Towards a Single and Innovative European Transport System International Assessment and Action Plans of the Focus Areas Final Report July 2017 mmmll European Commission Directorate-General for Mobility and Transport Directorate B – Investment, Innovation & Sustainable Transport Unit B3 – Innovation and Research Contact e-mail: [email protected] Authors: Angelos Bekiaris, Centre of Research and Technology Hellas, CERTH Oliver Lah, Wuppertal Institute for Climate, Environment and Energy Matina Loukea, Centre of Research and Technology Hellas, CERTH Gereon Meyer, VDI/VDE Innovation + Technik GmbH Beate Müller, VDI/VDE Innovation + Technik GmbH Shritu Shrestha, Wuppertal Institute for Climate, Environment and Energy Sebastian Stagl, VDI/VDE Innovation + Technik GmbH Europe Direct is a service to help you find answers to your questions about the European Union. 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Towards a Single and Innovative European Transport System International Assessment and Action Plans of the Focus Areas Final Report July 2017 Final Report – International Assessment and Action Plans of the Focus Areas Abstract The study “Towards a Single and Innovative European Transport System” is developing action plans for the establishment of an integrated transport system in Europe. This report was created in a joint effort between VDI/VDE Innovation + Technik GmbH (Germany), Wuppertal Institute for Climate, Environment and Energy (Germany) and the Centre of Research and Technology Hellas, CERTH (Greece) on behalf of the European Commission’s DG MOVE. Focus of the report is the international assessment of six different countries – Brazil, China, India, Japan, South Korea, USA – in five focus areas across all transportation modes. It provides actions plans on how to overcome existing European barriers towards a single and innovative European Transport System based on best practices and lessons learned in the countries under study. In addition to the actions plans, the study also provides recommendations for international collaboration. Authors Angelos Bekiaris, Centre of Research and Technology Hellas, CERTH Oliver Lah, Wuppertal Institute for Climate, Environment and Energy Matina Loukea, Centre of Research and Technology Hellas, CERTH Gereon Meyer, VDI/VDE Innovation + Technik GmbH Beate Müller, VDI/VDE Innovation + Technik GmbH Shritu Shrestha, Wuppertal Institute for Climate, Environment and Energy Sebastian Stagl, VDI/VDE Innovation + Technik GmbH Contact Study Coordinator: Dr Gereon Meyer, email: [email protected] The team would like to thank Maria Carbone and the Commission staff for their constructive feedback and inputs throughout the process. Berlin, 19 July 2017 Client European Commission, DG MOVE Title Final Report – Towards a Single and Innovative European Transport System: Lot 2 - International Assessment and Action Plans of the Fo- cus Areas The information and views set out in this report are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily re- flect the official opinion of the Commission. The Commission does not guarantee the accuracy of the data included in this study. Neither the Commission nor any person acting on the Commission’s behalf may be held responsible for the use which may be made of the information contained therein. © VDI/VDE Innovation + Technik GmbH (2017) Final Report – International Assessment and Action Plans of the Focus Areas Executive Summary This report has been created in the context of the study “Towards a Single and Innovative European Transport System” that develops action plans on how to create an integrated European transport sys- tem. Thereby it takes into account the European Commission’s White Paper on Transport. The overall goal of the study is to identify barriers within Europe and to find best practices in the international arena that can be potentially translated to the European context to overcome these barriers. Subject of this report is the international assessment conducted as part of the contract concerning “International as- sessment and action plans of the focus areas”, i.e. Lot 2 of the original call for tenders. The Focus Areas are built on five thematic transport research areas in accordance with the Strategic Transport Research and Innovation Agenda (STRIA): (1) connected driving and automation of transport, use of automated optimization of traffic flows, (2) transformation of infrastructure to address connectivi- ty, resilience, new fuels and energy efficiency, (3) smart mobility services (including provision and use of data, and urban mobility), freight and logistics, (4) standardization and interoperability, and (5) alterna- tive fuels other than electrification. In light of the growing globalization with increasing co-operation between nation states and the elimina- tion of cultural and political differences, learning from each other not only creates opportunities for inter- national collaboration and transfer of knowledge but also reduces redundancies and the likelihood of taking faulty measures. Therefore, analysing other countries’ best practices and lessons learned of suc- cessful transportation initiatives and activities is beneficial. The countries in focus – Brazil, China, India, Japan, South Korea and United States of America – represent both highly industrialized as well as in- dustrializing nations with different challenges. In order to be able to identify best practices, first, a comprehensive picture of the status quo of the transport systems has been drawn. This has been achieved by conducting a state-of-play analysis of the respective countries along their transportation value chain from research to industry and market across all modes. Based on these, an analysis on each country’s strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats (SWOT) has been undertaken in all focus area. In addition a Porter’s 5-Forces analysis has been conducted to show the dynamics of one particular value chain in each country. Through this ap- proach the maturity degree of each country’s transport system has been assessed and rated on a five- point scale (see Figure 1). Even though each country has its specific challenges to cope with, many countries seem to be driven by the same societal problems evoking technological and infrastructural shifts. The assessment shows that USA and Japan are leading in almost all of the analysed focus are- as. Both China and Korea also benefit from their relatively favourable traffic environments. However, in both countries opportunities have yet to be exploited. Compared to these four countries Brazil and India are lagging behind in all Focus Areas due to disadvantageous framework conditions. Europe’s maturity degree, which is juxtaposed to the thorough analysis, is perceived to be comparable with the highest degrees in the study for Focus Area 1 and 2 and in the middle range for Focus Areas 3, 4 and 5. Based on these analyses best practices and lessons learned were identified, characterized and eventu- ally analysed in terms of their feasibility for the European situation. Valuable examples were found in all countries and focus areas (see Figure 2). To enhance the international assessment, four best practices outside of the study’s scope were added to the analysis. Where the feasibility analysis returned positive results and where lot 1 identified barriers, actions were defined on how to enable a transfer of the prac- tices to the European context to overcome existing hurdles within the European Union. All actions were synthesized into action plans consisting of activity fields for which the European status quo was as- sessed and overarching goals formulated. Additionally, responsibilities, time frames (2020, 2030, 2050) and measurements for success have been defined. In a last step recommendations for international collaboration between the European Union and coun- tries under study have been identified. These recommendations address the strengthening of the EU competitiveness, market access issues, the contribution to dealing with global challenges and the identi- fication of global players and programmes for enabling collaboration, cooperation and joint initiatives. v Final Report – International Assessment and Action Plans of the Focus Areas Résumé Ce rapport intérimaire a été rédigé dans le cadre de l’étude «Vers un système de Transport Européen unique et innovant». Il prend ainsi en compte le Livre blanc de la Commission européenne sur les transports. L’objectif principal de cette étude est de soutenir l’établissement d’un système de transport intégré, en identifiant les obstacles en Europe et de repérer les bonnes pratiques dans l’arène interna- tionale qui pourraient être retranscrites dans le contexte Européen afin de surmonter ces obstacles. Les secteurs d’intérêts sont construits autour de 5 domaines de recherche thématiques dans les trans- ports conformément au Livre Blanc sur