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Unit: 01 Cleaning Science Accommodation & Front Office Foundation -II BHM -203T UNIT: 01 CLEANING SCIENCE Structure 1.1 Introduction 1.2 Objective 1.3 Cleaning Agents 1.3.1 Defining Cleaning Agent 1.3.2 Characteristics of an Ideal Cleaning Agents 1.3.3 Types of Cleaning Agent 1.3.4 Polishes 1.3.5 Floor Sealers 1.3.6 Floor Stripers 1.3.7 Carpet Cleaners 1.3.8 Some Common Cleaning Agents 1.3.9 Selection of Cleaning Agents 1.3.10 Storage of Cleaning Agents 1.4 Types of Cleaning Equipments 1.4.1 Manual Equipment 1.4.2 Mechanical Equipment 1.4.3 Selection of Cleaning Equipment 1.5 Care and Cleaning of Different Surfaces 1.5.1 Metals 1.5.2 Glass 1.5.3 Plastics 1.5.4 Ceramics 1.5.5 Wood 1.5.6 Stone 1.5.7 Vinyl finishes 1.5.8 Rubber 1.6 Stain Removal 1.6.1 General Procedure for Stain Removal 1.6.2 Stain Removal Equipments 1.6.3 Procedure for Removing Common Stains 1.6.4 Stain Removal from Different Surfaces 1.7 Summary 1.8 Key Words 1.9 References and Bibliography 1.10 Terminal Questions 1.1 INTRODUCTION As you know cleaning is the process of removal of dust, dirt and any foreign matter eg. red flowers, stains, contents of ash tray and waste paper basket etc. and it is necessary for hygienic regions, for the sake of appearance and to prevent deterioration. Dust is made up of loose particles and is easy to clean with the help of simple cleaning equipments Uttarakhand Open University 1 Accommodation & Front Office Foundation -II BHM -203T available with the House Keeping department i.e. dusting cloth or vacuum cleaner. In this unit you will learn about the various kinds of soaps, detergents, cleaning agents, different polishes and the various efficient ways to clean the surfaces. Dirt due to its property of adhering to surface by means of grease and moisture becomes girt and is stubborn to remove requiring the help of cleaning agents for dirt to be removed effectively. The House Keeping department is responsible for upkeep and maintenance of all public and guest areas. To ensure proper cleaning and maintenance the House keeping department is dependent upon high quality cleaning equipment and their proper use by staff trained to operate the machines. Equipment purchase forms a major part of the House Keeping budget and it is the duty of the Executive House Keeper to ensure the purchase of correct cleaning equipment for the purpose defined. Often there are multiple methods of carrying out a task and the work may be completed by any of the different types of equipment. It is primarily the duty of the Executive House Keeper to select the most suitable type of equipment according to the requirement of the organization. Most cleaning equipments come under the category of recycled items but there is some large equipment which may be considered as fixed assets. The right choice of quality cleaning equipment helps in saving cost due to breakdowns, helps in reducing fatigue and ensures overall efficiency in housekeeping operations. We have already learnt about the cleaning materials and the various procedures to be followed while cleaning. You must understand and follow the same procedures in order to make the area or things clean. It is also important that the Executive House Keeper understands the different type of surfaces in order to decide how best to take care for them. Now we know that hard surfaces are found in different forms, in different areas in the hotels. In order to keep the hard surfaces in good condition their composition, type or variant, optimal cleaning and maintenance procedures should be known to the House Keeping staff. Their cleaning and maintenance plays an important part of the cleaning and maintenance program of the establishment. In this particular unit you will read about the different kinds of stains and the ways to remove it. As you know that stains are one of the greatest challenges to a housekeeper. Stains are inevitable in any operation. Any spills like fruit juices, tea, coffee, curry etc on the bed sheets, restaurant linen, carpets, and upholstered furniture by the guests or staff can lead to unwanted spots or marks which can spoil the beauty of the decor of the hotel. If they are not removed they will give a bad impression on the cleanliness standards of reputed hotels. Thus the housekeeping department efficiency and housekeeper‘s expertise is judged by her ability to remove stains of varying types. The process of removing stains is called ‗SPOTTING‘. A stain is a spot or a discoloration produced by the chemical reaction or absorption of the foreign substance with the fabric. It is a skill that demands special attention, specific techniques and long experience. 1.2 OBJECTIVE The main objective behind this lesson is to tell the students about the various types of cleaning procedure used in the housekeeping department in day to day life. Firstly, a student should know what is housekeeping and what role does it play in the hotel industry. Secondly what are the various methods or techniques implemented by the housekeeping department to maintain the décor of a guest room. Uttarakhand Open University 2 Accommodation & Front Office Foundation -II BHM -203T Have knowledge about different type of cleaning equipments used for cleaning operations. Have knowledge about various manual and mechanical equipments. Have knowledge about care and maintenance of cleaning equipments. Have knowledge of various type of surfaces used in hotel. Have knowledge of use and importance of various surfaces. Have knowledge of care and cleaning of the various surfaces. What are stains and the special treatment done to remove it. Highly skillful job done by experts. Different chemicals to remove common stains from different fabrics and carpets. 1.3 CLEANING AGENTS Cleaning is primarily the removal of dust and dirt. Dust being composed of loose particles is removed comparatively easily by the use of various types of equipment. Dirt however, owing to its adherence to surface by means of grease or moisture, requires the use of cleaning agents in conjunction with the right equipment if it is to be removed efficiently. 1.3.1 Defining Cleaning Agents ―Cleaning agents in general can be defined as natural or synthetic substances that are used to assist the cleaning process--- that is, the removal of dirt and stains and the maintenance of a clean appearance on the surface. Various cleaning agents are as follows:- WATER: Water is called as a universal solvent because it can easily dissolve anything into it. This is the prime agent in the cleaning process. However its an excellent solvent, water alone is not a sufficiently effective cleanser to meet the standards most hotels require. Generally there are two types of water :- a) Hard water, & b) Soft water. Hard water:- water that contains more than 60 parts per million(ppm) of calcium and magnesium is called hard water. Soft water:- when the level of dissolved calcium or magnesium is below 60 ppm, it is said to be called as soft water.Soft water is generally ideal for cleaning purposes and also to make up the proper dilutions of other cleaning agents. Sources of Water: Water is available in abundance in some parts of the country, but is scare in others. Sources of water may be surface, sub- soil, or deep soil. Uttarakhand Open University 3 Accommodation & Front Office Foundation -II BHM -203T 1.3.2 Characteristics of an Ideal Cleaning Agents Different types of cleaning agents are used according to their suitability in cleaning various surfaces. However, the selection of cleaning agent should be based on certain criteria to ensure that the optimal cleaning agent is bought and the housekeeper gets value for money. An ideal cleaning agent should have:- A good wetting, emulsifying and wetting powers, Readily dissolve in water, Cleanse quickly with minimum agitation, Be effective in all ranges of hard water, without producing scum, Be harmless to the skin and the surface to be cleaned, Be easy to rinse away, and Be biodegradable. 1.3.3 Types of Cleaning Agents Cleaning agents may be defined as natural or synthetic substances that are used to aid the removal of dirt and girt and help in maintaining cleanness of the surface. The variables type of cleaning agents available are as follows : Water: It is the most common and widely used agent available easily. Although it may dissolve dirt unless used in combination with some other agent is detergent, it is not an effective cleaner to meet the standards of cleanliness required by Hotels. In fact it does not even wet the surface satisfactorily as its surface tension prevents it from spreading easily. Precautions must be taken to change the water when it gets dirty or it may leave a film of dirt instead of removing it. Warm water dissolves soap more easily than cold water and should be used to remove dirty soap lather. For washing purpose soft water should be used as detergents are not effective with hard water. Hard water does not wet the surface which is necessary condition for good cleaning action. Uttarakhand Open University 4 Accommodation & Front Office Foundation -II BHM -203T Detergents are cleaning agents which when used in conjunction with water loosen and remove dirt and then hold it in suspension so that dirt is not re-deposited on the cleaned surface. Detergents can be of two types 1. Soapy Detergents 2. Synthetic Detergents or non soapy detergents. Properties of Effective Detergent: 1. It should have good wetting power so as to reduce the surface tension of water and enable the surface of the article to be thoroughly wet.
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