, d .d . 2 Corinthians v, 7. 1866. Pittsfield. Laurens P. Hickok, d .d . Philippians ii, 10, 11. 1867. Buffalo. ♦Joseph P. Thompson, D.D. John i, 4. 1868. Norwich. Henry A. Nelson, d .d . John xii, 32. 1869. Pittsburgh. ♦John Todd, D.D. Malachi i, 11. 1870. Brooklyn. Jonathan F. Stearns, D.D. Matthew xxviii, 18-20. 1871. Salem. Truman M. Post, D.D. Mark x, 45. 1872. New Haven. Samuel C. Bartlett, D.D. 1 Corinthians ii, 1-5. 1873- Minneapolis. Julius H. Seelye, d .d . Romans iv, 25. 1874. Rutland. Henry M. Scudder, D.I). Romans x, 14, 15. 1875- Chicago. Israel W . Andrews, d .d . Romans i, 14. 1876. Hartford. William M. Taylor, D.D. Ezekiel xlvii, 9. 1877. Providence. James H. Fairchild, d .d . 1 John iv, 20. 1878. Milwaukee. Henry H. Jessup, I).D. Address. 1879. Syracuse. George F. Magoun, D.D. Matthew xxviii, 18,19. 1880. Lowell. ♦Jacob M. Manning, D.D. Rev. xxi, 1. 1881. St. Louis. A. J. F. Behrends, D.D. Luke xiv, 28, 30. 1882. Portland. Edward P. Goodwin, D.D. Acts xiii, 2. 1883. Detroit. William M . Barbour, D.D. M ark xii, 31. 1884. Columbus. Aaron L. Chapin, D.D. Acts xx, 24. 1885. Boston. Geo. Leon Walker, D.D. Hebrews xi, 13, 39,40. 102 Missionaries of the Board.

MISSIONARIES OF THE BOARD,

The following list presents the names of Missionaries now in connection with the Board, in the field or expecting to return, giving the year in which they went out, the Missions and Stations with which they are connected, but not in all cases their Post-office Addresses.

Missionaries. ZULU MISSION. Station. Rev. David Rood ...... 1847 Umvoti. Mrs. Alzina V. R o o d ...... 1847 Rev. William Ire la n d ...... 1848 Adams. Mrs. R. O. Irelan d ...... 1865 Rev. Josiah T y le r ...... 1849 Umsunduzi. Mrs. Susan W. T y le r ...... 1849 Mrs. Abbie T. W ild er ...... 1849 Umtwalumi. Rev. Stephen C. Pixley ...... 1855 Lindley. Mrs. Louisa Pixley . . . . ■...... 1855 Rev. Elijah Robbins ...... 1859 Adams. Mrs. Addie B. Robbins ...... 1859 Rev. Henry M. Bridgman ...... i860 Umzumbi. Mrs. Laura B. Bridgman ...... i860 Mrs. Mary K. E d w ard s ...... 1868 Lindley. Miss Gertrude R. H an ce ...... 1870 Umvoti. Miss Laura A. D a y ...... 1870 Adams. Rev. Charles W. K ilb o n ...... 1873 Adams. Mrs. Mary B. K ilb o n ...... 1873 Miss Martha E . P r i c e ...... 1877 Lindley. Rev. George A. Wilder ...... 1880 Umtwalumi. Mrs. Alice C. W ild e r ...... 1880 Rev. Herbert D. Goodenough ...... 1881 Adams. Mrs. Caroline L. Goodenough ...... 1881 Rev. Charles W. H olbrook ...... 1883 Mapumulo. Mrs. Sarah E. H olbrook ...... 1883 Miss Fidelia P h elp s ...... 1884 Lindley.

E a s t C e n t r a l A f r i c a n M is s io n . Rev. William C. W ilc o x ...... 1881 Makodweni. Mrs. Ida B. W ilco x ...... 1881 Rev. Erwin H. R ichard s ...... 1881 Mongwe. M rs. Mittie A . R i c h a r d s ...... 1881 Rev. Benjamin F. O u sley ...... 1884 Kambini. Mrs. Henrietta B. O u sley ...... 1884

W e s t C e n t r a l A f r i c a n M is s io n . Rev. William H. Sanders ...... 1880 Bailundu. Mrs. Mary J. Sanders ...... 1882 Mr. Frederick A. W a lte r ...... 1881 Benguela. Mrs. Margaret D. W alter ...... 9 . 1881 Rev. William E. Fay ...... 1882 Bailundu. Rev. Wesley M. Stover ...... 1882 Bailundu. Mrs. Bertha D. Sto ver ...... 1882

E u r o p e a n T u r k e y M iss io n . Rev. Elias Riggs, D.D., l l .d ...... 1832 Constantinople. Mrs. Martha J. R i g g s ...... 1832 Missionaries of the Board. 103

Rev. James F. C la rk e ...... 1859 Samokov. Mrs. Isabella G. Clarke ...... 1859 Rev. Lewis Bond, Jr ...... i8t>8 Monas tir. Mrs. Fannie G. B o n d ...... 1868 Rev. William E. Locke ...... 1868 Samokov. Mrs. Zoe A. M. L o ck e ...... 1868 Miss Esther T. Maltbie ...... 1870 Samokov. Rev. Geo. D. M arsh ...... 1872 Philippopolis. Mrs. Ursula C. M arsh ...... 1875 Rev. John W. Baird ...... 1872 Monastir. Mrs. Ellen R. B a ird ...... 1870 Rev. J. Henry H o u se ...... 1872 Samokov. Mrs. Addie S. H o u se ...... 1872 Rev. Theodore L. Byington, D.D...... 1874 Constantinople. Mrs. Margaret E. Byington ...... 1874 Miss Ellen M. Stone ...... 1878 Philippopolis. Frederick L. Kingsbury, M.D...... 1881 Samokov. Mrs. Luella L. Kingsbury ...... 1881 Miss Sara E. Graves ...... 1881 Samokov. Rev. Robert Thom son ...... 1881 Constantinople. Mrs. Agnes C. Thom son ...... 1881 Rev. William W . Sleeper ...... 1882 Samokov. Mrs. Mabel Sleeper ...... 1882 Miss Harriet L. Cole ...... 1883 Monastir.

M issio n t o W e s t e r n T u r k e y . Rev. George W . W ood, D.D...... 1838 Constantinople. Mrs. Sarah A. H. W o o d ...... 1871 Rev. Edwin E . Bliss, D.D...... 1843 Constantinople. Mrs. Isabella H. B lis s ...... 1843 Mrs. Catherine Parsons ...... 1850 Bardesag. Rev. W ilson A . Farnsworth, D.D...... 1852 Cesarea. Mrs. Caroline E. Farnsworth...... 1852 Rev. I. Fayette Pettibone, D.D...... 1855 Constantinople. Mrs. Susan M. Schneider ...... 1858 Constantinople. Rev. Joseph K. Greene, D.D...... 1859 Constantinople. Mrs. Elizabeth A. G reene ...... 1859 Rev. George F. Herrick, D.D...... 1859 Marsovan. Mrs. Helen M. Herrick ...... 1859 Rev. John F. Sm ith ...... 1863 Marsovan. Mrs. Sarah E. Sm ith ...... 1885 Miss Eliza Fritch er ...... ' ...... 1863 Marsovan. Rev. Moses P. Parmelee, m .d ...... 1863 Trebizond. Mrs. Julia F. Parmelee ...... 1871 Rev. Henry T. Perry ...... 1866 Sivas. Rev. Theodore A. B a ld w in ...... 1867 Broosa. Mrs. Matilda J. B ald w in ...... 1867 Rev. Charles C. T r a c y ...... 1867 Marsovan. Mrs. M yra P. T r a c y ...... 1867 Rev. Lyman Bartlett...... 1867 Smyrna. Mrs. Cornelia C. Bartlett ...... 1867 Miss Sarah A. Closson ...... 1867 Cesarea. Rev. Heniy S. Barnum ...... 1867 Constantinople. Mrs. Helen P. Barnum ...... 1869 Rev. Henry O. D w i g h t ...... 1867 Constantinople. Rev. John Edwin P ie rc e ...... 1868 Bardesag. Mrs. Lizzie A. Pierce ...... 1868 Rev. Edward R ig gs ...... 1869 Marsovan. Mrs. Sarah H. Riggs ...... 1869 Miss Laura Fam h am ...... 1871 Adabazar. Miss Mary M. P atrick ...... 1871 Constantinople. 104 Missionaries of the Board.

Rev. Albert W . H ubbard ...... 1873 Sivas. Mrs. Emma R. H ubbard ...... 1873 Miss Electa C. Parsons...... 1873 Adabazar. Rev. Charles H. B ro o k s ...... 1874 Constantinople. Mrs. Fannie W. B ro o k s ...... 1874 Rev. Americus F u lle r ...... 1874 Constantinople. Mrs. Amelia D. Fu ller ...... 1874 Rev. James L. Fowle ...... 1878 Cesarea. Mrs. Caroline P. Fow le ...... 1878 Miss Clara H. Hamlin ...... 1879 Constantinople. Miss Laura B. Chamberlain ...... 1879 Sivas. Miss Clarissa D. Lawrence ...... 1880 Smyrna. Miss Martha J . G l e a s o n ...... 1880 Constantinople. Miss Fannie E. Burrage ...... 1880 Cesarea. Miss Olive N. Twichell...... 1881 Constantinople. Miss Agnes M. Lord ...... 1881 Smyrna, Mr. Wm. W. P e e t ...... 1881 Constantinople. Mrs. Martha H. P e e t ...... 1881 Miss M aiy P. W r i g h t ...... 1881 Marsovan. Miss Mary E. B ro o k s ...... 1881 Constantinople. Mrs. Fanny M. N ew ell...... 1882 Constantinople. Miss Isabella F. D o d d ...... 1882 Constantinople. Miss Mary L. P a g e ...... 1882 Smyrna. Miss Emily M cCallum ...... 1883 Smyrna. Miss Flora A. Fensham ...... 1883 Constantinople. Miss Helen E. M elvin ...... 1883 Constantinople. Rev. James W. Seelye ...... 1884 Trebizond. Rev. Charles A. S. Dwight ...... 1884 Constantinople. Miss Ida W . P r i m e ...... 1884 Constantinople. Miss Rebecca G. Jills o n ...... 1885 Smyrna.

M iss io n t o C e n t r a l T u r k e y .

Rev. T. C. Trowbridge, LL.d ...... 1855 Aintab. Mrs. Margaret R. Trow bridge ...... 1861 Mrs. Josephine L. Coffing ...... 1857 Hadjin. Rev. Giles F. M ontgom ery ...... 1863 Marash. Mrs. Emily R. Montgomery ...... 1863 Rev. Lucien H. Adams . ■...... 1865 Kessab. Mrs. Nancy D . A d a m s ...... 1866 M iss M ary G. H o llister...... 1867 Hadjin. Rev. Henry M arden ...... 1869 Marash. Mrs. Etta C. Marden ...... 1881 Miss Corinna S h a ttu c k ...... 1873 Marash. Miss Ellen M. Pierce ...... 1874 Aintab. Miss Charlotte D . Sp e n ce r...... 1875 Hadjin. Rev. Thomas D . C h r i s t i e ...... 1877 Marash. Mrs. Carmelite B. Christie ...... 1877 Rev. Charles S. Sa n d e rs ...... 1879 Aintab. Mrs. Grace Sanders ...... 1879 Mr. Charles W. R ig g s ...... 1880 Aintab. Rev. Lucius O. L e e ...... 1880 Marash. Miss Laura T u cker ...... 1880 Adana. Miss Harriet H. Childs ...... 1880 Marash. Miss Henrietta West ...... 1884 Aintab. Harris Graham, M.D...... 1885 Aintab. Miss Ellen M. Blakeley...... 1885 Marash. Miss Ella T. B ray ...... 1885 Adana.

M iss io n to E a s t e r n T u r k e y . Rev. George C . K n a p p ...... 1855 Bitlis. Mrs. Alzina M. K n app ...... 1855 Missionaries of the Board.

Rev. Orson P. A l l e n ...... 1855 Harpoot. Mrs. Caroline R. A lle n ...... 1855 Rev. Crosby H. W h eeler ...... 1857 Harpoot. Mrs. Susan A. W heeler...... 1857 Rev. Herman N. Barnum, D.D...... 1858 Harpoot. Mrs. Mary E. Barnum ...... 1859 Miss Hattie Seym ou r ...... 1867 Harpoot. Rev. Alpheus N. A n d ru s ...... 1868 Mardin. Mrs. Olive L. A n d ru s ...... 1868 Miss Charlotte E. E l y ...... 1868 Bitlis. Miss M. A. C. E ly ...... 1868 Bitlis. Rev. Royal M. C o l e ...... 1868 Bitlis. Mrs. Lizzie C o le ...... 1868 Rev. George C. Raynolds, M.D...... 1869 Van. Mrs. Martha W. R ayn olds ...... 1869 Miss Caroline E. B u sh ...... 1870 Harpoot. Daniel M. B. Thom, M.D...... 1874 Mardin. Mrs. L. H. Thom ...... 1874 Miss Hattie G. Pow ers ...... 1875 Erzroom. Miss Clarissa H . P r a t t ...... 1875 Mardin. Rev. John K. B row n e ...... 1875 Harpoot. Mrs. Leila B row n e ...... 1876 Rev. W illis C. D e w e y ...... 1877 Mardin. Mrs. Seraphina S. D ew ey ...... 1877 Rev. Robert Chambers ...... 1879 Erzroom. Mrs. Elizabeth L. Cham bers ...... 1879 Rev. William N. Cham bers ...... 1879 Erzroom. Mrs. Cornelia P. C h a m b e r s ...... 1879 Miss Emily C. W heeler...... 1880 Harpoot. Rev. John A. Ainslie ...... 1881 Mardin. Mrs. Ellen D. A in slie ...... 1881 Rev. C. Frank Gates ...... 1881 Mardin, Mrs. Mary E. G ates ...... 1883 Miss Lauraette E. Jo h n so n ...... 1882 Van. Miss Grace N. Kimball...... 1882 Van. Rev. James L. B arto n ...... 1885 Harpoot. Mrs. Flora E. B a rto n ...... 1885 Miss Mary L. D aniels ...... 1885 Harpoot.

M a r a t h a M iss io n . Rev. Samuel B. Fairbank, D.D...... 1846 Wadale. Rev. Lemuel Bissell, D.D...... 1851 Ahmednagar. Mrs. Mary E. Bissell ...... 1851 Rev. Charles H arding ...... 1856 Sholapur. Mrs. Elizabeth D. H a rd in g ...... 1869 Rev. Henry J. Bruce ...... 1862 Satara. Mrs. Hepzibeth P. B ru ce ...... 1862 Rev. Richard W in so r ...... 1870 Sirur. M rs. M ary C. W i n s o r ...... 1870 Rev. Robert A. H u m e ...... 1874 Ahmednagar. William O. Ballantine, M.D...... 1875 Rahuri. Mrs. Josephine L. Ballantine...... 1885 Rev. Edward S. H um e ...... 1875 Bombay. Mrs. Charlotte E. H u m e ...... 1875 Rev. Lorin S. G ates ...... 1875 Sholapur. Mrs. Frances A. G ates ...... 1875 Rev. James Sm ith ...... Ahmednagar. 1879 Mrs. M aud Smith ...... 1879 Rev. Justin E. A b b o tt ...... 1881 Bombay. Miss Katie Fairbank ...... 1882 Ahmednagar. Miss Ruby E. Harding ...... 1882 Ahmednagar. io 6 Missionaries of the Board.

Rev. Arthur D. B issell ...... 1884 Ahmednagar. Mrs. Ellen A. Bissell ...... 1884

M a d u r a M is s io n . Rev. John E. Chandler...... 1845 Battalagundu. Mrs. Charlotte H. Chandler ...... 1845 Rev. Joseph T. N o yes ...... 1848 Periakulafn. Mrs. Martha J . N o y e s ...... 1881 Mrs. Sarah B. C ap ro n ...... 1856 Madura. Rev. Edward Chester, M.D...... 1858 Dindigul. Mrs. Sophia Chester ...... 1858 Rev. George T. W ashbu rn ...... i860 Pasumalai. Mrs. Eliza E. W ashburn ...... i860 Rev. William S. Howland ...... 1873 MandapasalaL Mrs. Mary L. Howland ...... 1873 Rev. John S. Chandler ...... 1873 Pasumalai. Mrs. Jennie E. Chandler ...... 1873 Rev. James E. Tracy ...... 1877 Tirumangalam. Mrs. Fannie S. T r a c y ...... 1877 Rev. John P. J o n e s ...... 1878 Madura. Mrs. Sarah A. Jon es ...... 1878 Rev. George H. Gutterson ...... 1879 Melur. Mrs. Emma W. Gutterson...... 1879 Miss Gertrude A . C h a n d l e r ...... 1879 Battalagundu. Rev. Albert H. Burnell...... 1881 Mana Madura. Mrs. Abbie S. Bu rnell ...... 1881 Rev. Hervey C. H azen ...... 1867 Palani. Mrs. Hattie A. H a z e n ...... 1884 Miss Eva M. Swift ...... 1884 Madura. Rev. James C. Perkins ...... 1885 Madura. Mrs. Charlotte J. Perkins ...... 1885 Miss M ary P. Root, M.D...... 1885 Madura.

C e y l o n M is s io n . Rev. William W. H ow land ...... 1845 Oodooville. Mrs. Susan R. Howland , ...... 1845 Rev. Eurotas P. Hastings, D.D...... 1846 Batticotta. Mrs. Anna Hastings ...... 1846 Rev. Thomas S. Sm ith ...... 1871 Tillipally. Mrs. Emily M. S m ith ...... 1871 Rev. Samuel W. Howland ...... 1873 Oodoopitty. Mrs. Mary E. K. H ow lan d ...... 1873 Miss Susan R. H ow land ...... 1873 Oodooville. Rev. Richard C. Hastings ...... 1879 Batticotta. Mrs. Minnie B. H astings ...... 1882 Miss Mary Leitch ...... 1879 Manepy. Miss Margaret W . Leitch ...... 1879 Manepy. Miss Kate E. H astings ...... 1882 Batticotta.

H o n g K o n g M is s io n . Rev. Charles R. Hager ...... 1883 Hong Kong.

F o o c h o w M is s io n . Rev. C. C. Baldwin, D.D...... 1847 Foochow. Mrs. Harriet F. B ald w in ...... 1847 Rev. Charles H a r tw e ll...... 1852 Foochow Suburbs. Rev. Simeon F. W o o d in ...... 1859 Foochow Suburbs. Mrs. Sarah L. W oodin ...... 1859 Rev. Joseph E. Walker ...... 1872 Shau-wu. Mrs. E. A. W alk er ...... 1872 Henry T. Whitney, m .d ...... 1877 Foochow. Mrs. Lurie Ann W hitney ...... 1877 Miss Ella J. Newton ...... 1878 Foochow. Missionaries of the Board. 107

Miss Elsie M. G arretson ...... 1880 Foochow. Miss Emily S. Hartwell...... 1883 Foochow Suburbs. Rev. George H. Hubbard ...... 1884 Foochow. Mrs. Nellie F. H u b b ard ...... 1884 Miss Kate C. Woodhull, M.D...... 1884 Foochow. Miss Hannah C. W oodhull...... 1884 Foochow.

M iss io n to N o r t h C h i n a . Rev. Henry Blodget, D.D...... 1854 Peking. Mrs. Sarah F. R. Blodget ...... 1854 Rev. Charles A. Stanley ...... " . . . . 1862 Tientsin. Mrs. Ursula Stanley ...... 1862 Rev. Chauncey Goodrich ...... 1865 Tung-cho. Mrs. Sarah B. G oodrich ...... 1879 Rev. Mark W iiliam s ...... 1866 Kalgan. Mrs. Isabella B. W illiam s ...... 1866 Miss Mary E. Andrews ...... 1868 Tung-cho. Miss Mary H. Porter ...... 1868 Pang-Chuang. Rev. Devello Z. Sh effield ...... 1869 Tung-cho. M rs. Eleanor W . Sheffield ...... 1869 Miss Naomi D iam ent ...... 1870 Kalgan. Rev. Isaac Pierson ...... 1870 Pao-ting-fu. Mrs. Flora J. P ierso n ...... 1883 Miss Lizzie B. Pierson ...... 1877 Pao-ting-fu. Miss Jane E. Chapin ...... 1871 Peking. Rev. Henry D. Porter, M.D...... 1872 Pang-Chuang. Mrs. Elizabeth C. P o rte r ...... 1879 Rev. Arthur H. S m ith ...... 1872 Pang-Chuang. Mrs. Emma J. Smith ...... 1872 Miss Jane G. E van s ...... 1872 Tung-cho. Rev. William P. Sprague ...... 1874 Kalgan. Mrs. Margaret S. Sprague ...... 1874 Rev. James H. Roberts...... 1877 Kalgan. Mrs. Grace L. Roberts ...... 1877 Mr. Willis C. N oble ...... 1878 Peking. Mrs. Willa J. N oble ...... 1878 Miss Ada H aven ...... 1879 Peking. Rev. Franklin M. Ch apin ...... 1880 Pang-Chuang. Mrs. Flora M. C h ap in ...... 1880 Albert P. Peck, M.D...... 1880 Pang-Chuang. Mrs. Celia F. P e c k ...... 1880 Miss Virginia C. Murdock, M.D...... 1881 Kalgan. Miss Mary A. Holbrook, M.D...... 1881 Tung-cho. Rev. Henry P. Perkins ...... 1882 Tientsin. Rev. Harlan P. B e a c h ...... 1883 Tung-cho. Mrs. Lucy L. Beach ...... 1883 Rev. Edwin E. A ik e n ...... 1885 Peking. Chas. P. W . Merritt, M.D...... 1885 Pao-ting-fu. Mrs. Anna C. M erritt ...... 1885

S h a n s e M iss io n . Rev. Martin L. Stimson...... 1881 Fen-Chau Fu. Mrs. Emily B. Stim son ...... 1881 Rev. Ireneus J. Atwood ...... 1882 Tai-ku. Mrs. Annette W . Atw ood ...... 1882 Rev. Charles D. T e n n e y ...... 1882 Tai-ku. Mrs. Annie R. Tenney ...... 1882 Rev. Dwight H. C lap p ...... 1884 Tai-ku. Mrs. Jennie R. C la p p ...... 1884 Daniel E . Osborne, m .d ...... 1884 Tai-ku. Mrs. Mary M. Osborne...... 1884 Rev. James B. Thompson ...... 1885 Tai-ku. 108 Missionaries of the Board.

J a p a n M i s s io n . Rev. Daniel C. Greene, D.D...... 1869 Kioto. Mrs. Maiy J. G reen e ...... 1869 Rev. Orramel H. G u lic k ...... 1870 Okayama. Mrs. Ann E. G u lick ...... 1870 Rev. Jerom e D. Davis, D.D...... 1871 Kioto. Mrs. Sophia D. D a v is ...... 18 71 John C. Berry, M .D ...... 1872 Kioto. Mrs. Maria E. B eriy ...... 1872 Rev. M. L . Gordon, D.D...... 1872 Kioto. Mrs. Agnes H. Gordon ...... 1872 Rev. John L. Atkinson ...... 1873 Kobe. Mrs. Carrie E. A tkin son ...... 1873 Miss Eliza T a lco tt ...... 1873 Kioto. Miss Julia E. D u d ley ...... 1873 Kobe. Rev. Wallace Taylor, M.D...... 1873 Osaka. Mrs. Mary F. T a y lo r ...... 1873 Rev. John H. De F o re st ...... 1874 Osaka. Mrs. Sarah E. De F orest ...... 1874 Rev. Joseph H. Neesima, Corresponding M em ber...... 1874 Kioto. Miss Julia A. Gulick ...... 1874 Okayama. Mrs. J. H. Neesim a ...... 1876 Rev. Dwight W . Learned ...... 1875 Kioto. Mrs. Florence H. L e a rn e d ...... 1875 Miss Martha J. B arrow s ...... 1876 Kobe. Mr. De Witt C. Jencks ...... 1877 Kobe. Mrs. Sarah M. Jen ck s ...... 1877 Miss H. Frances P arm elee ...... 1877 Kioto. Rev. William W. C u rtis ...... 1877 Osaka. Rev. John T. Gulick ...... 1878 Osaka. Mrs. Frances A. Gulick ...... 1875 Miss Virginia A. C lark so n ...... 1877 Kioto. Rev. Otis Cary, Jr ...... 1878 Okayama. Mrs. Ellen M. C a iy ...... 1878 Rev. James H. P ettee ...... 1878 Okayama. Mrs. Isabella W. P e tte e ...... 1878 Miss Fannie A. G ard ner ...... 1878 Osaka. Miss Abbie M. C o lb y ...... 1879 Osaka. Miss Anna Y. D avis ...... 1879 Kioto. Rev. George Allchin ...... 1882 Osaka. Mrs. Nellie M. Allchin ...... 1882 Miss Em ily M . B r o w n ...... 1882 Kobe. Miss Adelaide D oughaday ...... 1883 Osaka. Miss Frances H oop er ...... 1883 Kobe. Miss Susan A. S e a rle ...... 1883 Kobe. Rev. Chauncey M. C a d y ...... 1882 Kioto. Rev. Marshall R. G a in e s ...... 1884 Kioto. Mrs. Louise W . Gaines ...... 1884 Miss Effie B. Gunnison ...... 1885 Kioto.

N o r t h e r n J a p a n M i s s io n . Rev. R. Henry D a v is ...... 1878 Niigata. Mrs. Frances W . Davis ...... 1878 Rev. Doremus Scudder, M.D...... 1884 Niigata. Miss Catherine S. Scu d d e r ...... 1884 Niigata.

M ic r o n e s i a n M is s io n . Rev. Albert A. Sturges ...... 1852 Ponape. Mrs. Susan M. Sturges ...... 1852 Rev. Edward T . D o a n e ...... 1854 Ponape. Rev. Hiram Bingham ...... 1856 At Honolulu. Mrs. Minerva C. Bingham ...... 1856 Missionaries of the Board. 109

' Rev. Robert W. Logan ...... X874 Ruk. Mrs. Mary E. Logan ...... 1:874 Rev. Frank E. Rand ...... X874 Ponape. Mrs. Carrie T . R a n d ...... X874 Rev. Edmund M. Pease, M.D...... *877 Kusaie. Mrs. Harriet A. P e a se ...... 3:877 Rev. Alfred C. Walkup ...... !88o Kusaie. Mrs. Lavinia M. W a l k u p ...... x88o Miss Lillie S. Cathcart ...... X88I Kusaie. Miss J. Estella Fletcher ...... x882 Ponape. Miss Annette A. P a lm e r ...... x884 Ponape.

N o r t h Pa c i f i c M is s io n a r y I n s t i t u t e .

Rev. Charles M. Hyde, D.D...... ^ 7 7 Honolulu, S. I. Mrs. Mary Knight H y d e ...... 1877

M iss io n to W e s t e r n M e x ic o . Rev. Matthew A. C raw ford ...... 1882 Guadalajara. Mrs. Harriet J. Crawford ...... 1882 Rev. John Howland ...... 1882 Guadalajara. Mrs. Sarah B. H ow land ...... 1882 Miss Belle M. Haskins ...... 1882 Guadalajara. Rev. Henry M. B issell ...... 1882 La Barca. Mrs. Ella M. Bissell......

M issio n to N o r t h e r n M e x ic o . Rev. James D. E a to n ...... 1882 Chihuahua. Mrs. Gertrude C. E a to n ...... 1882 Rev. Alden B. C a s e ...... 1884 Parral. Mrs. Myra G. C a s e ...... 1884

M issio n t o S p a i n . Rev. William H. G u lick ...... 1871 San Sebastian. Mrs. Alice Gordon G u lic k ...... 1871 Miss Susie F. Richards...... 1881 San Sebastian.

M issio n t o A u s t r ia .

Rev. Albert W. C la r k ...... 1872 Prague. Mrs. Ruth E. C la rk ...... 1884

M issionaries R e s i d e n t a t t h e H a w a ii a n I s l a n d s .

Rev. Dwight Baldwin, M.D...... 1830 Honolulu. Rev. Lorenzo Lyons ...... 1831 Waimea. Mrs. Lucretia G. Lyons ...... Mrs. Sarah B. L y m a n ...... 1831 Hilo. Mrs. Mary Ann Alexander ...... 1831 Wailuku. Mrs. Ursula S. Em erson ...... 1831 Waialua. Mrs. Rebecca H. Hitchcock ...... 1831 Honolulu. Rev. Lowell Smith, d .d ...... 1832 Honolulu. Mrs. Mary E. Parker ...... 1832 Honolulu. Rev. Elias B o n d ...... 1841 Kohala. Rev. J. D. P a ris ...... 1841 Honolulu. Mrs. Mary C. P a ris ...... Rev. James W . Smith, M.D...... 1842 Koloa. Mrs. Melicent K. S m ith ...... I IO Members of the Board.

MEMBERS OF THE BOARD.

CORPORATE MEMBERS.

[The names under each State are arranged according to the time of election.]

M a in e . 1871. George R . Chapman, Esq., Boston. 1856. Hon. William W . Thomas, Portland. 1871. Theron H. Hawkes, d .d ., Springfield. 1870. Joseph S. Wheelwright, Esq., Bangor. 1873. Charles P. Whitin, Esq., Whitinsville. 1877. Hon. Joseph Titcomb, Kennebunk. 1873. Joseph C. Tyler, Esq., Boston. 1880. Hon. James W. Bradbury, Augusta. 1873. Edward S. Atwood, d .d ., Salem. 1873. Thomas P. Field, d .d ., Amherst. 1883. William H. Fenn, d . d ., Portland. 1884. Rev. William P. Fisher, Brunswick. 1874. A . E . P. Perkins, d .d ., Worcester. 1874. Daniel L. Furber, d .d ., Newton Centre. New Hampshire. 1874. Richard H . Stearns, Esq., Boston. i860. Hon. George W . Nesmith, Franklin. 1874. Philip L. Moen, Esq., Worcester. i860. Samuel C. Bartlett, d . d ., L L .D ., Hanover. 1874. Samuel Johnson, Esq., Boston. 1864. Hon. John W . Noyes, Chester. 1875. Egbert C. Smyth, d .d ., Andover. 1867. Alonzo H . Quint, d . d ., Dover. 1875. Rev. John W. Harding, Longmeadow. 1871. Josiah G. Davis, d . d . , Amherst. 1875. Hon. Arthur W . Tufts, Boston Highlands. 1881. Rev. Franklin D. Ayer, Concord. 1875. Samuel D. Smith, Esq., West Roxbury. 1875. A . Lyman Williston, Esq., Florence. V e r m o n t . 1876. Julius H. Seelye, d .d ., l l .d., Amherst. 1869. Chas. F. Thompson, Esq., Brattleborough. 1876. Charles C. Burr, Esq., Auburndale. 1870. Edward Hawes, d . d ., Burlington. 1876. Elbridge Torrey, Esq., Boston. 1876. Hon. Frederick Billings, Woodstock. 1876. Rev. E . N . Packard, Dorchester. 1877. Matthew H. Buckham, d . d . , Burlington. 1876. Henry A . Stimson, d .d ., Worcester. 1877. Rev. H. Fairbanks, P H .D ., St. Johnsbury. 1877. William H. Willcox, d .d ., Malden. 1877. Calvin B. Hulbert, d . d . , Lyndonville. 1877. Rev. Jonathan L. Jenkins, Pittsfield. 1877. Hon. Horace Fairbanks, St. Johnsbury. 1877. Sewall G. Mack, Esq., Lowell. M assachusetts. 1877. Thomas J. Borden, Esq., Fall River. 1877. Charles Merriam, Esq., Springfield. 1838. Mark Hopkins, d . d . , l l . d . , Williamstown. 1877. Elizur Smith, E sq ., Lee. 1848. Laurens P. Hickok, d . d . , l l . d . , Amherst. 1878. David Whitcomb, Esq., Worcester. 1849. Augustus C. Thompson, d . d . , Boston. 1879. Cyrus Hamlin, d.d., l l .d., Lexington. 1854. John W. Chickering, d . d . , Wakefield. 1879. Elnathan E. Strong, d.d., Auburndale. 1854. James M. Gordon, Esq., Auburndale. 1880. Samuel D . Warren, Esq., Boston. 1857. Hon. Alpheus Hardy, Boston. 1880. John L. Withrow, d .d ., Boston. 1862. Hon. William Hyde, Ware. 1881. Henry M. Dexter, d .d ., New Bedford. 1863. Edwards A. Park, d . d . , Andover. 1881. William O. Grover, Esq., Boston. 1865. Nathaniel George Clark, d . d . , Boston. 1881. Albert H . Plumb, d .d., Boston Highlands. 1865. Langdon S. Ward, Esq., Boston. 1882. Judson Smith, d .d ., Boston. 1867. Daniel T. Fiske, d . d . , Newburyport. 1882. Hon. Robert R . Bishop, Newton Centre. 1867. Samuel M . Lane, Esq., Southbridge. 1882. Franklin Carter, l l .d., Williamstown. 1867. Joshua W. Wellman, d . d ., Malden. 1882. Hon. James White, Boston. 1867. Samuel Wolcott, d .d., Longmeadow. 1883. Samuel B. Capen, Esq., Boston. 1868. Ezra Farnsworth, Esq., Boston. 1883. Hon. William P. Ellison, Newton. 1869. Edmund K. Alden, d . d ., Boston. 1883. William T . Eustis, d .d., Springfield. 1870. William E. Merriman, d . d . , Somerville. 1884. Hon. William H. Haile, Springfield. 1870. Eleazar Porter, Esq., Hadley. 1884. Rev. Charles F. Thwing, Cambridge. 1870. Hon. Joseph S. Ropes, Boston. 1885. Rev. Michael Burnham, Springfield. 1870. Rev. Isaac R. Worcester, Auburndale. 1885. John Lincoln Barry, Esq., Boston. 1871. Samuel G . Buckingham, D .D ., Springfield. 1871. James H. Means, d . d . , Dorchester. Rhode Island. 1871. Edwin B. Webb, d . d . , Boston. 1867. Hon. Amos C. Barstow, Providence. 1871. Ebenezer Cutler, d . d . , Worcester. 1870. Thacher Thayer, d .d ., Newport. 1871. Hon. Charles T. Russell, Cambridge. 1871. Rowland Hazard, Esq., Peacedale. 1871. John N . Denison, Esq., Boston. 1875. Thomas Laurie, d .d ., Providence. 1871. Hon. Wm. B. Washburn, l l .d ., Greenfield. 1877. James G. Vose, D.D., Providence. Members of the Board. 111

1884. Hon. W . W . Hoppin, Providence. V i r g i n i a . 1885. Royal C. Taft, Esq., Providence. 1840. David H . Riddle, d .d., Martinsburg. Connecticut. G e o r g ia . 1863. Hon. Samuel Miller, New Haven. 1870. John N. Stickney, Esq., Rockville. 1876. Zachary Eddy, d.d., Atlanta. 1871. Noah Porter, d . d ., l l . d ., New Haven. 1871. Rev. Samuel G. Willard, Colchester. A l a b a m a .

1871. Hon. Benjamin Douglas, Middletown. 1877. Henry S. DeForest, d . d ., Talladega. 1871. Rev. Charles R ay Palmer, Bridgeport. 1873. John E. Todd, d . d ., New Haven. O h io . 1874. William Thompson, D .D ., Hartford. 1874. Hon. George C. Woodruff, Litchfield. 1853. Douglas Putnam, Esq., Harmar. 1863. Joseph Perkins, Esq., Cleveland. 1874. Roland Mather, Esq., Hartford. 1867. Israel W . Andrews, d .d ., Marietta. 1876. Henry E. Sawyer, Esq., New Britain. 1870. James H . Fairchild, d .d., Oberlin. 1876. Rev. BurdettHart, New Haven. 1877. Hon. Nathaniel Shipman, Hartford. 1870. William J . Breed, Esq., Cincinnati. 1877. Rev. Joseph W . Backus, Plainville. 1870. Hiram C. Haydn, D.D., Cleveland. 1877. Jonathan X . Harris, tsq ., New London. 1871. Seth H . Sheldon, Esq., Cleveland. 1877. Robbins Battell, Esq., Norfolk. 1873. Hon. Francis C. Sessions, Columbus. 1876. Hon. Heman E ly , Elyria. 1877. George L. Walker, d . d . , Hartford. 1882. Rev. Frank Russell, Mansfield. 1877. James G. Johnson, d . d ., New London. 1884. James Brand, d .d ., Oberlin. 1880. William M. Barbour, d . d ., New Haven. 1880. Hon. Robert Coit, New London. I n d ia n a . 1881. Lewis A. Hyde, Esq., Norwich. 1882. Samuel Harris, D .D ., New Haven. 1867. Samuel H . Potter, Esq., Terre Haute. 1882. Rev. Azel W . Hazen, Middletown. 1874. Nathaniel A. Hyde, d .d ., Indianapolis. 1882. Elbert B. Monroe, Esq., Southport. 1884. R ev. James W . Cooper, New Britain. I llin o is . 1885. George P. Fisher, d . d . , New Haven. 1851. Julian M. Sturtevant, D.D., Jacksonville. New York. 1831. Robert W . Patterson, D.D., Chicago. 1845. John Forsyth, D.D., Newburgh. 1869. George N. Boardman, d .d., Chicago. 1869. Gen. S. Lockwood Brown, Chicago. 1846. Hon. Henry W . Taylor, l l .d ., Canandaigua. 1846. Hon. Calvin T . Hulburd, Brasher Falls. 1871. Edward P. Goodwin, d.d ., Chicago. 1855. Jacob M. Schermerhnm, Esq., Homer. 1871. E . W . Bkitchford, Esq., Chicago. i860. Simon B. Chittenden, Esq., Brooklyn. 1871. Ralph Emerson, Esq., Rockford. 1871. Simon J . Humphrey, d.d., Chicago. 1862. James B. Shaw, d . d . , Rochester. 1871. Henry M. Scudder, d .d., Chicago. 1863. Richard S. Storrs, d . d ., l l .d . , Brooklyn. 1863. Zebuion S. Ely, Esq., New York City. 1873. Howard Z. Culver, Esq., Chicago. 1864. Louis Chapin, Esq., Rochester. 1875. Charles H. Bull, Esq., Quincy, 1870. Rev. Henry Ward Beecher, Brooklyn. 1876. James W. Scovill, Esq., Oak Park. 1870. Alfred S. Barnes, Esq., Brooklyn. 1876. Frederick A. Noble, d .d ., Chicago. 1871. D. Willis James, Esq., New York City. 1877. Charles H . Case, Esq., Chicago. 1877. K . Whittlesey, d .d ., Jacksonville. 1872. L. Henry Cobb, d . d ., New York City. M. 1878. Franklin W . Fisk, d.d ., Chicago. 1873. William M. Taylor, d . d . , New York City. 1878. J. K. Scarborough, Esq., Payson. 1874. George B. Safford, d . d . , New York City. 1881. Caleb F. Gates, Esq., Chicago. 1880. William S. Smart, d . d ., Albany. 1883. William H. Rice, Esq., Chicago. 1882. A . J . F . Behrends, d . d . , Brooklyn. 1883. Rev. Henry L. Hubbell, Jamestown. 1884. William E . Hale, Esq., Chicago. 1884. James P. Wallace, Esq., Brooklyn. M ic h ig a n .

New Jersey. 1867. Hon. Solomon L. Withey, Grand Rapids. 1843. Benjamin C. Taylor, d . d ., Jersey City. 1867. Philo R. Hurd, d .d., Detroit. 1854. R ay Palmer, d . d . , Newark. 1870. Jesse W . Hough, d .d ., Jackson. 1855. George B. Cheever, d .d ., Englewood. 1871. Hon. Philo Parsons, Detroit. 1867. Aaron Carter, Esq., Orange. 1876.' Rev. Moses Smith, Detroit. 1867. Henry M. Storrs, d .d ., Orange. 1882. James B. Angell, l l .d., Ann Arbor. 1870. Samuel Holmes, Esq., Montclair. 1883. Horatio Q. Butterfield, d .d., Olivet. 1885. M. E. Strieby, d .d . , Newark. W i s c o n s i n . Pennsylvania. 1851. Aaron L. Chapin, d .d ., Beloit. 1873. George L . Weed, Esq., Philadelphia. 1851. Harvey D. Kitchell, d.d ., Milwaukee. District of Columbia. 1876. Edward H. Merrell, d .d ., Ripon.

1869. Wm. W . Patton, d .d ., l l . d . , Washington. 1876. Hon. Samuel D. Hastings, Madison. 1871. Hon. Peter Parker, Washington. 1881. Samuel W. Eaton, d.d ., Lancaster. 1877. E . Whittlesey, d . d ., Washington. 1883. Hon. Edward D . Holton, Milwaukee. 112 Members of the Board.

M in n e s o t a . K a n s a s .

1871. James W. Strong, d .d . , Northfield. 1874. Richard Cordley, d . d ., Lawrence. 1875. M. McG. Dana, d .d . , St. Paul. N e b r a s k a . 1878. Robert G. Hutchins, d .d . , Minneapolis. 1883. Hon. Edwin S . Jones, Minneapolis. 1871. Gen. Oliver O. Howard, Omaha. I o w a . D a k o t a . 1867. Alden B. Robbins, d .d . , Muscatine. 1877. Joseph Ward, d .d . , Yankton. 1867. Hon. John G. Foote, Burlington. 1871. Hon. Samuel Merrill, Des Moines. California. 1873. James S. Hoyt, d . d . , Keokuk. d . d . , 1870. George F. Magoun, d .d . , Grinnell. 1851. John C . Holbrook, Oakland. 1882. Rev. George H. White, Chester Centre. 1865. Andrew L. Stone, d .d ., San Francisco. 1871. John K. McLean, d .d ., Oakland. M i s s o u r i . 1876. Edward P. Flint, Esq., Oakland. 1857. Truman M. Post, d .d . , St. Louis. 1876. Israel E. Dwinell, d .d ., Oakland. i860. John B. Johnson, m . d . , St. Louis. 1882. George Mooar, d .d . , Oakland. 1870. Constans L. Goodell, d .d . , St. Louis. 1883. Edward G. Beckwith, d . d ., San Francisco. Members Deceased or Resigned. 113

CORPORATE MEMBERS DECEASED OR RESIGNED.

[The names under each State are arranged according to the time of decease or resignation.]

D e a th o r D e a th o r E lectio n . M a in e . Resignation. E lection . Resignation.

1813 Jesse Appleton, d . d . 1820 1818. Zephaniah Swift Moore, d . d . 1823 1826 Edward Payson, d . d . 1828 1811. Jedidiah Morse, d .d . 1826 1842. David Dunlap, 1843 1812. Hon. William Phillips, 1827 1813. Gen. Henry Sewall, 184s 1810. Joseph Lyman, D.D. 1828 1842. William Richardson, 1847 1823. Edward A . Newton, r . 1828 1842. Eliphalet Gillett, d .d . 1849 1812. Hon. John Hooker, 1829 1836. Levi Cutter, 1856 18 E2. Jeremiah Evarts, 1831 1845. A sa Cummings, D.D. 1856 1822. Samuel Austin, d .d . 1831 1838. John W . Ellingwood, D.D. i860 l83 t. Elias Cornelius, d . d . 1832 1838. Benjamin Tappan, d . d . 1864 1828. Benjamin B. Wisner, d . d . 1835 1842. William T. Dwight, d . d . 1866 1818. Hon. William Reed, 1837 1851. George F. Patten, Esq. 1869 1831. Warren Fay, d . d ., r . 1839 1871. William Warren, d . d . 1879 1810. William Bartlett, 1841 1832. Enoch Pond, d . d . , r . 1879 1842. Rev. Daniel Crosby, 1843 1870. John O. Fiske, d . d ., r . 1884 1821. Samuel Hubbard, l l . d . 1848 1864. John J . Carruthers, D .D ., r . 1885 1826. John Codman, d . d . 1848 1832. Hon. Samuel T . Armstrong, 1850 New Hampshire. 1826. Hon Lewis Strong, r . 1852 1812. John Langdon, l l . d . 1820 1835- Daniel Noyes, 1852 18x2. Seth Payson, D.D. 1820 1839. Bela B. Edwards, d . d . 1852 1820. Hon. Thomas W. Thompson, 1822 1842. Hon. Alfred D. Foster, 1852 1830. Hon. George Sullivan, 1838 1826. Justin Edwards, d . d . 1853 1820. John Hubbard Church, d .d . 1840 I 819. Leonard Woods, d . d . 1854 1842. Hon. Mills Olcott, 1845 1821. Joshua Bates, d .d . 1854 1842. Rev. Archibald Burgess, 1850 1840. Hon. David Mack, 1854 1840. Hon. Edmund Parker, 1856 1851. Hon. Daniel Safford, 1856 1838. Samuel Fletcher, 1859 1840. Daniel Dana, d . d . 1859 1842. Rev. John Woods, 1861 1823. Heman Humphrey, d . d . 1861 1832. Nathan Lord, d . d . 1870 1838. Thomas Snell, D.D. 1862 1862. Edward Spaulding, M .D ., r. 1870 1845. Hon. William J . Hubbard, 1865 1840. Zedekiah S. Barstow, d .d . 1873 1832. Rev. David Greene, 1866 1862. Alvan Tobey, d . d . 1874 1840. Alfred E ly, d .d . 1866 1842. John K. Young, d . d . 1875 1840 Horatio Bardwell, d .d . 1866 1842. Benjamin Labaree, d . d . , r. 1876 1847. Samuel M . Worcester, d . d . 1866 1859. Hon. William Haile, 1876 1834. Rev. Sylvester Holmes, 1867 1858. Asa D. Smith, d . d . 1877 1840. William Jenks, d .d . 1867 1857. Nathaniel Bouton, d . d . 1878 1848. Hon. Samuel H . Walley, r . 1867 1871. Joseph B. Walker, Esq., r . 1881 1850. Hon. John Aiken, 1867 1812. William Allen, D.D. 1868 V e r m o n t . 1843. Swan L. Pomroy, D.D. 1869 1818. Hon. Charles Marsh, 1849 1852. William Ropes, Esq. 1869 1840. William Page, 1850 1855. Amos Blanchard, D.D. 1869 1838. John Wheeler, d . d . 1862 1828. Henry Hill, Esq., r. 1870 1842. Hon. Erastus Fairbanks, 1865 1845. Hon. Linus Child, 1870 1859- Lewis H . Delano, 1867 1827. John Tappan, Esq. 1871 1839. Silas Aiken, d . d . 1869 1842. Ebenezer Burgess, D.D. 1871 1838. Charles Walker, d . d ., r . 1870 1842. John Nelson, d .d . 1872 1842. Rev. Joseph Steele, 1872 1871. John P. Williston, Esq. 1872 1867. Thaddeus Fairbanks, Esq., r . 1877 1871. Alfred B. E ly, Esq. 1872 1873- William H. Lord, d . d . 1877 1830. Charles Stoddard, Esq. 1873 i 873- Aldace Walker, d . d . 1878 1842. Richard S. Storrs, d .d . 1873 1867. Hon. John B. Page, 1885 l 853- John Todd, d .d . 1873 i860. Hon. Reuben A . Chapman, 1873 M assachusetts. 1842. Hon. Samuel Williston, 1874 1810. Samuel H . Walley, r . 1811 1850. Hon. William T. Eustis, 1874 1810. Samuel Spring, d . d . 1819 1867. Richard Borden, Esq. 1874 1810. Samuel Worcester, d . d . 1821 1838. Aaron Warner, d . d . 1876 114 Members Deceased or Resigned

D e a th o r D e a th o r E lectio n . Resignation. E lection . Resignation. 1863. William A . Steams, d .d ., l l . d . 1876 1859. Hon. Wm. A. Buckingham, l l . d . 1875 1871. Nahum Gale, d . d . 1876 1867. Joseph Eldridge, d .d . 1875 1871. John Field, Esq. 1876 1868. Henry P. Haven, Esq. 1876 1873. Nathan Durfee, m . d . 1876 1875. Charles Boswell, Esq., r . 1876 1843. R ev. Selah B. Treat, 1877 1842. Henry White, Esq., r . 1877 1848. Andrew W. Porter, Esq. 1877 1843. William Patton, d . d . 1879 1868. George Merriam, Esq., r . 1877 1863. Oliver E. Daggett, d . d . 1880 1854. Seth Sweetser, d . d . 1878 1842. Alvan Bond, d . d . , r . 1881 1837. Nehemiah Adams, d .d . 1878 1845. Calvin E. Stowe, d .d ., r. 1881 1879. Hon. Edmund H. Sawyer, 1879 1870. Charles Benedict, Esq. 1881 1870. Gordon Hall, d .d . 1879 1842. Leonard Bacon, d . d . , l l .d . 1881 1832. Rufus Anderson, d . d ., l l .d . 1880 1871. Frederic Marquand, Esq. 1882 1871. Peter Smith, Esq. 1880 1873. John E. Eldridge, Esq. 1882 1862. Abner Kingman, Esq. 1880 1875. John T. Rockwell, Esq., r . 1882 1840. Ebenezer Alden, m . d . 1881 1876. William C. Crump, Esq. 1883 1845. Henry B. Hooker, d . d . 1881 1871. Rev. Daniel W. Lathrop, 1883 1873. Henry F. Durant, Esq. 1881 1879. S. Wells Williams, l l . d . 1884 1874. Nathan Carruth, Esq. 1881 1862. Calvin Day, d . d . 1884 1875. Rev. George B. Anthony, r . 1882 1881. William W . Scudder, d . d . , r . 1884 I877- Hon. Edward B. Gillett, r . 1882 N e w Y o r k . 1877. Jacob M. Manning, d . d . 1882 1866. John O. Means, d . d . 1883 1818. Col. Henry Linclean, 1822 1871. George W . Blagden, d . d . 1885 1819. Divie Bethune, 1825 1870. J . Russell Bradford, Esq. 1885 1812. John Ja y , l l . d . 1829 1824. Col. Henry Rutgers, 1830 R h o d e I s la n d . 1826. Col. Richard Varick, 1831 1812. William Jones, 1812. Egbert Benson, l l .d . 1833 00J? 1822. Jonas Platt, i .l . d . John Kingsbury, l l . d . 1875 1834 1846. Thomas Shepard, d . d . 1879 1826. William McMurray, d . d . 1836 1826. John Nitchie, 1868. Constantine Blodgett, d .d . *879 1857. Amos D. Lockwood, Esq. 1884 1816. Stephen Van Rensselaer, l l .d . 1839 1824. Eleazar Lord, r. 1841 Connecticut. 1832. Zechariah Lewis, 1841 1810. Timothy Dwight, d . d ., l l .d . 1817 1840. Gerrit Wendell, 1841 1810. Gen. Jedidiah Huntington, 1819 1812. James Richards, d . d . 1843 1810. John Treadwell, l l .d . 1823 1813. Alexander M . Proudfit, d . d . 1843 1830. Hon. Roger Minot Sherman, r . 1830 1832. Orrin D ay, 1847 1836. Henry Hudson, 1843 1835- William J . Armstrong, d . d . 1847 1819. John Cotton Smith, l l . d . 1846 1843. Walter Hubbell, 1848 1842. Rev. Thomas Punderson, 1848 1843. Asa T. Hopkins, d . d . 1848 1840. Daniel Dow, d . d . 1849 1838. Henry White, d . d . 1850 1810. Calvin Chapin, d .d . 1 8 5 I 1842. John W. Adams, d . d . 1850 1848. N ath arH 0 . Kellogg, 1854 1824. David Porter, D.D. 1851 1823. Bennet Tyler, d . d . 1858 1838. D. W . C. Olyphant, r . 1851 1851. Charles J . Stedman, 1859 1839. Eliphalet Wickes, 1851 1842. Chauncey A . Goodrich, d . d . i860 1848. Erskine Mason, d . d . 1851 1852. Abel McEwen, d . d . i860 1812. Henry Davis, d . d . 1852 1838. Hon. Joseph Russell, 1861 1826. Nathaniel W. Howell, l l . d . 1852 1836. Thomas S. Williams, l l .d 1862 1824. Philip Milledoler, d . d . 1853 1843. Rev. David L. Ogden, 1864 1838. Elisha Yale, d . d . 1853 i860. John A Davenport, 1865 1840. Anson G. Phelps, 1854 1832. Noah Porter, d . d . 1866 1840. Hiram H. Seelye, 1855 1840. Hon. Seth Terry, 1866 1836. Rev. Henry Dwight, 1857 1854. Samuel S. W . Dutton, d . d . 1866 1842. Charles M. Lee, l l . d . 1857 i860. Elisha L. Cleveland, d .d . 1866 1854. Anson G. Phelps, 1858 1817. Jeremiah Day, d . d ., l l . d . 1867 1846. James Crocker, 1861 1838. Joel Hawes, d . d . 1867 1826. Thomas McAuley, d . d . , l l . d . 1862 1843. Joel H. Linsley, d .d . 1868 1842. Horace Holden, 1862 1859- Theodore D. Woolsey, D.D., LL.D., r . 1868 1823. Lyman Beecher, d . d . 1863 1840. John T. Norton, Esq. 1869 1842. Harvey E ly , 1863 1855. George Kellogg, Esq. 1870 1843- Edward Robinson, d . d . 1863 1867. William W . Davenport, d . d . 1870 1838. Pelatiah Perit, 1864 1852. Gen. William Williams, 1871 1848. William M. Halsted, 1864 i860. Lucius Barbour, Esq. 1873 i860. James W. McLane, D.D. 1864 1838. Mark Tucker, d . d . 1875 1848. David Wesson, r . 1865 1838. Hon. Thomas W. Williams, 1875 1848. Abraham V. Hasbrouck, l l .d . , r . 1865 Members Deceased or Resigned. 115

D e a th o r D ea th o r E lectio n . Resignation. E lection . Resignation. 1851. Rev. Simeon North, l l .d ., r . 1865 1853. Jonathan F. Stearns, d d ., r . 1870 1812. Eliphalet Nott, d . d . 1866 1842. Joel Parker, d .d . 1873 1840. Hon. Charles \V. Rockwell, 1867 1832. Hon. Peter D. Vroom, 1874 1842. Hon. William L. F. Warren, r . 1868 1856. George E . Adams, d . d . 1876 1840. Reuben H. Walworth, l l . d . 1868 1848. Hon. Daniel Haines, 1878 1848. Simeon Benjamin, 1868 Pennsylvania. 1838. William W. Chester, Esq. 1869 1812. Robert Ralston, 1836 1840. Diedrich Willers, d . d . , r . 1869 1812. Ashbel Green, d . d ., r . 1840 1834. James M. Matthews, d . d . 1870 1834- Alexander Henry, 1852. Isaac N. Wyckoff, d .d . 1870 1847 1826. Samuel Agnew, m . d . 1863. Frederick Starr, Esq. 1870 1850 1832. Cornelius C. Cuyler, d . d . 1850 1842. Samuel H . Cox, d . d . , l l .d . , r . 1870 1826. Thomas Bradford, 1852 1842. William Adams, D .D ., r . 1870 1838. Matthew Brown, D.D. 1853 1843. William W . Stone, E sq ., r . 1870 1842. Eliphalet W . Gilbert, d . d . 1845. Baxter Dickinson, d . d . , r . 1870 1853 1838. Thomas Fleming, 1855. Philemon H . Fowler, d . d . , r . 1870 1855 1826. John Ludlow, d . d . 1857 1855- Samuel T . Spear, d . d . , r . 1870 1848. Charles S. Wurts, r. 1858 i860. William A. Booth, Esq., r . 1870 1835- William S. Plumer, d .d ., r . 1859 1862. John G. Atterbury, d . d ., r . 1870 1826. William Neill, d . d . i860 1863. Robert R . Booth, d . d . , r . 1870 1832. John McDowell, d . d . 1863 1863. George L . Prentiss, d . d . , r. 1870 1840. J. W. Nevin, D .D ., r . 1865 1838. Thomas H. Skinner, d . d . 1871 1856. Matthias W . Baldwin, 1866 1842. Aristarchus Champion, Esq 1871 1859. Thomas Brainerd, d . d . 1866 00 p Robert W . Condit, d . d . 1871 1840. Bernard C. De Wolf, d .d . , r . 1867 1854- Walter Clarke, d .d . 1871 1838. William R . De Witt, d . d . 1868 1864. Sherman B. Canfield, d .d . 1871 1840. William Jessup, l l .d . 1868 1842. Ansel D. Eddy, d . d . , r . 1871 1855. William Strong, l l . d ., r . 1870 1855. M. La Rue P. Thompson, d . d ., r. 1871 1840. Rev. Albert Barnes, 1871 1852. George W . Wood, d . d . , r . 1872 1840. Hon. William Darling, 1871 1840. Charles Mills, Esq. 1872 1855- George A. Lyon, d .d . 1871 1824. Gardner Spring, d . d . *873 1838. Ambrose White, Esq., r . 1871 1838. Isaac Ferris, d . d . 1873 1864. Samuel Small, Esq ., r . 1871 1852. Walter S. Griffith, Esq. 1873 1869. Hon. Henry W . Williams, r . 1871 1826. Thomas De Witt, d . d . 1874 1855. John A. Brown, Esq. 1840. David H. Little, Esq. 1874 *873 1843. Samuel H. Perkins, Esq. 1874 i860. Jonathan B. Condit, d . d . 1875 1859. James W. Weir, Esq. 1878 i860. William S. Southworth, Esq. 1875 1872. Rev. J . H . Coulter, 1881 1839. William B. Sprague, d . d . 1876 1840. Willard Child, d .d . 1877 M a r y l a n d . 1852. Hon. William F. Allen, 1878 1834. William Nevins, d .d . 1836 1864. Joseph P. Thompson, d . d ., l l . d . 1879 1838. James G. Hamner, d .d ., r . 1865 1864. William I. Buddington, D.D. 1879 1871. Charles P. Bush, d . d . 1880 District of Columbia. 1857. Hon. William E. Dodge, 1883 1819. Elias Boudinot Caldwell, 1825 1853- Oliver E. Wood, 1883 1826. Joseph Nourse, 1841 1853. Montgomery S. Goodale, 1884 1842. John C. Smith, d . d . , r . 1870 1870. Richard P. Buck, 1884 V i r g i n i a . 1876. L . T . Chamberlain, d . d ., r . 1884 1823. John H. Rice, d .d . 1831 1878. Augustus F. Beard, d .d . , r . 1885 1832. George A. Baxter, d .d . 1841 New Jersey. 1826. William Maxwell, 1857 1812. Elias Boudinot, l l . d . 1822 1834. Thomas P. Atkinson, m .d ., r . 1859 1823. Edward Dorr Griffin, d . d . 1838 1826. Gen. John H . Cocke, 1866 1812. Samuel Miller, d . d . , r . 1839 North Carolina. 1826. James Carnahan, d . d ., r . 1849 1834. Joseph Caldwell, d . d . 1826. Archibald Alexander, d . d . , r . 1850 1835 1834. W . McPheters, d . d . 1843 1855- F. T. Frelinghuyseu, r . 1859 1826. Theodore Frelinghuysen, LL.D. 1862 South Carolina. i860. Hon. William Pennington, 1862 1826. Moses Waddell, d .d . 1840 1840. Hon. Joseph C. Hornblower, 1864 1826. Benjamin M. Palmer, d .d . 1848 1823. S. V. S. Wilder, 1865 1839. Reuben Post, d . d ., r . 1855 1838. David Magie, d . d . 1865 G e o r g ia . 1856. Lyndon A . Smith, m . d . 1866 1838. Richard T. Haines, r . 1867 1826. John Cummings, m . d . 1838 1855. Rev. Thornton A. Mills, 1867 1834. Thomas Golding, d . d . 1848 1842. J. Marshall Paul, m . d ., r . 1870 1834. Hon. Joseph H. Lumpkin. i i 6 Members Deceased or Resigtied.

D e a th o r D ea th o r E le c tio n . TenneBSee. Resignation. E lectio n . Resignation. 1826. Charles Coffin, d .d . 1851. Rev. Aratas Kent, r . 1865 1834. Isaac Anderson, d . d . 1851. William H. Brown, 1867 1842. Samuel Rhea, Esq. 1864 1868. Devillo R. Holt, Esq., r . 1870 1826. Nathan S. S. Beman, d . d . 1871 O h io . 1853. Rev. William Carter, 1871 1832. James Hoge, d . d . , r . 1847 1853- Rev. J. W. Cunningham, r . 1871 1826. Robert G. Wilson, d .d . 1855 1871. Henry Hitchcock, Esq., r . 1872 1834. Robert H . Bishop, d . d . 1855 1857- Rev. W. Henry Williams, 1877 1851. Gabriel Tichenor, 1855 1874. Hon. William I. Phelps, 1883 1845. Rev. Harvey Coe, i860 1853- Augustus T. Norton, d . d . 1884 1853. Robert W. Steele, r . 1865 1867. Hon. Charles G. Hammond, 1884 1851. Henry Smith, d . d ., r . 1867 1853. William S. Curtis, d . d . 1885 1857. Truman P. Handy, Esq., r . 1870 1838. George E. Pierce, d . d . 1871 M i c h i g a n . 1851. D. Howe Allen, d .d . 1871 1838. Eurotas P. Hastings, r . 1865 1853. Henry L. Hitchcock, d . d . , r . 1871 1851. Hon. Charles Noble, 1875 1867. C. N . Olds, l l . d ., r . 1871 1851. Samuel W. Fisher, d . d . 1874 W i s c o n s i n . 1843. Samuel C. Aiken, d . d . 1879 1840. Rev. Chauncey Eddy, 1861 1869. Andrew L. Grimes, Esq. 1880 1851. Eliphalet Cramer, Esq. 1871 1883. Hon. Reuben Hitchcock, 1883 1840. Edward W. Hooker, d . d . 1875 i860. Rev. Enos J. Montague, 1880 I n d i a n a .

1838. Elihu W. Baldwin, d .d . 1841 I o w a .

1853. Samuel Merrill, 1855 1843. William Wisner, d . d . 1871 1842. Charles White, d . d . 1862 1851. Hon. Jeremiah Sullivan, r . 1867 M is s o u r i. 1867. Joseph Tuttle, d .d . , r . 1874 1840. Artemas Bullard, d . d . 1856 1851. Henry A. Nelson, d .d . , r . 1870 I ll in o is . M in n e s o t a . 1821. Gideon Blackburn, d . d . 1839 1853. David A. Smith, 1865 1867. Daniel W . Ingersoll, Esq. 1870 Officers of the Board. II7

OFFICERS OF THE BOARD.

D e a th o r D ea th o r Election. Resignation. E lection . Resignation. Presidents. 1865 Abner Kingman, Esq. 1877 1863 d . d . 1810 John Treadwell, l l . d . 1823 Andrew L. Stone, 1866 1865 1823 Joseph Lyman, d .d . 1826 James M . Gordon, Esq. 1876 1866 Rufus Anderson, d .d . 1826 John Cotton Smith, l l .d . 1841 1875 1868 Ezra Farnsworth, Esq. 1841 Theo. Frelinghuysen, l l . d . 1857 1869 Edmund K. Alden, d . d . 1876 1857 Mark Hopkins, d .d ., l l .d . 1870 J . Russell Bradford, Esq. 1883 1870 Hon. Joseph S. Ropes. Vice-Presidents. 1875 Egbert C. Smyth, d .d .

1810 Samuel Spring, D.D. 1819 1876 Edwin B. Webb, d . d . 1819 Joseph Lyman, d .d . 1823 1876 Charles C. Burr, Esq. 1823 John Cotton Smith, l l .d . 1826 1876 Elbridge Torrey, Esq. 1826 Stephen Van Rensselaer, l l .d . 1839 1878 Rev. Isaac R. Worcester, 1882 1839 Theo. Frelinghuysen, l l . d . 1841 1882 Albert H . Plumb, d . d . 1841 Thomas S. Williams, l l . d . 1857 1883 Hon. William P. Ellison. 1857 William Jessup, l l . d . 1864 1884 Rev. Charies F. Thwing. 1864 Hon. William E . Dodge, 1883 1883 Eliphalet W . Blatchford. Corresponding Secretaries.

1810 Samuel Worcester, D.D. 1821 Prudential Committee. 1821 Jeremiah Evarts, Esq. 1831 1810 William Bartlett, Esq. 1814 1831 Elias Cornelius, d . d . 1832 1810 Samuel Spring, D.D. 1819 1832 Benjamin B. Wisner, d . d . 1835 1810 Samuel Worcester, d .d . 1821 1832 Rufus Anderson, d . d . 1866 1812 Jeremiah Evarts, Esq. 1830 1832 Rev. David Greene, 1848 d . d . 1815 Jedidiah Morse, d . d . 1821 1835 William J . Armstrong, 1847 1818 Hon. William Reed, 1834 1847 Rev. Selah B. Treat, 1877 d .d . 1819 Leonard Woods, d . d . 1844 1848 Swan L. Pomroy, 1859 1852 George W . Wood, d . d . 1871 1821 Samuel Hubbard, l l .d . 1843 1865 N . G. Clark, d .d . 1821 Warren Fay, d . d . 1839 Edmund K . Alden, d .d . 1828 Benjamin B. Wisner, d .d . 1835 1876 John 0 . Means, d .d . 1831 Elias Cornelius, d . d . 1832 1880 1883 1832 Hon. Samuel T . Armstrong, 1850 1884 Judson Smith, d . d . 1832 Charles Stoddard, Esq. 1873 Assistant Corresponding Secretaries. *834 John Tappan, Esq. 1864 1835 Daniel Noyes, Esq. 1846 1824 Rev. Rufus Anderson, 1832 1837 Nehemiah Adams, d .d . 1869 1858 Rev. David Greene, 1832 1839 Silas Aiken, d .d . 1849 ^ 4 3 William W . Stone, Esq. 1850 Recording Secretaries. 1845 Hon. William J . Hubbard, 1859 1849 Augustus C. Thompson, d . d . 1810 Calvin Chapin, d . d . 1843 1850 Hon. William T . Eustis, 1868 1843 Rev. Selah B. Treat, 1847 1850 Hon. John Aiken, 1865 1847 Samuel M. Worcester, d .d . 1866 1851 Hon. Daniel Safford, 1856 1866 John 0 . Means, D.D. 1881 1854 Henry Hill, Esq. 1865 1881 Rev. Henry A. Stimson, 1856 Isaac Ferris, d .d . 1857 1856 A sa D . Smith, d . d . 1863 Treasurers. 1856 Walter S. Grffith, Esq. 1870 1857 Hon. Alpheus Hardy. 1810 Samuel H. Walley, Esq. 18 11 1859 Hon. Linus Child, 1870 18 11 Jeremiah Evarts, Esq. 1822 i860 William S. Southworth, Esq. 1865 1822 Henry Hill, Esq. 1854 1863 Rev. Albert Bames, 1870 1854 James M. Gordon, Esq. 1865 1863 Robert R . Booth, d . d . 1870 1865 Langdon S. Ward, Esq. i r 8 Officers of the Board.

D e a th o r D ea th o r E lectio n . Resignation. E lection . Resignation. A u d i t o r s . 1834 Daniel Noyes, Esq. 1835 1810 Joshua Goodale, Esq. 1812 1835 Charles Scudder, Esq. 1847 1812 Samuel H. Walley, Esq. 1813 1842 Moses L. Hale, Esq. , 1868 1813 Charles Walley, Esq. 1814 1847 Hon. Samuel H. Walley, 1876 1814 Chester Adams, Esq. 1817 1867 Hon. Joseph S. Ropes, 1870 1817 Ashur Adams, Esq. 1822 1868 Hon. Thomas H. Russell, 1876 1822 Chester Adams, Esq. 1827 1870 Hon. A very Plumer. 1827 William Ropes, Esq. 1829 1874 Richard H. Steams, Esq. 1875 1829 John Tappan, Esq. 1834 1875 Elbridge Torrey, Esq. 1876 1829 Charles Stoddard, Esq. 1832 1876 James M. Gordon, Esq. 1832 Hon. William J. Hubbard, 1842 1876 Hon. Arthur W. Tufts. Honorary Members of the Board. i

HONORARY MEMBERS.

FROM OCTOBER i, 1880, TO SEPTEMBER 30, 1885*

M a in e . New Hampshire. V e r m o n t . Abbott, Mrs. E. J. Adams, Henry P. Anderson, Anna M . Adriance, Rev. S. Winchester Barnum, Rev. Samuel H. Bagley, L. G. Bacon, Rev. Edward E. Batchelder, Mrs. Mary G. Baker, A . O. Bayley, Rev. Frank T. Bell, Rev. Samuel Barnes, Sara F. Black, Mrs. Abby E. Bouton, Mrs. Nathaniel Bartlett, Louisa L. Brock, Mrs. George Boylston, Abby F. Beckwith, Mrs. Abby W. Brock, Adelaide M. Brown, Elisha R. Beckwith, B. Smith Burnham, Rev. Collins G. Burnham, D. S. Bell, Helen Burpee, E . R. Carter, Rev. Charles F. Borland, John T . Chandler, A . C. Chase, A . B. Bowditch, Mrs. H . Emily Chapman, Cullen C. Claggett, Rufus P. Brooks, Laura L. Clark, F. Lewis Clark, Frank E. Brooks, S. T . Cousins, Rev. E. M. Colburn, Rev. Henry H. Bushee, Rev. Wm. A . Cousins, Mrs. Humphrey Colby, A. P. Callender, Ada li. Cutler, Mrs. Charlotte B. Colby, Wiliam H . H. Carpenter, Charles M. Daniels, Mrs. Mary L. Connor, Levi S. Carr, Rev. William Drew, Josie F. Dana, Mrs. Sylvester Clark, Luman F. Drummond, Ezekiel B. Danforth, Mrs. Charles S. Cobb, E . A . Duran, Mrs. Rebecca R. Donnelle, Albert J . Cooke, Mary Fiske, Mary McGaw Dow ,John Crane, Romanus E. Gould, Mrs. Althea Chase Downs, Amasa Crosman, Addie R. Hall, Mrs. Mary D. Elliot, Mrs. Elizabeth Hodgdon Cummings, Henry A . Hardy, Rev. Daniel Warren Ellis, Mrs. Nancy N. Cushman, Henry T. Harwood, John French, Leonard Elliot, Mira F. Hinkley, Rufus H. Gaines, Marshall R. English, Rev. Wm. F. Hinkley, Stephen Gordon, Mary' Frost, Florence Hoisington, Mrs. H. R. Gordon, Nathaniel, Jr. Krost, Jane B. Holt, Hiram Grover, Rev. George W. Fuller, Rev. J . K. Jefferds, J. Forrest Hadley, Rev. W. A. Hall, Martha J . Larrabee, Mrs. Rachel K. Hammond, A . S. Harris, Charles P. Little, William D. Herrick, Henry W. Hart, Mrs. Jennie Warner Loring, L. R. Jones, Daniel W. Harwood, Albert Loring, Mary Ann Kimball, Anne A . Haven, Mrs. Charlotte F,. Low, Fred. H. Kimball, Charles Hawes, John Marr, Sylvester Knowles, Mrs. Abigail S. Hazen, Perley F. Martin, Mrs. Phebe R . Lane, Henry H. Holbrook, Rev. Amos Merrill, H . Maria Lane, James D. Hubbard, Lorenzo W . Merrill, Israel Warren Littlefield, Seth Hudson, H . B.. Evangelist. Newcomb, Elisha, Jr. Mason, Samuel B. Jennings, Rev. Isaac, Jr. O ’ Brion, Lewis Mason, Willie F. Keniston, Nathan Oxnard, Edward P. Melvin, Harriet A. Knowlton, Kent Packard, Bertha L. Moody, Rev. Calviu B. Ladd, Mason W . Packard, Harry O. Mooney, Rev. Roderick J. Lambert, Helen B. Packard, Mrs. Julia A. Mooney, Mrs. Roderick J. Martin, Mrs. A . Packard, Mabel M. Newell, John P. Martin, George A. Percy, David I. Norton, Rev. S. Martin, Rev. George E. Perry, Rev. Trueman S. Nott, Guy S. Mclntire, Lewis Phelps, Mrs. Lucy T. Odlin, Mrs. Woodbridge McKinnon, Robert Prince, John R. Page, S. Elizabeth Mills, Rev. B. Fay Richards, Rev. J. S. Parker, Charles S. Morgan, Minnie G. Ridley, Mrs. Betsey G. Pennell, Robert F. Munroe, Mrs. Henrietta P. Ridley, Madison Pettee, Horace Newell, Margaret F. Ridlon, Joseph Pike, Rev. Clarence Noyes, Barber A. Ross, Mrs. Martha Jane Richardson, Rev. D . W. Page, Henrietta Richardson Russell, Abel Rollins, Rev. John C. Parker, Susan D. Sampson, A . H . Russell, William W. Partridge, Rev. L . C. Sewall, Mrs. Eliza T. Sanborn, Oscar P. Peck, Elizabeth Snow, Rev. Benj. P. Seavey, Mrs. Mary C. H. Plumb, C. H . H . Southworth, Rev. Francis Smart, Calvin Potter, Hugh Thomas, Mrs. Susie Ross Stearns, George W . Potts, Alonzo M . Thomes, Oren S. Stewart, Mrs. John H. Preston, Henry W . Tinker, Rev. Anson P. Taintor, Rev. Charles H. Quimby, John T. True, J. H. Tebbetts, George W , 0 . Roberts, R . W . Walker, John F. Webster, Mrs. P. W. Ross, Henry Walker, Mrs. Mary Z. Wilcomb, Charles A. Rouse, Jasper A. Waterman, John A. Sargent, Rev. C. S. Whitehead, Hattie Savage, Frances A.

♦ T h e names of all Honorary Members constituted such from the beginning up to 1870 may be found in Annual Report for that year; those constituted from 1870 to 1875 in the Report for 1875, and those from 187 1880 in the Report for 1880. The full list is omitted here to save expense. 1 20 Honorary Members of the Board.

Smith, Richard Broughton, Frank Driver, Samuel Somers, A . B. Brown, George F. Drown, Edward Stevens, Nellie P. Brown, James A. Duncan, Mrs. Lydia G. Stewart, Emma B. Brown, Mrs. Martha J. Dutton, Albert I., Jr. Stone, Hervey Buell, George C. Dyer, Simeon D. Stone, Isaac C. Bullock, Mrs. Mary E. Eaton, Thomas E. N. Styles, George M. Burnham, Leonard Eddy, Rev. S. W. Thompson, George R . Bums, Rev. William T. Eddy, Mrs. S. W. Towne, Salem Burr, Rev. Austin H. Eddy, Walter Twitchell, Alice I. Burrage, Mrs. Harriet L. Edes, Mrs. N. Elizabeth Tyler, William C. Burrell, Mrs. Cornelia M. Edwards, George Wainwright, Mrs. Martha Agnes Burrill, Alfred C. Eldred, Edwin Walker, Aldace F. Butler, Martha L . Eldredge, Rev. Henry W. Walker, Mrs. Sarah Canning, William P. Ellis, Charles A . Weeks, Mary S. Camp, Edward C. Evans, Rev. Wm. H. White, F. C. Campbell, William C. Farnsworth, Ellen S. Wilder, Joseph Carpenter, Philip M . Farnum, B. Holt Wilder, Mary A. Carpenter, Dr. E . A . Farrar, Granville R. Carter, Mrs. Phebe W. Farrar, Mrs. William K. M assachusetts. Carter, Sylvester B. Faunce, Velma Abbot, John Alden Case, Florence E va Fay, Hamilton B. Adams, A sa Chadbum, T. W. Fisher, Sewall Adams, Charles D. Chadsey, J. W. Fiske, Mrs. Mary A. Adams, Rev. Frank S. Chapin, Annie G. Fitch, Mrs. E. A. Frances Adams, Peter Chapin, Orlando Fitch, Henry H. Agry, George, Jr. Chase, George F. Flagg, Bernard W . Ainsworth, Daniel W. Chase, George S. Flint, Mrs. S. W. Alcott, William Davis Cheever, Mrs. Elizabeth Bancroft Fobes, Edwin F. Aldrich, Charles A . Childs, Mrs. Maronett P. Forbes, Edwin Horace Aldrich, Charles E. Choate, Hannah E. Forbes, Frederick Aldrich, Mrs. Helen F. Church, Hezekiah W. Ford, Edward T. Aldrich, Mrs. Jeanie M. Churchill, E v a Belden Ford, Frederick E. Alden, George W. Churchill, Samuel B. Foster, Mrs. Annie M. Allen, Benjamin D . Clapp, Martha E. Foster, Charles H. Allen, David B. Clark, Alvan W. Foster, Mrs. Ella E. Allen, Rev. Frank H. Clark, Charles W. Foster, Freeman S. Allen, Fred. Clark, Ella M. Foster, Henry D. Anderson, Edward N. Clark, Mrs. Emily B. Foster, Horace P. Anderson, John Clark, Mrs. Harriet E. Fowler, George D. Appley, James L. Clarke, Lewis S. Fox, J . William Arms, Emily M. Clifford, Mrs. Kate Parsons Freeman, Edwin Armsby, Mrs. Alice Davis Cobb, A . C. Frink, Florence Leonola Armsby, Amos Cobb, C. C. Frye, Newton P. Avery, Mrs. J. D. Cobum, George W. Fuller, Augustus Babson, Nathaniel Coker, Catherine Fuller, Charles M. Bainger, Mrs. Catherine Nye Cole, H. Hammond Fuller, Ebenezer Balch, William Cole, J . Nelson Gage, James U. Baldwin, Curtis M. Cole, J. Newton Galloupe, Mrs. Sarah F. Baldwin, Rev. F. W. Cole, Richard Emmons Gardner, Charles Ball, James H. Collyer, Rev. George L. Gay, Nathaniel Ballard, C. H. Colman, Charles W . G ay, N . D. Bancroft, Jefferson Coney, Clara G ay, Sanford Barlow, Mrs. Atwell Coney, William F. Gibbs, Lambert Barry, Charles T. Converse, Charlotte E . Gibbs, Lambert H . Barry, Mary C. Converse, Clarence S. Gilman, Sarah Jane Barton, William D. Cook, J . B. Gilman, Francis B. Barton, William H. H. Cooley, Mrs. Abbie S. Gladden, Rev. Washington Bassett, Austin Cowan, Rev. Perez D. Goddard, Ira N . Batchelder, Clark A . Cowderey, Robert Goldthwait, Charles Beach, Harlan P. Cowdrey, Ella M. Goodrich, Hattie M . Beane, Florence V . Crandall, Mrs. Edwin L. Goodrich, Mrs. Jennie L. Belden, Oscar Crawford, Rev. L. S. Goodrich, Mrs. Mary E. Bell, John Christy, Rev. Albert B. Goodwin, Mrs. Eliza Bement, Mrs. Elizabeth Dodd Crocker, Stoughton D. Goodwin, T. Livingston Bemis, J . Orlando Crosby, Elkanah Gould, James E . Benedict, R ev. George Culliton, James E. Granger, Edwin Blades, Rev. John T . Cummings, Adel Bertha Granton, Isabella C. Blair, Rev. John J. Cummings, Clara D. Greeley, Rufus F. Blake, Mrs. S. L. Cummings, Helena A . Green, Charles O. Blakeslee, Rev. Erastus Currier, Augustus N. Greene, Edward W . Bliss, F. A. Curtis, Mrs. Mary C. Greene, John F. Blood, George D. Cutler, Arthur S. Greenwood, Mrs. Julia B. Bolster, Rev. W . H . Cutler, Carrie B. Greenwood, T . Henry Bond, Helen Augusta Cutler, E. H. Grover, Rev. Richard Baxter Bosworth, William Cutler, Mrs. E. H. Gunn, Frank F. Bourne, Mrs. Evelyn F. Davenport, George H. Gunsaulus, Rev. Frank W. Bowen, Allen W. Davis, Mary C. Gurney, Alpheus Bowie, David Day, Edward Gurney, Mrs. Alpheus Boynton, Mrs. Mary E. Day, Eugene W. Guthrie, George D . Boynton, Rev. Nehemiah Day, Laura A. Haggett, Frank P. Brackett, William H. Dean, Mrs. Asahel Haggett. Mrs. Frank P. Bradly, Mary Dean, John Denniston Hall, George G. Bradshaw, Aaron Dewing, Benj. F. Hanks, Mrs. William R. Bradstreet, George F. Dickey, Rev. Myron P. Hanson, James Chester Brainerd, J . P. Dickinson, Mrs. Ardelia H. Harding, Willie E. Bray, Charles F. Dodd, Joseph H. Harris, Lucian M. Brewer, Cyrus Dole, Herbert H . Hartwell, Shattuck Brewer, Mrs. Jessie H. Dole, William W. Haskell, Anna S. Brewer, Mrs. Mary Ada Draper, Mrs. H. O. Haskell, Charles A. Brigham, Henry H. Draper, Samuel A . Haskell, D. L. Honorary Members of the Board. 121

Hayden, Henry C. Lyman, Fannie E. Reed, Mrs. Mehitablc Hayes, Fred. A . Lyman, Lauren D. Rhodes, Charles M . Hayward, Albert F. Mains, Jeremiah Rhodes, George H. Hazen, Charlotte Mandell, William J . Rice, George L. Hazen, Edward C. Mander, George Richards, Fred. B. Hazen, Emily Marden, Kate S. Richardson, Mrs. Charlotte E. Heald, Addie L. Marchant, Peter Ripley Richardson, Frank B. Heald, Charles M. Marsh, Dwight F. Richardson, Martha Heald, Mrs. Helen E. Marsh, Elmer M. Richardson, William S. Heywood, Frank E. Marsh, Rev. Francis J. Richmond, Jeremiah T. Hill, William P. Marsh, Gamaliel Roberts, George B, Hitchcock, Calvin Marsh, Mrs. Helen P. Robertson, Alexander Hitchcock, Charles C. Marshall, Alvin Robinson, C. F. Hitchcock, Esther F. Marston, Luther M. Rockville, Uzal Hitchcock, Fred. A . Martin, Arthur H. Rockwood, Charles H . Hobbs, Mrs. Angelina R. Martin, Walter T . Rogers, Julius E. Hodges, Rev. A. C. Mason, Frank S. Root, William O. Hodges, Marcus P. Maynard, Mrs. E . C. Roper, Charles F. Hodges, M. Louise Maynard, Leander Ruddock, Alvan Holbrook, Charles W . McClatchy, Mrs. James Ruddock, Mrs. L . B. Holbrook, Richard Meader, Charles H. Sampson, Mrs. S. W . Holland, Richard Meins, Charles Everett Sands, Mrs. B. F. Horton, Clara Meredith, Carrie A . Seabury, Mrs. Martha D. Horton, L . B. Merriam, Mrs. E . C. Selden, Rev. Joseph H . Horton, Leland D. Merrill, Frank T . Sharp, James C. Howard, Mrs. Matilda B. Merrill, Jessie A. Shaw, Mrs. Diantha Howe, Harriet A. Miller, Mrs. Ezekiel Shaw, Judson W. Howell, Rev. Samuel N. Mills, Lydia Sheldon, Charles M. Howes, Charles Morgan, Charles H. Sheldon, Fidelia Howland, Caroline F. Morgan, Mrs. Jane E. Short, Daniel S. Howland, Elizabeth C. Morrison, Elizabeth Shute, Katharine H . Howland, Isaac C. Morrow, Horace E. Sinclair, John E. Hubbard, Josiah W. Morse, Mrs. Emma E . Siner, William, Jr. Hubbard, Mrs. Mary Stowe Morse, James W . Smart, Joseph A. Hubbard, Phineas Morse, John L. Smith, Albert Hubbard, William L. Morse, J . W . Smith, Mrs. Benjamin Hulbert, Rev. Palmer S. Morse, Mrs. Lovett Smith, Cornelius W . Huse, George W. S. Morton, Nathaniel Smith, Edward P. Hutchinson, Alfred Munroe, Louisa Sewall Smith, Mrs. J . Augusta Hyde, Elizabeth H. Murray, Mrs. Calista C. Smith, Mrs. N . Austin Hyde, Isabella Nason, Elias C. Smith, Mrs. Norman T . Hyde, Sarah G. Nazro, Charles G. Snow, Marvin L. Jameson, E . A . Neill, Rev. H. Humphrey Spear, G. N. Jameson, George H. Newhall, Guilford S. Spooner, Silas A . Jenkins, John, Jr. Newton, Rev. A. F. Sprague, George H. Jones, E. W. Newton, George L. Staples, Rev. John C. Jones, Rev. Hampden B. Newton, Rollin D. Stark, William F. Jones, Mrs. Sarah S. Norton, Edwin M. Stearns, John Johnson, Abbie W . Noyes, Rev. Charles L. Stebbins, Charles E . Johnson, Arthur W. Noyes, Mrs. Isaac R. Stebbins, Clinton W . Johnson, Lucretia M. I Odell, Charles L. Stetson, John H. Judd, Mrs. H. A. I Oliphant, Rev. Charles H. Stickney, Joseph W. Judd, John K. Osborne, Mrs. Mary E. Stillings, Charles E . Judd, Watson S. Palmer, Mrs. Billings Stockin, Annie Keith, Marcia A. Parker, Edward M. Stockwell, E . J. Keith, Preston Bond Parsons, Mrs. Sarah A. Stoddard, Alfred C. Kellogg, Simson Partridge, M ary I. Stone, Arthur C. Kelly, Arthur W. Patten, John F. Stone, Ellen M. Kelly, J. B. Payne, George S. Stowe, M. M. Kelsey, Rev. Hiram H. Payson, Anne L. Strong, Mrs. Elizabeth G. Kemp, Robert P ay son, John P. Strong William E. Kendall, George H. Payson, Martha C. Studley, Edward A. Kendall, Ira Y . Peabody, Charles J . Studley, Edward A., Jr. Kennedy, David Pearl, George E. Studley, Horace Walker Keyes, Mrs. M. J. Peckham. George F. Studley, Reuben Kidder, Frederic H . Peirce, Mrs. Elisabeth W . Swift, John L. Kilham, Daniel A . Pennimau, Henry M. Sylvester, Mrs. Clara M. Kimball, William Perkins, George A. Taylor, Mary Kingman, Calvin D. Perkins, William P. Tead, Angie A. Kingman, Lizzie A . Pettee, Sarah J . Tenney, Charles S. Kingsbury, Katie Phelps, Charles A . Tenney, Sarah C. Knight, Benj. F. Phillips, Luther Terhune, Rev. Edward P., d . d . Knight, Catherine M. Pitman, Joseph R . Thayer, Mrs. Clara C. Knowles, Lucius J . Poor, John M. Thayer, D. S. Lamberton, Melzar Pratt, Dana I. Thomas, Charles O. Lane, Mrs. S. M. Pratt, Stillman B. Thomas, Mrs. Esther G. Langworthy, Frank M. Prentice, Rev. Dwight N. Thomas, I I . Andrew Lathrop, William H. Preston, Calvin Thompson, Charles O. Lawrence, Robert Price, Rev. Lewis V. Thompson, Mrs. William B. Leathe, Miss R. M. Prouty, Oriville W. Thompson, William J . Leavell, Rev. Wm. Hayne Putnam, Webster Thurlow, Lois Jane Leavitt, E. H. Ramsdell, Frank E. Thwing, Rev. Charles F. Lincoln, William H . Ramsden, Samuel J . Thwing, Mrs. Charles F. Loomis, Charles H . Read, Enoch M. Tirrell, Mrs. Sarah Loring, Eldora E. Read, Ferdinand S. Tison, Alexander Loring, Mrs. Rosetta E. Reed, Mrs. Almira Tower, C. C. Loud, Gilman B. Reed, George Towne, D . Freeman Love, Rev. A. L. Reed, Mrs. Hammond Towne, S. R. Lovering, Rev. J. F. Reed, Henry B. Tripp, Benjamin A . Lwzardar, Mrs. Clarissa H. Reed, Mary G. Trow , Charles W . 122 Honorary Members of the Board.

Truesdell, Olive M. Sherman, John W . Dingwell, Mrs. Mary C. Trull, Elliott F. Smith, Addie E . Doolittle, Orrin Sage Tuck, Mary E. Smith, M. Alice Dorrance, Mrs. Mary H. Tucker, George E. Sprague, Charles Eastman, Harriet M. Tucker, J. F. Stevens, Miss A. F. Ells, Harriet L. Tufts, Mrs. Mary C. Stockwell, Thomas B. Fairchild, Mrs. Thera M. Underhill, Mrs. Helen A . Taylor, Charles F. Fancher, John Underhill, John J . Viall, Richmond Fitch, Jasper A. Upton, Henry Van Dyke, Rev. Henry J., Jr. Foote, Cullen B. Varnum, Atkinson C. Wilbar, Francis Fortune, John Voorhees, J . Spencer Wood, Mark H. Foster, Joseph Waldo, Harlan P. Woodworth, Rev. Leverett S. Foy, James H. Wallis, Calvin Galpin, Frederick N. Walton, Milton L. Connecticut. Gilbert, Samuel Dutton Ward, Mrs. Caroline L . Abbe, Wolcott Gleason, Rev. C. H. Ward, Mark Hopkins Adams, Mrs. Henry Goodrich, Heppie E . W ard, Ruth Porter Allen, Charles I. Goodrich, P. Henry Ward, S. J. Allen, Howard D. Gordon, Rev. George A . Ward, William E. Dodge Andrews, Edwin H. Graves, Eliza S. Warfield, H . L . Angell, Gideon Griffith, Rev. George W . Warner, Lewis Averill, Mrs. Roger Griggs, Mrs. Eliza Jane Washburn, Nathan H. Ayers, William O. Griggs, John Cornelius Welch, Hattie F. Bacon, Mrs. Caroline E. Griggs, Mrs. Sarah L. Wellington, Mrs. W . H . Backus, Rev. Jabez Hall, Charles H. West, Mrs. Maria Backus, Mrs. Joseph W. Harvey, Rev. Joseph P. Wetherby, Mrs. C. Antoinette Barbour, Jam es G. Hawes, Mrs. Edward Wheelwright, Rebecca J. Barnes, E . Henry Hickox, Charles L. Whipple, M. K. Barnes, Mrs. Ella J. Shares Hillard, Mrs. Julia W. Whitcomb, Lawrence Bartlett, Rev. H . M . Hine, George Whitcomb, Russell Bartlett, John P. Hodges, Helen R . Whitcomb, William W . Bassett, Mrs. Adeline J. Hodges, Levi White. Jonas Beach, Mrs. Maria L. Hogeboom, Miss M . R . White, Joseph A. Beardsley, Mrs. Alura H. Hoisington, Rev. Henry R. Whitin, Henry W. Beardsley, Theodore H . Holman, Rev. W . H. Whitin, Mrs. Sarah J. Belden, Agnes W . Hotchkiss, Alice M. Whitmarsh, Mrs. Diantha Belding, Mrs, Lizzie S. Hubbard, Luther P. Whitmarsh, Frederick P. Benedict, Rev. A . J . Hunter, Libbie L . Whitney, Edward Benedict, Edgar A . Husted, Jabez Willey, Albert L. Benedict, Samuel N . Hutchins, Mrs. Gertrude M. Wilkinson, John Benedict, Mrs. Thomas C. Hutchinson, George Wilkinson, Lizzie Benham, Frederic W . Hutchinson, George C. Wiley, George F. Billard, John L. Hutchinson, Thomas S. Williams, Martha F. Billman, Rev. Howard Hyde, George Fuller Williams, Mrs. Philander Blake, Arthur Clark Hyde, Harriet Louise Winship, Rev. Albert E. Bradley, A. L. Jenkins, Rev. Frank E. Winslow, Isaac S. Bradley, Grace Jennings, O. B. Winsor, Whitman S. Breckenridge, E . K. Jerome, Timothy G. Witherby, L. K. Brewer, Mrs. Josiah Jewell, Charles A. Wolcott, Austin D. Brewster, Mrs. Mary L. Jewett, Rev. S. D. Wood, Charles H . W . Bronson, Phineas M. Johnson, Eric H. Wood, Rev. Franklin P. Brown, Chauncey E. Kelley, Newton B. Wood, George H. Brown, Rev. Herbert S. Kellogg, George A. Wood, Mrs. Mary W. Brown, Walter C. Kellogg, Rev. George N. Wood, William H. Bryant, Rev. S. J. Kellogg, Mrs. Lydia A. S. Woodbury, Roland P. Buck, Henry Kilbourn, Benj. H . Woodbury, Miss S. C. Bunnell, Carrie M ay Kimberly, Enos S. Woods, Mrs. Caroline W . Bunnell, Mrs. Catherine M. Kinney, Myron Woods, George L. Bunten, William E. Knapp, Charles L. Woodward, Annie B. Burdick, Morris M. Lacey, Charles Woodward, Mrs. George M. Burlingame, Ezekiel R. Law, Lyman T. Woodworth, A . B. Burt, L. W. Leek, Julia M. Wright, Herbert W. Bushnell, Rev. John E. Lewis, A. N. Wright, Mary C. Butler, Egbert T. Lewis, Rev. E. E. Butler, Mrs. Eli Lincoln, Edgar S. Camp, Hiram Lockwood, Elizabeth Rhode Island. Camp, John N. Loomis, Erastus M . Ames, Ellen B. Camp, Nelson H. Maltby,'E. Chapman Ames, Herman V. Chaffee, Eugene W . Marvin, William E. Babcock, Samuel B. Chandler, Frances Woods Mathewson, Edward P. Babcock, Sarah Abby Chandler, Mrs. Lucy I. Maxwell, Frank T. Baker, Harriet C. Chandler, W . E . McKnight, Harry C. Barrows, Edwin Chapman, Mrs. Mary A. McKnight, John T. Bowden, Charles H. Chichester, F . E. McLeod, Rev. A. J. Brown, Mrs. Jane E. Churchill, Mrs. Annie S. Mead, Mattie A. Clapp, Mrs. Isabella R. Clark, George P. Merrill, Charles Day, Anthony B. Clark, Rev. Henry Merriman, Mrs. Anna E. Draper, John L. Clarke, Charles F. Merwin, Gaius S. Fuller, Mrs. Mary I. Clarke, Herman D. Monroe, Elbert B. Gardiner, Ida E. Clarke, Rev. Joseph B. Moody, Charles W. Gaylord, George B. Close, Mrs. A m y M. Morehouse, John B. Green, Henry M. Cogswell, William B. Munyon, Sarah Hammett, Charles E., Jr. Collins, Ella L. Nash, Clarence Lathrop, Mrs. H. N. Cone, Ralph Newton, Mrs. J. S. Martin, Abbie M. Converse, Joseph P. Nichols, Abigail Mcllvane, Rev. J. Hall Cook, Hattie 1. Noble, Charles H . McGregor, Rev. Alex. Cowles, Loyal B. Northrop, Rev. Charles S. Peck, Virginia F. Curtis, Mrs. Homer Orcutt, Mrs. Payson B. Potter, Ralph G. Darrow, Mrs. Titus Ostrum, Mrs. Luella Pyke, James T. Dayton, Lucretia H. Owen, Mrs. Em ily W . Sawtelle, Franklin J. Dimock, Rufus R. Packard, Mrs. Carrie S Honorary Member's of the Board. i

Pardee, Frank W. Baer, Mrs. M ary Parker, E . S. Parsons, Charles D. Baker, Flavius J. Parsons, Mrs. A . De F. Payne, Daniel Benedict, Mrs. M ary M. Patterson, Robert A . Pay son, Rev. Edward P. Board, Robert C. Patteson, Robert A . Peck, Rev. Charles H. Bradford, Rev. Benjamin F. Patteson, William M. Percival, Loren W. Bradley, Mrs. Sarah C. Payne, Barney W. Perkins, Mrs. Charles Braman, Benjamin Peck, Rev. W . J . Perkins, Erastus Bulkley, J. W. Peirce, Charles P. Perry, Richard Andrews Burton, Charles E . Plumley, Edmund J. Pettibone, Rev. Charles H . Campbell, M ary Ellen Powers, Mrs. Clarissa Phipps, Rev. Wra. H. Carson, Mrs. Almira Rand, Rev. W . W . Pratt, Thomas S. Chate, Mrs. Henry L. Reynolds, Mary A. Prudden, Lillian E. Chatfield, Mrs. Mary Richards, Rev. L. E. Randall, John C. Clapp, Mrs. W . F. Rogers, Richard A. Randle, Henry C. Clark, Mrs. Elizabeth Rowe, Mrs. L. G. Reynolds, Annie M. Clark, Mrs. William H. Russell, Jessie Rickets, Rev. Charles H. Clizbe, Rev. Ja y Russell, Lawrence Robbins, Frederick W . Collins, Levi Russell, L. W. Robbins, George A . Collins, Myron Safford, LaFayette M. Robinson, Leoni W . Comstock, Elisha Selleck, Franklin Rockwell, George P. Comstock, Harriet A. Sheppard, John S. Rogers, Daniel O. Crocker, Alice Sheppard, Louisa P. Rowland, W. E. Curtiss, Rev. Gilbert A. Sheppard, Morris F. Ryder, Mrs. George E. Dalton, Rev. Martin Luther Sheppard, Sarah F. Sawtelle, F. G. Dixon, Mortimer C. Smillie, William C. Scoville, George H. Duers, Rev. Henry E. Steele, Joseph Scudder, Rev. Wm. W., Jr. Duvall, William E . Stevens, Rev. George B. Seeley, Henry W. Eames, Arthur W . Stewart, Cyrus Seelye, Jane H. Eames, Edward Ashley Stiles, Rev. W . C. Selleck, Henry K. Eames, Frederick M. St. John, Luanna E. Sharpe, William H . Eames, Harriet Day Strickland, Russell K. Shaw, George E. Eames, Mary Alice Sye, John Sherwood, E. Cornelius Eames, Robert M. Thompson, Mrs. John Sherwood, Levi Frank Eames, Willard D. Thorpe, J . W. Smith, Mrs. Asenath A . Eells, Mrs. George M. Todd, Rev. John Smith, William M. Fairbairn, Edward Twichell, Mrs. Cordelia Snow, Rev. Frederick E. Fitch, Augustus S. Van Slyke, Lydia M. Snyder, Rev. Peter M. Frazee, Rev. John H. Van Voast, Catharine Stanley, Mervin Clark French, William B. Wallace, I. P. Stark, Edward N. Garretson, Rev. George R. Way, Mrs. Sarah A. Stark, William L. Garry, Robert Wightman, Orrin Sage Starkweather, Annie Gaylord, Rev. Willis C. Williams, Chauncey P. Starr, William J . Grcin, Louise C. Williams, George B. Stevens, Edward Haines, Mrs. Emmor Wood, Mrs. Rebecca St. John, George P>. Haines, Mrs. George R. Yale, L. B. Stocking, Ezra G. Hale, Elizabeth D. Young, Rev. Conway Wing Stone, Mars- E. Hale, Wilfred S. Talcott, Edward M. Hamilton, Mary A. Pennsylvania. Talcott, John G. Hammell, Henry Taylor, Charles L. Harrington, Rev. James L. Blake, Barton F. Taylor, Edward Hart, Mrs. Mary S. Campbell, William Taylor, Frank S. Hart, William A. Dame, Samuel P. Taylor, Rev. Graham Haskell, H. N. Dana, Rev. Stephen W . Thomas, George M. Haskell, P. N. Danforth, Mrs. Alice M. Thompson, Hiram C. Haydn, Lucinda Elwell, Mrs. Rachel Thorpe, Charles H. Hepworth, Rev. George H. Gross, Daniel W . Thrall, Rev. George S. Hickok, George S. Hall, Annie B. Tompkins, Charles B. Hill, Henry W. Horner, John H. Utley, Mrs. Mary A. Hodges, Am y M. Ingalls, Mrs. Augusta S. Viets, Rev. Francis H. Hodges, Fannie L. Johnson, Hattie A. Vittum, Rev. Edmund M . Hodges, Mrs. Willard Johnson, Samuel A. Wadhams, Francis M. Hoole, Mrs. Celia A . Rice, Rev. Edwin W. Wadsworth, Daniel Hunt, Eugene F. Wanamaker, William W. Wakeman, M ary F . Husted, Albert N. Wirt, Henry Warner, William T. Jackson, George B. West, Samuel F. Jamison, John A. New Jersey. Wheeler, Henry J. Johnson, Mrs. Charles C. Whittlesey, Georgiana Johnson, Dwight Beaumont, Rev. J . B. Wilbor, Thomas W. Johnson, Mrs. M ary Carter, Mrs. Hettie D. Wilcox, Mrs. Fred. Johnson, Walter H . Denison, J . H. Wilcox, Henry S. Kennedy, Mrs. Julia M. Gates, Rev. George A. Wilcox, Horace C. Knight, W. M. Gilman, Mrs. Lizzie B. Willey, Lucinda Lander, Lucy F. Linnell, Rev. Edward Pay son Williams, Calvin D. Lawrence, Rev. E. A., Jr. Lyon, Phoebus W . Williams, Charles Lawrence, Robert Banksmith Myers, Lawrence Williams, Schuyler P. Leeper, Rev. Charles S. Neill, Rev. Henry Wilson, Mrs. G . H. Leverich, C. D. Pullan, Rev. Frederick B. Witter, Joel Manier, John Riggs, Rev. James F. Woodford, Mrs. Esther Butler Martin, Rev. E. H. Rockwell, James S. Woodford, Mrs. O. O. Mason, Mrs. S. L. Rockwell, Theron Woodruff, Rev. Henry C. Mather, Rev. Wallace E. Smith, Rev. Marshall B. Woolworth, Mrs. Sarah E . McWilliams, Mrs. Esther K. Underwood, Bessie S. Millikan, Rev. William F. Underwood, Mrs. Rev. R. S. Mills, Mrs. Marion D. White, Rev. Theodore F. N e w Y o r k . Murdock, Mrs. M. Howe Adams, Sidney E. Newell, Edward M a r y l a n d . Andrews, Phebe C. Nutting, Nina Frederika Anthony, Mrs. Margaret Page, George Chapman, Howard Hopkins. Ashley, Norman Page, Mrs. L. H. Cressy, George N. Avery, Frank Williams Page, Miss M. L. McCurdy, Rev. Irwin P. 124 Honorary Members of the Board.

District of Columbia. Henshaw, Rev. George Garrett, Arthur C. Herbert, Mollie E. Gordon, Miss M . J . Beardsley, Charles Hershy, Rev. S. B. Gregg, Mrs. Charlotte A . Carter, Henry A . P. Higgins, G. H. Guild, Rev. R. B. Deane, Llewellyn Hull, Rev. J.H . Hall, J. Sherman Galpin, Samuel H. Hughes, Rev. Thomas M. Haskell, L. Hazen, Henry A. ennings, S. A . Helmer, Mrs. Susan B. Hooper, Mrs. Frances N. ones, Clarence Lorenzo Hill, Mrs. Sarah Johnson, James B. ones, Rev. John Hobart, Mrs. Helen S. W. Lambom, William Jones, Rev. Richard M. Hobart, Dr. H. M. Robinson, Mrs. Sarah B. A. Ketter, Charles C. Jewett, Thomas. Skinner, Aaron N . King, Edwin B. Kay, Mrs. Harriet S. 'Whittlesey, George P. King, Rev. H. D. Leake, Joseph B. Ladd, Mrs. H. M. McCord, Rev. J. D. North Carolina. Lane, Hosmer C. Merrill, Lucas E . Lawrence, Mary Merrill, Mrs. Salome Seymour, John Barton Leiter, Rose Miller, Mrs. Fannie Lewis, T. E. Newell, Sara Elisabeth G e o r g i a . Longstreth, T. Norton, Rev. S. A. Lukens, Mrs. Olive Paddock, Rev. Edward A. Clark, Rev. George N. Marsh, Mrs. Abby W. Parr, Rev. John H. Lathrop, Rev. Stanley E. Marsh, J. B. T. Perry, Mrs. Clarissa F. Penney, Rev. Edgar J . McFarland, Robert C. Phelps, John Wilson McMillan, Rev. W. F. Potter, Rev. J . A . A l a b a m a . Mead, Mrs. E. S. Pratt, Lyman L. Meek, R ev. Stafford W . Prentiss, Rev. N . A . Howe, George H. Merrill, Rev. George R. Rice, Rev. Orthello V . Metcalf, Rev. Irving W. Robbins, Cephas P. T e n n e s s e e . Moore, Mrs. Mattie E. Roots, B. G. Morton, J . S. Scarborough, Henry F. Hollins, R. S. Nichols, C. M. Scott, Rev. A. J. Yerger, H. S. Nims, Samuel E . Sessions, Robert Henry Ousley, R ev. P>enjamin F. Smith, J. S. T e x a s . Peck, Mrs. Sarah A. Wallace, Mrs. Mary F. Perkins, Lauren A. West, Rev. Robert Gordon, Moses Sanborn Pierson, Rev. S. W . Williams, Rev. E. F. Robbins, Rev. Horace H. Pierson, William M . Wyckoff, Edwin Porter, L . A . O h io . Pratt, Pliny M i s s o u r i . Putnam, David Alden, J. M. Putnam, Samuel H . Adams, Rev. George C. Allen, Dudley P. Reed, Horace L. Bronson, E . P. Ballantine, William G. Riedmger, Rev. Jacob P. Budd, Thomas D. Barber, Julia A. Roberts, Rev. William Grafton Clifton, Rev. Theodore Barnard, Rev. E. C. Rodhouse, T . Frederic Collison, William Barnard, Henry C. Ryder, Rev. C. J. Davis, Walter B. Barnes, N. A. Scott, Rev. E. H. Deming, Charles Bates, Henry C. Senter, Dea. Orestes B. Drake, Rev. C. W. Bates, Theodore Shattuck, Alberto C. Ewing, Charles A. Be van, William Simpson, Rev. John W. Hale, Charles H. Biscoe, Prof. T. D. Smith, Mrs. P. B. Hamilton, William E . Black, Emma Snow, Justin Harwood, Amelia L. Blanchard, Rev. J. C. Stickney, Lucia Harwood, Isabel Howe Blondell, Miss S. A . Sturges, W. P. Jacob, Joseph Y. Bowen, Rev. William Taylor, Rev. Horace J. Jocelyn, Dana I. Brand, Rev. James Terhune, Walter E. Jones, William E. Brand, Mrs. Julia H. Tracy, F. K. Joy, Edward Bridgman, Isaac Turner, Mrs. Mary Kellogg, Sanford B. Briggs, Jerome C. Upton, Rev. A. G. Macdonald, David Brown, Prof. Abram Vance, Rev. E. D. May, Alfred K. Brown, Mary L. Wallace, William McMillan, William Burrell, Jabez L. Wallingford, M ary •Morris, Charles Burrell, Mrs. Lydia C. Wells, Rev. G. W. Oliphant, Robert W . Bushnell, Martin B. Williams, Joseph P. Parker, James H. Caldwell, Edward B. Wright, Mrs. H. Maria Parker, Josiah A. Caldwell, Mrs. Susan B. Peabody, Helen E . Camp, Mrs. Harriet A. I n d i a n a . Proctor, William O. Chamberlain, W . I. Reynolds, W. C. Chidester, William L . Burleigh, John M. Richards, William K. Churchill, Mrs. Henrietta Root, Mrs. Charles H. Cowell, George I ll i n o i s . Rowell, Clinton Crafts, Walter Scales, Carrie Louisa Crafts, Mrs. Walter Alison, Rev. Alexander Shafer, Mary I. Currier, Mrs. Ellen A. Axtell, Celestie Shelden, Stephen Curtiss, S. B. Axtell, L. C. Snow, Lewis E. Davies, Elizabeth Baker, Edward Hall Southworth, David A . Davies, Rev. John L. Banks, A. Arthur Trumbull, Morris Davies, Mary Eliza Barrett, Rev. J. P. Underwood, F. L. Davis, Lena M. Billings, Mrs. Emily A. Webster, John S. Eames, Alvah A. Blakeslee, Rev. Allan D. Weller, Rev. James Ellis, John M. Bohon, Mrs. T . B. Whitaker, Isaac Ellis, Mrs. Minerva E. Bradley, William C. Fairchild, Mrs. Maiy K. Carpenter, Mrs. Mary E. M i c h i g a n . Fisher, George M. Cochran, R ev. F . C. Foster, Mrs. Eliza Dow, Albert Barnes, R . Gadsby, Frank Dupee, Katie Brown, Rev. Charles O. Gage, Rev. John L. Dyckman, S. B. Burnham, Ella C. Gray, William I. Ellis, Rev. John Burnham, James K. Griffith, M ary Jane French, Sanford B. Clifford, Charles Parsons Hayward, Rotneus Fuller, Mrs. Jennie Hall Connor, Mrs. Anna A . Honorary Members of the Board. 125

Daniels, Mrs. Julia B. Consigny, N. B. W ashington Territory. D ’Ooge, Rev. Martin L. Dunlap, W . H . Duncan, James D. Eel Is, Rev. Dudley B. | Eells, Abbie May Duncan, Robert W. A. Goodrich, Mrs. D. O. j Eells, Chester C. Ferry, Dexter M. Hodges, Mrs. Edwin Eells, Edna Field, Dency L. Hodges, George W . j Ellis, Rev. J. F. Field, L. H. Long, Matthew j Taylor, Rev. Frank H. Field, Mrs. L. H. McDole, Alexander Gibson, Samuel A. McDole, Mrs. Alexander | Montana Territory. Hance, Mrs. Myra C. Seymour, Elbert H. | Tobey, Rev. Rufus B. Hibbard, Rev. Augustine G. Smith, Maryr B. Hickmoit, Rev. John V. Whitmore, F. E . Dakota Territory. Hill, Ernest C. Hollister, Mrs. Mary | Bascomb, Rev. George S. M in n e s o t a . House, W. B. \ Holp, Rev. Philip E. Hoyt, Rev. Henry N. J Dearborn, Mrs. John L. Seccombe, Rev. Charles Hull, Mrs. Latham Drew, Mrs. M. K. Lee, William Trumbull Harman, Amanda Wyoming Territory. Leggett, Mrs. Edwin Hartwell, Charles Stearns McKeever, Rev. I. W. | Mason, Marcus M. Kidder, Rev. Josiah Montague, Henry Merrill, Edward J. Parsons, Franees Eliza Utah Territory. Merrill, Franklin H. Parsons, Grace D. Morley, Clara Edith Bigelow, Mrs. Mary E. Parsons, Julia N . Morley, Mrs. Edith T. Parsons, Mary Lucina C a n a d a . Patton, Rev. James Lawrence Morley, Edward Treat Morley, Frank J. Perry, Rev. Charles A. Sanderson, Rev. J . G. Nichols, Kate W. Porter, Edwards Himshaw Williams, Charles T . Pattee, Charles Sumner Porter, Edwards W . Perry, J. Wesley Prudden, Rev. Theodore P. C h in a . Phillips, George M. Shaw, D. R. Andrews, Mary E. Porter, R ev. Samuel F. Slaght, Nathaniel Atterbury, Boudinot C. Porter, John Wentworth Todd, Marquis D. Chapin, Jane E. Rowell, T. D. Wallace, Rev. Robert W. Evans, Jane G. Wheaton, George A . White, Rev. Frank N. Grosvenor, Thomas G. Wilson, Mrs. Louisa Shaw, Rev. William H. Stanley, Mrs. Ursula J. W i s c o n s i n . K a n s a s . J Williams, Henrietta B. Britton, Mrs. Laura E. j Williams, Mrs. Isabella B. Bush, Rev. Allen Shaw Cassady, J. B. Evans, Rev. D. A. Chandler, Willard H. j F r a n c e . Coburn, Mrs. Elizabeth S. I Fairbanks, Frederick C. Davies, Rev. David F. N e b r a s k a . Elliott, Rev. S. G. J a p a n . Henderson, G. W. Gaylord, Ralph E. j Gouldy, Mary E. Hoyt, Lansing W. McIntosh, Rev. Charles H. | Hooper, Frances Johnson, H. Mitchell, George \V. Joslyn, Hiram Show, Arley B. ; Micronesia. Kelley, Mrs. Martha E. Taylor, Rev. George E. Kerr, Alexander | Walkup, Rev. A. C. Kilbourn, Edward B. j Walkup, Mrs. A. C. Kinney, Frank California. Knapp, Mrs. Eliza M. P e r s i a . Chapin, Samuel A . Miner, Rev. H. A . Currier, Mrs. M. H . Labaree, Rev. Benjamin Pettibone, Rev. Luman A . Field, Mrs. C. M. Porter, Frank Chamberlin Labaree, Mrs. Elizabeth W. Field, Rev. F. A. Shepard, Anna N. Nutting, Ella J. Shepard, William N. Sandwich Islands. Parker, Wallacc B. Smith, E . D. 1 Hyde, Charles K. Tolman, Bessie C. B. Stringham, Mrs. Eliza J . Sumner, Edwin S c o t la n d . C o lo r a d o . Tracy, W. A. Gordon, Mrs. Catherine Wheeler, John M. Wright, Rev. A . O. Bailey, William N. Blanchard, Rev. Addison T u r k e y . Elliott, Ezra Francis Coffing, Mrs. Josephine L. I o w a . Gage, Rev. Henry B. \ Maltbie, Esther T . Barnes, Stephen G. McLean, George L. j Moijickian, Nicholas Armenag Bingham, George W. Stickney, Mrs. Charles H. 1 Perry, Mrs. Henry T. Bissell, Rev. J. E. Stickney, Mrs. Frank H. Riggs, Charles W. Butler, Rev. Elmer W. Wright, Rev. R. B. Seager, John CONTENTS.

PAGE PAGE A n n u al M e e t i n g ...... iii District of the Interior (Dr. Humphrey’s Report) 7 Corporate Members present...... ili Publications...... n Honorary Members present...... iv The New “ Morning Star " ...... 11 Missionaries p r e s e n t...... x Aid from Publishing Societies...... 12 Organization...... x Receipts and E x p en d itu res...... 13 Minutes of Proceedings...... x Two Practical Inquiries...... 14 Annual Serm on ...... xi Supplementary N o te ...... 15 Committees A p p o in te d ...... xi-xvi Resolutions...... xi, xv, xvi The Missions. Business M e e t i n g ...... xiii Zulu Mission...... 17 Election of Officers...... xiv East Central African M ission ...... 20 New Members...... xv West Central African M ission ...... 22 Place and Preacher for next M eeting...... xvi M a p . From Benguela to Bihe, West Africa . . 23 Letters of E x cu se ...... xvii European Turkey M ission ...... 25 Dr. Alden’s Paper— The Home Department. A Western Turkey M ission ...... 28 Brief R eview ...... xviii Central Turkey Mission...... 41 Dr. Clark’s Paper— A Review of Twenty-five Eastern Turkey Mission...... 44 Y e a r s ...... xxiii Maratha M ission ...... 49 Dr. Smith’s Paper— The Future Work of the Madura M ission ...... 52 American B o ard ...... xxx Ceylon M ission ...... 56 Dr. Strong’s Paper— Missionary Literature. A Foochow Mission...... 59 Brief Survey ...... xxxviii North China M ission ...... 62 Reports of Committees on the Annual Report Hong Kong M ission ...... 69 and on the Papers submitted...... xliii Shanse Mission...... 70 On Home Department...... xliv Japan Mission ...... 72 On the Historical Papers presented from the Northern Japan M ission ...... 78 Prudential Committee...... xliii Micronesian M is s io n ...... 79 On Treasurer’s Report...... xliii The North Pacific Missionary Institute .... 82 On the Missions in A fric a ...... xliv Western Mexico M ission ...... 84 On the Missions in the Turkish Empire . . xlv Northern Mexico M ission ...... 85 On the Missions in India and Ceylon .... xlvi Mission to S p a i n ...... 86 On the Missions in C h in a ...... xlvii Mission to the Austrian E m p ir e ...... 88 On the Japan M i s s i o n ...... xlvii On the Missions in the Pacific Islands . . . xlviii Tabular View of the Missions fo r 1884-83 • • ■ 90 On the Missions in Papal L a n d s ...... xlviii Pecuniary Accounts ...... 91 Summary of Donations ...... 96 REPORT OF THE PRUDENTIAL COMMITTEE. Receipts of the B o a r d ...... 100 Places of Meeting and P rea ch ers ...... 101 Home Department. Missionaries of the B o a rd ...... 102 N e c ro lo g y ...... 3 Ccrporate M em bers ...... 110 Missionary Reinforcements ...... 3 Corporate Members Deceased or Resigned . • 113 District Secretaries...... 4 O f f i c e r s ...... 1x7 The Middle District (Mr. Kincaid’s Report) . . 6 Honorary M em bers ...... 119